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Nouchi R, Kawata NYS, Saito T, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Benefits of Wasabi Supplements with 6-MSITC (6-Methylsulfinyl Hexyl Isothiocyanate) on Memory Functioning in Healthy Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: Evidence from a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4608. [PMID: 37960261 PMCID: PMC10648564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive functions decline with age. Declined cognitive functions negatively affect daily behaviors. Previous studies showed the positive effect of spices and herbs on cognition. In this study, we investigated the positive impact of wasabi, which is a traditional Japanese spice, on cognitive functions. The main bioactive compound of wasabi is 6-MSITC (6 methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate), which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatories have an important role in cognitive health. Therefore, 6-MSITC is expected to have positive effects on cognitive function. Previous studies showed the beneficial effects on cognitive functions in middle-aged adults. However, it is unclear that 6-MSITC has a positive effect on cognitive functions in healthy older adults aged 60 years and over. Here, we investigated whether 12 weeks' 6-MSITC intervention enhances cognitive performance in older adults using a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Seventy-two older adults were randomly assigned to 6-MSITC or placebo groups. Participants were asked to take a supplement (6-MSITC or a placebo) for 12 weeks. We checked a wide range of cognitive performances (e.g., executive function, episodic memory, processing speed, working memory, and attention) at the pre- and post-intervention periods. RESULTS The 6-MSITC group showed a significant improvement in working and episodic memory performances compared to the placebo group. However, we did not find any significant improvements in other cognitive domains. DISCUSSION This study firstly demonstrates scientific evidence that 6-MSITC may enhance working memory and episodic memory in older adults. We discuss the potential mechanism for improving cognitive functions after 6-MSITC intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Human Environment, Dodohimata 9-12, Matsuyama 790-0823, Japan
| | - Natasha Y. S. Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiki Saito
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.N.); (R.K.)
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (N.Y.S.K.); (T.S.)
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Liu Y, Song C, Ren X, Wu G, Ma Z, Zhao M, Xie Y, Li Y, Lai Y. Screening for Fungicide Efficacy in Controlling Blackleg Disease in Wasabi ( Eutrema japonicum). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3149. [PMID: 37687395 PMCID: PMC10490250 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Blackleg disease is devastating for wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) production, occurring at any time and everywhere within the main production area of the Sichuan Province, China. There have been very few studies on the chemical control of this disease. In this study, we isolated and identified a local popular strain of the pathogen Plenodomus wasabiae. The isolated fungus strain caused typical disease spots on the leaves and rhizomes upon inoculation back to wasabi seedlings. The symptoms of blackleg disease developed very quickly, becaming visible on the second day after exposure to P. wasabiae and leading to death within one week. We then evaluated the efficacy of ten widely used fungicides to screen out effective fungicides. The efficacy of the tested fungicides was determined through mycelial growth inhibition on medium plates. As a result, tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of P. wasabiae, and the most widely used dimethomorph in local production areas produced the lowest inhibition activity (13.8%). Nevertheless, the highest control efficacy of tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin on wasabi seedlings was only 47.48% and 39.03%, respectively. Generally, the control efficacy of spraying the fungicide before inoculation was better than that after inoculation. An increase in the application concentration of the two fungicides did not proportionately result in improved performance. We cloned the full-length sequence of sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) and cytochrome B (CYTB) of which the mutations may contribute to the possible antifungalresistance. These two genes of the isolated fungus do not possess any reported mutations that lead to fungicide resistance. Previous studies indicate that there is a significant difference between fungicides in terms of the effectiveness of controlling blackleg disease; however, the control efficacy of fungicides is limited in blackleg control. Therefore, field management to prevent wound infection and unfavorable environmental conditions are more important than pesticide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Changjiang Song
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangyuan Xifu Biotechnology Company, Guangyuan 628000, China;
| | - Guoli Wu
- Jiaxing Agricultural and Fishery Technology Promotion Station, Jiaxing 314000, China;
| | - Zihan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mantong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yujia Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunsong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Z.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
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3
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Yamane K, Yamada-Kato T, Haga N, Ishida K, Murayama S, Kobayashi K, Okunishi I. Allyl isothiocyanate and 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate contents vary among wild and cultivated wasabi ( Eutrema japonium). Breed Sci 2023; 73:237-245. [PMID: 37840977 PMCID: PMC10570882 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Wasabi (Japanese horseradish, Eutrema japonicum) is the only cultivated species in the genus Eutrema with functional components that provide a strong pungent flavor. To evaluate genetic resources for wasabi breeding, we surveyed variations in the two most abundant isothiocyanate (ITC) components in wasabi, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 6-methylsulfinyl (hexyl) isothiocyanate (6-MSITC, hexaraphane). We also examined the phylogenetic relationships among 36 accessions of wild and cultivated wasabi in Japan using chloroplast DNA analysis. Our results showed that (i) the 6-MSITC content in currently cultivated wasabi accessions was significantly higher than in escaped cultivars, whereas the AITC content was not significantly different. (ii) Additionally, the 6-MSITC content in cultivated wasabi was significantly lower in the spring than during other seasons. This result suggested that the 6-MSITC content responds to environmental conditions. (iii) The phylogenetic position and the 6-MSITC content of accessions from Rebun, Hokkaido Prefecture had different profiles compared with those from southern Honshu, Japan, indicating heterogeneity of the Rebun populations from other Japanese wasabi accessions. (iv) The total content of AITC and 6-MSITC in cultivated wasabi was significantly higher than that of wild wasabi. In conclusion, old cultivars or landraces of wasabi, "zairai", are the most suitable candidates for immediate use as genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yamane
- Gifu University, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yamada-Kato
- Kinjirushi Co., Ltd, 2-61 Yahata-hontori, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 454-8526, Japan
| | - Natsuko Haga
- Gifu University, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishida
- Kinjirushi Co., Ltd, 2-61 Yahata-hontori, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 454-8526, Japan
| | - Seiji Murayama
- Rebun Botanical Garden, Uedomari, Funadomari-mura, Rebun-cho, Rebun city, Hokkaido 097-1111, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Gifu University, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Isao Okunishi
- Kinjirushi Co., Ltd, 2-61 Yahata-hontori, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 454-8526, Japan
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4
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Lin JF, Chi CW, Huang YC, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Anti-Cancer Effects of Oxygen-Atom-Modified Derivatives of Wasabi Components on Human Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076823. [PMID: 37047794 PMCID: PMC10095376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfinyl)-hexanate (6-MITC) is a natural compound found in Wasabia japonica. The synthetic derivatives 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfenyl)-hexane (I7447) and 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfonyl)-hexane (I7557) were obtained from 6-MITC by deleting and adding an oxygen atom to the sulfone group, respectively. We previously demonstrated that extensive mitotic arrest, spindle multipolarity, and cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation were induced by 6-MITC and inhibited the viability of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. In this study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of 6-MITC derivatives on human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Autophagy was identified as the formation of autophagosomes with double-layered membranes using transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle and differentiation were analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V staining. After treatment with I7447 and I7557, the G2/M phase of cell cycle arrest was revealed. Cell death can be induced by a distinct mechanism (the simultaneous occurrence of autophagy and aberrant mitosis). The expression levels of acridine orange were significantly affected by lysosomal inhibitors. The natural wasabi component, 6-MITC, and its synthetic derivatives have similar effects on human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and may be developed as novel therapeutic agents against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Feng Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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5
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Matsunaga T, Reisenman CE, Goldman-Huertas B, Brand P, Miao K, Suzuki HC, Verster KI, Ramírez SR, Whiteman NK. Evolution of olfactory receptors tuned to mustard oils in herbivorous Drosophilidae. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6486429. [PMID: 34963012 PMCID: PMC8826531 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their propensity to specialize on toxic plants. In an evolutionary twist, toxins betray the identity of their bearers when herbivores coopt them as cues for host-plant finding, but the evolutionary mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We focused on Scaptomyza flava, an herbivorous drosophilid specialized on isothiocyanate (ITC)-producing (Brassicales) plants, and identified Or67b paralogs that were triplicated as mustard-specific herbivory evolved. Using in vivo heterologous systems for the expression of olfactory receptors, we found that S. flava Or67bs, but not the homologs from microbe-feeding relatives, responded selectively to ITCs, each paralog detecting different ITC subsets. Consistent with this, S. flava was attracted to ITCs, as was Drosophila melanogaster expressing S. flava Or67b3 in the homologous Or67b olfactory circuit. ITCs were likely coopted as olfactory attractants through gene duplication and functional specialization (neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization) in S. flava, a recently derived herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Matsunaga
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Carolina E Reisenman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Benjamin Goldman-Huertas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Philipp Brand
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kevin Miao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Hiromu C Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kirsten I Verster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Santiago R Ramírez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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6
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Bell L, Kitsopanou E, Oloyede OO, Lignou S. Important Odorants of Four Brassicaceae Species, and Discrepancies between Glucosinolate Profiles and Observed Hydrolysis Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051055. [PMID: 34064846 PMCID: PMC8150828 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the distinctive aroma and flavour traits of Brassicaceae crops are produced by glucosinolate (GSL) hydrolysis products (GHPs) with other non-GSL derived compounds also reported to contribute significantly to their aromas. This study investigated the flavour profile and glucosinolate content of four Brassicaceae species (salad rocket, horseradish, wasabi, and watercress). Solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry were used to determine the volatile compounds and odorants present in the four species. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the glucosinolate composition, respectively. A total of 113 compounds and 107 odour-active components were identified in the headspace of the four species. Of the compounds identified, 19 are newly reported for ‘salad’ rocket, 26 for watercress, 30 for wasabi, and 38 for horseradish, marking a significant step forward in understanding and characterising aroma generation in these species. There were several non-glucosinolate derived compounds contributing to the ‘pungent’ aroma profile of the species, indicating that the glucosinolate-derived compounds are not the only source of these sensations in Brassicaceae species. Several discrepancies between observed glucosinolates and hydrolysis products were observed, and we discuss the implications of this for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, UK;
| | - Eva Kitsopanou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Omobolanle O. Oloyede
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Stella Lignou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)118-378-8717
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Tanabe Y, Akazawa N, Nishimaki M, Shimizu K, Fujii N, Takahashi H. Effects of 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl Isothiocyanate Ingestion on Muscle Damage after Eccentric Exercise in Healthy Males: A Pilot Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Crossover Study. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:656-671. [PMID: 33938371 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1912244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An animal study demonstrated that 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC), a major bioactive compound in Japanese pungent spice wasabi, has an action of inhibiting the activation of calpain-1 (a protease). Increases in calpain activity can cause continual strength loss after eccentric exercise. It remains to be determined in humans whether 6-MSITC intake would modulate calpain and/or muscle damage responses after eccentric exercise. We performed a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study wherein eight healthy young males were randomly assigned to ingest 9 mg/day of 6-MSITC or placebo from 1 day before exercise to 4 days after exercise (30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using an isokinetic dynamometer). Calpain-1 concentration, inflammatory and muscle damage markers (creatine kinase activity, urinary titin concentration, muscle strength, range of motion, muscle soreness and transverse relaxation time) were assessed. Plasma calpain-1 concentration after eccentric exercise was similar between the placebo- and 6-MSITC-treated conditions. All muscle damage and inflammatory markers were not affected by 6-MSITC relative to those in the placebo-treated condition. Our results suggest that 6-MSITC has no effect on plasma calpain-1 concentration and muscle damage and inflammatory markers measured after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Nishimaki
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Sports Research , Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu KM, Liao HF, Chi CW, Kou YR, Chen YJ. Wasabi Compound 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate Induces Cell Death with Coexisting Mitotic Arrest and Autophagy in Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E774. [PMID: 31771225 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural compound from Wasabia japonica, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC) was investigated for its anti-leukemia activity and mechanism of action. It was found that 6-MITC inhibited the viability of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells along with extensive mitotic arrest, spindle multipolarity, and cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation. The evidence of autophagy included the validation of autophagosomes with double-layered membranes under transmission electron microscopy, LC3I/II conversion, and the induction of G2/M phase arrest observed with acridine orange staining of treated cells, as well as the elevation of phosphorylated-histone H3 expression at the M phase. With regard to the expression of proteins related to mitosis, the down regulation of p-CHK1, p-CHK2, p-cdc25c, and p-cdc2, as well as the upregulation of cyclin B1, p-cdc20, cdc23, BubR1, Mad2, and p-plk-1 was observed. The knockdown of cdc20 was unable to block the effect of 6-MITC. The differentiation of k562 cells into monocytes, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes was not affected by 6-MITC. The 6-MITC-induced unique mode of cell death through the concurrent induction of mitosis and autophagy may have therapeutic potential. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathways associated with the counteracting occurrence of mitosis and autophagy.
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Lee MJ, Tseng WS, Lai JCY, Shieh HR, Chi CW, Chen YJ. Differential Pharmacological Activities of Oxygen Numbers on the Sulfoxide Moiety of Wasabi Compound 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate in Human Oral Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E2427. [PMID: 30248933 PMCID: PMC6222327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC) is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Wasabia japonica (wasabi). The synthetic derivatives, 6-(methylsulfenyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (I7447) and 6-(methylsulfonyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (I7557), were derived from 6-MITC with the deletion and addition of oxygen, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the effect of these synthetic compounds on human oral cancer cells, SAS and OECM-1. All three compounds (I7447, 6-MITC, and I7557) inhibited the viability of SAS and OECM-1 cells using MTT assay. Morphological observations showed various proportions of mitotic arrest and apoptosis in cells treated with these compounds. Cell cycle analysis revealed relatively abundant G2/M arrest in 6-MITC and I7557-treated cells, whereas sub-G1 accumulation was found in I7447-treated cells. In using phosphorylated histone H3 as a marker for mitosis, the addition of 6-MITC and I7557 (excluding I7447) could be shown to arrest cells during mitosis. In contrast, I7447 induced more prominent apoptosis than the 6-MITC or I7557 compounds. The down-regulated expression of the phosphorylated form of CHK1 and Cdc25c was noted in 6-MITC and I7557-treated cells. I7557 could sensitize SAS cells to death by radiation. The wasabi compound, 6-MITC, and its chemical derivatives with different numbers of oxygen may have differential pharmacological effects on human oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Lee
- Taipei First Girls High School, Taipei 10045, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ser Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
| | - Jerry Cheng-Yen Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung City 95054, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ru Shieh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wen Chi
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
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10
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Shimamura Y, Iio M, Urahira T, Masuda S. Inhibitory effects of Japanese horseradish ( Wasabia japonica) on the formation and genotoxicity of a potent carcinogen, acrylamide. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2419-2425. [PMID: 27670634 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of acrylamide (AA) in cooked foods has raised human health concerns. AA is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to glycidamide (GA), which forms DNA adducts. This study examined the inhibitory effects of wasabi (Japanese horseradish, Wasabia japonica) roots and leaves as well as their active component, allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), on the formation and genotoxicity of AA. RESULTS AA formation (51.8 ± 4.2 µg kg-1 ) was inhibited with ≥2 mg mL-1 of AIT. Wasabi roots also inhibited AA formation (∼90% reduction), but wasabi leaves were not effective at 2 mg mL-1 . Wasabi roots and leaves decreased the number of cells with micronuclei by approximately 33 and 24% respectively compared with the AA treatment group. Moreover, wasabi roots and leaves (100 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) day-1 for each) decreased AA (100 mg kg-1 BW day-1 )-induced DNA damage. The AA-induced CYP2E1 activity was decreased by 39 and 26% with wasabi roots and leaves respectively. Further, the activity of glutathione S-transferase, which catalyzes the detoxification of AA via glutathione conjugation, increased by 54 and 33% with wasabi roots and leaves respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that wasabi roots and leaves are effective ingredients for inhibiting the formation and genotoxicity of AA. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimamura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Iio
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoko Urahira
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuichi Masuda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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11
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Park BK, Chun E, Choi JJ, Shin Y, Kho YT, Oh SH, Kim SY, Lee TH, Kim TW, Shin E, Do SG, Jin M. Administration of Wasabia koreana Ameliorates Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Like Symptoms in a Zymosan-Induced Mouse Model. J Med Food 2017; 20:474-484. [PMID: 28452565 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease with complex pathophysiology involving the brain-gut axis. To assess the effects of Wasabia koreana (WK) on IBS, we employed a mouse model of colonic zymosan injection presenting with diarrhea-predominant IBS-like symptoms. Oral WK administration significantly diminished stool score, suppressed colon length and weight change, and minimized body weight loss without affecting food intake. In WK-treated mice, the submucosal thickening and epithelial lining of the colon were inhibited and were similar to those of naïve mice. Infiltration of mast cells into the colon and serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels were markedly suppressed. These effects were comparable to those of sulfasalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug. Furthermore, the number of visceral pain-related behaviors was significantly decreased, and locomotion activities measured in the elevated plus maze and open field tests were significantly increased by WK in a dose-dependent manner compared with amitriptyline, an antidepressant. These changes were accompanied by reduced FosB2 expression in the brain. Taken together, these data suggest that WK may have potential as a medicinal food for IBS by acting on inflammatory diarrhea and neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Park
- 1 KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunho Chun
- 2 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong June Choi
- 2 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Younmin Shin
- 2 College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Tak Kho
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- 3 College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Taek Hwan Lee
- 4 College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- 5 Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunju Shin
- 6 Life Science Research Institute Univera, Inc. , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Gil Do
- 6 Life Science Research Institute Univera, Inc. , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- 7 College of Medicine, Gachon University , Incheon, South Korea
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12
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Lu Z, Dockery CR, Crosby M, Chavarria K, Patterson B, Giedd M. Antibacterial Activities of Wasabi against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1403. [PMID: 27708622 PMCID: PMC5030237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus are two of the major pathogens frequently involved in foodborne outbreaks. Control of these pathogens in foods is essential to food safety. It is of great interest in the use of natural antimicrobial compounds present in edible plants to control foodborne pathogens as consumers prefer more natural “green” foods. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is an antimicrobial compound naturally present in wasabi (Japanese horseradish) and several other edible plants. Although the antibacterial effects of pure AITC and wasabi extract (essential oil) against several bacteria have been reported, the antibacterial property of natural wasabi has not been well studied. This study investigated the antibacterial activities of wasabi as well as AITC against E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus. Chemical analysis showed that AITC is the major isothiocyanate in wasabi. The AITC concentration in the wasabi powder used in this study was 5.91 ± 0.59 mg/g. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of wasabi against E. coli O157:H7 or S. aureus was 1% (or 10 mg/ml). Wasabi at 4% displayed higher bactericidal activity against S. aureus than against E. coli O157:H7. The MIC of AITC against either pathogen was between 10 and 100 μg/ml. AITC at 500 μg/ml was bactericidal against both pathogens while AITC at 1000 μg/ml eliminated E. coli O157:H7 much faster than S. aureus. The results from this study showed that wasabi has strong antibacterial property and has high potential to effectively control E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus in foods. The antibacterial property along with its natural green color, unique flavor, and advantage to safeguard foods at the point of ingestion makes wasabi a promising natural edible antibacterial plant. The results from this study may be of significant interest to the food industry as they develop new and safe foods. These results may also stimulate more research to evaluate the antibacterial effect of wasabi against other foodborne pathogens and to explore other edible plants for their antimicrobial properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antibacterial activity of wasabi in its natural form of consumption against E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
| | - Christopher R Dockery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
| | - Michael Crosby
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
| | - Katherine Chavarria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
| | - Brett Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
| | - Matthew Giedd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw GA, USA
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