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Singh VK, Seed TM. The potential value of 5-androstenediol in countering acute radiation syndrome. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103856. [PMID: 38097137 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Moderate-to-high doses of ionizing irradiation can lead to potentially life-threatening morbidities and increase mortality risk. In preclinical testing, 5-androstenediol has been shown to be effective in protecting against hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. This agent is important for innate immunity, serves to modulate cell cycle progression, reduces radiation-induced apoptosis, and regulates DNA repair. The drug has been evaluated clinically for its pharmacokinetics and safety. The United States Food and Drug Administration granted investigational new drug status to its injectable depot formulation (NEUMUNE). Its safety and efficacy profiles make it an attractive candidate for further development as a radiation countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Thomas M Seed
- Tech Micro Services, 4417 Maple Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, Wise SY, Petrus SA, Tyburski JB, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Metabolomic Changes in Plasma of Preterminal Stage of Rhesus Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Lethal Dose of Radiation. Metabolites 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 38248821 PMCID: PMC10819041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation exposure is known to induce molecular and cellular injury, inflicting a cascade of potentially catastrophic events leading to tissue and organ damage. Metabolomic analysis allows for the identification and quantification of small molecules downstream of genomic changes induced by radiation exposure. We aimed to characterize metabolomic changes that underscore the prefinal stage of lethally irradiated rhesus nonhuman primates (NHPs). Peripheral blood was drawn at baseline, post-exposure, as well as at the preterminal stage in NHPs (immediately prior to death in moribund NHPs) that did not survive exposure with 7.2 Gy total-body radiation (LD70/60). Herein, we analyzed global metabolomic changes using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) in plasma samples of NHPs collected at various timepoints in relation to irradiation. The overall goal was to identify metabolic shifts present immediately prior to death. Our findings showed radiation induced significant time-dependent metabolic perturbations when compared to pre-irradiation profiles, particularly in glycerophospholipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. These findings provide valuable insights for identifying biomarkers for lethality, which may be helpful for triage during a mass casualty scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana D. Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.D.C.)
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.D.C.)
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.D.C.)
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sarah A. Petrus
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.D.C.)
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.D.C.)
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Carpenter AD, Li Y, Janocha BL, Wise SY, Fatanmi OO, Maniar M, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Analysis of the Proteomic Profile in Serum of Irradiated Nonhuman Primates Treated with Ex-Rad, a Radiation Medical Countermeasure. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1116-1126. [PMID: 36977373 PMCID: PMC10088047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
There are currently four radiation medical countermeasures that have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, all of which are repurposed radiomitigators. The evaluation of additional candidate drugs that may also be helpful for use during a radiological/nuclear emergency is ongoing. A chlorobenzyl sulfone derivative (organosulfur compound) known as Ex-Rad, or ON01210, is one such candidate medical countermeasure, being a novel, small-molecule kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in the murine model. In this study, nonhuman primates exposed to ionizing radiation were subsequently administered Ex-Rad as two treatment schedules (Ex-Rad I administered 24 and 36 h post-irradiation, and Ex-Rad II administered 48 and 60 h post-irradiation) and the proteomic profiles of serum using a global molecular profiling approach were assessed. We observed that administration of Ex-Rad post-irradiation is capable of mitigating radiation-induced perturbations in protein abundance, particularly in restoring protein homeostasis, immune response, and mitigating hematopoietic damage, at least in part after acute exposure. Taken together, restoration of functionally significant pathway perturbations may serve to protect damage to vital organs and provide long-term survival benefits to the afflicted population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Brianna L Janocha
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Manoj Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., 375 Pheasant Run, Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940, United States
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
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Garg TK, Garg S, Miousse IR, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, van Rhee F, Singh VK, Hauer-Jensen M. Gamma-Tocotrienol Modulates Total-Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury in a Nonhuman Primate Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416170. [PMID: 36555814 PMCID: PMC9784560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure causes acute damage to hematopoietic and immune cells. To date, there are no radioprotectors available to mitigate hematopoietic injury after radiation exposure. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) has demonstrated promising radioprotective efficacy in the mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) models. We determined GT3-mediated hematopoietic recovery in total-body irradiated (TBI) NHPs. Sixteen rhesus macaques divided into two groups received either vehicle or GT3, 24 h prior to TBI. Four animals in each treatment group were exposed to either 4 or 5.8 Gy TBI. Flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype the bone marrow (BM) lymphoid cell populations, while clonogenic ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assays on day 8 prior to irradiation and days 2, 7, 14, and 30 post-irradiation. Both radiation doses showed significant changes in the frequencies of B and T-cell subsets, including the self-renewable capacity of HSCs. Importantly, GT3 accelerated the recovery in CD34+ cells, increased HSC function as shown by improved recovery of CFU-granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM) and burst-forming units erythroid (B-FUE), and aided the recovery of circulating neutrophils and platelets. These data elucidate the role of GT3 in hematopoietic recovery, which should be explored as a potential medical countermeasure to mitigate radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K. Garg
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sarita Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alana D. Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Frits van Rhee
- UAMS Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence: (V.K.S.); (M.H.-J.); Tel.: +1-301-295-2347 (V.K.S.); +1-501-686-7912 (M.H.-J.); Fax: +1-501-421-0022 (M.H.-J.)
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (V.K.S.); (M.H.-J.); Tel.: +1-301-295-2347 (V.K.S.); +1-501-686-7912 (M.H.-J.); Fax: +1-501-421-0022 (M.H.-J.)
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Vellichirammal NN, Sethi S, Pandey S, Singh J, Wise SY, Carpenter AD, Fatanmi OO, Guda C, Singh VK. Lung transcriptome of nonhuman primates exposed to total- and partial-body irradiation. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 29:584-598. [PMID: 36090752 PMCID: PMC9418744 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The focus of radiation biodosimetry has changed recently, and a paradigm shift for using molecular technologies of omic platforms in addition to cytogenetic techniques has been observed. In our study, we have used a nonhuman primate model to investigate the impact of a supralethal dose of 12 Gy radiation on alterations in the lung transcriptome. We used 6 healthy and 32 irradiated animal samples to delineate radiation-induced changes. We also used a medical countermeasure, γ-tocotrienol (GT3), to observe any changes. We demonstrate significant radiation-induced changes in the lung transcriptome for total-body irradiation (TBI) and partial-body irradiation (PBI). However, no major influence of GT3 on radiation was noted in either comparison. Several common signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, GADD45, and p53, were upregulated in both exposures. TBI activated DNA-damage-related pathways in the lungs, whereas PTEN signaling was activated after PBI. Our study highlights the various transcriptional profiles associated with γ- and X-ray exposures, and the associated pathways include LXR/RXR activation in TBI, whereas pulmonary wound-healing and pulmonary fibrosis signaling was repressed in PBI. Our study provides important insights into the molecular pathways associated with irradiation that can be further investigated for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Sethi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sanjit Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alana D. Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author Vijay K. Singh, Ph.D., Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Kawaguchi H, Soejima T, Ishibashi N, Akiba T, Hasegawa M, Isobe K, Ito H, Imai M, Ejima Y, Hata M, Sasai K, Shimoda E, Oguchi M, Akimoto T. National survey on total-body irradiation prior to reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation in Japan: The Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group. J Radiat Res 2019; 60:579-585. [PMID: 31125077 PMCID: PMC6805977 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST) minimizes the adverse effects of traditional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and low-dose total-body irradiation (TBI) is administered over a short period prior to RIST (TBI-RIST). Different institutes adopt different approaches for the administration of TBI-RIST, and since no study had previously investigated this issue, a survey of the TBI schedules in Japan was conducted. In October 2015, the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group initiated a national survey of TBI-RIST procedures conducted between 2010 and 2014. Of 186 institutions performing TBI, 90 (48%) responded to the survey, 78 of which performed TBI-RIST. Of 2488 patients who underwent TBI for malignant disease at these institutions, 1412 (56.8%) patients were treated for leukemia, 477 (19.2%) for malignant lymphoma, 453 (18.2) for myelodysplastic syndrome, 44 (1.8%) for multiple myeloma, and 102 (4.1%) for other malignant diseases. Further, 206 (52.0%) of 396 patients (a high proportion of patients) who underwent TBI for benign disease had aplastic anemia. The TBI-RIST equipment and treatment methods were similar to those used for myeloablative regimens. Routinely shielded organs included the lungs (43.6%), eyes (50.0%) and kidneys (10.2%). The ovaries (14.1%), thyroid (6.4%) and testicles (16.7%) were also frequently shielded, possibly reflecting an emphasis on shielding reproductive organs in children. TBI-RIST was performed more frequently than myeloablative conditioning in patients with benign disease. Genital and thyroid shielding were applied more frequently in patients treated with TBI-RIST than in patients treated with myeloablative conditioning. In conclusion, this study indicates the status of TBI-RIST in Japan and can assist future efforts to standardize TBI-RIST treatment methods and to design a future multicenter collaborative research study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawaguchi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kouichi Isobe
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Imai
- Department of Radiology, Iwata City General Hospital, Iwata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ejima
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hata
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Shimoda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Oguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institution Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Takenaka R, Haga A, Yamashita H, Nakagawa K. Adequate target volume in total-body irradiation by intensity-modulated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy: a simulation study. J Radiat Res 2017; 58:210-216. [PMID: 27974508 PMCID: PMC5439372 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been used for total-body irradiation (TBI). Since the planning target volume (PTV) for TBI includes the surrounding air, a dose prescription to the PTV provides high fluence to the body surface. Thus with just a small set-up error, the body might be exposed to a high-fluence beam. This study aims to assess which target volume should be prescribed the dose, such as a clinical target volume (CTV) with a margin, or a CTV that excludes the surface area of the skin. Three treatment plans were created for each patient: the 5-mm clipped plan (Plan A), the 0-mm margin plan (Plan B) and the 5-mm margin plan (Plan C). The CTV was the whole body. PTVs were the CTV with the exception of 5 mm from the skin surface in Plan A, equal to the CTV in Plan B, and the CTV with a 5 mm margin in Plan C. The prescribed dose was 12 Gy in six fractions. To assess the influence of the set-up error, dose distributions were simulated on computed tomography (CT) images shifted 2 pixels (= 4.296 mm), 5 pixels (= 10.74 mm) and 10 pixels (= 21.48 mm) in the lateral direction from the original CT. With a set-up error of 10.74 mm, V110% was 8.8%, 11.1% and 23.3% in Plans A, B and C, respectively. The prescription to the PTV containing the surrounding air can be paradoxically vulnerable to a high-dose as a consequence of a small set-up error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takenaka
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Haga
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideomi Yamashita
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Gridley DS, Pecaut MJ. Changes in the distribution and function of leukocytes after whole-body iron ion irradiation. J Radiat Res 2016; 57:477-491. [PMID: 27380804 PMCID: PMC5045078 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-energy particle radiation could have a considerable impact on health during space missions. This study evaluated C57BL/6 mice on Day 40 after total-body 56Fe26+ irradiation at 0, 1, 2 and 3 gray (Gy). Radiation consistently increased thymus mass (one-way ANOVA: P < 0.005); spleen, liver and lung masses were similar among all groups. In the blood, there was no radiation effect on the white blood cell (WBC) count or major leukocyte types. However, the red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and the CD8+ T cytotoxic (Tc) cell count and percentage all decreased, while both the CD4:CD8 (Th:Tc) cell ratio and spontaneous blastogenesis increased, in one or more irradiated groups compared with unirradiated controls (P < 0.05 vs 0 Gy). In contrast, splenic WBC, lymphocyte, B cell and T helper (Th) counts, %B cells and the CD4:CD8 ratio were all significantly elevated, while Tc percentages decreased, in one or more of the irradiated groups compared with controls (P < 0.05 vs 0 Gy). Although there were trends for minor, radiation-induced increases in %CD11b+ granulocytes in the spleen, cells double-labeled with adhesion markers (CD11b+CD54+, CD11b+CD62E+) were normal. Splenocyte spontaneous blastogenesis and that induced by mitogens (PHA, ConA, LPS) was equivalent to normal. In bone marrow, the percentage of cells expressing stem cell markers, Sca-1 and CD34/Sca-1, were low in one or more of the irradiated groups (P < 0.05 vs 0 Gy). Collectively, the data indicate that significant immunological abnormalities still exist more than a month after 56Fe irradiation and that there are differences dependent upon body compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daila S Gridley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Chan Shun Pavilion, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Chan Shun Pavilion, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Li J, Xu J, Lu Y, Qiu L, Xu W, Lu B, Hu Z, Chu Z, Chai Y, Zhang J. MASM, a Matrine Derivative, Offers Radioprotection by Modulating Lethal Total-Body Irradiation-Induced Multiple Signaling Pathways in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050649. [PMID: 27196884 PMCID: PMC6273364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait and has many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-fibrosis, and immunosuppressive properties. In our previous studies, the matrine derivative MASM was synthesized and exhibited potent inhibitory activity against liver fibrosis. In this study, we mainly investigated its protection against lethal total-body irradiation (TBI) in rats. Administration of MASM reduced the radiation sickness characteristics and increased the 30-day survival of rats before or after lethal TBI. Ultrastructural observation illustrated that pretreatment of rats with MASM significantly attenuated the TBI-induced morphological changes in the different organs of irradiated rats. Gene expression profiles revealed that pretreatment with MASM had a dramatic effect on gene expression changes caused by TBI. Pretreatment with MASM prevented differential expression of 53% (765 genes) of 1445 differentially expressed genes induced by TBI. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in a total of 21 pathways, such as metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Our data indicated that pretreatment of rats with MASM modulated these pathways induced by TBI, suggesting that the pretreatment with MASM might provide the protective effects on lethal TBI mainly or partially through the modulation of these pathways, such as multiple MAPK pathways. Therefore, MASM has the potential to be used as an effective therapeutic or radioprotective agent to minimize irradiation damages and in combination with radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, East Hospital, Dongji University, Shanghai 200085, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weiheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhiyong Chu
- The Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Ninomiya Y, Vares G, Liu Q, Morita A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Chronic restraint-induced stress has little modifying effect on radiation hematopoietic toxicity in mice. J Radiat Res 2015; 56:760-7. [PMID: 26045492 PMCID: PMC4576999 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both radiation and stresses cause detrimental effects on humans. Besides possible health effects resulting directly from radiation exposure, the nuclear plant accident is a cause of social psychological stresses. A recent study showed that chronic restraint-induced stresses (CRIS) attenuated Trp53 functions and increased carcinogenesis susceptibility of Trp53-heterozygous mice to total-body X-irradiation (TBXI), having a big impact on the academic world and a sensational effect on the public, especially the residents living in radioactively contaminated areas. It is important to investigate the possible modification effects from CRIS on radiation-induced health consequences in Trp53 wild-type (Trp53wt) animals. Prior to a carcinogenesis study, effects of TBXI on the hematopoietic system under CRIS were investigated in terms of hematological abnormality in the peripheral blood and residual damage in the bone marrow erythrocytes using a mouse restraint model. Five-week-old male Trp53wt C57BL/6J mice were restrained 6 h per day for 28 consecutive days, and TBXI (4 Gy) was given on the 8th day. Results showed that CRIS alone induced a marked decrease in the red blood cell (RBC) and the white blood cell (WBC) count, while TBXI caused significantly lower counts of RBCs, WBCs and blood platelets, and a lower concentration of hemoglobin regardless of CRIS. CRIS alone did not show any significant effect on erythrocyte proliferation and on induction of micronucleated erythrocytes, whereas TBXI markedly inhibited erythrocyte proliferation and induced a significant increase in the incidences of micronucleated erythrocytes, regardless of CRIS. These findings suggest that CRIS does not have a significant impact on radiation-induced detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system in Trp53wt mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Akinori Morita
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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11
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Kawashima H, Ogose A, Hotta T, Imai C, Imamura M, Endo N. Secondary osteosarcoma arising from osteochondroma following autologous stem cell transplantation with total-body irradiation for neuroblastoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1026-1030. [PMID: 26622619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the first case of malignant transformation to osteosarcoma arising from osteochondroma following childhood total-body irradiation (TBI). The association between TBI and later development of osteochondroma is well-known; however, malignant degeneration arising from radiation-induced osteochondroma is rare. The current study describes the case of a 17-year-old boy with osteosarcoma arising from osteochondroma of the left distal humerus, which developed following TBI. TBI was administered as part of a conditioning regimen received prior to autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at the age of 6 years, following an initial diagnosis of neuroblastoma at the age of 5 years. The patient subsequently underwent preoperative chemotherapy followed by wide local excision and reconstruction with an extracorporeally irradiated autograft. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered, and the patient demonstrated no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence after 40 months of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of malignant degeneration of osteochondroma following childhood TBI, and the first reported case of transformation to osteosarcoma. The current case highlights the importance of close observation for secondary malignancies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Ogose
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hotta
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chihaya Imai
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Imamura
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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12
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Abstract
The tumor control effects by total-body irradiation (TBI) or half-body irradiation (HBI) on tumor-bearing mice and human cancer were investigated. In fundamental studies using a murine experimental system, mice that received 10 or 15 cGy of TBI showed a high value of TD(50) (number of tumor cells required for successful transplantation to a half group of injected sites) compared with nonirradiated control mice. The combination of low doses of TBI and local irradiation on tumor-bearing mice demonstrated enhanced tumor cell killing compared with only local irradiation, but this tumor-cell killing effect was not observed following 10 or 15 cGy of TBI alone. However, the suppression of distant metastasis of tumor cells was observed following low doses of TBI alone. Immunological studies on these effects suggested that TBI or HBI caused immunopotentiating effects. In clinical studies, malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) was selected as the first disease for clinical trial. The results were promising for tumor control applications, except for advanced cases and very aged patients.
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