1
|
Balbontín C, Gutiérrez C, Schreiber L, Zeisler-Diehl VV, Marín JC, Urrutia V, Hirzel J, Figueroa CR. Alkane biosynthesis is promoted in methyl jasmonate-treated sweet cherry (Prunus avium) fruit cuticles. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:530-535. [PMID: 37515815 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cuticle plays an important role in the survival of plants, and it is important to preserve the quality of fleshy fruits like sweet cherry. Plant hormones play a role in cuticle formation. In this sense, jasmonates have been shown to induce cuticle biosynthesis, but until today this has not been demonstrated in sweet cherry fruit. Therefore, the effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application at the fruit set stage on the expression levels of cuticle synthesis-related genes and the wax composition of the isolated cuticle was studied in developing and ripe fruits of sweet cherry (Prunus avium 'Bing'), respectively. RESULTS MeJA treatment resulted in up-regulation of the cuticle biosynthesis-related gene expression, such as PaWINA, PaWINB, PaKCS1, PaKCS6, PaLACS1, PaLACS2, PaWS, and PaWBC11. These genes play a vital role in the elongation and transport of fatty acids, and wax biosynthesis. Analysis of cuticular components in ripe fruit showed an increase in long-chain linear aliphatic wax compounds, particularly C27, C28, C29, C30, and C31 alkanes. CONCLUSION Exogenous MeJA application at the fruit set stage of sweet cherry has a significant effect on the wax composition of the ripe fruit cuticle, particularly in terms of alkane biosynthesis. The results of this study may provide insights into the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis by jasmonates and be useful for improving fruit quality and storage life. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Balbontín
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Camilo Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viktoria V Zeisler-Diehl
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan C Marín
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Victoria Urrutia
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Juan Hirzel
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillán, Chile
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manape TK, Soumia PS, Khade YP, Satheesh V, Anandhan S. A glossy mutant in onion ( Allium cepa L.) shows decreased expression of wax biosynthesis genes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1245308. [PMID: 37680361 PMCID: PMC10482397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1245308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a characteristic feature of land plants that provides protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a glossy mutant lacking an epicuticular wax layer was identified in the γ-irradiated M2 mutant population of the onion cultivar Bhima Super. The inheritance of the mutant's glossy phenotype was determined to be recessive and single locus. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed poor accumulation of wax crystals in the glossy mutant, concentrated near the stomata. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stomatal parameters of the mutant were similar to the wild-type. RNA-seq was used to comprehend the expression variations of waxy cuticle-related genes in the glossy mutant and its wild-type waxy cultivars. Differential gene expression analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed that the genes involved in wax biosynthesis, such as AcCER1, AcCER26, AcMAH1, and AcWSD1, were downregulated by 2.72, 1.74, 2.59 and 2.12-fold, respectively, in the glossy mutant respectively. The expression patterns of these four unigenes were validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The glossy mutant displayed a substantial 3.5-fold reduction in cuticular wax load compared to the wild-type due to the significant downregulation of these wax biosynthesis genes. These findings represent early advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of wax biosynthesis in onions. Furthermore, they provide a foundation for utilizing the glossy mutant trait in breeding programmes to enhance stress and pest resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kashinath Manape
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parakkattu S. Soumia
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogesh P. Khade
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- Genome Informatics Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sivalingam Anandhan
- Crop Improvement Section, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Li H, Wang X, Chang C. Transcription Factor TaMYB30 Activates Wheat Wax Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10235. [PMID: 37373378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The waxy cuticle covers a plant's aerial surface and contributes to environmental adaptation in land plants. Although past decades have seen great advances in understanding wax biosynthesis in model plants, the mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in crop plants such as bread wheat remain to be elucidated. In this study, wheat MYB transcription factor TaMYB30 was identified as a transcriptional activator positively regulating wheat wax biosynthesis. The knockdown of TaMYB30 expression using virus-induced gene silencing led to attenuated wax accumulation, increased water loss rates, and enhanced chlorophyll leaching. Furthermore, TaKCS1 and TaECR were isolated as essential components of wax biosynthetic machinery in bread wheat. In addition, silencing TaKCS1 and TaECR resulted in compromised wax biosynthesis and potentiated cuticle permeability. Importantly, we showed that TaMYB30 could directly bind to the promoter regions of TaKCS1 and TaECR genes by recognizing the MBS and Motif 1 cis-elements, and activate their expressions. These results collectively demonstrated that TaMYB30 positively regulates wheat wax biosynthesis presumably via the transcriptional activation of TaKCS1 and TaECR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo L, Yao X, Tang H, Li Y, Jiao Y, He Y, Jiang Y, Tian S, Lu L. Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Analysis Reveal That CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 Are Required for Tea Cuticle Wax Formation. Foods 2023; 12:2011. [PMID: 37238828 PMCID: PMC10217411 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a complex mixture of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives that constitute a natural barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses on the aerial surface of terrestrial plants. In tea plants, leaf cuticular wax also contributes to the unique flavor and quality of tea products. However, the mechanism of wax formation in tea cuticles is still unclear. The cuticular wax content of 108 germplasms (Niaowang species) was investigated in this study. The transcriptome analysis of germplasms with high, medium, and low cuticular wax content revealed that the expression levels of CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 were strongly associated with the high content of cuticular wax in leaves. Hence, silencing CsKCS3 and CsKCS18 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited the synthesis of cuticular wax and caffeine in tea leaves, indicating that expression of these genes is necessary for the synthesis of cuticular wax in tea leaves. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cuticular wax formation in tea leaves. The study also revealed new candidate target genes for further improving tea quality and flavor and cultivating high-stress-resistant tea germplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Mo
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hu Tang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Yujie Jiao
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yumei He
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yihe Jiang
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiyu Tian
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen 551400, China
| | - Litang Lu
- College of Tea Science, The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Q, Huang H, Chen Y, Yue Z, Wang Z, Qu T, Xu D, Lü S, Hu H. Two Arabidopsis MYB-SHAQKYF transcription repressors regulate leaf wax biosynthesis via transcriptional suppression on DEWAX. New Phytol 2022; 236:2115-2130. [PMID: 36110041 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticular wax accumulation limits nonstomatal transpiration and is regulated by external environmental stresses. DEWAX (DECREASE WAX BIOSYNTHESIS) plays a vital role in diurnal wax biosynthesis. However, how DEWAX expression is controlled and the molecular mechanism of wax biosynthesis regulated by the diurnal cycle remains largely unknown. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis MYB-SHAQKYF transcription factors, MYS1 and MYS2, as new regulators in wax biosynthesis and drought tolerance. Mutations of both MYS1 and MYS2 caused significantly reduced leaf wax, whereas overexpression of MYS1 or MYS2 increased leaf wax biosynthesis and enhanced drought tolerance. Our results demonstrated that MYS1 and MYS2 act as transcription repressors and directly suppress DEWAX expression via ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression motifs. Genetic interaction analysis with DEWAX, SPL9 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9), and CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1) in wax biosynthesis and under drought stresses demonstrated that MYS1 and MYS2 act upstream of the DEWAX-SPL9 module, thus regulating CER1 expression. Expression analysis suggested that the diurnal expression pattern of DEWAX is partly regulated by MYS1 and MYS2. Our findings demonstrate the roles of two unidentified transcription repressors, MYS1 and MYS2, in wax biosynthesis and provide insights into the mechanism of diurnal cycle-regulated wax biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhichuang Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Danyun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu J, Huang K, Cheng D, Zhang C, Li R, Liu F, Wen H, Tao L, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu S, Wei C. Characterization of Cuticular Wax in Tea Plant and Its Modification in Response to Low Temperature. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13849-13861. [PMID: 36268795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax ubiquitously covers the outer layer of plants and protects them against various abiotic and biotic stresses. Nevertheless, the characteristics of cuticular wax and its role in cold resistance in tea plants remain unclear. In our study, cuticular wax from different tissues, cultivars, and leaves during different spatio-temporal growth stages were characterized and compared in tea plants. The composition, distribution pattern, and structural profile of cuticular wax showed considerable tissue specificity, particularly in petals and seeds. During the spatial development of tea leaves, total wax content increased from the first to fifth leaf in June, while a decreasing pattern was observed in September. Additionally, the total wax content and number of wax compounds were enhanced, and the wax composition significantly varied with leaf growth from June to September. Ten cultivars showed considerable differences in total wax content and composition, such as the predominance of saturated fatty acids and primary alcohols in SYH and HJY cultivars, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that n-hexadecanoic acid is positively related to cold resistance in tea plants. Further transcriptome analysis from cold-sensitive AJBC, cold-tolerant CYQ, and EC 12 cultivars indicated that the inducible expression of wax-related genes was associated with the cold tolerance of different cultivars in response to cold stress. Our results revealed the characterization of cuticular wax in tea plants and provided new insights into its modification in cold tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Youze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Li
- Tianfang Tea Company Limited by Share, Tianfang Industrial Park, Chizhou 245100, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding WF, Ling XF, Lu Q, Wang WW, Zhang X, Feng Y, Chen XM, Chen H. Identification of the Key Pathways and Genes Involved in the Wax Biosynthesis of the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect (Ericerus pela Chavannes) by Integrated Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36011275 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The white wax secreted by the male insects of the Chinese white wax scale (CWWS) is a natural high-molecular-weight compound with important economic value. However, its regulatory mechanism of wax biosynthesis is still unclear. In this study, a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to analyze transcriptome data of first- and second-instar females, early and late female adults, and first- and second-instar males. A total of 19 partitioned modules with different topological overlaps were obtained, and three modules were identified as highly significant for wax secretion (p < 0.05). A total of 30 hub genes were obtained through screening, among which elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL) and fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) are important catalytic enzymes of fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, their metabolic catalytic products are involved in the synthesis of wax biosynthesis. The results demonstrate that WGCNA can be used for insect transcriptome analysis and effectively screen out the key genes related to wax biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rizwan HM, Shaozhong F, Li X, Bilal Arshad M, Yousef AF, Chenglong Y, Shi M, Jaber MYM, Anwar M, Hu SY, Yang Q, Sun K, Ahmed MAA, Min Z, Oelmüller R, Zhimin L, Chen F. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of KCS Gene Family in Passion Fruit ( Passiflora edulis) Under Fusarium kyushuense and Drought Stress Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:872263. [PMID: 35548275 PMCID: PMC9081883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant and fruit surfaces are covered with cuticle wax and provide a protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. Cuticle wax consists of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of VLCFAs and provides a precursor for the synthesis of cuticle wax, but the KCS gene family was yet to be reported in the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). In this study, thirty-two KCS genes were identified in the passion fruit genome and phylogenetically grouped as KCS1-like, FAE1-like, FDH-like, and CER6-like. Furthermore, thirty-one PeKCS genes were positioned on seven chromosomes, while one PeKCS was localized to the unassembled genomic scaffold. The cis-element analysis provides insight into the possible role of PeKCS genes in phytohormones and stress responses. Syntenic analysis revealed that gene duplication played a crucial role in the expansion of the PeKCS gene family and underwent a strong purifying selection. All PeKCS proteins shared similar 3D structures, and a protein-protein interaction network was predicted with known Arabidopsis proteins. There were twenty putative ped-miRNAs which were also predicted that belong to nine families targeting thirteen PeKCS genes. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation results were highly associated with fatty acid synthase and elongase activity, lipid metabolism, stress responses, and plant-pathogen interaction. The highly enriched transcription factors (TFs) including ERF, MYB, Dof, C2H2, TCP, LBD, NAC, and bHLH were predicted in PeKCS genes. qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed that most PeKCS genes were highly upregulated in leaves including PeKCS2, PeKCS4, PeKCS8, PeKCS13, and PeKCS9 but not in stem and roots tissues under drought stress conditions compared with controls. Notably, most PeKCS genes were upregulated at 9th dpi under Fusarium kyushuense biotic stress condition compared to controls. This study provides a basis for further understanding the functions of KCS genes, improving wax and VLCFA biosynthesis, and improvement of passion fruit resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Shaozhong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Arshad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yang Chenglong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Y. M. Jaber
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai-Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaiwei Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zheng Min
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural Vocational College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lin Zhimin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhimin,
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Faxing Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang J, Yang X, Xiao C, Li J, Chen Y, Li R, Li S, Lü S, Hu H. GDSL lipase occluded stomatal pore 1 is required for wax biosynthesis and stomatal cuticular ledge formation. New Phytol 2020; 228:1880-1896. [PMID: 32542680 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant leaf surface is coated with a waterproof cuticle layer. Cuticle facing the stomatal pore surface needs to be sculpted to form outer cuticular ledge (OCL) after stomatal maturation for efficient gas exchange. Here, we characterized the roles of Arabidopsis GDSL lipase, Occlusion of Stomatal Pore 1 (OSP1), in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation. OSP1 mutation results in significant reduction in leaf wax synthesis and occlusion of stomata, leading to increased epidermal permeability, decreased transpiration rate, and enhanced drought tolerance. We demonstrated that OSP1 activity is critical for its role in wax biosynthesis and stomatal function. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that OSP1 possesses thioesterase activity, particularly on C22:0 and C26:0 acyl-CoAs. Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges. Our findings provided insights into the molecular mechanism mediating wax biosynthesis and highlighted the link between wax biosynthesis and the process of stomatal OCL formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chuanlei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Fan S. Screening of Salt Stress Responsive Genes in Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. by Transcriptome Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1522. [PMID: 33182395 PMCID: PMC7697870 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common abiotic stresses, salt stress seriously impairs crop yield. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a model species for studying wheat and other grasses. In the present investigation, the physiological responses of B. distachyon treated with different concentrations of NaCl for 24 h were measured. Therefore, the control and the seedlings of B. distachyon treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h were selected for transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome differential analysis showed that a total of 4116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, including 3120 upregulated and 996 downregulated ones. GO enrichment assay indicated that some subsets of genes related to the active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulatory substance metabolism, and abscisic-acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure were significantly upregulated under salt stress. The MapMan analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were dramatically enriched in wax metabolic pathways. The expressions of transcription factor (TF) family members such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF were increased under salt stress, regulating the response of plants to salt stress. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of grass crops to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Kong L, Zhi P, Chang C. Update on Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Its Roles in Plant Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155514. [PMID: 32752176 PMCID: PMC7432125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial surface of higher plants is covered by a hydrophobic layer of cuticular waxes to protect plant tissues against enormous environmental challenges including the infection of various pathogens. As the first contact site between plants and pathogens, the layer of cuticular waxes could function as a plant physical barrier that limits the entry of pathogens, acts as a reservoir of signals to trigger plant defense responses, and even gives cues exploited by pathogens to initiate their infection processes. Past decades have seen unprecedented proceedings in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of plant cuticular waxes and their functions regulating plant–pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the molecular biology of cuticular wax biosynthesis and highlighted its multiple roles in plant disease resistance against bacterial, fungal, and insect pathogens.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang D, Yang H, Wang X, Qiu Y, Tian L, Qi X, Qu LQ. Cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5 hydroxylates alkanes to primary alcohols and is involved in rice leaf cuticular wax synthesis. New Phytol 2020; 225:2094-2107. [PMID: 31618451 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Odd-numbered primary alcohols are components of plant cuticular wax, but their biosynthesis remains unknown. We isolated a rice wax crystal-sparse leaf 5 (WSL5) gene using a map-based cloning strategy. The function of WSL5 was illustrated by overexpression and knockout in rice, heterologous expression in Arabidopsis and transient expression in tobacco leaves. WSL5 is predicted to encode a cytochrome P450 family member CYP96B5. The wsl5 mutant lacked crystalloid platelets on the surface of cuticle membrane, and its cuticle membrane was thicker than that of the wild-type. The wsl5 mutant is more tolerant to drought stress. The load of C23 -C33 alkanes increased, whereas the C29 primary alcohol reduced significantly in wsl5 mutant and WSL5 knockout transgenic plants. Overexpression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes in rice leaves. Heterologous expression of WSL5 increased the C29 primary alcohol and decreased alkanes, secondary alcohol, and ketone in Arabidopsis stem wax. Transient expression of WSL5 in tobacco leaves also increased the production C29 primary alcohol. WSL5 catalyzes the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, yielding odd-numbered primary alcohols, and is involved in the formation of epidermal wax crystals on rice leaf, affecting drought sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yijian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Le Qing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng S, Cao Y, Li H, Bian Z, Wang D, Lian C, Yin W, Xia X. PeSHN1 regulates water-use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating wax biosynthesis in poplar. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1371-1386. [PMID: 30938421 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wax, a hydrophobic structure that provides an effective waterproof barrier to the leaves, is an important drought adaptation trait for preventing water loss. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in trees. Here, PeSHN1, an AP2/ethylene response factor transcription factor, was isolated from a fast-growing poplar Populus × euramericana cv. 'Neva' clone. To study the potential biological functions of PeSHN1, transgenic 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) plants overexpressing PeSHN1 were generated. PeSHN1 overexpression resulted in decreased transpiration, increased water-use efficiency (WUE) and increased drought tolerance. The transgenic poplar plants exhibited increased wax accumulation and altered wax composition, mainly because of a substantial increase in long-chain (>C30) fatty acids, aldehydes and alkanes. Gene expression analyses revealed that many genes involved in wax biosynthesis were induced in the PeSHN1 overexpression plants. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assays and dual luciferase assays revealed that at least one of those genes, LACS2, is likely targeted by PeSHN1. Moreover, the PeSHN1 overexpression plants maintained higher photosynthetic activity and accumulated more biomass under drought stress conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that PeSHN1 regulates both WUE and drought tolerance in poplar by modulating wax biosynthesis and that altered PeSHN1 expression could represent a novel approach (altering the wax trait on leaf surfaces to increase WUE) for breeding drought-tolerant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huiguang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Conglong Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurokawa Y, Nagai K, Huan PD, Shimazaki K, Qu H, Mori Y, Toda Y, Kuroha T, Hayashi N, Aiga S, Itoh JI, Yoshimura A, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Ohta H, Shimojima M, Malik AI, Pedersen O, Colmer TD, Ashikari M. Rice leaf hydrophobicity and gas films are conferred by a wax synthesis gene (LGF1) and contribute to flood tolerance. New Phytol 2018; 218:1558-1569. [PMID: 29498045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Floods impede gas (O2 and CO2 ) exchange between plants and the environment. A mechanism to enhance plant gas exchange under water comprises gas films on hydrophobic leaves, but the genetic regulation of this mechanism is unknown. We used a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) which does not retain gas films on leaves, and its wild-type (Kinmaze), in gene discovery for this trait. Gene complementation was tested in transgenic lines. Functional properties of leaves as related to gas film retention and underwater photosynthesis were evaluated. Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1) was identified as the gene determining leaf gas films. LGF1 regulates C30 primary alcohol synthesis, which is necessary for abundant epicuticular wax platelets, leaf hydrophobicity and gas films on submerged leaves. This trait enhanced underwater photosynthesis 8.2-fold and contributes to submergence tolerance. Gene function was verified by a complementation test of LGF1 expressed in the drp7 mutant background, which restored C30 primary alcohol synthesis, wax platelet abundance, leaf hydrophobicity, gas film retention, and underwater photosynthesis. The discovery of LGF1 provides an opportunity to better understand variation amongst rice genotypes for gas film retention ability and to target various alleles in breeding for improved submergence tolerance for yield stability in flood-prone areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Phung Danh Huan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Crops Research and Development Institute, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Kousuke Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Huangqi Qu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Saori Aiga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy David Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang T, Xing J, Liu X, Yao Y, Hu Z, Peng H, Xin M, Zhou DX, Zhang Y, Ni Z. GCN5 contributes to stem cuticular wax biosynthesis by histone acetylation of CER3 in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2911-2922. [PMID: 29506042 PMCID: PMC5972625 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is a major component of the surface cuticle of plants, which performs crucial functions in optimizing plant growth. Histone acetylation regulates gene expression in diverse biological processes, but its role in cuticular wax synthesis is not well understood. In this study, we observed that mutations of the Arabidopsis thaliana histone acetyltransferase GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED PROTEIN5 (GCN5) impaired the accumulation of stem cuticular wax. Three target genes of GCN5, ECERIFERUM3 (CER3), CER26, and CER1-LIKE1 (CER1-L1), were identified by RNA-seq and ChIP assays. H3K9/14 acetylation levels at the promoter regions of CER3, CER26, and CER1-L1 were consistently and significantly decreased in the gcn5-2 mutant as compared to the wild-type. Notably, overexpression of CER3 in the gcn5-2 mutant rescued the defect in stem cuticular wax biosynthesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GCN5 is involved in stem cuticular wax accumulation by modulating CER3 expression via H3K9/14 acetylation, which underlines the important role of histone acetylation in cuticular wax biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yirong Zhang
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Beijing Municipality), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pu Y, Gao J, Guo Y, Liu T, Zhu L, Xu P, Yi B, Wen J, Tu J, Ma C, Fu T, Zou J, Shen J. A novel dominant glossy mutation causes suppression of wax biosynthesis pathway and deficiency of cuticular wax in Brassica napus. BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:215. [PMID: 24330756 PMCID: PMC3881019 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aerial parts of land plants are covered with cuticular waxes that limit non-stomatal water loss and gaseous exchange, and protect plants from ultraviolet radiation and pathogen attack. This is the first report on the characterization and genetic mapping of a novel dominant glossy mutant (BnaA.GL) in Brassica napus. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cuticle ultrastructure of GL mutant leaf and stem were altered dramatically compared with that of wide type (WT). Scanning electron microscopy corroborated the reduction of wax on the leaf and stem surface. A cuticular wax analysis of the GL mutant leaves further confirmed the drastic decrease in the total wax content, and a wax compositional analysis revealed an increase in aldehydes but a severe decrease in alkanes, ketones and secondary alcohols. These results suggested a likely blockage of the decarbonylation step in the wax biosynthesis pathway. Genetic mapping narrowed the location of the BnaA.GL gene to the end of A9 chromosome. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip assay in combination with bulk segregant analysis (BSA) also located SNPs in the same region. Two SNPs, two single sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one IP marker were located on the flanking region of the BnaA.GL gene at a distance of 0.6 cM. A gene homologous to ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) was located in the mapped region. A cDNA microarray chip assay revealed coordinated down regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway in the glossy mutant, with BnCER1 being one of the most severely suppressed genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that surface wax biosynthesis is broadly affected in the glossy mutant due to the suppression of the BnCER1 and other wax-related genes. These findings offer novel clues for elucidating the molecular basis of the glossy phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jitao Zou
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0 W9, Canada
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|