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Brzezinski K, Czyrko J, Sliwiak J, Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk E, Jaskolski M, Nocek B, Dauter Z. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from a hyperthermophile (Thermotoga maritima) is expressed in Escherichia coli in inactive form - Biochemical and structural studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:584-596. [PMID: 28629859 PMCID: PMC7888557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic bacterium but its genome encodes a number of archaeal proteins including S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase), which regulates cellular methylation reactions. The question of proper folding and activity of proteins of extremophilic origin is an intriguing problem. When expressed in E.coli and purified (as a homotetramer) at room temperature, the hyperthermophilic SAHase from T.maritima was inactive. ITC study indicated that the protein undergoes heat-induced conformational changes, and enzymatic activity assays demonstrated that these changes are required to attain enzymatic activity. To explain the mechanism of thermal activation, two crystal structures of the inactive form of T. maritima SAHase (iTmSAHase) were determined for an incomplete binary complex with the reduced cofactor (NADH), and in a mixture of binary complexes with NADH and with adenosine. In contrast to active SAHases, in iTmSAHase only two of the four subunits contain a bound cofactor, predominantly in its non-reactive, reduced state. Moreover, the closed-like conformation of the cofactor-containing subunits precludes substrate delivery to the active site. The two other subunits cannot be involved in the enzymatic reaction either; although they have an open-like conformation, they do not contain the cofactor, whose binding site may be occupied by an adenosine molecule. The results suggest that this enzyme, when expressed in mesophilic cells, is arrested in the activity-incompatible conformation revealed by its crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Brzezinski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czyrko
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Sliwiak
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Nocek
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section, MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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He M, Zheng Y, Huang CH, Qian G, Xiao X, Ko TP, Shao W, Guo RT. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) from Thermotoga maritima. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1563-5. [PMID: 25372832 PMCID: PMC4231867 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14013478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) catalyzes the reversible conversion of S-adenosylhomocysteine into adenosine and homocysteine. The SAHH from Thermotoga maritima (TmSAHH) was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified and crystallized. TmSAHH crystals belonging to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a=106.3, b=112.0, c=164.9 Å, β=103.5°, were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to 2.85 Å resolution. Initial phase determination by molecular replacement clearly indicated that the crystal contains one homotetramer per asymmetric unit. Further refinement of the crystal structure is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Qian
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiansha Xiao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Weilan Shao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
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Ishihara M, Kusakabe Y, Ohsumichi T, Tanaka N, Nakanishi M, Kitade Y, Nakamura KT. Crystallization of mouse S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:313-5. [PMID: 20208169 PMCID: PMC2833045 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH; EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and L-homocysteine. For crystallographic investigations, mouse SAHH (MmSAHH) was overexpressed in bacterial cells and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of the reaction product adenosine. X-ray diffraction data to 1.55 A resolution were collected from an orthorhombic crystal form belonging to space group I222 with unit-cell parameters a = 100.64, b = 104.44, c = 177.31 A. Structural analysis by molecular replacement is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masayuki Nakanishi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Yukio Kitade
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Brzezinski K, Bujacz G, Jaskolski M. Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of plant S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Lupinus luteus). Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:671-3. [PMID: 18607106 PMCID: PMC2443962 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108017703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
By degrading S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, which is a byproduct of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation reactions, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) acts as a regulator of cellular methylation processes. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from the leguminose plant yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus), LlSAHase, which is composed of 485 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 55 kDa, has been cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Crystals of LlSAHase in complex with adenosine were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using 20%(w/v) PEG 4000 and 10%(v/v) 2-propanol as precipitants in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0. The crystals were tetragonal, space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 122.4, c = 126.5 A and contained two protein molecules in the asymmetric unit, corresponding to the functional dimeric form of the enzyme. Atomic resolution (1.17 A) X-ray diffraction data have been collected using synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Brzezinski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bujacz
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Cai S, Li QS, Borchardt RT, Kuczera K, Schowen RL. The antiviral drug ribavirin is a selective inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7281-7. [PMID: 17845853 PMCID: PMC3830956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide riboside) is a well-known antiviral drug. Ribavirin has also been reported to inhibit human S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Hs-SAHH), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and homocysteine. We now report that ribavirin, which is structurally similar to adenosine, produces time-dependent inactivation of Hs-SAHH and Trypanosoma cruzi SAHH (Tc-SAHH). Ribavirin binds to the adenosine-binding site of the two SAHHs and reduces the NAD(+) cofactor to NADH. The reversible binding step of ribavirin to Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH has similar K(I) values (266 and 194 microM), but the slow inactivation step is 5-fold faster with Tc-SAHH. Ribavirin may provide a structural lead for design of more selective inhibitors of Tc-SAHH as potential anti-parasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Ronald T. Borchardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Krzysztof Kuczera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Richard L. Schowen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, Phone:(785) 842-4371. Fax: (785) 864-5736.
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