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Bricker TL, Joshi A, Soudani N, Scheaffer SM, Patel N, Guebre-Xabier M, Smith G, Diamond MS, Boon ACM. Prototype and BA.5 protein nanoparticle vaccines protect against Omicron BA.5 variant in Syrian hamsters. J Virol 2024; 98:e0120623. [PMID: 38305154 PMCID: PMC10994816 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01206-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with greater transmissibility or immune evasion properties has jeopardized the existing vaccine and antibody-based countermeasures. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of boosting pre-immune hamsters with protein nanoparticle vaccines (Novavax, Inc.) containing recombinant Prototype (Wuhan-1) or BA.5 S proteins against a challenge with the Omicron BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Serum antibody binding and neutralization titers were quantified before challenge, and viral loads were measured 3 days after challenge. Boosting with Prototype or BA.5 vaccine induced similar antibody binding responses against ancestral Wuhan-1 or BA.5 S proteins, and neutralizing activity of Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. One and three months after vaccine boosting, hamsters were challenged with the Omicron BA.5 variant. Prototype and BA.5 vaccine-boosted hamsters had reduced viral infection in the nasal washes, nasal turbinates, and lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. Although no significant differences in virus load were detected between the Prototype and BA.5 vaccine-boosted animals, fewer breakthrough infections were detected in the BA.5-vaccinated hamsters. Thus, immunity induced by Prototype or BA.5 S protein nanoparticle vaccine boosting can protect against the Omicron BA.5 variant in the Syrian hamster model. IMPORTANCE As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there may be a need to update the vaccines to match the newly emerging variants. Here, we compared the protective efficacy of the updated BA.5 and the original Wuhan-1 COVID-19 vaccine against a challenge with the BA.5 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters. Both vaccines induced similar levels of neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2. One and three months after the final immunization, hamsters were challenged with BA.5. No differences in protection against the BA.5 variant virus were observed between the two vaccines, although fewer breakthrough infections were detected in the BA.5-vaccinated hamsters. Together, our data show that both protein nanoparticle vaccines are effective against the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2 but given the increased number of breakthrough infections and continued evolution, it is important to update the COVID-19 vaccine for long-term protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Xu N, Xu Y, Dai R, Zheng L, Qin P, Wan P, Yang Y, Jiang J, Zhang H, Hu X, Lv H. Study of efficacy and antibody duration to fourth-dose booster of Ad5-nCoV or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244373. [PMID: 37736100 PMCID: PMC10510200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction China experienced a record surge of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in December 2022, during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a randomized, parallel-controlled prospective cohort study to evaluate efficacy and antibody duration after a fourth-dose booster with Ad5-nCoV or inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Results A total of 191 participants aged ≥18 years who had completed a three-dose regimen of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 6 months earlier were recruited to receive the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV booster or the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The Ad5-nCoV group had significantly higher antibody levels compared with the inactivated vaccine group at 6 months after the fourth vaccination dose. After the pandemic, the breakthrough infection rate for the Ad5-nCoV and the inactivated vaccine groups was 77.89% and 78.13%, respectively. Survival curve analysis (p = 0.872) and multivariable logistic regression analysis (p = 0.956) showed no statistically significant differences in breakthrough infection between the two groups. Discussion Compared with a homologous fourth dose, a heterologous fourth dose of Ad5-nCoV elicited a higher immunogenic response in healthy adults who had been immunized with three doses of inactivated vaccine. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the two vaccine types was equivalent after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Xu
- Department of Immunization Program, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Vaccine, Clinical Trials, CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Immunization Program, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Qin
- Department of Immunization Program, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Vaccine, Clinical Trials, CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yejing Yang
- Department of Immunization Program, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjie Zhang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Immunization Program, Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huakun Lv
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Thy M, Peiffer-Smadja N, Mailhe M, Kramer L, Ferré VM, Houhou N, Tarhini H, Bertin C, Beaumont AL, Garé M, Le Pluart D, Perrineau S, Rahi M, Deconinck L, Phung B, Mollo B, Cortier M, Cresta M, De La Porte Des Vaux C, Joly V, Lariven S, Rioux C, Somarriba C, Lescure FX, Charpentier C, Yazdanpanah Y, Ghosn J. Breakthrough Infections after Postexposure Vaccination against Mpox. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:2477-2479. [PMID: 36477495 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2211944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mayda Rahi
- Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Bao Phung
- Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
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