1
|
Huang J, Li L, Jiang T, Xie L, Zhang R. Mantle tissue in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata secretes immune components via vesicle transportation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:116-123. [PMID: 34995768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molluscan bivalves secrete shell matrices into the extrapallial space (EPS) to guide the precipitation of rigid shells. Meanwhile, immune components are present in the EPS and shell matrices, which are pivotal in resistant to invaded pathogens, thus ensuring the shell formation process. However, the origin of these components remains unclear. In this study, we revealed numerous vesicles were secreted from the outer mantle epithelial cells by using light and electron microscopes. The secreted vesicles were isolated by gradient centrifugation and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Proteomics analysis showed that the secreted vesicles were composed of cytoplasmic and immune components, most of which do not have signal peptides, indicating that they were secreted by a non-classical pathway. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed that some immune components were highly expressed in the mantle tissue, compared to the hemocytes. FTIR analysis verified the presence of lipids in the shell matrices, indicating that the vesicles have integrated into the shell layers. Taken together, our results suggested that mantle epithelial cells secreted some important immune components into the EPS via secreted vesicle transportation, thus cooperating with the hemocytes to play a vital role in immunity during shell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Taifeng Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Cardoso JCR, Peng M, Inácio JPS, Power DM. Evolution and Potential Function in Molluscs of Neuropeptide and Receptor Homologues of the Insect Allatostatins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725022. [PMID: 34659116 PMCID: PMC8514136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs), AST-A, AST-B and AST-C, have mainly been investigated in insects. They are a large group of small pleotropic alloregulatory neuropeptides that are unrelated in sequence and activate receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCRs). The characteristics and functions of the homologue systems in the molluscs (Buccalin, MIP and AST-C-like), the second most diverse group of protostomes after the arthropods, and of high interest for evolutionary studies due to their less rearranged genomes remains to be explored. In the present study their evolution is deciphered in molluscs and putative functions assigned in bivalves through meta-analysis of transcriptomes and experiments. Homologues of the three arthropod AST-type peptide precursors were identified in molluscs and produce a larger number of mature peptides than in insects. The number of putative receptors were also distinct across mollusc species due to lineage and species-specific duplications. Our evolutionary analysis of the receptors identified for the first time in a mollusc, the cephalopod, GALR-like genes, which challenges the accepted paradigm that AST-AR/buccalin-Rs are the orthologues of vertebrate GALRs in protostomes. Tissue transcriptomes revealed the peptides, and their putative receptors have a widespread distribution in bivalves and in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, elements of the three peptide-receptor systems are highly abundant in the mantle an innate immune barrier tissue. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis to lipopolysaccharide or a marine pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, provoked significant modifications in the expression of genes of the peptide precursor and receptors of the AST-C-like system in the mantle suggesting involvement in the immune response. Overall, our study reveals that homologues of the arthropod AST-systems in molluscs are potentially more complex due to the greater number of putative mature peptides and receptor genes. In bivalves they have a broad and varying tissue distribution and abundance, and the elements of the AST-C-like family may have a putative function in the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Inácio
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Z, Xie B, Cai W, Yang C, Du X. Identification of a long non-coding RNA (LncMSEN2) from pearl oyster and its potential roles in exoskeleton formation and LPS stimulation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 103:403-408. [PMID: 32446968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory roles in various biological processes, including exoskeleton formation and immune response. The exoskeleton-based mantle-shell defense system is an important defense mechanism in shellfish. In this study, we found a novel lncRNA, herein formally named, LncMSEN2, from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucuta martensii, and its sequence was validated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LncMSEN2 was highly expressed in mantle tissues, especially in the central region (P < 0.05), and was also expressed in the pearl sac as detected by quantitative real-time PCR. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that LncMSEN2 had a strong positive signal in the inner and outer epidermal cells of the mantle pallial and central regions. RNA interference experiments showed that interference of LncMSEN2 expression with dsRNA in mantle tissues led to an abnormal crystal structure of the nacre. In addition, LncMSEN2 expression significantly increased 6 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in mantle tissues (P < 0.05). These results indicated that LncMSEN2 may be a novel regulator of the mantle-shell defense system of pearl oyster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Bingyi Xie
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Weiyu Cai
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qu C, Liu S, Tang Z, Li J, Liao Z, Qi P. Response of a novel selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to lipopolysaccharide, copper and benzo[α]pyrene. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 89:595-602. [PMID: 30991153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays an important antioxidant role in cellular defense against environmental stress. In the present study, a novel selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase termed McSeGPx firstly identified in thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. McSeGPx consists of 197 amino acid residues, characterized with one selenocysteine residue encoded by an opal stop codon TGA, one selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR), two active site motifs and one signature sequence motif. McSeGPx transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, and were significantly induced in gills and digestive glands with the stimulations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), copper (Cu) and benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P). Additionally, rough increases in McSeGPx activity were detected in both tissues under the challenge of LPS, Cu and B[α]P. Collectively, these results suggested that McSeGPx affiliate to selenocysteine dependent GPx (SeGPx) family and might play an important role in mediating the environmental stressors and antioxidant response in M. coruscus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shuobo Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zurong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jiji Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mao J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Tian Y, Wang X, Hao Z, Chang Y. Transcriptional changes in the Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) shellinfested by Polydora provide insights into the molecular mechanism of shell formation and immunomodulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17664. [PMID: 30518937 PMCID: PMC6281612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is one of the most important aquaculture species in Asian countries; however, it has suffered severe infection by Polydora in northern China in recent years, causing great economic losses. The Polydora parasitizes the shell of scallops, badly destroying the shell's structure. To investigate the molecular response mechanism of M. yessoensis to Polydora infestion, a comprehensive and niche-targeted cDNA sequence database for diseased scallops was constructed. Additionally, the transcriptional changes in the edge mantle, central mantle and hemocytes, tissues directly related to the disease, were first described in this study. The results showed that genes involved in shell formation and immunomodulation were significantly differentially expressed due to the infestation. Different transcriptional changes existed between the two mantle regions, indicating the different molecular functions likely responsible for the formation of different shell layers. The differential expression of genes for immune recognition, signal transduction and pathogen elimination presented an integrated immune response process in scallops. Moreover, neuromodulation and glycometabolism involved in the regulation process with relevant function significantly enriched. The study provides valuable information for mechanism study of shell formation and immunomodulation in scallops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kryukov VY, Tomilova OG, Luzina OA, Yaroslavtseva ON, Akhanaev YB, Tyurin MV, Duisembekov BA, Salakhutdinov NF, Glupov VV. Effects of fluorine-containing usnic acid and fungus Beauveria bassiana on the survival and immune-physiological reactions of Colorado potato beetle larvae. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:598-606. [PMID: 28945317 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for compounds that interact synergistically with entomopathogenic fungi is aimed at enhancing the efficacy and stability of biological products against pest insects, for example, against the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). We hypothesized that fluorine-containing derivatives of usnic acid (FUA) might be candidates for the development of multicomponent bio-insecticides. The aim of this study was to analyze the co-influence of FUA and Beauveria bassiana on the survival and immune-physiological reactions of CPB larvae. RESULTS Synergy between FUA and B. bassiana was observed after treatment of second, third and fourth larvae instars under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, synergy was observed in field trials in continental climate conditions in southeastern Kazakhstan. In a field experiment, the median lethal time was shortened three-fold, and cumulative mortality for 15 days increased by 36% in the combined treatment compared with a fungal infection alone. FUA treatment delayed larval development, decreased the total hemocyte count, and increased both the phenoloxidase activity in integuments and the detoxification enzyme rate in hemolymph. A combined treatment with fungus and FUA led to increases in the aforementioned changes. CONCLUSION Toxicosis caused by FUA provides a stable synergistic effect between FUA and B. bassiana. The combination can be promising for the development of highly efficient products against CPB. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yu Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana G Tomilova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga A Luzina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga N Yaroslavtseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy B Akhanaev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maksim V Tyurin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Calvo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Estévez D, Lorenzo-Abalde S, Sánchez-Correa B, Quiroga MI, Fuentes JM, González-Fernández Á. Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Directed against Mytilus spp Larvae Reveals an Antigen Involved in Shell Biomineralization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152210. [PMID: 27008638 PMCID: PMC4805170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The M22.8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) developed against an antigen expressed at the mussel larval and postlarval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis was studied on adult samples. Antigenic characterization by Western blot showed that the antigen MSP22.8 has a restricted distribution that includes mantle edge tissue, extrapallial fluid, extrapallial fluid hemocytes, and the shell organic matrix of adult samples. Other tissues such as central mantle, gonadal tissue, digestive gland, labial palps, foot, and byssal retractor muscle did not express the antigen. Immunohistochemistry assays identified MSP22.8 in cells located in the outer fold epithelium of the mantle edge up to the pallial line. Flow cytometry analysis showed that hemocytes from the extrapallial fluid also contain the antigen intracellularly. Furthermore, hemocytes from hemolymph have the ability to internalize the antigen when exposed to a cell-free extrapallial fluid solution. Our findings indicate that hemocytes could play an important role in the biomineralization process and, as a consequence, they have been included in a model of shell formation. This is the first report concerning a protein secreted by the mantle edge into the extrapallial space and how it becomes part of the shell matrix framework in M. galloprovincialis mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calvo-Iglesias
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Lorenzo-Abalde
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Correa
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M. Fuentes
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Medio Rural e do Mar, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mars Brisbin M, McElroy AE, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Antimicrobial activity in the cuticle of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 44:542-546. [PMID: 25804485 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
American lobster, Homarus americanus, continues to be an ecologically and socioeconomically important species despite a severe decline in catches from Southern New England and Long Island Sound (USA) and a high prevalence of epizootic shell disease in these populations. A better understanding of lobster immune defenses remains necessary. Cuticle material collected from Long Island Sound lobsters was found to be active against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Gram-negative and -positive species. The antimicrobial activity was characterized by boiling, muffling, and size fractioning. Boiling did not significantly reduce activity, while muffling did have a significant effect, suggesting that the active component is organic and heat stable. Size fractioning with 3 and 10 kDa filters did not significantly affect activity. Fast protein liquid chromatography fractions were also tested for antimicrobial activity, and fractions exhibiting protein peaks remained active. MALDI mass spectrometry revealed peptide peaks at 1.6, 2.8, 4.6, and 5.6 kDa. The data presented suggest that one or several antimicrobial peptides contribute to antimicrobial activity present in the American lobster cuticle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mars Brisbin
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeffroy F, Brulle F, Paillard C. Differential expression of genes involved in immunity and biomineralization during Brown Ring Disease development and shell repair in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 113:129-36. [PMID: 23500956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe drop in Manila clams production in French aquacultured fields since the end of the 1980's is associated to Brown Ring Disease (BRD). This disease, caused by the bacteria Vibrio tapetis, is characterized by specific symptoms on the inner face of the shell. Diseased animals develop conchiolin deposit to enrobe bacteria and form new calcified layers on the shell. Suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to identify genes differentially expressed during the early interaction of V. tapetis and Ruditapes philippinarum. Results revealed 301 unique genes differentially expressed during V. tapetis challenge. Several candidates involved in immune and biomineralization processes were selected from libraries. Transcriptional expression of selected candidates was determined in hemolymph and mantle tissues and revealed spatial and temporal variations. At 56 days after infection, when clams were in phase of shell repair, transcripts of galectin and ferritin in hemocytes showed higher expression. Ca-like and serpin transcripts were specifically expressed in mantle and could contribute to defense against BRD.
Collapse
|