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Guo Y, Gao Y, Chen F, Luo J, Qiao M, Li M, Persson S, Zeng W, Xu W. Down-regulation of xylan biosynthetic GhGT47Bs in cotton impedes fibre elongation and secondary wall thickening during fibre transition. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:281-283. [PMID: 37862267 PMCID: PMC10826983 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
- College of Life SciencesXinjiang Normal UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yanan Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jingwen Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mengfei Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mengyun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science CenterUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Life SciencesTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Wenliang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanChina
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Alvarez Martinez I, Ruprecht C, Senf D, Wang HT, Urbanowicz B, Pfrengle F. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of long-chain oligosaccharides for studying xylan-modifying enzymes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203941. [PMID: 36791391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant research is hampered in several aspects by a lack of pure oligosaccharide samples that closely represent structural features of cell wall glycans. An alternative to purely chemical synthesis to access these oligosaccharides is chemo-enzymatic synthesis using glycosynthases. These enzymes enable the ligation of oligosaccharide donors, when activated for example as a-glycosyl fluorides, with suitable acceptor oligosaccharides. Herein, the synthesis of xylan oligosaccharides up to dodecasaccharides is reported, with glycosynthase-mediated coupling reactions as key steps. The xylo-oligosaccharide donors were protected at the non-reducing end with a 4-O-tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group to prevent polymerization. Installation of an unnatural 3-O-methylether substituent at the reducing end xylose of the oligosaccharides ensured good water solubility. Biochemical assays demonstrated enzymatic activity for the xylan acetyltransferase XOAT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, xylan arabinofuranosyl-transferase XAT3 enzymes from rice and switchgrass, and the xylan glucuronosyltransferase GUX3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. In case of the glucuronosyltransferase GUX3, MALDI-MS/MS analysis of the reaction product suggested that a single glucuronosyl substituent was installed primarily at the central xylose residues of the dodecasaccharide acceptor, demonstrating the value of long-chain acceptors for assaying biosynthetic glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alvarez Martinez
- Universität für Bodenkultur Wien: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRIA
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- BOKU: Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRIA
| | - Deborah Senf
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung, Biomolecular Systems, GERMANY
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien, Department of Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, AUSTRIA
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Li Z, Xu X, Yang K, Zhu C, Liu Y, Gao Z. Multifaceted analyses reveal carbohydrate metabolism mainly affecting the quality of postharvest bamboo shoots. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1021161. [PMID: 36212302 PMCID: PMC9535365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo shoot is one of nutritious vegetables in China. However, the edible quality of fresh bamboo shoots deteriorates easily after harvest. Here, morphological, physiological, transcriptomic and microRNA sequencing analyses were conducted to investigate the postharvest characteristics of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots. Rapid decreases of soluble sugars, structural polysaccharides and hydrolyzed tannins, and increases of lignin and condensed tannins were observed in the postharvest bamboo shoots. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs with opposite trends were mainly enriched in structural polysaccharide metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis pathways, which were consistent with the changes of carbohydrates. A co-expression network of carbohydrate metabolism was constructed, which was verified by qPCR and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay. Furthermore, the function of one hub glycosyltransferase gene was validated in Arabidopsis, which confirmed that it was involved in xylan biosynthesis. These results are of great significance for revealing the carbohydrate metabolism mechanisms of postharvest bamboo shoots and provide a potential candidate gene for molecular breeding related to xylan in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiurong Xu
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
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Ratke C, Terebieniec BK, Winestrand S, Derba-Maceluch M, Grahn T, Schiffthaler B, Ulvcrona T, Özparpucu M, Rüggeberg M, Lundqvist SO, Street NR, Jönsson LJ, Mellerowicz EJ. Downregulating aspen xylan biosynthetic GT43 genes in developing wood stimulates growth via reprograming of the transcriptome. New Phytol 2018; 219:230-245. [PMID: 29708593 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is one of the main compounds determining wood properties in hardwood species. The xylan backbone is thought to be synthesized by a synthase complex comprising two members of the GT43 family. We downregulated all GT43 genes in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) to understand their involvement in xylan biosynthesis. All three clades of the GT43 family were targeted for downregulation using RNA interference individually or in different combinations, either constitutively or specifically in developing wood. Simultaneous downregulation in developing wood of the B (IRX9) and C (IRX14) clades resulted in reduced xylan Xyl content relative to reducing end sequence, supporting their role in xylan backbone biosynthesis. This was accompanied by a higher lignocellulose saccharification efficiency. Unexpectedly, GT43 suppression in developing wood led to an overall growth stimulation, xylem cell wall thinning and a shift in cellulose orientation. Transcriptome profiling of these transgenic lines indicated that cell cycling was stimulated and secondary wall biosynthesis was repressed. We suggest that the reduced xylan elongation is sensed by the cell wall integrity surveying mechanism in developing wood. Our results show that wood-specific suppression of xylan-biosynthetic GT43 genes activates signaling responses, leading to increased growth and improved lignocellulose saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ratke
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), S-901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbara K Terebieniec
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), S-901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), S-901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Grahn
- Material Processes, RISE Innventia AB, SE-114-86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Ulvcrona
- Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, S-901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Merve Özparpucu
- Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Leif J Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901-87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SLU, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), S-901-83, Umeå, Sweden
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Ratke C, Pawar PMA, Balasubramanian VK, Naumann M, Duncranz ML, Derba-Maceluch M, Gorzsás A, Endo S, Ezcurra I, Mellerowicz EJ. Populus GT43 family members group into distinct sets required for primary and secondary wall xylan biosynthesis and include useful promoters for wood modification. Plant Biotechnol J 2015; 13:26-37. [PMID: 25100045 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant GT43 protein family includes xylosyltransferases that are known to be required for xylan backbone biosynthesis, but have incompletely understood specificities. RT-qPCR and histochemical (GUS) analyses of expression patterns of GT43 members in hybrid aspen, reported here, revealed that three clades of the family have markedly differing specificity towards secondary wall-forming cells (wood and extraxylary fibres). Intriguingly, GT43A and B genes (corresponding to the Arabidopsis IRX9 clade) showed higher specificity for secondary-walled cells than GT43C and D genes (IRX14 clade), although both IRX9 and IRX14 are required for xylosyltransferase activity. The remaining genes, GT43E, F and G (IRX9-L clade), showed broad expression patterns. Transient transactivation analyses of GT43A and B reporters demonstrated that they are activated by PtxtMYB021 and PNAC085 (master secondary wall switches), mediated in PtxtMYB021 activation by an AC element. The high observed secondary cell wall specificity of GT43B expression prompted tests of the efficiency of its promoter (pGT43B), relative to the CaMV 35S (35S) promoter, for overexpressing a xylan acetyl esterase (CE5) or downregulating REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION (RWA) family genes and thus engineering wood acetylation. CE5 expression was weaker when driven by pGT43B, but it reduced wood acetyl content substantially more efficiently than the 35S promoter. RNAi silencing of the RWA family, which was ineffective using 35S, was achieved when using GT43B promoter. These results show the utility of the GT43B promoter for genetically engineering properties of wood and fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ratke
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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