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Bianco G, Manning P, Schleuning M. A quantitative framework for identifying the role of individual species in Nature's Contributions to People. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14371. [PMID: 38361471 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that biodiversity change is affecting human well-being by altering the supply of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Nevertheless, the role of individual species in this relationship remains obscure. In this article, we present a framework that combines the cascade model from ecosystem services research with network theory from community ecology. This allows us to quantitatively link NCP demanded by people to the networks of interacting species that underpin them. We show that this "network cascade" framework can reveal the number, identity and importance of the individual species that drive NCP and of the environmental conditions that support them. This information is highly valuable in demonstrating the importance of biodiversity in supporting human well-being and can help inform the management of biodiversity in social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bianco
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Estoque RC. Some key considerations for implementing the nexus approach in biodiversity conservation research and practice. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504231223023. [PMID: 38262423 PMCID: PMC10807393 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231223023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C. Estoque
- Center for Biodiversity and Climate Change, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
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3
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Fu B, Liu Y, Meadows ME. Ecological restoration for sustainable development in China. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad033. [PMID: 37266558 PMCID: PMC10232043 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Facing the need for transdisciplinary research to promote ecological restoration that achieves both social and ecological benefits, research on past restoration efforts that have directly or indirectly contributed to regional or national sustainable development warrants reassessment. Using China as an example, in this review, we address three basic research questions that can be summarized as follows: ecological restoration-of what, for whom and to what purpose? Accordingly, a 'landscape pattern-ecosystem service-sustainable development' co-evolutionary framework is proposed here to describe landscape-scale ecological restoration and its impact on landscape patterns and ecological processes, ecosystem services for human well-being, sustainable livelihoods and socioeconomic development. From the strategic pattern of national ecological security to the pattern of major projects to protect and restore major national ecosystems, the spatial pattern of China's ecological restoration is more geographically integrative. From major function-oriented zoning to systematic ecological protection and restoration, and for the purpose of achieving the Beautiful China Initiative, there are three stages of ecosystem services management: classification, synergy and integration, respectively. The difference in geographic processes should be considered in the key requirements of ecological restoration for China's five national strategies for regional sustainable-development strategies. Deepening understanding of the relationship between humans and nature in different geographical contexts is a scientific prerequisite to support policymaking related to ecological restoration. To promote greater harmony between humans and nature, we propose four important research directions: (i) understanding coupling processes among key components, (ii) identifying ecosystem service flows, (iii) evaluating social-ecological benefits and (iv) supporting adaptive management for regional sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Michael E Meadows
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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4
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Chang H, Zhou J, Wang Z. Multidimensional Factors Affecting Successful Aging among Empty-Nesters in China Based on Social-Ecological System Theory. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191911885. [PMID: 36231187 PMCID: PMC9565406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify the status of successful aging and the factors influencing empty-nest elderly in China based on the social-ecological system theory. METHODS The data came from the follow-up survey (2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and 3074 empty-nesters aged 60 and over are included. Chi-squared tests and logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with successful aging. RESULTS The successful aging rate of empty-nesters in China was 5.9%. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that younger age, higher education level, good self-rated health, good hearing, high life satisfaction, availability of financial resources at the microsystem level, higher frequency of contact with children at the mesosystem level, and medical insurance at the macrosystem level were the contributing influencing factors for successful aging of empty-nesters in China. CONCLUSION This study is an important attempt to explore the successful aging of empty-nesters in China. Because this study is based on social-ecological system theory, it confirms the important role of individual characteristics of older adults and their surrounding environment in achieving successful aging. Therefore, we should pay attention not only to the individual characteristics of the elderly, but also to the role of the surrounding environment on the health of the elderly, so that we can develop intervention measures to promote their successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15-9015-66817
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Yabiku ST, Sullivan A, York AM, Zhao Q, Glick JE, Hall SJ, Ghimire DJ, An L. Drivers of prohibited natural resource collection in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Environ Conserv 2022; 49:114-121. [PMID: 36246571 PMCID: PMC9563263 DOI: 10.1017/s0376892922000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are critical for achieving conservation, economic and development goals, but the factors that lead households to engage in prohibited resource collection in PAs are not well understood. We examine collection behaviours in community forests and the protected Chitwan National Park in Chitwan, Nepal. Our approach incorporates household and ecological data, including structured interviews, spatially explicit data on collection behaviours measured with computer tablets and a systematic field survey of invasive species. We pair our data with a framework that considers factors related to a household's demand for resources, barriers to prohibited resource collection, barriers to legal resource collection and alternatives to resource collection. The analysis identifies key drivers of prohibited collection, including sociodemographic variables and perceptions of an invasive plant (Mikania micrantha). The social-ecological systems approach reveals that household perceptions of the presence of M. micrantha were more strongly associated with resource collection decisions than the actual ecologically measured presence of the plant. We explore the policy implications of our findings for PAs and propose that employing a social-ecological systems approach leads to conservation policy and scientific insights that are not possible to achieve with social or ecological approaches alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Yabiku
- Penn State University, 306 Oswald Tower, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abigail Sullivan
- Boston University Earth & Environment, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abigail M York
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Qunshan Zhao
- Urban Big Data Centre 7-302, 7 Lilybank Gardens, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Jennifer E Glick
- Penn State University, 601 Oswald Tower, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sharon J Hall
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Dirgha J Ghimire
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
| | - Li An
- San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA
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Dadaczynski K, Sykes S, Bíró É, Kósa K. Editorial: The Social-Ecological Context of Health Literacy. Front Public Health 2022; 10:897717. [PMID: 35558540 PMCID: PMC9087034 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.897717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dadaczynski
- Department of Nursing and Health Science, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.,Centre for Applied Health Science, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Susie Sykes
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Éva Bíró
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karolina Kósa
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Cinner JE, Zamborain-Mason J, Maire E, Hoey AS, Graham NAJ, Mouillot D, Villéger S, Ferse S, Lockie S. Linking key human-environment theories to inform the sustainability of coral reefs. Curr Biol 2022:S0960-9822(22)00673-X. [PMID: 35568029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Effective solutions to the ongoing "coral reef crisis" will remain limited until the underlying drivers of coral reef degradation are better understood. Here, we conduct a global-scale study of how four key metrics of ecosystem states and processes on coral reefs (top predator presence, reef fish biomass, trait diversity, and parrotfish scraping potential) are explained by 11 indicators based on key human-environment theories from the social sciences. Our global analysis of >1,500 reefs reveals three key findings. First, the proximity of the nearest market has the strongest and most consistent relationships with these ecosystem metrics. This finding is in keeping with a body of terrestrial research on how market accessibility shapes agricultural practices, but the integration of these concepts in marine systems is nascent. Second, our global study shows that resource conditions tend to display a n-shaped relationship with socioeconomic development. Specifically, the probabilities of encountering a top predator, fish biomass, and fish trait diversity were highest where human development was moderate but lower where development was either high or low. This finding contrasts with previous regional-scale research demonstrating an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (which predicts a U-shaped relationship between socioeconomic development and resource conditions). Third, together, our ecosystem metrics are best explained by the integration of different human-environment theories. Our best model includes the interactions between indicators from different theoretical perspectives, revealing how marine reserves can have different outcomes depending on how far they are from markets and human settlements, as well as the size of the surrounding human population.
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Xiong CS, Hu YY, Zhou TX, Tan R, Zhang YL. [Impact of provincial infrastructure investment on the vulnerability of social-ecological system in China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1395-1404. [PMID: 35730099 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The impact of infrastructure investment on social-economic system or ecological system has been widely discussed, yet, the overall impact of infrastructure investment on social-ecological system (SES) is still unknown. This study summarized the impact mechanism of infrastructure investment on social ecosystem vulnerability. We first sorted out the impact mechanism of infrastructure investment on SES vulnerability, and then empirically analyzed the effect of provincial infrastructure investment on SES vulnerability by using spatial autocorrelation and spatial econometric models on the basis of accounting provincial per capita infrastructure capital stock and comprehensive evaluation of SES vulnerability. The results showed that the infrastructure capital stock per capita at provincial level increased significantly during 2004-2017, with a spatial pattern that the north was higher than the south and the east/west was higher than the middle in China. The provincial SES vulnerability was improved, with spatial distribution characteristics of gradually getting worse from east to west in China. There was positive spatial correlation between provincial infrastructure investment and SES vulnerability, with aggregation distribution characteristics. There was inverted U-shaped relationship between infrastructure investment and SES vulnerability in China, that was, the appropriate investment of infrastructure at early could decrease SES vulnerability, while over-investment would increase it. Our results revealed the overall impact mechanism and dynamic characteristics of infrastructure investment on SES vulnerability, and could provide theoretical and policy-making support for the coordination of infrastructure construction and SES vulnerability governance at the macro level for China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Xiong
- School of Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu-Yao Hu
- School of Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Zhou
- School of Business, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Tan
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Lei Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Li A, Chen S. Loss of density dependence underpins decoupling of livestock population and plant biomass in intensive grazing systems. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02450. [PMID: 34515410 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Across the world, social-ecological rangeland systems have been transformed from a preindustrial extensive status to intensive exploitation, often leading to long-term livestock population booms, overgrazing, and rangeland degradation. To understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in such historical social-ecological transformations, we collected population data on the native sheep of the last nomadic county in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (1961-2005). We detected changes in internal feedbacks (e.g., density-dependent effects) and external disturbance (e.g., winter harshness, rainfall, harvest) between the extensive and intensive management periods using regression models of sheep population growth rate and counterfactual analyses. We found that, in the extensive period, sheep populations were regulated during harsh winters by climate, while they were regulated during mild winters by negative density dependence. In the intensive period, the negative feedback of density dependence was removed through the provision of additional forage and shelter, and only winter climate and growing season rainfall regulated sheep populations. Counterfactual analyses also confirmed the irreplaceable role of density-dependence in maintaining a sustainable rangeland ecosystem. Although herders attempted to adapt to the removal of negative feedbacks by improving livestock harvest, overgrazing and grassland degradation remain a challenge in this system. We conclude that internal feedbacks within social-ecological systems should be carefully anticipated and accounted for when managing rangelands for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
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10
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Lambraki IA, Majowicz SE, Parmley EJ, Wernli D, Léger A, Graells T, Cousins M, Harbarth S, Carson C, Henriksson P, Troell M, Jørgensen PS. Building Social-Ecological System Resilience to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance Across the One Health Spectrum: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e24378. [PMID: 34110296 PMCID: PMC8262547 DOI: 10.2196/24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global crisis with serious health, social, and economic consequences. Building social-ecological system resilience to reduce AMR and mitigate its impacts is critical. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare and assess interventions that address AMR across the One Health spectrum and determine what actions will help to build social and ecological capacity and readiness to sustainably tackle AMR. METHODS We will apply social-ecological resilience theory to AMR in an explicit One Health context using mixed methods and identify interventions that address AMR and its key pressure antimicrobial use (AMU) identified in the scientific literature and in the gray literature using a web-based survey. Intervention impacts and the factors that challenge or contribute to the success of interventions will be determined, triangulated against expert opinions in participatory workshops and complemented using quantitative time series analyses. We will then identify indicators using regression modeling, which can predict national and regional AMU or AMR dynamics across animal and human health. Together, these analyses will help to quantify the causal loop diagrams (CLDs) of AMR in the European and Southeast Asian food system contexts that are developed by diverse stakeholders in participatory workshops. Then, using these CLDs, the long-term impacts of selected interventions on AMR will be explored under alternate future scenarios via simulation modeling and participatory workshops. A publicly available learning platform housing information about interventions on AMR from a One Health perspective will be developed to help decision makers identify promising interventions for application in their jurisdictions. RESULTS To date, 669 interventions have been identified in the scientific literature, 891 participants received a survey invitation, and 4 expert feedback and 4 model-building workshops have been conducted. Time series analysis, regression modeling of national and regional indicators of AMR dynamics, and scenario modeling activities are anticipated to be completed by spring 2022. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Waterloo's Office of Research Ethics (ethics numbers 40519 and 41781). CONCLUSIONS This paper provides an example of how to study complex problems such as AMR, which require the integration of knowledge across sectors and disciplines to find sustainable solutions. We anticipate that our study will contribute to a better understanding of what actions to take and in what contexts to ensure long-term success in mitigating AMR and its impact and provide useful tools (eg, CLDs, simulation models, and public databases of compiled interventions) to guide management and policy decisions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Anna Lambraki
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Jane Parmley
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Didier Wernli
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Léger
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tiscar Graells
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Cousins
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolee Carson
- Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Patrik Henriksson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Fan J, Mo Y, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Su D. Evaluation of Community Resilience in Rural China-Taking Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou as an Example. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115827. [PMID: 34071604 PMCID: PMC8198113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resilience of rural communities is becoming increasingly important to contemporary society. In this study we used a quantitative method to measure the resilience regulating ability of rural communities close to urban areas-in Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou City, China. The main results are as follows: (1) Rural systems close to urban areas display superior adapting and learning abilities and have a stronger overall resilience strength, the spatial distribution of which is characterized by dispersion in whole and aggregation in part; (2) the resilience of most rural economic subsystems can reach moderate or higher levels with apparent spatial agglomeration, whilst the ecological subsystem resilience and social resilience are generally weaker; the spatial distribution of the former shows a greater regional difference while the latter is in a layered layout; (3) some strategies such as rebuilding a stable ecological pattern, making use of urban resources and cultivating rural subjectivity are proposed on this basis, in order to promote the sustainable development of rural areas and realize rural revitalization. This work also gives suggestion for the creation of appropriate and effective resilience standards specifically targeted for rural community-aiming to achieve the delivery of local sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Fan
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China; (J.F.); (D.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - You Mo
- China City Development Academy, Beijing 100009, China;
| | - Yunnan Cai
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China; (J.F.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yabo Zhao
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China; (J.F.); (D.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518034, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Dongchen Su
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China; (J.F.); (D.S.)
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12
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Lenton TM, Kohler TA, Marquet PA, Boyle RA, Crucifix M, Wilkinson DM, Scheffer M. Survival of the Systems. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:333-344. [PMID: 33414020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since Darwin, individuals and more recently genes, have been the focus of evolutionary thinking. The idea that selection operates on nonreproducing, higher-level systems including ecosystems or societies, has met with scepticism. But research emphasising that natural selection can be based solely on differential persistence invites reconsideration of their evolution. Self-perpetuating feedback cycles involving biotic as well as abiotic components are critical to determining persistence. Evolution of autocatalytic networks of molecules is well studied, but the principles hold for any 'self-perpetuating' system. Ecosystem examples include coral reefs, rainforests, and savannahs. Societal examples include agricultural systems, dominant belief systems, and economies. Persistence-based selection of feedbacks can help us understand how ecological and societal systems survive or fail in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Lenton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - Timothy A Kohler
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA; Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO 81321, USA
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Centro de Cambio Global UC, Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard A Boyle
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Michel Crucifix
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David M Wilkinson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK; Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Santamaría-Holek I, Castaño V. Possible fates of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mexican context. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200886. [PMID: 33047049 PMCID: PMC7540779 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the adequate time for house confinement and when social distancing restrictions should end are now two of the main challenges that any country has to face in an ongoing battle against SARS-CoV-2. The possibility of a new outbreak of the pandemic and how to avoid it is, nowadays, one of the primary objectives of epidemiological research. In this work, we present an innovative compartmental model that explicitly introduces the number of active cases, and employ it as a conceptual tool to explore the possible fates of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mexican context. We incorporated the impact of starting, inattention and end of restrictive social policies on the pandemic's time evolution via time-dependent corrections to the infection rates. The magnitude and impact on the epidemic due to post-social restrictive policies are also studied. The scenarios generated by the model could help authorities determine an adequate time and population load that may be allowed to reassume normal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Santamaría-Holek
- UMDI-J, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, México
| | - V Castaño
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro CP 76230, México
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Abstract
Global scenario assessments in support of climate, biodiversity, energy and other international policy deliberations tend to focus on a narrow bandwidth of possibilities: futures that unfold gradually from current patterns and trends. This “continuity bias” downplays the real risks (and opportunities) of structural discontinuity in the evolution of the global social-ecological system. The inclination to focus on mathematically tractable representations and conventional futures preferred by decision-makers is understandable, but constrains the scientific imagination and the scope of policy guidance. Earlier studies spotlighted discontinuous global futures, thereby revealing a broader spectrum of possibilities and repertoire of actions than found in contemporary scenario analysis. The paper revisits three types of futures introduced 25 years ago; examines three truths they convey about the contemporary moment; and points to three courses of action they suggest. Contemporary assessments centre on incrementally changing Conventional Worlds, yet varieties of global disruption (Barbarization) and progressive transformation (Great Transition) remain plausible alternatives. Corresponding to this triad, three synergistic action prongs—reform (incremental policies), remediation (emergency preparedness and prevention), and redesign (deep cultural and institutional change)—come into focus. Recovering a comprehensive perspective on the global possible would reinvigorate debate on the kind of transformation needed, broaden the action agenda, and stimulate innovative research for illuminating our indeterminate future. The COVID-19 pandemic, a concrete illustration of historical discontinuity, underscores the critical importance of emphasizing nonconventional futures in policy assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Raskin
- Tellus Institute, 2 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Rob Swart
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB 9101, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ringsmuth AK, Lade SJ, Schlüter M. Cross-scale cooperation enables sustainable use of a common-pool resource. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191943. [PMID: 31640507 PMCID: PMC6834039 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In social-ecological systems (SESs), social and biophysical dynamics interact within and between the levels of organization at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Cross-scale interactions (CSIs) are interdependences between processes at different scales, generating behaviour unpredictable at single scales. Understanding CSIs is important for improving SES governance, but they remain understudied. Theoretical models are needed that capture essential features while being simple enough to yield insights into mechanisms. In a stylized model, we study CSIs in a two-level system of weakly interacting communities harvesting a common-pool resource. Community members adaptively conform to, or defect from, a norm of socially optimal harvesting, enforced through social sanctioning both within and between communities. We find that each subsystem's dynamics depend sensitively on the other despite interactions being much weaker between subsystems than within them. When interaction is purely biophysical, stably high cooperation in one community can cause cooperation in the other to collapse. However, even weak social interaction can prevent the collapse of cooperation and instead cause collapse of defection. We identify conditions under which subsystem-level cooperation produces desirable system-level outcomes. Our findings expand evidence that collaboration is important for sustainably managing shared resources, showing its importance even when resource sharing and social relationships are weak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Lade
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Maja Schlüter
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Shepon A, Henriksson PJG, Wu T. Conceptualizing a Sustainable Food System in an Automated World: Toward a "Eudaimonian" Future. Front Nutr 2018; 5:104. [PMID: 30456214 PMCID: PMC6230576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrialized world has entered a new era of widespread automation, and although this may create long-term gains in economic productivity and wealth accumulation, many professions are expected to disappear during the ensuing shift, leading to potentially significant disruptions in labor markets and associated socioeconomic difficulties. Food production, like many other industrial sectors, has also undergone a century of mechanization, having moved toward increasingly large-scale monoculture production—especially in developed economies—with higher yields but detrimental environmental impacts on a global scale. Certain characteristics of the food sector and its products cast doubts on whether future automation will influence it in the same ways as in other sectors. We conceptualize a model of future food production within the socioeconomic conditions created by widespread automation. We ideate that despite immediate shocks to the economy, in the long run higher productivity can free up human activity to be channeled toward more interactive, skill-intensive food production systems, where communal efforts can reduce industrial reliance, diversify farming, and reconnect people to the biosphere—a realization of human well-being that resembles the classical philosophical ideal of Eudaimonia. We explore food production concepts, such as communal gardens and polyculture, and the economic conditions and institutions needed to underwrite them [e.g., a universal basic income (UBI)]. However, arguments can be raised as to why social-ecological systems would benefit from more labor-intensive food production. In this paper we: (1) discuss the current state of the food system and the need to reform it in light of its environmental and social impacts; (2) present automation as a lever that could move society toward more sustainable food production; (3) highlight the beneficial attributes of a Eudaimonian model; and (4) discuss the potential challenges to its implementation. Our purpose is to highlight a possible outcome that future research will need to refine and expand based on evidence and successful case studies. The ultimate aim is to promote a food system that can provide food security while staying within the safe operating space of planetary boundaries, produce more nutritious diets, enhance social capital, and reconnect communities with the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Shepon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patrik John Gustav Henriksson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Malaysia.,The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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17
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Monk CT, Barbier M, Romanczuk P, Watson JR, Alós J, Nakayama S, Rubenstein DI, Levin SA, Arlinghaus R. How ecology shapes exploitation: a framework to predict the behavioural response of human and animal foragers along exploration-exploitation trade-offs. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:779-793. [PMID: 29611278 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how humans and other animals behave in response to changes in their environments is vital for predicting population dynamics and the trajectory of coupled social-ecological systems. Here, we present a novel framework for identifying emergent social behaviours in foragers (including humans engaged in fishing or hunting) in predator-prey contexts based on the exploration difficulty and exploitation potential of a renewable natural resource. A qualitative framework is introduced that predicts when foragers should behave territorially, search collectively, act independently or switch among these states. To validate it, we derived quantitative predictions from two models of different structure: a generic mathematical model, and a lattice-based evolutionary model emphasising exploitation and exclusion costs. These models independently identified that the exploration difficulty and exploitation potential of the natural resource controls the social behaviour of resource exploiters. Our theoretical predictions were finally compared to a diverse set of empirical cases focusing on fisheries and aquatic organisms across a range of taxa, substantiating the framework's predictions. Understanding social behaviour for given social-ecological characteristics has important implications, particularly for the design of governance structures and regulations to move exploited systems, such as fisheries, towards sustainability. Our framework provides concrete steps in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Monk
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthieu Barbier
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France
| | - Pawel Romanczuk
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, USA
| | - James R Watson
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere programme, Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Josep Alós
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Shinnosuke Nakayama
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, USA
| | - Daniel I Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, USA
| | - Simon A Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, & Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environmental Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Lade SJ, Haider LJ, Engström G, Schlüter M. Resilience offers escape from trapped thinking on poverty alleviation. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1603043. [PMID: 28508077 PMCID: PMC5415336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The poverty trap concept strongly influences current research and policy on poverty alleviation. Financial or technological inputs intended to "push" the rural poor out of a poverty trap have had many successes but have also failed unexpectedly with serious ecological and social consequences that can reinforce poverty. Resilience thinking can help to (i) understand how these failures emerge from the complex relationships between humans and the ecosystems on which they depend and (ii) navigate diverse poverty alleviation strategies, such as transformative change, that may instead be required. First, we review commonly observed or assumed social-ecological relationships in rural development contexts, focusing on economic, biophysical, and cultural aspects of poverty. Second, we develop a classification of poverty alleviation strategies using insights from resilience research on social-ecological change. Last, we use these advances to develop stylized, multidimensional poverty trap models. The models show that (i) interventions that ignore nature and culture can reinforce poverty (particularly in agrobiodiverse landscapes), (ii) transformative change can instead open new pathways for poverty alleviation, and (iii) asset inputs may be effective in other contexts (for example, where resource degradation and poverty are tightly interlinked). Our model-based approach and insights offer a systematic way to review the consequences of the causal mechanisms that characterize poverty traps in different agricultural contexts and identify appropriate strategies for rural development challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Lade
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author. (S.J.L.); (L.J.H.)
| | - L. Jamila Haider
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (S.J.L.); (L.J.H.)
| | - Gustav Engström
- The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics and Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Schlüter
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Anthony KRN, Marshall PA, Abdulla A, Beeden R, Bergh C, Black R, Eakin CM, Game ET, Gooch M, Graham NAJ, Green A, Heron SF, van Hooidonk R, Knowland C, Mangubhai S, Marshall N, Maynard JA, McGinnity P, McLeod E, Mumby PJ, Nyström M, Obura D, Oliver J, Possingham HP, Pressey RL, Rowlands GP, Tamelander J, Wachenfeld D, Wear S. Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral reef management under global environmental change. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:48-61. [PMID: 25196132 PMCID: PMC4310291 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative pressures from global climate and ocean change combined with multiple regional and local-scale stressors pose fundamental challenges to coral reef managers worldwide. Understanding how cumulative stressors affect coral reef vulnerability is critical for successful reef conservation now and in the future. In this review, we present the case that strategically managing for increased ecological resilience (capacity for stress resistance and recovery) can reduce coral reef vulnerability (risk of net decline) up to a point. Specifically, we propose an operational framework for identifying effective management levers to enhance resilience and support management decisions that reduce reef vulnerability. Building on a system understanding of biological and ecological processes that drive resilience of coral reefs in different environmental and socio-economic settings, we present an Adaptive Resilience-Based management (ARBM) framework and suggest a set of guidelines for how and where resilience can be enhanced via management interventions. We argue that press-type stressors (pollution, sedimentation, overfishing, ocean warming and acidification) are key threats to coral reef resilience by affecting processes underpinning resistance and recovery, while pulse-type (acute) stressors (e.g. storms, bleaching events, crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks) increase the demand for resilience. We apply the framework to a set of example problems for Caribbean and Indo-Pacific reefs. A combined strategy of active risk reduction and resilience support is needed, informed by key management objectives, knowledge of reef ecosystem processes and consideration of environmental and social drivers. As climate change and ocean acidification erode the resilience and increase the vulnerability of coral reefs globally, successful adaptive management of coral reefs will become increasingly difficult. Given limited resources, on-the-ground solutions are likely to focus increasingly on actions that support resilience at finer spatial scales, and that are tightly linked to ecosystem goods and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R N Anthony
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Conducting science for practical ends implicates scientists, whether they wish it or not, as agents in social-ecological systems, raising ethical, economic, environmental, and political issues. Considering these issues helps scientists to increase the relevance and sustainability of research outcomes. As we rise to the worthy call to connect basic research with food production, scientists have the opportunity to evaluate alternative food production paradigms and consider how our research funds and efforts are best employed. In this contribution, we review some of the problems produced by science conducted in service of industrial agriculture and its associated economic growth paradigm. We discuss whether the new concept of "ecological intensification" can rescue the industrial agriculture/growth paradigm and present an emerging alternative paradigm of decentralized, localized, biodiversity-promoting agriculture for a steady-state economy. This "custom fit" agriculture engages constructively with complex and highly localized ecosystems, and we draw from examples of published work to demonstrate how ecologists can contribute by using approaches that acknowledge local agricultural practices and draw on community participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Reynolds
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | | | - James R Farmer
- Department of Recreation, Park & Tourism Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
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21
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Gilioli G, Caroli AM, Tikubet G, Herren HR, Baumgärtner J. Implementation of a socio-ecological system navigation approach to human development in sub-saharan african communities. J Public Health Res 2014; 3:218. [PMID: 25170511 PMCID: PMC4140384 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2014.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a framework for the development of socio-ecological systems towards enhanced sustainability. Emphasis is given to the dynamic properties of complex, adaptive social-ecological systems, their structure and to the fundamental role of agriculture. The tangible components that meet the needs of specific projects executed in Kenya and Ethiopia encompass project objectives, innovation, facilitation, continuous recording and analyses of monitoring data, that allow adaptive management and system navigation. Two case studies deal with system navigation through the mitigation of key constraints; they aim to improve human health thanks to anopheline malaria vectors control in Nyabondo (Kenya), and to improve cattle health through tsetse control and antitrypanosomal drug administration to cattle in Luke (Ethiopia). The second case deals with a socio-ecological navigation system to enhance sustainability, establishing a periurban diversified enterprise in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and developing a rural sustainable social-ecological system in Luke (Ethiopia). The project procedures are briefly described here and their outcomes are analysed in relation to the stated objectives. The methodology for human and cattle disease vector control were easier to implement than the navigation of social-ecological systems towards sustainability enhancement. The achievements considerably differed between key constraints removal and sustainability enhancement projects. Some recommendations are made to rationalise human and cattle health improvement efforts and to smoothen the road towards enhanced sustainability: i) technology system implementation should be carried out through an innovation system; ii) transparent monitoring information should be continuously acquired and evaluated for assessing the state of the system in relation to stated objectives for (a) improving the insight into the systems behaviour and (b) rationalizing decision support; iii) the different views of all stakeholders should be reconciled in a pragmatic approach to social-ecological system management. Significance for public health Recently, there is a growing interest in studying the link between human, animal and environmental health. The connection between these different dimensions is particularly important for developing countries in which people face the challenge of escaping vicious cycle of high diseases prevalence, food insecurity driven by absolute poverty and population growth, and natural capital as a poverty trap. The design and implementation of such efforts, aiming at human health improvement and poverty alleviation, should be framed into adaptive social-ecological system management perspectives. In this paper, we present few case studies dealing with human health improvement through anopheline malaria vectors control in Kenya, cattle health improvement through tsetse vectored nagana control, antitrypanosomal drug administration to cattle in Ethiopia and with the development of rural sustainable communities in Ethiopia. Some recommendations are given to rationalise human and cattle health improvement efforts and to smoothen the road towards enhanced sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Gilioli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Brescia , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Brescia , Italy
| | - Getachew Tikubet
- African Bioeconomy Capacity Development Institute, BioEconomy Africa , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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22
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Bunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, Hailu F, Milner-Gulland EJ. Incentivizing monitoring and compliance in trophy hunting. Conserv Biol 2013; 27:1344-1354. [PMID: 24001054 PMCID: PMC4265855 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on the implications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has been suggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show that overharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophy hunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertainties generated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: the safari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompasses the population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. We investigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies. Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, but poaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interests of companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging community members as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond which the year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a role for government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this level is not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholders when designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address the particular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily. Incentivando el Monitoreo y el Cumplimiento en la Caza de Trofeos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bunnefeld
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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23
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Abstract
This article presents a systematic framework to identify barriers that may impede the process of adaptation to climate change. The framework targets the process of planned adaptation and focuses on potentially challenging but malleable barriers. Three key sets of components create the architecture for the framework. First, a staged depiction of an idealized, rational approach to adaptation decision-making makes up the process component. Second, a set of interconnected structural elements includes the actors, the larger context in which they function (e.g., governance), and the object on which they act (the system of concern that is exposed to climate change). At each of these stages, we ask (i) what could impede the adaptation process and (ii) how do the actors, context, and system of concern contribute to the barrier. To facilitate the identification of barriers, we provide a series of diagnostic questions. Third, the framework is completed by a simple matrix to help locate points of intervention to overcome a given barrier. It provides a systematic starting point for answering critical questions about how to support climate change adaptation at all levels of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C Moser
- Susanne Moser Research and Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
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