1
|
François S, Hill SC, Perrins CM, Pybus OG. Characterization of the genomic sequence of a circo-like virus and of three chaphamaparvoviruses detected in mute swan ( Cygnus olor). Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0118623. [PMID: 38376411 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01186-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genomes of four ssDNA viruses: a circular replication-associated protein-encoding single-stranded DNA virus belonging to a clade previously detected only in mammals, and three chaphamaparvoviruses, which were detected by viromic surveillance of mute swan (Cygnus olor) fecal samples from the United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah François
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lewin AC, Riedel RM, Queiroz-Williams P, Carter RT. Successful Surgical Removal of the Crystalline Lenses in a Black-Necked Swan ( Cygnus melancoryphus). J Avian Med Surg 2023; 37:41-45. [PMID: 37358201 DOI: 10.1647/22-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A captive-bred, adult, male, black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) was presented for evaluation of apparent vision loss due to cataract formation of an unknown duration. The animal was having difficulty navigating its enclosure, and lenticular opacities had been previously noted in both eyes. On examination, bilateral hypermature cataracts were diagnosed. Following preoperative diagnostic testing, surgical removal of the crystalline lenses in both eyes was performed using minor modifications of standard techniques. Follow-up examination and behavioral observation at 60 days postsurgery indicated that vision had been successfully restored without complications. We conclude that successful surgical removal of cataracts is possible in this species using modifications of standard techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA,
| | | | - Patricia Queiroz-Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O’Dea CM, Lavery PS, Webster CL, McMahon KM. Increased extent of waterfowl grazing lengthens the recovery time of a colonizing seagrass ( Halophila ovalis) with implications for seagrass resilience. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:947109. [PMID: 36105704 PMCID: PMC9465301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100% removal from 1 m2 plots) at four locations in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia during summer and tracked the recovery of seagrass over 3 months, using seagrass cover as the main measure of recovery. We found that seagrass recovered within 4-6 weeks from the lower grazing intensities (25 and 50%) and 7-19 weeks from the higher grazing intensities (75 and 100%) across the estuary. Increased grazing intensity led to not only longer recovery times (RTs), but also greater variability in the RT among experimental locations. The RT from the higher grazing intensities at one location in particular was more than double other locations. Seagrass recovery was through vegetative mechanisms and not through sexual reproduction. There was a significant grazing treatment effect on seagrass meadow characteristics, particularly belowground biomass which had not recovered 3 months following grazing. As the pressure of climate change on estuarine environments increases, these quantified RTs for seagrass provide a baseline for understanding grazing pressure as a singular disturbance. Future work can now examine how grazing and other potentially interacting pressures in our changing climate could impact seagrass recovery even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M. O’Dea
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Aquatic Science Branch, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S. Lavery
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chanelle L. Webster
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn M. McMahon
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Lv X, Li Y, Xie L, Peng P, An Q, Fu T, Qin S, Cui Y, Zhang C, Qin R, Qu F, Zhao Z, Wang M, Xu Q, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Zheng H, Ma E, Zhou R, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Wang Y, Chu D, Li Y, Chai H. Emergence, prevalence, and evolution of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in central China, 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 11:73-82. [PMID: 34825854 PMCID: PMC8725850 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses have caused several worldwide outbreaks in birds and are able cross the species barrier to infect humans, posing a substantial threat to public health. After the first detection of H5N8 viruses in deceased swans in Inner Mongolia, we performed early warning and active monitoring along swan migration routes in central China. We isolated and sequenced 42 avian influenza viruses, including 40 H5N8 viruses, 1 H5N2 virus, and 1 H9N2 virus, in central China. Our H5N8 viruses isolated in swan stopover sites and wintering grounds showed high nucleotide homologies in the whole genome, revealing a common evolutionary source. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b prevalent in 2020 have further diverged into two sub-clades: b1 and b2. The phylogeographic analysis also showed that the viruses of sub-clade b2 most likely originated from poultry in Russia. Notably, whooper swans were found to be responsible for the introduction of sub-clade b2 viruses in central China; whooper and tundra swans play a role in viral spread in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, respectively. Our findings highlight swans as an indicator species for transborder spreading and monitoring of the H5N8 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Xie
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing An
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Fu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Sanmenxia Administration of the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River Wetland, Sanmenxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Ordos Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ordos, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Qin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Qu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenliang Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzi Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Enda Ma
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zhou
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldrey V, Stanford M, Bacon H. A comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of intravenous ketamine-xylazine with alfaxalone in mute swans (Cygnus olor) presenting at a wildlife veterinary hospital. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:716-724. [PMID: 34340944 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone with ketamine-xylazine combination on anaesthetic induction, recovery and cardiopulmonary variables in mute swans. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, controlled, clinical study. ANIMALS A group of 58 mute swans. METHODS Swans were given either alfaxalone (10 mg kg-1; group A) or a combination of ketamine (12.5 mg kg-1) and xylazine (0.28 mg kg-1) (group KX) IV. Heart and respiratory rates, end-tidal carbon dioxide and peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation were recorded at 5 minute intervals during anaesthesia. Time from anaesthetic induction to intubation, from cessation of isoflurane to extubation, to lifting head, sternal recumbency and absence of head/neck ataxia were recorded. Anaesthetic and recovery quality were scored (1 = very poor; 5 = excellent). Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS In group A, 44% (12/27) of swans required mechanical ventilation for 2-14 minutes versus 3.2% (1/31) of swans in group KX (p = 0.0002). Heart rate was higher in group A than in group KX [146 (127-168) versus 65.5 (56-78) beats minute-1, respectively; p < 0.0001]. The isoflurane concentration required to maintain anaesthesia was higher in group A than in group KX [2.5% (2.0-3.0%) versus 1.5% (1.0-2.0%), respectively; p = 0.0001]. Time from cessation of isoflurane administration to lifting head was significantly longer in group A than in group KX [12 (9-17) versus 6 (4-7.75) minutes, respectively; p < 0.0001]. Anaesthesia quality scores were significantly better in group KX than in group A [4 (4-5) versus 4 (3-4), respectively; p = 0.0011], as were recovery scores [4 (3-5) versus 2 (2-3), respectively; p = 0.0005]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alfaxalone is a suitable anaesthetic induction agent for use in mute swans. There is a greater incidence of postinduction apnoea and a higher incidence of agitation on recovery with alfaxalone than with ketamine-xylazine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Baldrey
- Beaumont Sainsbury Animal Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
| | - Michael Stanford
- The Veterinary Defence Society Ltd, Knutsford, Cheshire, WA16 8XZ, UK
| | - Heather Bacon
- The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li L, Bowman AS, DeLiberto TJ, Killian ML, Krauss S, Nolting JM, Torchetti MK, Ramey AM, Reeves AB, Stallknecht DE, Webby RJ, Wan XF. Genetic Evidence Supports Sporadic and Independent Introductions of Subtype H5 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds to Domestic Poultry in North America. J Virol 2018; 92:e00913-18. [PMID: 30045988 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00913-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-bird origin influenza A viruses (IAVs or avian influenza) have led to sporadic outbreaks among domestic poultry in the United States and Canada, resulting in economic losses through the implementation of costly containment practices and destruction of birds. We used evolutionary analyses of virus sequence data to determine that 78 H5 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from domestic poultry in the United States and Canada during 2001 to 2017 resulted from 18 independent virus introductions from wild birds. Within the wild-bird reservoir, the hemagglutinin gene segments of H5 LPAIVs exist primarily as two cocirculating genetic sublineages, and our findings suggest that the H5 gene segments flow within each migratory bird flyway and among adjacent flyways, with limited exchange between the nonadjacent Atlantic and Pacific Flyways. Phylogeographic analyses provided evidence that IAVs from dabbling ducks and swans/geese contributed to the emergence of viruses among domestic poultry. H5 LPAIVs isolated from commercial farm poultry (i.e., turkey) that were descended from a single introduction typically remained a single genotype, whereas those from live-bird markets sometimes led to multiple genotypes, reflecting the potential for reassortment with other IAVs circulating within live-bird markets. H5 LPAIVs introduced from wild birds to domestic poultry represent economic threats to the U.S. poultry industry, and our data suggest that such introductions have been sporadic, controlled effectively through production monitoring and a stamping-out policy, and are, therefore, unlikely to result in sustained detections in commercial poultry operations.IMPORTANCE Integration of viral genome sequencing into influenza surveillance for wild birds and domestic poultry can elucidate evolutionary pathways of economically costly poultry pathogens. Evolutionary analyses of H5 LPAIVs detected in domestic poultry in the United States and Canada during 2001 to 2017 suggest that these viruses originated from repeated introductions of IAVs from wild birds, followed by various degrees of reassortment. Reassortment was observed where biosecurity was low and where opportunities for more than one virus to circulate existed (e.g., congregations of birds from different premises, such as live-bird markets). None of the H5 lineages identified were maintained for the long term in domestic poultry, suggesting that management strategies have been effective in minimizing the impacts of virus introductions on U.S. poultry production.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lakes KD, Swanson JM, Riggs M. The reliability and validity of the English and Spanish Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal behavior rating scales in a preschool sample: continuum measures of hyperactivity and inattention. J Atten Disord 2012; 16:510-6. [PMID: 21807955 PMCID: PMC3575190 DOI: 10.1177/1087054711413550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability and validity of the English and Spanish versions of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptom and Normal-behavior (SWAN) rating scale. METHOD Parents of preschoolers completed both a SWAN and the well-established Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) on two separate occasions over a span of 3 months; instruments were in the primary language of the family (English or Spanish). RESULTS Psychometric properties for the English and Spanish versions of the SWAN were adequate, with high internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability. Skewness and kurtosis statistics for the SWAN were within the range expected for a normally distributed population. The SWAN also demonstrated adequate convergent and discriminant validity in correlations with the various subscales of the SDQ. CONCLUSION Psychometric properties of both the English and Spanish versions of the SWAN indicate that it is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring child attention and hyperactivity. The stability of ratings over time in this preschool sample was moderate, which may reflect the relative instability of these characteristics in preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matt Riggs
- California State University, San Bernardino, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciccarese P, Wu E, Kinoshita J, Wong GT, Ocana M, Ruttenberg A, Clark T. The SWAN biomedical discourse ontology. J Biomed Inform 2008; 41:739-51. [PMID: 18583197 PMCID: PMC4536833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing cures for highly complex diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration and exchange of biomedical information in context. Our ability to exchange such information across sub-specialties today is limited by the current scientific knowledge ecosystem's inability to properly contextualize and integrate data and discourse in machine-interpretable form. This inherently limits the productivity of research and the progress toward cures for devastating diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. SWAN (Semantic Web Applications in Neuromedicine) is an interdisciplinary project to develop a practical, common, semantically structured, framework for biomedical discourse initially applied, but not limited, to significant problems in Alzheimer Disease (AD) research. The SWAN ontology has been developed in the context of building a series of applications for biomedical researchers, as well as in extensive discussions and collaborations with the larger bio-ontologies community. In this paper, we present and discuss the SWAN ontology of biomedical discourse. We ground its development theoretically, present its design approach, explain its main classes and their application, and show its relationship to other ongoing activities in biomedicine and bio-ontologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciccarese
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Elizabeth Wu
- Alzheimer Research Forum Foundation, Boston MA 02109 USA
| | - June Kinoshita
- Alzheimer Research Forum Foundation, Boston MA 02109 USA
| | | | - Marco Ocana
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129 USA
| | | | - Tim Clark
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA 02129 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|