1
|
Mol B, Beeran AE, Jayaram PS, Prakash P, Jayasree RS, Thomas S, Chakrapani B, Anantharaman MR, Bushiri MJ. Radio frequency plasma assisted surface modification of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles using polyaniline/polypyrrole for bioimaging and magnetic hyperthermia applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:108. [PMID: 34432156 PMCID: PMC8387263 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using polymers (polyaniline/polypyrrole) was done by radio frequency (r.f.) plasma polymerization technique and characterized by XRD, TEM, TG/DTA and VSM. Surface-passivated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with polymers were having spherical/rod-shaped structures with superparamagnetic properties. Broad visible photoluminescence emission bands were observed at 445 and 580 nm for polyaniline-coated Fe3O4 and at 488 nm for polypyrrole-coated Fe3O4. These samples exhibit good fluorescence emissions with L929 cellular assay and were non-toxic. Magnetic hyperthermia response of Fe3O4 and polymer (polyaniline/polypyrrole)-coated Fe3O4 was evaluated and all the samples exhibit hyperthermia activity in the range of 42-45 °C. Specific loss power (SLP) values of polyaniline and polypyrrole-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (5 and 10 mg/ml) exhibit a controlled heat generation with an increase in the magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beena Mol
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Ansar Ereath Beeran
- Bioceramics Laboratory, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Kerala, 695012, India
- Department of Chemistry, M.E.S Asmabi College, P. Vemballur, Kodungallur, Thrissur, Kerala, 680671, India
| | - Prasad S Jayaram
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Prabha Prakash
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Ramapurath S Jayasree
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695012, India
| | - Senoy Thomas
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Baby Chakrapani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - M R Anantharaman
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.
| | - M Junaid Bushiri
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao Z, You Y, Liu Y, He L, Zhang D, Cheng Q, Wang D, Chen T, Shi C, Luo L. NIR-Triggered Blasting Nanovesicles for Targeted Multimodal Image-Guided Synergistic Cancer Photothermal and Chemotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35376-35388. [PMID: 34313109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Escorting therapeutics for malignancies by nano-encapsulation to ameliorate treatment effects and mitigate side effects has been pursued in precision medicine. However, the majority of drug delivery systems suffer from uncontrollable drug release kinetics and thus lead to unsatisfactory triggered-release efficiency along with severe side effects. Herein, we developed a unique nanovesicle delivery system that shows near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered drug release behavior and minimal premature drug release. By co-encapsulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, the ultrasound contrast agent perfluorohexane (PFH), and cisplatin in a silicate-polyaniline vesicle, we achieved the controllable release of cisplatin in a thermal-responsive manner. Specifically, vaporization of PFH triggered by the heat generated from NIR irradiation imparts high inner vesicle pressure on the nanovesicles, leading to pressure-induced nanovesicle collapse and subsequent cisplatin release. Moreover, the multimodal imaging capability can track tumor engagement of the nanovesicles and assess their therapeutic effects. Due to its precise inherent NIR-triggered drug release, our system shows excellent tumor eradication efficacy and biocompatibility in vivo, empowering it with great prospects for future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen He
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu L, Chen Z, Liu Y, Tian B, Guo T, Liu R, Wang C, Ying L. In Vivo Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy Based on Two-Photon Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers Containing Dibenzothiophene- S, S-dioxide Derivatives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:57281-57289. [PMID: 33296171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a critical component for photodynamic therapy toward cancer treatment, photosensitizers require high photoinduced reactive oxygen species generation efficiency, good biocompatibility, and high phototoxicity. Herein, a series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers containing dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide derivatives are designed and synthesized, which can be used as effective photosensitizers. The resulting copolymer PTA5 shows strong green light emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields owing to the intercrossed excited state of local existed and charge transfer states. The PTA5 nanoparticles can be fabricated by encapsulation with a biocompatible polymer matrix. Upon excitation at 800 nm, these nanoparticles present a relatively large two-photon absorption cross section of 3.29 × 106 GM. These nanoparticles also exhibit good photostability in water and thus can be utilized for bioimaging. The tissue-penetrating depths of up to 170 μm for hepatic vessels and 380 μm for blood vessels of mouse ear were achieved using PTA5 nanoparticles. Furthermore, PTA5 nanoparticles show impressive reactive oxygen species generation capability under the irradiation of a white light source. This can be attributed to the effective intersystem crossing between high-level excited state. Upon irradiation with white light (400-700 nm) at 50 mW cm-2 for 5 min every other day, the tumor growth can be effectively suppressed in the presence of PTA5 nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate that PTA5 nanoparticles can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zikang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bishan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruiz-Pérez L, Rizzello L, Wang J, Li N, Battaglia G, Pei Y. Polypyrrole and polyaniline nanocomposites with high photothermal conversion efficiency. Soft Matter 2020; 16:4569-4573. [PMID: 32373877 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simple and scalable synthesis of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC)-coated conducting polymer (CP) nanocomposites is described. These functional nanocomposites exhibit tunable absorption in the near-infrared region with relatively high photothermal efficiencies. More importantly, their potential for bio-imaging and therapeutic treatment is proven by cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. and The EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Electron Microscopy, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Jinping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. and The EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Electron Microscopy, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yiwen Pei
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian T, Qian T, Sui X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Wang YX, Hu W. Aggregation-Dependent Photoreactive Hemicyanine Assembly as a Photobactericide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:22552-22559. [PMID: 32345006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials that show substantial reactivity under visible light have received considerable attention due to their wide applications in chemical and biological systems. Hemicyanine pigments possess a strong intramolecular donor-acceptor structure and thereby display intense absorption in the visible spectral region. However, most excitons are consumed via the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) process, making hemicyanines generally inert to light. Herein, we describe the development of an amphiphilic hemicyanine dye whose aggregation could be easily regulated using salt or counterions. More importantly, its intrinsic photoreactivity was successfully induced by steric restriction and cofacial arrangement within the H-aggregate, thus creating an effective photobactericide. This strategy could be extended to the development of photocatalysts for photosynthesis and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingjuan Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- Division of Nanophotonics CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus, Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus, Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren C, Liu F, Umair MM, Jin X, Zhang S, Tang B. Excellent Temperature-Control Based on Reversible Thermochromic Materials for Light-Driven Phase Change Materials System. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081623. [PMID: 31022940 PMCID: PMC6526475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-driven phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention due to their capacity to convert visible light into thermal energy, storing it as latent heat. However, continuous photo-thermal conversion can cause the PCMs to reach high thermal equilibrium temperatures after phase transition. In our study, a novel light-driven phase change material system with temperature-control properties was constructed using a thermochromic compound. Thermochromic phase change materials (TC-PCMs) were prepared by introducing 2-anilino-6-dibutylamino-3-methylfluoran (ODB-2) and bisphenol A (BPA) into 1-hexadecanol (1-HD) in various proportions. Photo-thermal conversion performance was investigated with solar radiation (low power of 0.09 W/cm2) and a xenon lamp (at a high power of 0.14 W/cm2). The TC-PCMs showed a low equilibrium temperature due to variations in absorbance. Specifically, the temperature of TC-PCM180 (ODB-2, bisphenol A and 1-HD ratio 1:2:180) could stabilize at 54 °C approximately. TC-PCMs exhibited reversibility and repeatability after 20 irradiation and cooling cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Fangfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Malik Muhammad Umair
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Eco-chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bingtao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
- Eco-chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abukhadra MR, Shaban M, Abd El Samad MA. Enhanced photocatalytic removal of Safranin-T dye under sunlight within minute time intervals using heulandite/polyaniline@ nickel oxide composite as a novel photocatalyst. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:261-271. [PMID: 29990739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural zeolite heulandite/polyaniline composite (Hu/PANI) was synthesized for the first time as catalyst support for nickel oxide photocatalyst (Hu/PANI@Ni2O3). The structural, chemical, morphological, textural and optical properties were investigated using different techniques. The synthetic Ni2O3 crystals showed well developed flaky habits with diameter range 200-400 nm and length range 1-4 µm. The estimated band gap energies of Hu/PANI composite and Hu/PANI@Ni2O3 composite are 1.8 eV and 1.46 eV, respectively, which are remarkably smaller than the recorded value for pure nickel oxide. The photocatalytic properties of Hu/PANI@Ni2O3 composite for efficient degradation of safranin-T dye were evaluated under sunlight as a function of irradiation time, initial dye concentration, catalyst mass, solution pH, and the catalyst stability. Hu/PANI@Ni2O3 composite exhibits amazing photocatalytic degradation efficiency for safranin dye, whereas 80%, 98%, and ~ 100% of 5 mg/l dye were removed after only 1 min of solar irradiation using 0.025, 0.03, and 0.035 g of Hu/PANI@Ni2O3, respectively. The higher concentrations of the dye (10-50 mg/L) can be fully removed within minutes by increasing the solution pH or using higher doses from the Hu/PANI@Ni2O3 catalyst. The removal percentage achieved the maximum value at the alkaline conditions. Also, the Hu/PANI@Ni2O3 displayed high stability and remain 84.5% of the initial photocatalytic efficiency after 5 runs. Additionally, the composite can be used effectively in the removal of different types of dyes and mixed dyes within the same time intervals. Thus, loading of nickel oxide onto hybrid Hu/PANI composite as a catalyst support achieved amazing photocatalytic degradation capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Abd El Samad
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Aniline (ANL), an aromatic amine, oxalic acid (OXA) and oxamic acid (OMA), short-chain carboxylic acids, were chosen as model organic pollutants for testing the combined effect of neat photolysis and ozonation in the treatment of aqueous effluents. In order to better understand the results, single ozonation and neat photolysis were also carried out. OXA has a high refractory character relatively to single ozonation and neat photolysis only accounted for 26% conversion of OXA after 2 h of reaction. On the other hand, OXA complete degradation was observed in less than an hour when ozone and light were used simultaneously. Despite OMA, a compound never studied before by a combined ozonation and photolysis treatment, being highly refractory to oxidation, more than 50% was removed by photo-ozonation after 3 h of reaction. In the case of ANL, both single ozonation and photo-ozonation resulted in 100% removal in a short reaction period due to the high reactivity of ozone to attack this type of molecules; however, only the combined method leads to efficient mineralization (89%) after 3 h of reaction. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the degradation of the selected contaminants by the simultaneous use of ozone and light, since the mineralization rate of combined method is higher than the sum of the mineralization rates of the individual treatments. The promising results observed in the degradation of the selected contaminants are paving the way to the application of photo-ozonation in the treatment of wastewater containing this type of pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Orge
- a LCM - Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais - Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia , Universidade do Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, Porto 4200-465 , Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu X, Wang X, Dong L, Chang F, Luo Y. Aniline chlorination by in situ formed Ag-Cl complexes under simulated solar light irradiation. Water Sci Technol 2015; 71:1679-1685. [PMID: 26038933 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ag speciation in a chloride medium was dependent upon the Cl/Ag ratio after releasing into surface water. In this study, the photoreaction of in situ formed Ag-Cl species and their effects on aniline photochlorination were systematically investigated. Our results suggested that formation of chloroaniline was strongly relevant to the Cl/Ag ratio and could be interpreted using the thermodynamically expected speciation of Ag in the presence of Cl-. AgCl was the main species responsible for the photochlorination of aniline. Both photoinduced hole and •OH drove the oxidation of Cl- to radical •Cl, which promoted the chlorination of aniline. Ag0 formation was observed from the surface plasmon resonance absorption during AgCl photoreaction. This study revealed that Ag+ released into Cl--containing water may result in the formation of chlorinated intermediates of organic compounds under solar light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuliu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China E-mail: ; Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Fei Chang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Praveena K, Srinath S. Synthesis and characterization of CoFe2O4/polyaniline nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:4371-4376. [PMID: 24738398 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) powders were synthesized by Co-precipitation method. The as prepared ferrite powders were incorporated into a polyaniline matrix at various volumetric ratios. The as prepared composites of ferrite and polyaniline powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particle size of CoFe2O4 is found to be 20 nm. The saturation magnetization (M(s)) of all the composites was found to be decreasing with decrease of ferrite content, while coercivity (H(c)) remained at the value corresponding to pure cobalt ferrite nanopowders. The complex permittivity (epsilon' and epsilon") and permeability (mu' and mu") of composite samples were measured in the range of 1 MHz to 1.1 GHz. The value of epsilon' and mu' found to be increased with ferrite volume concentration.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ku Y, Chiu PC, Chou YC. Decomposition of aniline in aqueous solution by UV/TiO2 process with applying bias potential. J Hazard Mater 2010; 183:16-21. [PMID: 20691533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Application of bias potential to the photocatalytic decomposition of aniline in aqueous solution was studied under various solution pH, bias potentials and concentrations of potassium chloride. The decomposition of aniline by UV/TiO(2) process was found to be enhanced with the application of bias potential of lower voltages; however, the electrolysis of aniline became more dominant as the applying bias potential exceeding 1.0 V. Based on the experimental results and calculated synergetic factors, the application of bias potential improved the decomposition of aniline more noticeably in acidic solutions than that in alkaline solutions. Decomposition of aniline by UV/bias/TiO(2) process in alkaline solutions was increased to certain extent with the concentration of potassium chloride present in aqueous solution. Experimental results also indicated that the energy consumed by applying bias potential for aniline decomposition by UV/bias/TiO(2) process might be much lower than that consumed for increasing light intensity for photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ku
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Road, Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar A, Banerjee S, Saikia JP, Konwar BK. Swift heavy ion irradiation induced enhancement in the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of polyaniline nanofibers. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:175102. [PMID: 20357408 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/17/175102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers doped with HCl and CSA have been irradiated with 90 MeV O(7+) ions with fluence of 3 x 10(10), 3 x 10(11) and 1 x 10(12) ions cm(-2). TEM micrographs show a decrease in the fiber diameter with increasing irradiation fluence, which has been explained on the basis of the Coulomb explosion model. XRD analysis reveals a decrease in the crystalline domain length and an increase in the strain. The increase in d-spacing for the (100) reflection with increasing irradiation fluence is ascribed to the increase in the tilt angle of the polymer chain, which is also evident from micro-Raman spectra. UV-vis spectra of the PAni nanofibers exhibit blue-shift in the absorption bands attributed to pi-pi* band transitions indicating a reduction in particle size after SHI irradiation; as also observed in TEM micrographs. Micro-Raman spectra also reveal a transition from the benzenoid to quinoid structures in the PAni chain as the fluence is increased. Although the quinoid unit has no hydrogen for DPPH scavenging, the antioxidant activity of PAni nanofibers is found to increase with increasing fluence. This has been attributed to the availability of more reaction sites as a result of fragmentation of the PAni nanofibers which compensates for the benzenoid to quinoid transition after irradiation. The biocompatibility of the PAni nanofibers is also found to increase with increasing irradiation fluence, indicating the possibility of employing swift heavy ion irradiation as an effective technique in order to modify conducting polymer nanostructures for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fenoll Serrano J, Ruiz E, Hellín P, Lacasa A, Flores P. Enhanced dissipation of oxyfluorfen, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, propyzamide, and pendimethalin in soil by solarization and biosolarization. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:2433-2438. [PMID: 20112907 DOI: 10.1021/jf903697u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effects of solarization and biosolarization on the degradation of oxyfluorfen, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, propyzamide, and pendimethalin. The experimental design consisted of 17 L pots filled with clay-loam soil, which were contaminated with the studied herbicides. Then, soil disinfection treatments were applied during the summer season, including a control without disinfection (C), solarization (S), and biosolarization (BS). Soil from five pots per treatment was sampled periodically up to 90 days. Herbicide dissipation rates were higher in both S and BS treatments with regard to the control. Similar dissipation rates were observed under S and BS for most of the herbicides studied, except oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin, which were degraded to a greater extent in the BS than in the S treatment. The obtained results showed that both solarization and biosolarization can be considered, in addition to soil disinfection techniques, such as bioremediation tools for herbicide-polluted soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Fenoll Serrano
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, IMIDA, C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perchet G, Merlina G, Revel JC, Hafidi M, Richard C, Pinelli E. Evaluation of a TiO2 photocatalysis treatment on nitrophenols and nitramines contaminated plant wastewaters by solid-phase extraction coupled with ESI HPLC-MS. J Hazard Mater 2009; 166:284-290. [PMID: 19111394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitration reactions of aromatic compounds are commonly involved in different industrial processes for pharmaceutical, pesticide or military uses. For many years, most of the manufacturing sites used lagooning systems to treat their process effluents. In view of a photocatalytic degradation assay, the wastewater of a lagoon was investigated by using HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry. The wastewater was highly concentrated in RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and two herbicides Dinoterb (2-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) and Dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). First of all, an analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with HPLC ESI MS/MS was put in work for identification and titration of RDX, HMX and the two dinitrophenols in a complex natural matrix. Then, the UV/TiO2 treatment was investigated for pollutants removal. Dinitrophenolic compounds were significantly degraded after a 8-h-exposition of the wastewater/TiO2 suspension, whereas RDX and HMX were poorly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Perchet
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle (ECOLAB), UPS, INP, ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma H, Wang M, Pu C, Zhang J, Zhao S, Yao S, Xiong J. Transient and steady-state photolysis of p-nitroaniline in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 2009; 165:867-873. [PMID: 19062165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both transient photolysis and steady-state photo-degradation experiments were performed to gain insight into the kinetics and mechanisms of degradation of p-nitroaniline (p-NA) in aqueous solutions. Monophotonic photo-ionization of p-NA was characterized by 266 nm Laser Flash Photolysis (LFP). The quantum yield of e(aq)(-) was calculated. Radical cations and neutral radicals of p-NA were identified, respectively. The LFP of p-NA with H(2)O(2) in aqueous solutions was investigated for the first time. For steady-state photo-degradation, degradation of p-NA was observed at diverse irradiation conditions under 254 nm UV light. Direct photo-degradation of p-NA by 254 nm UV light in aqueous solution was very difficult. Once H(2)O(2) was added into the experimental system, degradation of p-NA was enhanced remarkably. In the absence of O(2), degradation rate increased rapidly along with the irradiation time and reached 80% at 10 min. p-NA could be totally removed after 15 min in UV/H(2)O(2) process. In the presence of O(2) and H(2)O(2), degradation rate increased linearly along with the irradiation time and reached 80% at 7.5 min. p-NA could be totally removed after 10 min. The mechanisms behind the photo-degradation of p-NA were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bayrakçeken F. High resolution absorption spectrum of dianilino in the vapor phase. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 71:2026-2029. [PMID: 18849190 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical properties of diradical in the first excited state is recorded for the very first time with the IR, band structure for dianilino molecule at room temperature, in the vapor phase. In this experiment high resolution absorption spectra of anilino free radical, dianilino, aniline in the vapor phase and silicon dioxide in the solid state were recorded by flash photolysis technique photographically. Silicon dioxide absorption band between 250 and 255 nm were also observed for the reaction cell, because the cell and windows of the cell material were spectrosilica grade fused quartz. And this absorption band also used as wavelength calibration for all the photoproducts formed in the reaction cell during optical pumping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Bayrakçeken
- Yeditepe University, Division of Optical Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gomathi Devi LN, Krishnamurthy G. Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide pendimethalin using nanoparticles of BaTiO3/TiO2 prepared by gel to crystalline conversion method: a kinetic approach. J Environ Sci Health B 2008; 43:553-561. [PMID: 18803109 DOI: 10.1080/03601230802234351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide, pendimethalin (PM) was investigated with BaTiO3/TiO2 UV light system in the presence of peroxide and persulphate species in aqueous medium. The nanoparticles of BaTiO3 and TiO2 were obtained by gel to crystallite conversion method. These photo catalysts are characterized by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm and reflectance spectral studies. The quantum yields for TiO2 and BaTiO3 for the degradation reactions are 3.166 Einstein m(-2) s(-1) and 2.729 Einstein m(-2) s(-1) and catalytic efficiencies are 6.0444 x 10(-7) mg(-2)h(-1)L2 and 5.403 x 10(-7) mg(-2)h(-1)L2, respectively as calculated from experimental results. BaTiO3 exhibited comparable photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of pendimethalin as the most widely used TiO2 photocatalyst. The persulphate played an important role in enhancing the rate of degradation of pendimethalin when compared to hydrogen peroxide. The degradation process of pendimethalin followed the first-order kinetics and it is in agreement with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model of surface mechanism. The reason for high stability of pendimethalin for UV-degradation even in the presence of catalyst and oxidizing agents were explored. The higher rate of degradation was observed in alkaline medium at pH 11. The degradation process was monitored by spectroscopic techniques such as ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The major intermediate products identified were: N-propyl-2-nitro-6-amino-3, 4-xylidine, (2, 3-dimethyl-5-nitro-6-hydroxy amine) phenol and N-Propyl-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline by GC-MS analysis and the probable reaction mechanism has been proposed based on these products.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun JH, Sun SP, Fan MH, Guo HQ, Lee YF, Sun RX. Oxidative decomposition of p-nitroaniline in water by solar photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process. J Hazard Mater 2008; 153:187-93. [PMID: 17889432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of p-nitroaniline (PNA) in water by solar photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process was investigated in this study. The effects of different reaction parameters including pH value of solutions, dosages of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion, initial PNA concentration and temperature on the degradation of PNA have been studied. The optimum conditions for the degradation of PNA in water were considered to be: the pH value at 3.0, 10 mmol L(-1) H(2)O(2), 0.05 mmol L(-1) Fe(2+), 0.072-0.217 mmol L(-1) PNA and temperature at 20 degrees C. Under the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiencies of PNA were more than 98% within 30 min reaction. The degradation characteristic of PNA showed that the conjugated pi systems of the aromatic ring in PNA molecules were effectively destructed. The experimental results indicated solar photo-Fenton process has more advantages compared with classical Fenton process, such as higher oxidation power, wider working pH range, lower ferrous ion usage, etc. Furthermore, the present study showed the potential use of solar photo-Fenton process for PNA containing wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schroeder WF, Cook WD, Vallo CI. Photopolymerization of N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol as amine co-initiator for light-cured dental resins. Dent Mater 2008; 24:686-93. [PMID: 17804051 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out in order to assess the suitability of N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) as co-initiator of camphorquinone (CQ) and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) in light-cured dental resins. METHODS DMOH was synthesized and used as co-initiator for the photopolymerization of a model resin based on {2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxyprop-1-oxy)phenyl]propane} (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Experimental formulations containing CQ or PPD in combination with DMOH at different concentrations were studied. The photopolymerization was carried out by means of a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit. The evolution of double bonds consumption versus irradiation time was followed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the photopolymerization process was calculated from the spectral distribution of the LED unit and the molar absorption coefficient distributions of PPD and CQ. RESULTS DMOH is an efficient photoreducer of CQ and PPD resulting in higher polymerization rate and higher double bond conversion compared with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. The PAE for PPD was higher than that for CQ. However, the polymerization initiated by PPD progressed at a lower rate and exhibited lower values of final conversion compared with the resins containing CQ. This observation indicates that the lower polymerization rate of the PPD/amine system should be explained in terms of the mechanism of generating primary radicals by PPD, which is less efficient compared with CQ. SIGNIFICANCE The DMOH/benzoyl peroxide redox system, has recently been proposed as a more biocompatible accelerator for the polymerization of bone cements based on poly(methyl methacrylate), because cytotoxity tests have demonstrated that DMOH possesses better biocompatibility properties compared with traditional tertiary amines. The results obtained in the present study reveal the suitability of the CQ/DMOH initiator system for the polymerization of light-cured dental composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter F Schroeder
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang L, Zhang C, Wu F, Deng N. Photodegradation of aniline in aqueous suspensions of microalgae. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2007; 87:49-57. [PMID: 17291777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photodegradation of aniline was investigated using freshwater algae suspended in aqueous media under metal halide light (250 W). Four algal species were used: Nitzschia hantzschiana, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sajao and Anabaena cylindrica. Reactions were carried out under aerobic conditions. The photodegradation rate of aniline was accelerated by the algae. In the A. cylindrica suspensions, with cell density ranging from 2.5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) to 6.5 x 10(6) cells mL(-1), the photodegradation rate of aniline was increased from 10% to 80% and rate constant k increased from 1.86 x 10(-3) min(-1) to 9.66 x 10(-3) min(-1). Reactive oxygen species were thought to be the main reason for the degradation of aniline. Hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen photogenerated in the algal suspensions were detected. The maximum singlet oxygen yield was 75 microM in the presence of 1.0 x 10(6) cells mL(-1)C. sajao. About 5 microM hydroxyl radicals were generated in the 4-h reaction. Oxygen played an important role in the formation of reactive oxygen species in the algal suspensions. The nature of the algae facilitating the photodegradation of aniline was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chu W, Choy WK, So TY. The effect of solution pH and peroxide in the TiO2-induced photocatalysis of chlorinated aniline. J Hazard Mater 2007; 141:86-91. [PMID: 16916576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated anilines are frequently used in the industry as starting materials for chemical synthesis. This type of compounds can end up as pollutants in wastewater. 2-Chloroaniline (2-ClA) was selected irradiating under monochromatic UV light at 300nm. The reaction rate could be enhanced by introducing low level of H(2)O(2) into the UV/TiO(2) system. Excess H(2)O(2) could not increase the HO* generation but retarded the reaction rate. The pH effect was also investigated in UV/TiO(2) and UV/TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) systems. All the experimental results show that pH is a sensitive parameter to the rate of degradation. Low reaction rate at acidic pH could be accounted by the dark adsorption test which has also proven the photocatalysis of TiO(2) may contribute to a two-step process: (1) 2-ClA pre-adsorbed onto TiO(2) and (2) photoexcitation of TiO(2). At high pH, rate enhancement could be observed at UV/TiO(2) system because of the increase generation of HO*. However, the introduction of H(2)O(2) slowdown the decay rate at such alkaline medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chu
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The influencing factors and mechanism of ultrasound (US)/ozone (O3) combination degradation of aniline in water were investigated. An increment of approximately 64% of aniline reduction and 110% of TOC reduction were observed with respect to the addition of the separated O3 and US systems, proving US/O3 technology had significant synergetic effects. Excellent removal performance was observed in the degradation with US/O3. With the initial concentration of aniline at 100 mg l(-1), the energy density of ultrasound at 0.1 W ml(-1) and the flow rate of ozone at 2 mg min(-1), the removal efficiency of aniline would be at least 82% and that of TOC would be at least 20% after reaction for 5 min. Major by-products included nitrobenzene, p-benzoquinone, p-aminophenol, carboxylic acid, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jing X, Wang Y, Wu D, Qiang J. Sonochemical synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers. Ultrason Sonochem 2007; 14:75-80. [PMID: 16621653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, micro-sized irregular polyaniline (PANI) particles were synthesized by dropwise addition of the ammonium persulfate (APS) solution into the aniline (ANI) solution with mechanical stirring. By replacing the mechanical stirring with an ultrasonic irradiation, PANI nanofibers in diameters of approximately 50 nm and lengths of 200 nm to several micrometers were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that at the early stage of polymerization, the polymers formed in both the mechanical stirred and ultrasonicated systems are in the form of nanofiber. However, with continuing of the reaction, these primary nanofibers grow and agglomerate into irregular shaped PANI particles in the mechanical stirred system, while in the case of the ultrasonic irradiation, the growth and agglomeration are effectively prevented, preserving thus the PANI nanofibers in the final product. By increasing the APS/ANI molar ratio from 0.5 to 2.5, the aspect ratios of the PANI nanofibers decreased. The PANI nanofibers exhibit higher solubility than the irregular shaped PANI particles. Although the yield, as well as the conductivity of the ultrasonic synthesized PANI nanofibers, was slightly lower than the irregular shaped PANI particles, the ultrasonic synthesis approach is one of the facile and scalable approaches in synthesizing PANI nanofibers in comparison with other ones without use of templates (e.g., the interfacial polymerization and rapid mixing polymerization). UV-Vis and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated ultrasound had no significant effect on the chemical structure of the PANI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The photochemistry of p-azidoaniline was studied in argon matrices in the absence and presence of oxygen. With the help of quantum chemical calculations we were able to characterize the triplet p-aminophenylnitrene as well as the cis- and trans-p-aminophenylnitroso oxides. It was found that the latter two isomers can be interconverted by selective irradiation and that they are ultimately converted into p-nitroaniline. Although restricted wavefunctions of the nitroso oxides are unstable, CASSCF calculations turned up no evidence for the claimed diradical character of these compounds. Also we found no evidence for dioxaziridines as intermediates of the conversion of the nitroso oxides to p-nitroaniline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Pritchina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang L, Yang Z, Cao W. Stable thin films and hollow spheres composing chiral polyaniline composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 292:503-8. [PMID: 16055139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral polyaniline composite (CPAC) thin films were fabricated by self-assembly using diazoresin (DR) and CPAC. The weak linkage between the DR and CPAC of the film will convert to covalent bonds under UV irradiation or heating, and the thin film becomes very stable toward polar solvents and electrolyte aqueous solutions. Core-shell particles with stable DR/CPAC shell and polystyrene (PS) core can be prepared by similar methods. After the PS core is removed by chemical etching, stable DR/CPAC hollow spheres were obtained. Circular dichroism spectra and cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the DR/CPAC thin films are chirally active and possess good electrochemical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen F, He J, Nuckolls C, Roberts T, Klare JE, Lindsay S. A molecular switch based on potential-induced changes of oxidation state. Nano Lett 2005; 5:503-6. [PMID: 15755102 DOI: 10.1021/nl0478474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the conductance of a hepta-aniline oligomer attached to gold electrodes held under potential control in electrolyte. It increases fifteen-fold (to 5.3+/-0.4 nS) on oxidation from the leucoemeraldine form to the emeraldine salt. The single-molecule current-voltage characteristic, linear in toluene, displays negative differential resistance in an acidic electrolyte. The negative differential resistance is accounted for by modification of the local surface potential by the applied bias. These results connect electrochemical data directly to molecular electronic behavior in a two-terminal device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Degli Esposti A, Fattori V, Sabatini C, Casalbore-Miceli G, Marconi G. The electron transfer rate of large TPA based compounds: a joint theoretical and electrochemical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3738-43. [PMID: 16358023 DOI: 10.1039/b509149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of triphenylamine (TPA) based compounds is investigated by means of density functional theory and cyclic voltammetry. Using the Nicholson's formalism, the measured deltaE(p) are correlated with B3LYP/6-31G* calculated reorganisation energies (lambda), elucidating the trend followed by the electron transfer rate of these compounds. Besides the direct dependency upon the dimension of the cationic fragment contributing to the hole stabilisation, the lambdas are tuned by the symmetry local to the TPA units, as evidenced by the structural relaxation of the cations. MDTAB shows the interesting combination of low ionisation potential (IP) and low lambda. This can make this compound interesting for practical applications in organic light emitting diode (OLEDs) devices, due to the direct correlation of the IP and lambda with the hole transfer efficiency to the anode, along with the hole mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Degli Esposti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), CNR, via P. Gobetti, 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Afroz F, Barone AD, Bury PA, Chen C, Cuppoletti A, Kuimelis RG, Li H, McGall GH. Photo-Removable Protecting Groups for in Situ DNA Microarray Synthesis. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1936-9. [PMID: 15484331 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.037333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Afroz
- Affymetrix Research Laboratories, Affymetrix, Inc., 3380 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tan S, Zhai J, Xue B, Wan M, Meng Q, Li Y, Jiang L, Zhu D. Property influence of polyanilines on photovoltaic behaviors of dye-sensitized solar cells. Langmuir 2004; 20:2934-2937. [PMID: 15835175 DOI: 10.1021/la036260m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of polyanilines (PANIs) as hole conductors on the photovoltaic behaviors of dye-sensitized solar cells is studied. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) curves of the devices are determined as the function of different conductivities and morphologies of PANIs. The results show that the conductivity of PANIs affects the performance of the devices greatly, and PANI with the intermediate conductivity value (3.5 S/cm) is optimum. In addition, the effects of both the film formation property and the cluster size of polyanilines on the photovoltaic behaviors of the devices are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Tan
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
De Jesús MA, Giesfeldt KS, Sepaniak MJ. Use of a sample translation technique to minimize adverse effects of laser irradiation in surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry. Appl Spectrosc 2003; 57:428-38. [PMID: 14658640 DOI: 10.1366/00037020360625970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has proven to be a very powerful tool in the analysis of a wide range of compounds. However, continuous irradiation of the laser beam over the SERS substrate can promote the gross decomposition of the sample analytes and significantly broaden and diminish the intensities of observed spectral bands. In addition, the incident radiation can promote thermal or photolytic fragmentation of analytes, thereby altering the observable bands and possibly leading to a misinterpretation of analytical data. Finally, chemical or morphological changes in the SERS substrate are possible. This work presents the use of a sample translation technique (STT) as a means to minimize these adverse effects. By spinning the sample rapidly, the effective residence time of analytes and substrate within the irradiated zone is dramatically decreased without reduction of spectral acquisition time or the density of analyte in the zone. The technique is studied by acquiring SERS spectra of Naproxen USP, riboflavin, folic acid, Rhodamine 6G, and 4-aminothiophenol using silver islands on glass and silver-poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite substrates under various spinning and stationary conditions. In all cases, spectra show improvements upon spinning at laser powers as low as 4.2 (+/- 0.1) mW. Specific differences in the appearance of the spectra and the potential use of STT for improved SERS qualitative and quantitative determinations are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A De Jesús
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Chemistry, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sánchez M, Getoff N, Sümegi L, Zona R. Degradation of aqueous 4-chloroaniline by ozonolysis and combined gamma-rays-ozone processing. Z NATURFORSCH C 2002; 57:1047-50. [PMID: 12562092 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2002-11-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition of 4-chloroaniline (4-ClA), used as a model for water pollutants, was studied by ozonolysis as well as by gamma-rays in the presence of ozone under comparable conditions. The degradation process was followed by absorption spectroscopy and by HPLC-method as well. Depending on the ozone concentration (mg O3/min) introduced into the aqueous solution the substrate is decomposed to a mixture of carboxylic acids, which can be entirely degradated by prolonged treatment. The combined processing of 4-ClA by gamma-irradiation in the presence of ozone proved to lead even to more efficient degradation of the substrate. Some primary reaction steps are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez
- Centro Atomico Ezeiza, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Presbiterio Juan Gonzales y Argon 15 (B1802 AYA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
A study was performed on the oxidizing degradation of 2-chloroaniline (used as a model pollutant in water) by photolysis (lambda = 254 nm). The change of spectrum and substrate concentration of treated solutions was measured spectrophotometrically as well as by HPLC. The yields of the degradation products (chloride ions, ammonium ions, formaldehyde, etc.) were studied as a function of UV-dose. Their initial quantum yields (Qi) were determined by specific analysis. It was shown that the substrate photolysis in the presence of N2O is most efficient, followed by degradation in media saturated with pure oxygen and air. A probable reaction mechanism for the photo-induced degradation of 2-ClA is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Katrin Winarno
- Centre for the Research and Development of Isotopes and Radiation Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saha T, Bhattacharyya A. Photolysis of fluchloralin in aqueous methanol. Pest Manag Sci 2002; 58:179-182. [PMID: 11852643 DOI: 10.1002/ps.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of fluchloralin by UV irradiation or sunlight in aqueous methanolic solution has been examined. In the presence of titanium dioxide five photoproducts were obtained, but only four in its absence. One photoproduct, 2, 2'-azoxy-bis(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-6-nitro-p-toluidine) is reported for the first time as a metabolite of fluchloralin. In natural sunlight the rate of degradation was higher than in UV light and titanium dioxide had almost no effect on the rate of degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Saha
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Santoro A, Mansour M, Tropea M, Scopa A, Bufo SA. Residue analysis of imazapyr and chlozolinate in water using sunlight. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 63:33-38. [PMID: 10423480 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Santoro
- University of Catania, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Via S. Sofia 98, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This paper describes the results obtained in the optimization of the composition of dental sealants in relation to the nature and proportions of monomer mixtures and photoinitiating system employed. The quantification and variation of certain parameters which determine the quality of a dental sealant (such as viscosity and penetrating power, residual double bonds, solubility and absorption, volume shrinkage and certain specific mechanical properties) have resulted in the development of new formulations. The composition which has achieved the best results of all the above properties was that corresponding to the monomer mixture bis-GMA/tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) 40/60 wt%, and the photoinitiating system camphorquinone (CQ) with co-initiators N,N,3,5-tetramethyaniline (TMA) or N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) in the ratio 1:1. The final properties and characteristics of the obtained formulations are superior to those of commercial dental sealants currently in use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Davidenko
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sakamaki K, Ida M, Inoue T, Takeda M, Hirayama Y, Fusayasu K, Nakamura T. Measurement of integral absorbed dose by chemical dosimeter in panoramic tomography. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1978; 25:109-12. [PMID: 275009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As an aqueous chemical dosimeter for measuring ionizing radiation, the chemical 4,4' (5-chloro-2-thenilidene) bis [N,N-dimethylaniline], a derivative of the leuco triarylmethane compounds was used. This chemical dosimeter is an aqueous solution composed of 10(-4) M leuco compounds, 10(-4) M ferrous ammonium sulfate, 10(-4) M sodium chloride and 7 X 10(-3) M of hydrochloric acid. This solution is colourless but it becomes blue-green or bright blue after irradiation. The optical density of this solution at the main absorption peak of 635 millimicron increases linearly with the increasing x-ray dose of from 50R to 2,000 R and no dose-rate dependence is found from 13.5 R/min to 270 R/min of 60Co gamma-ray, 896 gram rads was the measured value of the integral absorbed dose per exposure in panoramic tomography (Orthopantomograph type OP-2).
Collapse
|
37
|
Zweig JI, Herz ML, McLaughlin WL, Bhuthimethee V. Drug activation by gamma irradiation: a new direction for molecular design. Part I: In vitro and in vivo studies of a substituted polyaminoaryl nitrile. Cancer Treat Rep 1977; 61:419-23. [PMID: 872141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disodium salt of 4-diethyl aminophenyl-4',4''-bis(3-sulfobenzyl ethyl aminophenyl)acetonitrile was made and studied. It was found to release cyanide lineraly with exposure to ionizing radiation. When administered ip to mice, it was absorbed in significant amounts and retained its ability to cleave upon irradiation. Based upon this, we gathered evidence and proposed that it is feasible to design a non-toxic compound which when exposed to ionizing radiation would yield predictable reactive end products that would remain localized and augment the effects of irradiation upon a neoplasm.
Collapse
|
38
|
Knight JA. Radiolysis of aniline. Radiat Res 1972; 51:590-8. [PMID: 5056747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Roth HJ, Michel K. [Irradiation of 2-morpholinomethyl-phenol in tetrahydrofuran. 1. Photochemistry of 2-aminomethylphenol]. Arch Pharm Ber Dtsch Pharm Ges 1971; 304:278-87. [PMID: 5281056 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19713040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
Photolysis of mixtures of certain alkyl halides and aromatic amines produces dehalogenation of the halide. These reactions involve a photoinduced charge transfer from the amine to the halide. Photolysis of tritolylamine and carbon tetrachloride produces tritolylaminium chloride. Photolysis of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and diethylaniline at 3100 angstroms yields 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), p,p'-dichlorobenzophenone (DDCO), and hydrogen chloride. Photolysis of DDT does not occur unless an inducer which has a low ionization potential, such as diethylaniline, is present. The DDT-diethylaniline mixture is stable in the dark, and the induced photolysis is not affected by triplet quenchers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Phillips GO, Worthington NW. Effects of ionizing radiations on glucuronic acid. Radiat Res 1970; 43:34-44. [PMID: 5429848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
42
|
Fayadh JM, Swan GA. The chemical effects of gamma-radiation on organic systems. XIV. Action of radiation on NN-dimethylaniline and other aromatic tertiary amines. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1969; 13:1775-80. [PMID: 5817979 DOI: 10.1039/j39690001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
KUMAGI H. [Studies on the indirect action of radiations. 17. Effect of x-ray irradiation on aqueous solution of aniline]. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 1962; 21:971-80. [PMID: 14036942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|