1
|
Gao H, Zeng Y, Huang X, A L, Liang Q, Xie J, Lin X, Gong J, Fan X, Zou T, Xu H. Extracellular vesicles from organoid-derived human retinal progenitor cells prevent lipid overload-induced retinal pigment epithelium injury by regulating fatty acid metabolism. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12401. [PMID: 38151470 PMCID: PMC10752800 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD), a group of diseases leading to irreversible vision loss, is characterised by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or retinal neuron damage and loss. With fewer risks of immune rejection and tumorigenesis, stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new cell-free therapeutic paradigm for RD, which remains to be investigated. Human retinal organoid-derived retinal progenitor cells (hERO-RPCs) are an easily accessible and advanced cell source for RD treatment. However, hERO-RPCs-derived EVs require further characterisation. Here, we compared the characteristics of EVs from hERO-RPCs (hRPC-EVs) with those of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived EVs (hESC-EVs) as controls. Based on in-depth proteomic analysis, we revealed remarkable differences between hRPC-EVs and hESC-EVs. A comparison between EVs and their respective cells of origin demonstrated that the protein loading of hRPC-EVs was more selective than that of hESC-EVs. In particular, hESC-EVs were enriched with proteins related to angiogenesis and cell cycle, whereas hRPC-EVs were enriched with proteins associated with immune modulation and retinal development. More importantly, compared with that of hESC-EVs, hRPC-EVs exhibited a lower correlation with cell proliferation and a unique capacity to regulate lipid metabolism. It was further confirmed that hRPC-EVs potentially eliminated lipid deposits, inhibited lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and enhanced phagocytosis and survival of oleic acid-treated ARPE-19 cells. Mechanistically, hRPC-EVs are integrated into the mitochondrial network of oleic acid-treated ARPE-19 cells, and increased the level of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation-related proteins. Thus, organoid-derived hRPC-EVs represent a promising source of cell-free therapy for RD, especially for blinding diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism in RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Luodan A
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Qingle Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Jing Gong
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of PsychologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang H, Wu Q, Guo XV, Chan L, Mao T, Stella C, Guilbaud A, Camperi J. Comprehensive Analysis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments: Flow Cytometry Characterization and Stress-Driven Impact on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12889. [PMID: 37629070 PMCID: PMC10454439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is one of the key functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which maintain photoreceptor health by removing photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) that are regularly shed. A deficiency in RPE function to phagocytose POSs may lead to vision loss in inherited retinal diseases and eventually to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with geographic atrophy. Significant progress has been made in the field of cell replacement therapy for AMD using stem-cell-derived RPE. To test their function, RPE cells are incubated with purified bovine POSs for the demonstration of efficient binding, internalization, and digestion of POSs. Here, we present an image-based method to measure phagocytosis activity by using POSs labeled with a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, which has low fluorescence at neutral pH outside of the cell and high fluorescence at low pH inside the phagosome. Further, we introduce a unique flow-cytometry-based method for the characterization of POSs by measuring specific markers for POSs such as rhodopsin and opsin. Using this method, we demonstrated a comparable quality of several bovine POS isolation batches and a reliable assessment of POS quality on RPE phagocytosis assay performance when subjected to different stress conditions. This work provides new tools to characterize POSs and insight into RPE phagocytosis assay development for the functional evaluation of RPE cells in the field of cell replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Liang
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Qiang Wu
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Xinzheng Victor Guo
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Linda Chan
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Tin Mao
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Axel Guilbaud
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Julien Camperi
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (H.L.); (Q.W.); (X.V.G.); (L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liesenhoff C, Paulus SM, Havertz C, Geerlof A, Priglinger S, Priglinger CS, Ohlmann A. Endogenous Galectin-1 Modulates Cell Biological Properties of Immortalized Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12635. [PMID: 37628816 PMCID: PMC10454680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the eye, an increase in galectin-1 is associated with various chorioretinal diseases, in which retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a crucial role in disease development and progression. Since little is known about the function of endogenous galectin-1 in these cells, we developed a galectin-1-deficient immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE-19-LGALS1-/-) using a sgRNA/Cas9 all-in-one expression vector and investigated its cell biological properties. Galectin-1 deficiency was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Cell viability and proliferation were significantly decreased in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells when compared to wild-type controls. Further on, an increased attachment of galectin-1-deficient RPE cells was observed by cell adhesion assay when compared to control cells. The diminished viability and proliferation, as well as the enhanced adhesion of galectin-1-deficient ARPE-19 cells, could be blocked, at least in part, by the additional treatment with human recombinant galectin-1. In addition, a significantly reduced migration was detected in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells. In comparison to control cells, galectin-1-deficient RPE cells had enhanced expression of sm-α-actin and N-cadherin, whereas expression of E-cadherin showed no significant alteration. Finally, a compensatory expression of galectin-8 mRNA was observed in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells. In conclusion, in RPE cells, endogenous galectin-1 has crucial functions for various cell biological processes, including viability, proliferation, migration, adherence, and retaining the epithelial phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Liesenhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Simon Martin Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Caroline Havertz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Siegfried Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Claudia Sybille Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kitao M, Yamaguchi A, Tomioka T, Kai K, Kamei Y, Sugimoto K, Akagawa M. Astaxanthin protects human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelium cells from blue light-induced phototoxicity by scavenging singlet oxygen. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:430-443. [PMID: 37897411 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2277144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of an increasing number of diseases that causes irreversible impairment and loss of vision in the elderly. AMD occurs by oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium cells. The onset of AMD may be positively correlated with the exposure to blue light. We screened food-derived carotenoids for cytoprotective action against blue light irradiation using human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelium cells. This study revealed that blue light irradiation triggered apoptosis and oxidative stress in all-trans-retinal (atRAL)-exposed ARPE-19 cells by generating singlet oxygen (1O2), leading to significant cell death. We found that astaxanthin, a potent anti-oxidative xanthophyll abundant in several marine organisms including microalgae, salmon, and shrimp, significantly suppresses blue light-induced apoptotic cell death of atRAL-exposed ARPE-19 cells by scavenging 1O2. Mechanistic studies using the blue-light irradiated cells also demonstrated that the cytoprotective effects of astaxanthin can be attributed to scavenging of 1O2 directly. Our results suggest the potential value of astaxanthin as a dietary strategy to prevent blue light-induced retinal degeneration including AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kitao
- Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Ai Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Integrated Bioscience, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takuma Tomioka
- Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Faculty of Biomolecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamei
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugimoto
- Faculty of Integrated Bioscience, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Akagawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan Y, Kong W, Liu XM, Shi GH. Gene Therapy Activates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Proliferation for Age-related Macular Degeneration in a Mouse Model. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:384-392. [PMID: 36944806 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative retinal disease. The degeneration or death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. This study aimed to activate the proliferation of RPE cells in vivo by using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding β-catenin to treat AMD in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were intravitreally injected with AAV2/8-Y733F-VMD2-β-catenin for 2 or 4 weeks, and β-catenin expression was measured using immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting. The function of β-catenin was determined using retinal flat mounts and laser-induced damage models. Finally, the safety of AAV2/8-Y733F-VMD2-β-catenin was evaluated by multiple intravitreal injections. RESULTS AAV2/8-Y733F-VMD2-β-catenin induced the expression of β-catenin in RPE cells. It activated the proliferation of RPE cells and increased cyclin D1 expression. It was beneficial to the recovery of laser-induced damage by activating the proliferation of RPE cells. Furthermore, it could induce apoptosis of RPE cells by increasing the expression of Trp53, Bax and caspase3 while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION AAV2/8-Y733F-VMD2-β-catenin increased β-catenin expression in RPE cells, activated RPE cell proliferation, and helped mice heal from laser-induced eye injury. Furthermore, it could induce the apoptosis of RPE cells. Therefore, it may be a safe approach for AMD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Wen Kong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guo-Hua Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Tang YJ. Sulforaphane ameliorates amyloid-β-induced inflammatory injury by suppressing the PARP1/SIRT1 pathway in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7079-7089. [PMID: 34982643 PMCID: PMC8973853 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disorder that leads to irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective therapies are lacking. Here, we explore how oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 can trigger inflammatory injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells and how sulforaphane can mitigate such injury. ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells expressing low, endogenous, or high levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1) were treated with oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 in the presence or absence of various signaling inhibitors or sulforaphane. Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and activity of the PARP1/Sirtuin (SIRT1) axis were assayed. Treating ARPE-19 cells with oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 promoted the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-ɑ, which was partially reversed by inhibiting PARP1 and activating SIRT1. PARP1 was found to act upstream of SIRT1, and expression of the two proteins correlated negatively with each other. Sulforaphane also mitigated the injury due to oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 through a mechanism involving inactivation of the PARP1/SIRT1 pathway. Oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 can trigger AMD-like injury in retinal pigment epithelium by activating PARP1 and repressing SIRT1. Moreover, sulforaphane can induce cell viability and SIRT1 expression, but reduce cell apoptosis, the activity of caspase-3 or -9, and PARP1 expression in oAβ1-42-treated cells. However, PARP1 inactivation or SIRT1 activation weaken these effects. In summary, sulforaphane reduces the inflammatory injury induced by oAβ1-42 in ARPE-19 cell by inactivating the PARP1/SIRT1 pathway. Thus, the compound may be an effective therapy against AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu HJ, Li QY, Zou T, Yin ZQ. Development-related mitochondrial properties of retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from hEROs. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1138-1150. [PMID: 34414076 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the temporal mitochondrial characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells obtained from human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived retinal organoids (hEROs-RPE), to verify the optimal period for using hEROs-RPE as donor cells from the aspect of mitochondria and to optimize RPE cell-based therapeutic strategies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS RPE cells were obtained from hEROs and from spontaneous differentiation (SD-RPE). The mitochondrial characteristics were analyzed every 20d from day 60 to 160. Mitochondrial quantity was measured by MitoTracker Green staining. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was adopted to assess the morphological features of the mitochondria, including their distribution, length, and cristae. Mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) were determined by JC-1 staining and evaluated by flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured by a luminometer. Differences between two groups were analyzed by the independent-samples t-test, and comparisons among multiple groups were made using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test when equal variance was not assumed. RESULTS hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells from day 60 to 160 were successfully differentiated from hESCs and expressed RPE markers (Pax6, MITF, Bestrophin-1, RPE65, Cralbp). RPE features, including a cobblestone-like morphology with tight junctions (ZO-1), pigments and microvilli, were also observed in both hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells. The mitochondrial quantities of hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells both peaked at day 80. However, the cristae of hEROs-RPE mitochondria were less mature and abundant than those of SD-RPE mitochondria at day 80, with hEROs-RPE mitochondria becoming mature at day 100. Both hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells showed low ROS levels from day 100 to 140 and maintained a normal MMP during this period. However, hEROs-RPE mitochondria maintained a longer time to produce high levels of ATP (from day 120 to 140) than SD-RPE cells (only day 120). CONCLUSION hEROs-RPE mitochondria develop more slowly and maintain a longer time to supply high-level energy than SD-RPE mitochondria. From the mitochondrial perspective, hEROs-RPE cells from day 100 to 140 are an optimal cell source for treating AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jue Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qi-You Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zheng-Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Chang T, Wu T, Ye W, Wang Y, Dou G, Du H, Hui Y, Guo C. Connective tissue growth factor promotes retinal pigment epithelium mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:389. [PMID: 33760200 PMCID: PMC8008218 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease leading to the formation of contractile preretinal membranes (PRMs) and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been identified as a possible key determinant of progressive tissue fibrosis and excessive scarring. Therefore, the present study investigated the role and mechanism of action of CTGF in PVR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CTGF, fibronectin and collagen type III in PRMs from patients with PVR. The effects and mechanisms of recombinant human CTGF and its upstream regulator, TGF‑β1, on epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were investigated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and a [3H]proline incorporation assay. The data indicated that CTGF, fibronectin and collagen type III were highly expressed in PRMs. In vitro, CTGF significantly decreased the expression of the epithelial markers ZO‑1 and E‑cadherin and increased that of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin, N‑cadherin and α‑smooth muscle actin in a concentration‑dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of the ECM protein collagen type III was upregulated by CTGF. However, the trends in expression for the above‑mentioned markers were reversed after knocking down CTGF. The incorporation of [3H]proline into RPE cells was also increased by CTGF. In addition, 8‑Bromoadenosine cAMP inhibited CTGF‑stimulated collagen synthesis and transient transfection of RPE cells with a CTGF antisense oligonucleotide inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced collagen synthesis. The phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT in RPE cells was promoted by CTGF and TGF‑β1 and the latter promoted the expression of CTGF. The results of the present study indicated that CTGF may promote EMT and ECM synthesis in PVR via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suggested that targeting CTGF signaling may have a therapeutic or preventative effect on PVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tianfang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yannian Hui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Changmei Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou L, Shi DP, Chu WJ, Yang LL, Xu HF. LRG1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium cells by activating NOX4. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:349-355. [PMID: 33747808 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and to explore the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). METHODS RPE cells (ARPE-19 cell line) were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to induce EMT. Changes of the mRNA and protein expression levels of LRG1 were tested in the TGF-β1 treated cells. The recombinant human LRG1 protein (rLRG1) and siRNA of LRG1 were used to establish accumulation of exogenous LRG1 model and the down-regulation of LRG1 model in ARPE-19 cells respectively, and to detect EMT-related markers including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The mRNA and protein expression level of NOX4 were measured according to the above treatments. VAS2870 was used as a NOX4 inhibitor in rLRG1-treated cells. EMT-related markers were detected to verify the effect of NOX4 in the process of EMT. RESULTS TGF-β1 promoted the expression of LRG1 at both the mRNA and protein levels during the process of EMT which showed the up-regulation of fibronectin and α-SMA, as well as the down-regulation of ZO-1. Furthermore, the rLRG1 promoted EMT of ARPE-19 cells, which manifested high levels of fibronectin and α-SMA and low level of ZO-1, whereas knockdown of LRG1 prevented EMT by decreasing the expressions of fibronectin and α-SMA and increasing the expression of ZO-1 in ARPE-19 cells. Besides, the rLRG1 activated and LRG1 siRNA suppressed NOX4 expression. EMT was inhibited when VAS2870 was used in the rLRG1-treated cells. CONCLUSION These results for the first time demonstrate that LRG1 promotes EMT of RPE cells by activating NOX4, which may provide a novel direction to explore the mechanisms of subretinal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Peng Shi
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chu
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang DR, Dai CM, Li SY, Li XF. Obacunone protects retinal pigment epithelium cells from ultra-violet radiation-induced oxidative injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11010-11025. [PMID: 33535179 PMCID: PMC8109142 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-violet (UV) radiation (UVR) causes significant oxidative injury to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Obacunone is a highly oxygenated triterpenoid limonoid compound with various pharmacological properties. Its potential effect in RPE cells has not been studied thus far. Here in ARPE-19 cells and primary murine RPE cells, obacunone potently inhibited UVR-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, lipid peroxidation and single strand DNA accumulation. UVR-induced RPE cell death and apoptosis were largely alleviated by obacunone. Obacunone activated Nrf2 signaling cascade in RPE cells, causing Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation. It promoted transcription and expression of antioxidant responsive element-dependent genes. Nrf2 silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-induced Nrf2 knockout almost reversed obacunone-induced RPE cytoprotection against UVR. Forced activation of Nrf2 cascade, by Keap1 knockout, similarly protected RPE cells from UVR. Importantly, obacunone failed to offer further RPE cytoprotection against UVR in Keap1-knockout cells. In vivo, intravitreal injection of obacunone largely inhibited light-induced retinal damage. Collectively, obacunone protects RPE cells from UVR-induced oxidative injury through activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Chang-Ming Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Shu-Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baiula M, Caligiana A, Bedini A, Zhao J, Santino F, Cirillo M, Gentilucci L, Giacomini D, Spampinato S. Leukocyte Integrin Antagonists as a Novel Option to Treat Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617836. [PMID: 33584300 PMCID: PMC7878375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial degenerative disease that leads to irreversible blindness. AMD affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the main cellular type affected in dry AMD. RPE cells form a monolayer between the choroid and the neuroretina and are in close functional relationship with photoreceptors; moreover, RPE cells are part of the blood retina barrier that is disrupted in ocular diseases such as AMD. During ocular inflammation lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited, contact RPE and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in AMD pathogenesis. The interaction between RPE and immune cells is mediated by leukocyte integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, and adhesion molecules, including VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Within this frame, this study aimed to characterize RPE-leukocytes interaction and to investigate any potentially beneficial effects induced by integrin antagonists (DS-70, MN27 and SR714), developed in previous studies. ARPE-19 cells were co-cultured for different incubation times with Jurkat cells and apoptosis and necrosis levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, we measured the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. We found that RPE-lymphocyte interaction increased apoptosis and necrosis levels in RPE cells and the expression of IL-1β. This interaction was mediated by the binding of α4β1 and αLβ2 integrins to VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, respectively. The blockade of RPE-lymphocyte interaction with blocking antibodies highlighted the pivotal role played by integrins. Therefore, α4β1 and αLβ2 integrin antagonists were employed to disrupt RPE-lymphocyte crosstalk. Small molecule integrin antagonists proved to be effective in reducing RPE cell death and expression of IL-1β, demonstrating that integrin antagonists could protect RPE cells from detrimental effects induced by the interaction with immune cells recruited to the retina. Overall, the leukocyte integrin antagonists employed in the present study may represent a novel opportunity to develop new drugs to fight dry AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Caligiana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bedini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Santino
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cirillo
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Specilization School of Hospital Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuo SC, Li Y, Cheng KC, Hsu CC, Cheng JT, Lau HH. Potassium bromate-induced cell model of age-related macular degeneration in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:216. [PMID: 33495823 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) progression occurs due to oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. To develop a new model of AMD, the present study investigated the effects of potassium bromate (KBrO3) on ARPE‑19 cells. Incubation with KBrO3 for 24 h significantly decreased ARPE‑19 cell viability in a concentration‑dependent manner compared with the control group. The MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assay results indicated that KBrO3 induced cell apoptosis. Compared with the control group, KBrO3 treatment significantly decreased the Bcl2/Bax ratio, as determined via western blotting, and caspase‑3 mRNA expression levels. Fluorescence microscopy indicated the increased ROS levels in cells treated with KBrO3. Endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly inhibited by KBrO3 compared with the control group. Moreover, the antioxidants tiron and phloroglucinol inhibited KBrO3‑mediated effects on ARPE‑19 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Additionally, GPR109A is the binding site of 4‑hydroxynonenal (4‑HNE). KBrO3 displayed cytotoxic effects in 293 cells, which naturally lack the GPR109A gene, but these effects were not observed in 4‑HNE‑treated 293 cells, suggesting that KBrO3 induced apoptosis without increasing endogenous 4‑HNE levels in cells. Moreover, the results suggested that KBrO3‑induced oxidative stress may activate STAT3 to increase VEGF expression in ARPE‑19 cells. Collectively, the results of the present study supported the potential use of KBrO3 to induce an in vitro model of AMD in ARPE‑19 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Kuo
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City 71701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 97005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890, Japan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 11049, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 71003, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Varinthra P, Huang SP, Chompoopong S, Wen ZH, Liu IY. 4-(Phenylsulfanyl) Butan-2-One Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Amyloid-β Oligomers in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 19:md19010001. [PMID: 33374505 PMCID: PMC7822165 DOI: 10.3390/md19010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that causes irreversible impairment of central vision, and effective treatment is not yet available. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in drusen that lie under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been reported as one of the early signs of AMD and was found in more than 60% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Extracellular deposition of Aβ can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in RPE cells. Thus, finding a compound that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response may help the treatment of AMD. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of the coral-derived compound 4-(phenylsulfanyl) butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on Aβ1-42 oligomer (oAβ1-42) added to the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Our results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 can decrease the elevated expressions of TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS via NF-κB signaling in ARPE-19 cells treated with oAβ1-42 without causing any cytotoxicity or notable side effects. This study suggests that 4-PSB-2 is a promising drug candidate for attenuation of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Ingrid Y. Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3846-2722
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ke Y, Fan X, Rui H, Xinjun R, Dejia W, Chuanzhen Z, Li X. Exosomes derived from RPE cells under oxidative stress mediate inflammation and apoptosis of normal RPE cells through Apaf1/caspase-9 axis. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4849-4861. [PMID: 32277521 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of exosomes, secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under oxidative stress (OS), on apoptosis and inflammation of normal RPE cells. Exosomes secreted by normal RPE cells (named as exo) and rotenone (2.5 µmol/L) stimulated RPE cells (named as rot-exo) were isolated and extracted by multi-step differential centrifugation for morphology observation under a transmission electron microscopy. pcDNA3.1a, pcDNA3.1a-Apaf1, and p3xFlag-CMV-caspase-9 plasmids were constructed and transfected into ARPE-19 cells. Exosomes secreted by ARPE-19 cells were injected into the vitreous body of rats to verify the effect of Apaf1 and caspase-9 on cell apoptosis and inflammation. Co-immunoprecipitation was applied to clarify the interaction of Apaf1 with caspase-9. Exosomes secreted by rotenone stimulated ARPE-19 cells could induce cell apoptosis, oxidative injury, and inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. Exosomes secreted under OS can damage retinal functions of rats and have upregulated expression of Apaf1. Overexpression of Apaf1 in exosomes secreted under OS can cause the inhibition of cell proliferation, the increase of cell apoptosis and elicitation of inflammatory response in ARPE-19 cells. Exosomes derived from ARPE-19 cells under OS regulate Apaf1 expression to increase cell apoptosis and to induce oxidative injury and inflammatory response through a caspase-9 apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ke
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Vitreous Retina and Trauma Department, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoe Fan
- Ophthalmology Department, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Rui
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ren Xinjun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Vitreous Retina and Trauma Department, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Dejia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Vitreous Retina and Trauma Department, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Chuanzhen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Vitreous Retina and Trauma Department, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Vitreous Retina and Trauma Department, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du Y, Yang X, Gong Q, Xu Z, Cheng Y, Su G. Inhibitor of growth 4 affects hypoxia-induced migration and angiogenesis regulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15243-15256. [PMID: 30667053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), a potential tumor suppressor, is implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis. However, its effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate ING4 expression in normal and diabetic rats and clarify its effects on hypoxia-induced dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. A Type 1 diabetic model was generated by injecting rats intraperitoneally with streptozotocin and then killed them 4, 8, or 12 weeks later. ING4 expression in retinal tissue was detected using western blot analysis, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemistry assays. After transfection with an ING4 overexpression lentiviral vector or small interfering RNA (siRNA), ARPE-19 migration under hypoxia was tested using wound healing and transwell assays. The angiogenic effect of conditioned medium (CM) from ARPE-19 cells was examined by assessing human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) capillary tube formation. Additionally, western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to investigate the signaling pathways in which ING4, specificity protein 1 (Sp1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were involved. Here, we found that ING4 expression was significantly reduced in the diabetic rats' retinal tissue. Silencing ING4 aggravated hypoxia-induced ARPE-19 cell migration. CM collected from ING4 siRNA-transfected ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia promoted HREC angiogenesis. These effects were reversed by ING4 overexpression. Furthermore, ING4 suppressed MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF-A expression in an Sp1-dependent manner in hypoxia-conditioned ARPE-19 cells. Overall, our results provide valuable mechanistic insights into the protective effects of ING4 on hypoxia-induced migration and angiogenesis regulation in ARPE-19 cells. Restoring ING4 may be a novel strategy for treating DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Ren Y, Wang X, Liu X, Xu Y, He Y. Down regulation of UCP2 expression in retinal pigment epithelium cells under oxidative stress: an in vitro study. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1089-1094. [PMID: 31341797 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.07.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in a retinal pigment epithelium cell line (ARPE-19), under oxidative stress (OS). METHODS ARPE-19 cells were divided into groups treated with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0, 150, 300, 500, 700, and 900 µmol/L) for 24h, to induce oxidative damage and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. UCP2 mRNA expression in cells treated with H2O2 was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). UCP2 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting and ROS levels analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Further, UCP2-siRNA treated cultures were exposed to H2O2 (0, 75, 150, and 300 µmol/L) for 2h and cell viability determined by MTT assay. RESULTS Cells treated with higher concentrations of H2O2 appeared shrunken; their adhesion to adjacent cells was disrupted, and the number of dead cells increased. The results of cell viability assays demonstrated that the numbers of cells were decreased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with H2O2. Compared with untreated controls, cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with >300 µmol/L H2O2 (P<0.05). Cell metabolic activity was decreased with increased concentrations of H2O2 as detected by MTT assay. Levels of OS were further decreased in cells treated with UCP2-siRNA compared with those treated with H2O2 alone (P<0.05). The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that UCP2 expression was reduced in H2O2-treated groups compared with controls (P<0.05). FCM analysis showed that cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased in H2O2-treated groups and further upregulated by UCP2-siRNA treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Expression levels of UCP2 are decreased in ARPE-19 cells treated with H2O2. ROS levels are further increased in cells treated with UCP2-siRNA relative to those treated with H2O2 alone. UCP2 may have a protective role in ARPE-19 cells during oxidative injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Institute, Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li R, Du JH, Yao GM, Yao Y, Zhang J. Autophagy: a new mechanism for regulating VEGF and PEDF expression in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:557-562. [PMID: 31024806 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression by autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells on exposure to hypoxia. METHODS ARPE-19, an RPE cell line, was treated as following: the control group was kept in a normoxic incubator; the hypoxia group was incubated in a hypoxic incubator with 1% O2/5% CO2/94% N2 for 24h; the hypoxia + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group was pretreated with 10 mmol/L 3-MA for 1h and then in the hypoxic incubator for 24h; and the hypoxia + chloroquine (CQ) group was pretreated with 50 µmol/L CQ for 1h and then in the hypoxic incubator for 24h. The morphology and ultrastructure of the cells was observed by an inverted microscope or a transmission electronic microscope (TEM). Western blot was performed to assay the expression of autophagy-associated markers, including microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B), Beclin-1, Atg5 and p62. The concentration of VEGF and PEDF in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA, and the ratio of VEGF/PEDF was calculated. RESULTS There were no obvious differences in cell morphology among different groups and autolysosomes could be observed in the cytoplasm in all groups. Compared to the control cells, the LC3B-II/I ratio and levels of Beclin-1 and Atg5 were significantly increased and p62 level was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. With the increase of VEGF and decrease of PEDF concentration, the VEGF/PEDF ratio was significantly increased in the hypoxia group compared to the control cells. The LC3B-II/I ratio was significantly reduced by 3-MA treatment and increased by CQ treatment. The expressions of Beclin-1 and Atg5 were significantly reduced by 3-MA or CQ treatment, while expression of p62 was increased in the 3-MA or CQ treated cells. The concentration of VEGF was significantly decreased and PEDF increased, thereby the VEGF/PEDF ratio was decreased in the hypoxia + 3-MA group and hypoxia + CQ group compared with that in the hypoxia group. CONCLUSION Hypoxia leads to elevated autophagy in RPE cells, and expression of VEGF and PEDF might be regulated by autophagy on exposure to hypoxia to further participate in regulating the formation of retinal neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Hui Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Min Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He Y, Wang X, Liu X, Ji Z, Ren Y. Decreased uncoupling protein 2 expression in aging retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:375-380. [PMID: 30918803 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells at the different human age, further explore the possible new target of RPE cells protection. METHODS Adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells and the primary RPE cells at the different age (9-20y, 50-55y, 60-70y, >70y) were cultured and harvested. The expression of UCP2 in these cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Cells from the donors more than 60y are larger and more fibroblastic in appearance compared to ARPE-19 cells and those primary cultures obtained from the younger individuals by using phase-contrast micrographs. Results of RT-PCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy all showed that UCP2 was highly expressed in ARPE-19 cells and in the younger primary cultured human RPE cells at the age of 9-20y and 50-55y, whereas lower expression of UCP2 was measured in the older primary cultured human RPE cells at the age more than 60y. CONCLUSION Expression of UCP2 gene is decreased in aged RPE cells, promoting the lower ability of anti-oxidation in these cells. It is indicated that UCP2 gene might be a new target for protecting the cells from oxidative stress damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Liu M, Chen Q, Liu GM, Cao MJ, Sun L, Lu Z, Guo C. Blueberry Polyphenols Ameliorate Visible Light and Lipid-Induced Injury of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12730-12740. [PMID: 30411897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although dietary polyphenols are known to be beneficial to vision, the protective distinctions among different types of polyphenols are unclear. In this work, the visual benefits of various blueberry polyphenols were evaluated using an in vitro model of visible light-lipid-induced injury of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Results showed that, at 10.0 μg/mL, the phenolic acid-rich fraction was superior in inhibiting cell death (93.6% ± 2.8% of cell viability). Anthocyanin- and flavonoid-rich fractions shared similar advantages in preventing the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (34.8% ± 11.1% and 32.2% ± 9.7% of aged cells, respectively) and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (51.8 ± 3.5 and 54.1 ± 6.5 pg/mL, respectively). The flavonoid-rich fraction also showed high activity in ameliorating phagocytosis (70.3% ± 12.6%) and cellular oxidative stress. These results were further confirmed by using the corresponding polyphenol standards. Improved inhibitory effects of polyphenol mixture on cell death and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression were also observed. Therefore, various polyphenols play diverse roles and exert synergistic effects in nourishing the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchou Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Lechang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Caihua Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang JW, Tseng ML, Fu YM, Kang CH, Cheng YT, Kuo PH, Tzeng CK, Chiou SH, Wu CY, Chen GY. Printable Graphene Oxide Micropatterns for a Bio-Subretinal Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800365. [PMID: 30051620 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, implantable artificial subretinal chips using electronic components have replaced photoreceptors to serve as the most feasible treatment for retinal diseases. As such a chip that is meant to be implanted and used for very long periods, growing retinal cells on it to improve the electrical stimulation efficiency and attraction of neuronal elements remains a challenge. Here, an inkjet printing technology is employed to create graphene oxide (GO) micropatterns onto microelectrodes of a photovoltaic-powered implantable retinal chip. These GO micropatterns allow human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to specially attach and grow in each microelectrode. In addition, the cell proliferation, viability, and tight junction of RPE cells are improved during culturing. The development of a simple surface-coating technology would pave the way for the development of the first fully integrated and encapsulated retinal prostheses with biocompatible on-chip microelectrodes for long-term implantation, which could be effectively applied in retina tissue engineering and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Liang Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Fu
- Microsystems Integration Laboratory; Department of Electronics Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Che-Hao Kang
- Microsystems Integration Laboratory; Department of Electronics Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Microsystems Integration Laboratory; Department of Electronics Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Kuo
- Department of Electrical Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Tzeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei 112 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taipei 112 Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dong ZZ, Li J, Gan YF, Sun XR, Leng YX, Ge J. Amyloid beta deposition related retinal pigment epithelium cell impairment and subretinal microglia activation in aged APPswePS1 transgenic mice. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:747-755. [PMID: 29862171 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the pathological role of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in retinal degeneration, and explore Aβ deposition on the retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) layer and the associated structural and functional changes in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. METHODS RPE changes in the eyes of APPswe/PS1 transgenic and none transgenic (NTG) mice over 20 months old were examined. Histological changes were investigated via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, whereas the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aβ, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) were investigated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. All of the obtained results were quantitatively and statistically analyzed. RESULTS In aged transgenic mice, an APP-positive immunoreaction and Aβ deposition were detected on the RPE layer but were undetectable in NTG mice. The RPE demonstrated some vacuole changes, shortened basal infoldings and basal deposition in histopathological examination and TEM tests, wherein irregular shapes were indicated by ZO-1 disorganization through fluorescence. Furthermore, IBA-1 positive cells were observed to have accumulated and infiltrated into the RPE layer and localized beneath the RPE/Bruch's membrane (BrM) complex, which was accompanied by an increase in BrM thickness in aged transgenic mice in comparison to NTG mice. The IBA-1 positive cells were found to be co-stained with Aβ deposition on the RPE flat mounts. CONCLUSION The observed Aβ deposition in the RPE layer may cause RPE dysfunction, which is associated with microglia cells infiltration into the retina of aged transgenic mice, suggesting that Aβ deposition probably plays a significant role in RPE-related degenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhang Dong
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Gan
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Rong Sun
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Xia Leng
- Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu L, Wu XW. Nobiletin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22052. [PMID: 29687528 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone), a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found in Citrus fruits, has been reported to have antioxidant effect. However, the effect of nobiletin on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of nobiletin against H2 O2 -induced cell death in RPE cells. Our results demonstrated that nobiletin significantly increased cell viability from oxidative stress. Nobiletin inhibited H2 O2 -induced ROS production and caspase-3/7 activity in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, nobiletin significantly increased Akt phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells exposed to H2 O2 . Meanwhile, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, abolished the protective effect of nobiletin against H2 O2 -induced decreased cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity in ARPE-19 cells. In summary, these data show that nobiletin protects RPE cells against oxidative stress through activation of the Akt-signaling pathway. Thus, nobiletin should be an oxidant that attenuates the development of age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen, 333000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Wu B, Liu Y, Xu J, Yan Q, Zhang J. Knockdown of dickkopf2 inhibits vascular endothelia growth factor expression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4056-4060. [PMID: 29581753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been demonstrated to be a proangiogenic factor that induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Dickkopf2 (DKK2), originally known as Wnt antagonist, has recently been demonstrated to have an important regulatory role in angiogenesis; however, the specific role of DKK2 in RPE cells is not known. In the present study, the effects of DKK2 on VEGF expression under hypoxic conditions were investigated, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. The results demonstrated that the expression of DKK2 was markedly increased under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxic conditions. Knockdown of DKK2 markedly attenuated the CoCl2-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and VEGF in RPE cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DKK2 markedly inhibited the expression of β-catenin induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate that knockdown of DKK2 inhibits the hypoxia-induced production of VEGF by suppressing the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Qichang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu W, Zeng Y, Li Z, Li Q, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Features specific to retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from three-dimensional human embryonic stem cell cultures - a new donor for cell therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22819-33. [PMID: 27009841 PMCID: PMC5008403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation is a particularly promising treatment of retinal degenerative diseases affecting RPE-photoreceptor complex. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an abundant donor source for RPE transplantation. Herein, we studied the time-course characteristics of RPE cells derived from three-dimensional human ESCs cultures (3D-RPE). We showed that 3D-RPE cells possessed morphology, ultrastructure, gene expression profile, and functions of authentic RPE. As differentiation proceeded, 3D-RPE cells could mature gradually with decreasing proliferation but increasing functions. Besides, 3D-RPE cells could form polarized monolayer with functional tight junction and gap junction. When grafted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeons rats, 3D-RPE cells were safe and efficient to rescue retinal degeneration. This study showed that 3D-RPE cells were a new donor for cell therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengya Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiyou Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li C, Yan K, Wang W, Bai Q, Dai C, Li X, Huang D. MIND4-17 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89793-801. [PMID: 29163788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 activation would efficiently protect retinal cells from UV radiation (UVR). Recent studies have developed a Nrf2-targeting thiazole-containing compound MIND4-17, which activates Nrf2 through blocking its association with Keap1. In the current study, we demonstrated that pretreatment with MIND4-17 efficiently protected retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from UVR. UVR-induced apoptosis in the retinal cells was also largely attenuated by MIND4-17 pretreatment. MIND4-17 presumably separated Nrf2 from Keap1, allowing its stabilization and accumulation in retinal cells, which then translocated to cell nuclei and promoted transcription of ARE-dependent anti-oxidant genes, including HO1, NQO1 and GCLM. Significantly, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 almost completely abolished MIND4-17-induced cytoprotection against UVR. Further studies showed that MIND4-17 largely ameliorated UVR-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damages in RPEs and RGCs. Together, MIND4-17 protects retinal cells from UVR by activating Nrf2 signaling.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng LB, Li KR, Yi N, Li XM, Wang F, Xue B, Pan YS, Yao J, Jiang Q, Wu ZF. miRNA-141 attenuates UV-induced oxidative stress via activating Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in human retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13186-94. [PMID: 28061435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling could protect cells from ultra violet (UV) radiation. We aim to provoke Nrf2 activation via downregulating its inhibitor Keap1 by microRNA-141 (“miR-141”). In both human retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), forced-expression of miR-141 downregulated Keap1, causing Nrf2 stabilization, accumulation and nuclear translocation, which led to transcription of multiple antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) genes (HO1, NOQ1 and GCLC). Further, UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death were significantly attenuated in miR-141-expressing RPEs and RGCs. On the other hand, depletion of miR-141 via expressing its inhibitor antagomiR-141 led to Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 degradation, which aggravated UV-induced death of RPEs and RGCs. Significantly, Nrf2 shRNA knockdown almost abolished miR-141-mediated cytoprotection against UV in RPEs. These results demonstrate that miR-141 targets Keap1 to activate Nrf2 signaling, which protects RPEs and RGCs from UV radiation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Michalska-Małecka K, Regucka A, Śpiewak D, Sosnowska-Pońska M, Niewiem A. Does the use of acetylsalicylic acid have an influence on our vision? Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1567-1574. [PMID: 27843305 PMCID: PMC5098504 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. This review aims to describe the relationship between acetylsalicylic acid and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - a chronic disease that causes deterioration of visual acuity and is one of the most common ophthalmological diseases these days. METHODS Data presented in this review were collected from both research and review articles concerning ophthalmology and pharmacology. RESULTS The results of the studies analyzed in this review are not unambiguous. Moreover, the studies are not homogenous. They differed from one another in terms of the number of patients, the age criteria, the ASA dose, and the duration of control period. The reviewed studies revealed that ASA therapy, which is applied as a protection in cardiovascular diseases in patients with early forms of AMD and geographic atrophy, should not be discontinued. CONCLUSION On the basis of the present studies, it cannot be unequivocally said whether ASA influences people's vision and if people endangered with AMD progression or who are diagnosed with AMD should use this drug. It may increase the risk of AMD, but it can also reduce the risk of life-threatening conditions. The authors suggest that in order to avoid possible risks of AMD development, people who frequently take ASA should have their vision checked regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; University Clinical Center, University Hospital Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Regucka
- University Clinical Center, University Hospital Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Śpiewak
- University Clinical Center, University Hospital Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Alfred Niewiem
- University Clinical Center, University Hospital Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|