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Alanis S, Blair MP, Kaufman LM, Bhat G, Shapiro MJ. Floating-Harbor syndrome with chorioretinal colobomas. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:207-209. [PMID: 37722826 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2255895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a case of a child with Floating-Harbor Syndrome (FHS) with bilateral chorioretinal coloboma (CC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of this association. Floating- Harbor syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder with approximately 100 cases reported. It is characterized by a series of atypical features that include short stature with delayed bone age, low birth weight, skeletal anomalies, delayed speech development, and dysmorphic facial characteristics that typically portray a triangular face, deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, and prominent nose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our patient was examined by a pediatric ophthalmologist for the time at age of 7. Visual acuity, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Optos imaging were collected on every visit. The patient had whole genome sequencing ordered by a pediatric geneticist to confirm Floating-Harbor syndrome. RESULTS We present the patient's OCT and Optos images that illustrate the location of the patient's inferior chorioretinal coloboma in both eyes. The whole genome sequencing report collected revealed a heterozygous de novo pathogenic variant in the SRCAP gene, consistent with a Floating-Harbor syndrome diagnosis in the literature. DISCUSSION Both genetic and systemic findings are consistent with the diagnosis of Floating-Harbor syndrome in our patient. Rubenstein-Taybi and Floating-Harbor syndrome share a similarity in molecular and physical manifestations, but because of the prevalence in Rubenstein-Taybi diagnoses, it is a syndromic condition that includes coloboma and frequently associated with each other. Therefore, a retinal exam should become part of the standard protocol for those with FHS, as proper diagnosis, examination and treatment can prevent irreversible retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M P Blair
- Retina Consultants, Ltd, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - L M Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Bhat
- University of Illinois Hospital Health & Science Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Moutafi M, Ververi A, Papadopoulou-Legbelou K, Gkiourtzis N, Fotoulaki M, Mataftsi A. A 17-month-old girl with fetal valproate syndrome and ocular coloboma. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:95-98. [PMID: 38411000 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moutafi
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Athina Ververi
- Genetic Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou-Legbelou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Nikolaos Gkiourtzis
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Maria Fotoulaki
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kunisetty B, Martin-Giacalone BA, Zhao X, Luna PN, Brooks BP, Hufnagel RB, Shaw CA, Rosenfeld JA, Agopian AJ, Lupo PJ, Scott DA. High Clinical Exome Sequencing Diagnostic Rates and Novel Phenotypic Expansions for Nonisolated Microphthalmia, Anophthalmia, and Coloboma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:25. [PMID: 38502138 PMCID: PMC10959191 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose A molecular diagnosis is only made in a subset of individuals with nonisolated microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC). This may be due to underutilization of clinical (whole) exome sequencing (cES) and an incomplete understanding of the genes that cause MAC. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of cES in cases of nonisolated MAC and to identify new MAC phenotypic expansions. Methods We determined the efficacy of cES in 189 individuals with nonisolated MAC. We then used cES data, a validated machine learning algorithm, and previously published expression data, case reports, and animal models to determine which candidate genes were most likely to contribute to the development of MAC. Results We found the efficacy of cES in nonisolated MAC to be between 32.3% (61/189) and 48.1% (91/189). Most genes affected in our cohort were not among genes currently screened in clinically available ophthalmologic gene panels. A subset of the genes implicated in our cohort had not been clearly associated with MAC. Our analyses revealed sufficient evidence to support low-penetrance MAC phenotypic expansions involving nine of these human disease genes. Conclusions We conclude that cES is an effective means of identifying a molecular diagnosis in individuals with nonisolated MAC and may identify putatively damaging variants that would be missed if only a clinically available ophthalmologic gene panel was obtained. Our data also suggest that deleterious variants in BRCA2, BRIP1, KAT6A, KAT6B, NSF, RAC1, SMARCA4, SMC1A, and TUBA1A can contribute to the development of MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Kunisetty
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Bailey A. Martin-Giacalone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Pamela N. Luna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chad A. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A. J. Agopian
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Templeton KM, Thompson L, Tobias ES, Ahmed SF, McGowan R. Coloboma in a family with Tonne-Kalsheuer syndrome: extending the phenotype of RLIM variants. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:38-42. [PMID: 38038056 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerra M Templeton
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
| | - Louise Thompson
- South East of Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
| | - Edward S Tobias
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
- Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Clinical Pathology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Child Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing Studies, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
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Harding P, Gore S, Malka S, Rajkumar J, Oluonye N, Moosajee M. Real-world clinical and molecular management of 50 prospective patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia and/or ocular coloboma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1925-1935. [PMID: 36192130 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are clinically and genetically heterogenous rare developmental eye conditions, which contribute to a significant proportion of childhood blindness worldwide. Clear understanding of MAC aetiology and comorbidities is essential to providing patients with appropriate care. However, current management is unstandardised and molecular diagnostic rates remain low, particularly in those with unilateral presentation. To further understanding of clinical and genetic management of patients with MAC, we charted their real-world experience to ascertain optimal management pathways and yield from molecular analysis. METHODS A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with MAC referred to the ocular genetics service at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 2017-2020. RESULTS Clinical analysis of 50 MAC patients (15 microphthalmia; 2 anophthalmia; 11 coloboma; and 22 mixed) from 44 unrelated families found 44% had additional ocular features (complex) and 34% had systemic involvement, most frequently intellectual/developmental delay (8/17). Molecular analysis of 39 families using targeted gene panels, whole genome sequencing and microarray comparative genomic hybridisation identified genetic causes in, 28% including novel variants in six known MAC genes (SOX2, KMT2D, MAB21L2, ALDH1A3, BCOR and FOXE3), and a molecular diagnostic rate of 33% for both bilateral and unilateral cohorts. New phenotypic associations were found for FOXE3 (bilateral sensorineural hearing loss) and MAB21L2 (unilateral microphthalmia). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of thorough clinical and molecular phenotyping of MAC patients to provide appropriate multidisciplinary care. Routine genetic testing for both unilateral and bilateral cases in the clinic may increase diagnostic rates in the future, helping elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations and informing genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Harding
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sri Gore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samantha Malka
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ngozi Oluonye
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London, UK
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Jedlickova J, Vajter M, Barta T, Black GCM, Perveen R, Mares J, Fichtl M, Kousal B, Dudakova L, Liskova P. MIR204 n.37C>T variant as a cause of chorioretinal dystrophy variably associated with iris coloboma, early-onset cataracts and congenital glaucoma. Clin Genet 2023; 104:418-426. [PMID: 37321975 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Four members of a three-generation Czech family with early-onset chorioretinal dystrophy were shown to be heterozygous carriers of the n.37C>T in MIR204. The identification of this previously reported pathogenic variant confirms the existence of a distinct clinical entity caused by a sequence change in MIR204. Chorioretinal dystrophy was variably associated with iris coloboma, congenital glaucoma, and premature cataracts extending the phenotypic range of the condition. In silico analysis of the n.37C>T variant revealed 713 novel targets. Additionally, four family members were shown to be affected by albinism resulting from biallelic pathogenic OCA2 variants. Haplotype analysis excluded relatedness with the original family reported to harbour the n.37C>T variant in MIR204. Identification of a second independent family confirms the existence of a distinct MIR204-associated clinical entity and suggests that the phenotype may also involve congenital glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jedlickova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajter
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme C M Black
- Division of Evolution, and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahat Perveen
- Division of Evolution, and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Fichtl
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kousal
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nerakh G, Vasikarla M. A novel pathogenic compound heterozygous variant in C12orf57 gene in a child with Temtamy syndrome presenting with overlapping phenotypic features of Kabuki-like syndrome. Brain Dev 2023; 45:512-516. [PMID: 37451886 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder is a major neurodevelopmental disorder. Temtamy syndrome is a rare syndromic intellectual developmental disorder that presents with global developmental delay, autism, seizures, and agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. METHODS We report a case of a male child who presented with global developmental delay, and autism. Additional clinical features in the child were prominent eyes, long palpebral fissures with eversion of lateral third of the lower eyelid, hypoplastic nipples, and persistent fetal fingertip pads. The clinical features were in favor of Kabuki-like syndrome. MRI brain revealed corpus callosal dysgenesis, mild cerebellar para-vermian, and vermian atrophy. RESULTS Trio exome sequencing has revealed a novel pathogenic compound heterozygous variant c.145A >T (p.Lys49Ter) and c.224_242del (p.Val85GlufsTer88) in exon 2 of the C12orf57 gene. CONCLUSION This is the first case of Temtamy syndrome reported from India with additional novel phenotypic features not reported previously and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder. In addition, it expands the spectrum of pathogenic variants in the C12orf57 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Nerakh
- Department of Genetics, Fernandez Foundation, Hyderabad, India.
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Donovan APA, Rosko L, Ellegood J, Redhead Y, Green JBA, Lerch JP, Huang JK, Basson MA. Pervasive cortical and white matter anomalies in a mouse model for CHARGE syndrome. J Anat 2023; 243:51-65. [PMID: 36914558 PMCID: PMC10273342 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital anomalies and Ear abnormalities) syndrome is a disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding CHD7, an ATP dependent chromatin remodelling factor, and is characterised by a diverse array of congenital anomalies. These include a range of neuroanatomical comorbidities which likely underlie the varied neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CHARGE syndrome, which include intellectual disability, motor coordination deficits, executive dysfunction, and autism spectrum disorder. Cranial imaging studies are challenging in CHARGE syndrome patients, but high-throughput magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in mouse models allow for the unbiased identification of neuroanatomical defects. Here, we present a comprehensive neuroanatomical survey of a Chd7 haploinsufficient mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. Our study uncovered widespread brain hypoplasia and reductions in white matter volume across the brain. The severity of hypoplasia appeared more pronounced in posterior areas of the neocortex compared to anterior regions. We also perform the first assessment of white matter tract integrity in this model through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess the potential functional consequences of widespread reductions in myelin, which suggested the presence of white matter integrity defects. To determine if white matter alterations correspond to cellular changes, we quantified oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the postnatal corpus callosum, uncovering reduced numbers of mature oligodendrocytes. Together, these results present a range of promising avenues of focus for future cranial imaging studies in CHARGE syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. A. Donovan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsThe University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Preclinical Imaging, Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jeffrey K. Huang
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Centre for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - M. Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Vieta-Ferrer ER, Ullah E, Blain D, Christensen JA, Brewer CC, Balow JE, George A, Hufnagel RB, Cogliati T, Brooks BP. A novel variant affecting the cytoplasmic tail of the FAT1 protocadherin causing coloboma and renal failure: A case report. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:182-185. [PMID: 36951427 PMCID: PMC10039284 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2089360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in the protocadherin gene FAT1 have recently been associated with a syndrome that includes coloboma, facial dysmorphism, renal failure, syndactyly, and other developmental defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detailed medical and family history, physical examination, and molecular analysis. RESULTS This non-dysmorphic, intellectually normal 51-year-old woman presented with bilateral colobomata and renal failure of unclear etiology, and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Family history was notable for multiple family members with various forms of cancer. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous frame shift variant in FAT1, predicted to truncate the FAT1 protein at the furthest position in the protein structure published to date in a patient with coloboma. CONCLUSIONS This case provides further evidence of the pleiotropic effects of FAT1 in optic fissure closure and kidney function. Also, because this variant is in the last exon, it would be anticipated to escape nonsense-mediated decay, opening the possibility that the protein is made and expressed, but not completely functional, as its intracellular domain is truncated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile R. Vieta-Ferrer
- Pediatric, Developmental, and Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Delphine Blain
- Pediatric, Developmental, and Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie A. Christensen
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carmen C. Brewer
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James E. Balow
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aman George
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tiziana Cogliati
- Pediatric, Developmental, and Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian P. Brooks
- Pediatric, Developmental, and Genetic Ophthalmology Section, Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Reis LM, Chassaing N, Bardakjian T, Thompson S, Schneider A, Semina EV. ARHGAP35 is a novel factor disrupted in human developmental eye phenotypes. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:363-367. [PMID: 36450800 PMCID: PMC9995503 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP35 has known roles in cell migration, invasion and division, neuronal morphogenesis, and gene/mRNA regulation; prior studies indicate a role in cancer in humans and in the developing eyes, neural tissue, and renal structures in mice. We identified damaging variants in ARHGAP35 in five individuals from four families affected with anophthalmia, microphthalmia, coloboma and/or anterior segment dysgenesis disorders, together with variable non-ocular phenotypes in some families including renal, neurological, or cardiac anomalies. Three variants affected the extreme C-terminus of the protein, with two resulting in a frameshift and C-terminal extension and the other a missense change in the Rho-GAP domain; the fourth (nonsense) variant affected the middle of the gene and is the only allele predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay. This study implicates ARHGAP35 in human developmental eye phenotypes. C-terminal clustering of the identified alleles indicates a possible common mechanism for ocular disease but requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Platerforme AURAGEN, Lyon, France
| | | | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Trejo-Reveles V, Owen N, Ching Chan BH, Toms M, Schoenebeck JJ, Moosajee M, Rainger J. Identification of Novel Coloboma Candidate Genes through Conserved Gene Expression Analyses across Four Vertebrate Species. Biomolecules 2023; 13:293. [PMID: 36830662 PMCID: PMC9953556 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular coloboma (OC) is a failure of complete optic fissure closure during embryonic development and presents as a tissue defect along the proximal-distal axis of the ventral eye. It is classed as part of the clinical spectrum of structural eye malformations with microphthalmia and anophthalmia, collectively abbreviated to MAC. Despite deliberate attempts to identify causative variants in MAC, many patients remain without a genetic diagnosis. To reveal potential candidate genes, we utilised transcriptomes experimentally generated from embryonic eye tissues derived from humans, mice, zebrafish, and chicken at stages coincident with optic fissure closure. Our in-silico analyses found 10 genes with optic fissure-specific enriched expression: ALDH1A3, BMPR1B, EMX2, EPHB3, NID1, NTN1, PAX2, SMOC1, TENM3, and VAX1. In situ hybridization revealed that all 10 genes were broadly expressed ventrally in the developing eye but that only PAX2 and NTN1 were expressed in cells at the edges of the optic fissure margin. Of these conserved optic fissure genes, EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3 have not previously been associated with human MAC cases. Targeted genetic manipulation in zebrafish embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 caused the developmental MAC phenotype for emx2 and ephb3. We analysed available whole genome sequencing datasets from MAC patients and identified a range of variants with plausible causality. In combination, our data suggest that expression of genes involved in ventral eye development is conserved across a range of vertebrate species and that EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3 are candidate loci that warrant further functional analysis in the context of MAC and should be considered for sequencing in cohorts of patients with structural eye malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Trejo-Reveles
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
| | - Brian Ho Ching Chan
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
| | - Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1A, UK
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Joe Rainger
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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12
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Chee JM, Lanoue L, Clary D, Higgins K, Bower L, Flenniken A, Guo R, Adams DJ, Bosch F, Braun RE, Brown SDM, Chin HJG, Dickinson ME, Hsu CW, Dobbie M, Gao X, Galande S, Grobler A, Heaney JD, Herault Y, de Angelis MH, Mammano F, Nutter LMJ, Parkinson H, Qin C, Shiroishi T, Sedlacek R, Seong JK, Xu Y, Brooks B, McKerlie C, Lloyd KCK, Westerberg H, Moshiri A. Genome-wide screening reveals the genetic basis of mammalian embryonic eye development. BMC Biol 2023; 21:22. [PMID: 36737727 PMCID: PMC9898963 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) spectrum disease encompasses a group of eye malformations which play a role in childhood visual impairment. Although the predominant cause of eye malformations is known to be heritable in nature, with 80% of cases displaying loss-of-function mutations in the ocular developmental genes OTX2 or SOX2, the genetic abnormalities underlying the remaining cases of MAC are incompletely understood. This study intended to identify the novel genes and pathways required for early eye development. Additionally, pathways involved in eye formation during embryogenesis are also incompletely understood. This study aims to identify the novel genes and pathways required for early eye development through systematic forward screening of the mammalian genome. RESULTS Query of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database (data release 17.0, August 01, 2022) identified 74 unique knockout lines (genes) with genetically associated eye defects in mouse embryos. The vast majority of eye abnormalities were small or absent eyes, findings most relevant to MAC spectrum disease in humans. A literature search showed that 27 of the 74 lines had previously published knockout mouse models, of which only 15 had ocular defects identified in the original publications. These 12 previously published gene knockouts with no reported ocular abnormalities and the 47 unpublished knockouts with ocular abnormalities identified by the IMPC represent 59 genes not previously associated with early eye development in mice. Of these 59, we identified 19 genes with a reported human eye phenotype. Overall, mining of the IMPC data yielded 40 previously unimplicated genes linked to mammalian eye development. Bioinformatic analysis showed that several of the IMPC genes colocalized to several protein anabolic and pluripotency pathways in early eye development. Of note, our analysis suggests that the serine-glycine pathway producing glycine, a mitochondrial one-carbon donator to folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM), is essential for eye formation. CONCLUSIONS Using genome-wide phenotype screening of single-gene knockout mouse lines, STRING analysis, and bioinformatic methods, this study identified genes heretofore unassociated with MAC phenotypes providing models to research novel molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in eye development. These findings have the potential to hasten the diagnosis and treatment of this congenital blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Chee
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dave Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kendall Higgins
- University of Miami: Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lynette Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ann Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruolin Guo
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steve D M Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - H-J Genie Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs), Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Phenomics Australia, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Anne Grobler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, PCDDP North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Chuan Qin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Beijing, China
| | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Center for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - J-K Seong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ying Xu
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Brian Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Eye Center, 4860 Y St., Ste. 2400, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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13
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Sambharia M, Freese ME, Donato F, Bathla G, Abukhiran IMM, Dantuma MI, Mansilla MA, Thomas CP. Suspected Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease but Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia, Oligophrenia Ataxia, Coloboma, and Hepatic Fibrosis (COACH) Syndrome in Retrospect, A Delayed Diagnosis Aided by Genotyping and Reverse Phenotyping: A Case Report and A Review of the Literature. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 148:264-272. [PMID: 36617405 DOI: 10.1159/000527991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical features of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, oligophrenia, ataxia, coloboma, and hepatic fibrosis (COACH) characterize the rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder called COACH syndrome. COACH syndrome belongs to the spectrum of Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRDs) and liver involvement distinguishes COACH syndrome from the rest of the JSRD spectrum. Developmental delay and oculomotor apraxia occur early but with time, these can improve and may not be readily apparent or no longer need active medical management. Congenital hepatic fibrosis and renal disease, on the other hand, may develop late, and the temporal incongruity in organ system involvement may delay the recognition of COACH syndrome. We present a case of a young adult presenting late to a Renal Genetics Clinic for evaluation of renal cystic disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis, clinically suspected to have autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Following genetic testing, a reevaluation of his medical records from infancy, together with reverse phenotyping and genetic phasing, led to a diagnosis of COACH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sambharia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret E Freese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Francisco Donato
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Girish Bathla
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Maisie I Dantuma
- The Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - M Adela Mansilla
- The Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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14
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Zhao X, Zheng Y, Liu N, Wang C, Zhao G, Zhang J, Kong X. [Genetic analysis of a patient with Papillorenal syndrome due to variant of PAX2 gene]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:1120-1123. [PMID: 36184096 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20210831-00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic basis for a patient presenting with renal insufficiency. METHODS The patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing, and the candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Transcriptional activity of the PAX2 gene was analyzed by using a PRS4-EGFP reporter plasmid. RESULTS Genetic testing revealed that the patient has carried a novel de novo heterozygous variant c.418C>T (p.Arg140Trp) of the PAX2 gene. The influence of c.389C>G (p.Pro130Arg), c.478G>A (p.Ala160Thr), c.418C>G (p. Arg140Gly) and c.418C>T (p.Arg140Trp) variants on the transcriptional activity was also evaluated. Functional study has illustrated that the PAX2-P130R, PAX2-R140G and PAX2-R140W variants all had a significant inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activity, but not the PAX2-A160T variant. CONCLUSION The isolated renal hypoplasia of the proband is probably due to the likely pathogenic variant of the PAX2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Zhao
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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15
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Owen N, Toms M, Young RM, Eintracht J, Sarkar H, Brooks BP, Moosajee M. Identification of 4 novel human ocular coloboma genes ANK3, BMPR1B, PDGFRA, and CDH4 through evolutionary conserved vertebrate gene analysis. Genet Med 2022; 24:1073-1084. [PMID: 35034853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular coloboma arises from genetic or environmental perturbations that inhibit optic fissure (OF) fusion during early eye development. Despite high genetic heterogeneity, 70% to 85% of patients remain molecularly undiagnosed. In this study, we have identified new potential causative genes using cross-species comparative meta-analysis. METHODS Evolutionarily conserved differentially expressed genes were identified through in silico analysis, with in situ hybridization, gene knockdown, and rescue performed to confirm spatiotemporal gene expression and phenotype. Interrogation of the 100,000 Genomes Project for putative pathogenic variants was performed. RESULTS Nine conserved differentially expressed genes between zebrafish and mouse were identified. Expression of zebrafish ank3a, bmpr1ba/b, cdh4, and pdgfaa was localized to the OF, periocular mesenchyme cells, or ciliary marginal zone, regions traversed by the OF. Knockdown of ank3, bmpr1b, and pdgfaa revealed a coloboma and/or microphthalmia phenotype. Novel pathogenic variants in ANK3, BMPR1B, PDGFRA, and CDH4 were identified in 8 unrelated coloboma families. We showed BMPR1B rescued the knockdown phenotype but variant messenger RNAs failed, providing evidence of pathogenicity. CONCLUSION We show the utility of cross-species meta-analysis to identify several novel coloboma disease-causing genes. There is a potential to increase the diagnostic yield for new and unsolved patients while adding to our understanding of the genetic basis of OF morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Owen
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Toms
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Eintracht
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hajrah Sarkar
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Ocular Genomics and Therapeutics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Nandamuri SP, Lusk S, Kwan KM. Loss of zebrafish dzip1 results in inappropriate recruitment of periocular mesenchyme to the optic fissure and ocular coloboma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265327. [PMID: 35286359 PMCID: PMC8920261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are essential for the development and function of many different tissues. Although cilia machinery is crucial in the eye for photoreceptor development and function, a role for cilia in early eye development and morphogenesis is still somewhat unclear: many zebrafish cilia mutants retain cilia at early stages due to maternal deposition of cilia components. An eye phenotype has been described in the mouse Arl13 mutant, however, zebrafish arl13b is maternally deposited, and an early role for cilia proteins has not been tested in zebrafish eye development. Here we use the zebrafish dzip1 mutant, which exhibits a loss of cilia throughout stages of early eye development, to examine eye development and morphogenesis. We find that in dzip1 mutants, initial formation of the optic cup proceeds normally, however, the optic fissure subsequently fails to close and embryos develop the structural eye malformation ocular coloboma. Further, neural crest cells, which are implicated in optic fissure closure, do not populate the optic fissure correctly, suggesting that their inappropriate localization may be the underlying cause of coloboma. Overall, our results indicate a role for dzip1 in proper neural crest localization in the optic fissure and optic fissure closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Pratima Nandamuri
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Sarah Lusk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
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17
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Alfiya F, Jose M, Chandrasekharan SV, Sundaram S, Urulangodi M, Thomas B, Radhakrishnan A, Banerjee M, Menon RN. C12orf57 pathogenic variants: a unique cause of developmental encephalopathy in a south Indian child. J Genet 2022; 101:30. [PMID: 35791610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Open reading frame variants which lack stop codons such as C12orf57 variants are known to cause Temtamy syndrome, an extremely rare disorder characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, facial dysmorphism and agenesis of corpus callosum. C12orf57 was initially reported to be required for human corpus callosum development. We report the first child who is of Indian origin with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) with a unique phenotypic evolution as focal onset reflex seizures. We performed whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood samples of proband and his parents. Two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants, a start loss variant (Chr12:7053285:c.1A>G) and a premature stop gain variant (Chr12:7053327:c.43C>T), involving the C12orf57 gene were identified in the proband. Our case report which details genotyping in this rare syndromic developmental encephalopathy, with no prior cases reported from India, expands the ethnic spectrum of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alfiya
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, India.
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18
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Seese SE, Reis LM, Deml B, Griffith C, Reich A, Jamieson RV, Semina EV. Identification of missense MAB21L1 variants in microphthalmia and aniridia. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:877-890. [PMID: 33973683 PMCID: PMC8238893 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalmia, coloboma, and aniridia are congenital ocular phenotypes with a strong genetic component but often unknown cause. We present a likely causative novel variant in MAB21L1, c.152G>T p.(Arg51Leu), in two family members with microphthalmia and aniridia, as well as novel or rare compound heterozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.184C>T p.(Arg62Cys)/c.-68T>C, and c.658G>C p.(Gly220Arg)/c.*529A>G, in two additional probands with microphthalmia, coloboma and/or cataracts. All variants were predicted as damaging by in silico programs. In vitro studies of coding variants revealed normal subcellular localization but variable stability for the corresponding mutant proteins. In vivo complementation assays using the zebrafish mab21l2 Q48Sfs*5 loss-of-function line demonstrated that though overexpression of wild-type MAB21L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compensated for the loss of mab21l2, none of the coding variant mRNAs produced a statistically significant rescue, with p.(Arg51Leu) showing the highest degree of functional deficiency. Dominant variants in a close homolog of MAB21L1, MAB21L2, have been associated with microphthalmia and/or coloboma and repeatedly involved the same Arg51 residue, further supporting its pathogenicity. The possible role of p.(Arg62Cys) and p.(Gly220Arg) in microphthalmia is similarly supported by the observed functional defects, with or without an additional impact from noncoding MAB21L1 variants identified in each patient. This study suggests a broader spectrum of MAB21L1-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Seese
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Brett Deml
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Present address:
PreventionGeneticsMarshfieldWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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19
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Onesimo R, Ricci D, Agazzi C, Leone S, Petrianni M, Orazi L, Amore F, Salerni A, Leoni C, Chieffo D, Tartaglia M, Mercuri E, Zampino G. Visual Function and Ophthalmological Findings in CHARGE Syndrome: Revision of Literature, Definition of a New Clinical Spectrum and Genotype Phenotype Correlation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070972. [PMID: 34202106 PMCID: PMC8303791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease causing multiple anatomical defects and sensory impairment. Visual function is usually reported by caregivers and has never been described with a structured behavioral assessment. Our primary objective was to describe ocular abnormalities, visual function and genotype–ocular-phenotype correlation in CS. A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed on 14 children with CS carrying pathogenic CHD7 variants. All children underwent ophthalmological evaluation and structured behavioral assessment of visual function. The VISIOCHARGE questionnaire was administered to parents. Colobomas were present in 93% of patients. Genotype–phenotype correlation documented mitigated features in a subset of patients with intronic pathogenic variants predicted to affect transcript processing, and severe features in patients with frameshift/nonsense variants predicting protein truncation at the N-terminus. Abnormal visual function was present in all subjects, with different degrees of impairment. A significant correlation was found between visual function and age at assessment (p-value = 0.025). The present data are the first to characterize visual function in CS patients. They suggest that hypomorphic variants might be associated with milder features, and that visual function appears to be related to age. While studies with larger cohorts are required for confirmation, our data indicate that experience appears to influence everyday use of visual function more than ocular abnormalities do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630155210; Fax: +39-0630154363
| | - Daniela Ricci
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Agazzi
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Salerni
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Clinical psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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20
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Haug P, Koller S, Maggi J, Lang E, Feil S, Wlodarczyk A, Bähr L, Steindl K, Rohrbach M, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Whole Exome Sequencing in Coloboma/Microphthalmia: Identification of Novel and Recurrent Variants in Seven Genes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:65. [PMID: 33418956 PMCID: PMC7825129 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coloboma and microphthalmia (C/M) are related congenital eye malformations, which can cause significant visual impairment. Molecular diagnosis is challenging as the genes associated to date with C/M account for only a small percentage of cases. Overall, the genetic cause remains unknown in up to 80% of patients. High throughput DNA sequencing technologies, including whole-exome sequencing (WES), are therefore a useful and efficient tool for genetic screening and identification of new mutations and novel genes in C/M. In this study, we analyzed the DNA of 19 patients with C/M from 15 unrelated families using singleton WES and data analysis for 307 genes of interest. We identified seven novel and one recurrent potentially disease-causing variants in CRIM1, CHD7, FAT1, PTCH1, PUF60, BRPF1, and TGFB2 in 47% of our families, three of which occurred de novo. The detection rate in patients with ocular and extraocular manifestations (67%) was higher than in patients with an isolated ocular phenotype (46%). Our study highlights the significant genetic heterogeneity in C/M cohorts and emphasizes the diagnostic power of WES for the screening of patients and families with C/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Haug
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Jordi Maggi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Lang
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Agnès Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (P.H.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (E.L.); (S.F.); (A.W.); (L.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Fitzgerald KK, Powell-Hamilton N, Shillingford AJ, Robinson B, Gripp KW. Inherited intragenic PBX1 deletion: Expanding the phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:234-237. [PMID: 33098248 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PBX1 encodes the pre-B cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor, a three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain transcription factor, which forms nuclear complexes with other TALE class homeodomain proteins that ultimately regulate target genes controlling organ patterning during embryogenesis. Heterozygous de novo pathogenic variants in PBX1 resulting in haploinsufficiency are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, most commonly renal hypoplasia, as well as anomalies involving the external ear, branchial arch, heart, and genitalia, and they cause intellectual disability and developmental delay. Affected individuals described thus far have had de novo variants. Here, we report three related individuals with an inherited pathogenic intragenic PBX1 deletion with variable clinical features typical for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi K Fitzgerald
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Nina Powell-Hamilton
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Amanda J Shillingford
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Bradley Robinson
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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22
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Patel A, Anderson G, Galea GL, Balys M, Sowden JC. A molecular and cellular analysis of human embryonic optic fissure closure related to the eye malformation coloboma. Development 2020; 147:dev193649. [PMID: 33158926 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a congenital eye malformation, resulting from a failure in optic fissure closure (OFC) and causing visual impairment. There has been little study of the epithelial fusion process underlying closure in the human embryo and coloboma aetiology remains poorly understood. We performed RNAseq of cell populations isolated using laser capture microdissection to identify novel human OFC signature genes and probe the expression profile of known coloboma genes, along with a comparative murine analysis. Gene set enrichment patterns showed conservation between species. Expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was transiently enriched in the human fissure margins during OFC at days 41-44. Electron microscopy and histological analyses showed that cells transiently delaminate at the point of closure, and produce cytoplasmic protrusions, before rearranging to form two continuous epithelial layers. Apoptosis was not observed in the human fissure margins. These analyses support a model of human OFC in which epithelial cells at the fissure margins undergo a transient epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition, facilitating cell rearrangement to form a complete optic cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Monika Balys
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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23
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Choi GJ, Kim MS, Park H, Kim JY, Choi JM, Lee SM, Jang JH, Cho SY, Jin DK. The First Korean Case of Baraitser-Winter Cerebro-Fronto-Facial Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in ACTB Diagnosed Via Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing and Literature Review. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:818-824. [PMID: 33334799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Baraitser-Winter Cerebro-fronto-facial syndrome (BWCFF, OMIM #243310, #614583) is caused by a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation of ACTB and ACTG1 that encodes actin. The syndrome is characterized by striking facial features, structural brain abnormalities, ocular coloboma, hearing loss, cardiac defects, intellectual disabilities, short stature, and developmental delay. We report a two-year-old girl who had distinctive facial features, including hypertelorism, arched eyebrows, bilateral ptosis, short broad nose with a flat nasal tip, long philtrum, retrognathia, low-set ears, and a thin upper lip. In addition, she also exhibited short stature, pectus excavatum, developmental delay, brain malformation, and hearing loss. Targeted gene panel sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous missense variant c.826G>A (p.Glu276Lys) in ACTB This is the first Korean case of BWCFF with a novel mutation in ACTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Jun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hyojung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jong-Moon Choi
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sae-Mi Lee
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
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24
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Reis LM, Basel D, McCarrier J, Weinberg DV, Semina EV. Compound heterozygous splicing CDON variants result in isolated ocular coloboma. Clin Genet 2020; 98:486-492. [PMID: 32729136 PMCID: PMC8341436 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is caused by failure of optic fissure closure during development and recognized as part of the microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) spectrum. While many genes are known to cause colobomatous microphthalmia, relatively few have been reported in coloboma with normal eye size. Genetic analysis including trio exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing was undertaken in a family with two siblings affected with bilateral coloboma of the iris, retina, and choroid. Pathogenic variants in MAC genes were excluded. Trio analysis identified compound heterozygous donor splice site variants in CDON, a cell-surface receptor known to function in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, c.928 + 1G > A and c.2650 + 1G > T, in both affected individuals. Heterozygous missense and truncating CDON variants are associated with dominant holoprosencephaly (HPE) with incomplete penetrance and Cdon-/- mice display variable HPE and coloboma. A homozygous nonsense allele of uncertain significance was recently identified in a consanguineous patient with coloboma and a second molecular diagnosis. We report the first compound heterozygous variants in CDON as a cause of isolated coloboma. CDON is the first HPE gene identified to cause recessive coloboma. Given the phenotypic overlap, further examination of HPE genes in coloboma is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Donald Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Julie McCarrier
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - David V Weinberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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25
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Weiner GA, Nudleman E. Microcornea, Posterior Megalolenticonus, Persistent Fetal Vasculature, and Coloboma Syndrome Associated With a New Mutation in ZNF408. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019; 50:253-256. [PMID: 30998249 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20190401-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of a 6-week-old girl with microphthalmia, posterior lenticonus, persistent fetal vasculature, and coloboma of the right eye, with morning glory disc anomaly and falciform retinal folds of the left eye. Genetic testing revealed a previously unreported mutation (c.1471A>G [p.T491A]) in the gene ZNF408, which has been associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:253-256.].
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26
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Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk A, Murcia Pienkowski V, Zietkiewicz S, Rydzanicz M, Kosińska J, Stawiński P, Szumiński M, Płoski R. Syndromic chorioretinal coloboma associated with heterozygous de novo RARA mutation affecting an amino acid critical for retinoic acid interaction. Clin Genet 2019; 96:371-375. [PMID: 31343737 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid acid receptors (RAR) are transcription factors that bind retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A. RARs are composed of three subunits encoded by RARA, RARB and RARG. In humans, RARB defects cause syndromic microphthalmia. So far, no germline pathogenic variants have been identified in RARA or RARG. We describe a girl with a de novo mutation NM_000964 c.826C > T (p.Arg276Trp) in RARA with symptoms overlapping those described in RARB patients (coloboma, muscular hypotonia, dilated pulmonary artery, ectopic kidney). RARA Arg276 residue is functionally important, as it was previously shown that its substitution for Ala or Gln causes a 50- or 21-fold impairment of RA binding, respectively. Moreover, in leukemic cells, the p.Arg611Trp mutation in a chimeric PML/RARA gene (corresponding to the RARA p.Arg276Trp detected in our patient) conferred resistance to therapy by decreasing binding of all-trans RA. The functional effect of RARA p.Arg276Trp was further confirmed by in silico modeling which showed that binding of RA by the Trp276 variant was similarly defective as in the deleterious model Ala276 mutant. We propose that RARA p.Arg276Trp causes the disease by affecting RA interaction with the RARA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Victor Murcia Pienkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Zietkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kosińska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Stawiński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szumiński
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Kanca O, Andrews JC, Lee PT, Patel C, Braddock SR, Slavotinek AM, Cohen JS, Gubbels CS, Aldinger KA, Williams J, Indaram M, Fatemi A, Yu TW, Agrawal PB, Vezina G, Simons C, Crawford J, Lau CC, Chung WK, Markello TC, Dobyns WB, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S, Bellen HJ, Malicdan MCV. De Novo Variants in WDR37 Are Associated with Epilepsy, Colobomas, Dysmorphism, Developmental Delay, Intellectual Disability, and Cerebellar Hypoplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:413-424. [PMID: 31327508 PMCID: PMC6699142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
WD40 repeat-containing proteins form a large family of proteins present in all eukaryotes. Here, we identified five pediatric probands with de novo variants in WDR37, which encodes a member of the WD40 repeat protein family. Two probands shared one variant and the others have variants in nearby amino acids outside the WD40 repeats. The probands exhibited shared phenotypes of epilepsy, colobomas, facial dysmorphology reminiscent of CHARGE syndrome, developmental delay and intellectual disability, and cerebellar hypoplasia. The WDR37 protein is highly conserved in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms and is currently not associated with a human disease. We generated a null allele of the single Drosophila ortholog to gain functional insights and replaced the coding region of the fly gene CG12333/wdr37 with GAL4. These flies are homozygous viable but display severe bang sensitivity, a phenotype associated with seizures in flies. Additionally, the mutant flies fall when climbing the walls of the vials, suggesting a defect in grip strength, and repeat the cycle of climbing and falling. Similar to wall clinging defect, mutant males often lose grip of the female abdomen during copulation. These phenotypes are rescued by using the GAL4 in the CG12333/wdr37 locus to drive the UAS-human reference WDR37 cDNA. The two variants found in three human subjects failed to rescue these phenotypes, suggesting that these alleles severely affect the function of this protein. Taken together, our data suggest that variants in WDR37 underlie a novel syndromic neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C Andrews
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Division of Medical Genetics, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2711, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia S Gubbels
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School/Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Judy Williams
- Paediatric Department, Bundaberg Hospital, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Maanasa Indaram
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2711, USA
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Division of Neurogenetics and Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School/Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gilbert Vezina
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging & Radiology, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Cas Simons
- The Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Joanna Crawford
- The Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - C Christopher Lau
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA.
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28
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Reis LM, Sorokina EA, Thompson S, Muheisen S, Velinov M, Zamora C, Aylsworth AS, Semina EV. De Novo Missense Variants in WDR37 Cause a Severe Multisystemic Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:425-433. [PMID: 31327510 PMCID: PMC6698968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While genetic causes are known for many syndromes involving developmental anomalies, a large number of individuals with overlapping phenotypes remain undiagnosed. Using exome-sequencing analysis and review of matchmaker databases, we have discovered four de novo missense variants predicted to affect the N-terminal region of WDR37-p.Ser119Phe, p.Thr125Ile, p.Ser129Cys, and p.Thr130Ile-in unrelated individuals with a previously unrecognized syndrome. Features of WDR37 syndrome include the following: ocular anomalies such as corneal opacity/Peters anomaly, coloboma, and microcornea; dysmorphic facial features; significant neurological impairment with structural brain defects and seizures; poor feeding; poor post-natal growth; variable skeletal, cardiac, and genitourinary defects; and death in infancy in one individual. WDR37 encodes a protein of unknown function with seven predicted WD40 domains and no previously reported human pathogenic variants. Immunocytochemistry and western blot studies showed that wild-type WDR37 is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and mutant proteins demonstrate similar protein levels and localization. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing generated zebrafish mutants with novel missense and frameshift alleles: p.Ser129Phe, p.Ser129Cys (which replicates one of the human variants), p.Ser129Tyr, p.Lys127Cysfs, and p.Gln95Argfs. Zebrafish carrying heterozygous missense variants demonstrated poor growth and larval lethality, while heterozygotes with frameshift alleles survived to adulthood, suggesting a potential dominant-negative mechanism for the missense variants. RNA-seq analysis of zebrafish embryos carrying a missense variant detected significant upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. This study identifies variants in WDR37 associated with human disease and provides insight into its essential role in vertebrate development and possible molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena A Sorokina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- Department of Human Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carlos Zamora
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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29
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Iferkhass S, Elhalouat N, Boui H, Aziz O, Adil B, Laktaoui A. [Ophthalmological manifestations of 13q deletion syndrome: A case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:e219-e224. [PMID: 30955898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Iferkhass
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc.
| | - N Elhalouat
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc
| | - H Boui
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc
| | - O Aziz
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc
| | - B Adil
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc
| | - A Laktaoui
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hopital militaire My Ismail, Meknes, Maroc
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Abstract
RATIONALE The case with congenital macular coloboma and cataract was rarely reported, and the pathogenic gene of the disease is still not clear. Moreover, it is difficult to improve the visual acuity of the eye with this disease. PATIENT CONCERNS An 11-year-old boy presented low visual acuity and horizontal nystagmus in both eyes. Ophthalmologic examination showed the patient with bilateral congenital coloboma and cataract. The visual acuity of the patient improved slightly after cataract surgery. Heterozygous mutations of frizzled-4 (FZD4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) were identified by next-generation sequencing in this case. DIAGNOSIS Congenital macular coloboma and cataract of both eyes. INTERVENTIONS We performed the standard phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on both eyes of the patient for the treatment of congenital cataract, and then followed up the fundus lesions regularly. OUTCOMES Cataract surgery may improve the visual acuity of the eyes with congenital macular coloboma and cataract at some degree, but the vision of this patient was still very poor postoperatively. Furthermore, the heterozygous mutations of FZD4 and NOD2 were found in this patient. LESSONS Cataract surgery may improve the visual acuity of the eyes with congenital macular coloboma and cataract at some degree, and heterozygous mutations of FZD4 and NOD2 may be involved in the occurrence of congenital macular coloboma and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
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31
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Turner KJ, Hoyle J, Valdivia LE, Cerveny KL, Hart W, Mangoli M, Geisler R, Rees M, Houart C, Poole RJ, Wilson SW, Gestri G. Abrogation of Stem Loop Binding Protein (Slbp) function leads to a failure of cells to transition from proliferation to differentiation, retinal coloboma and midline axon guidance deficits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211073. [PMID: 30695021 PMCID: PMC6350959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through forward genetic screening for mutations affecting visual system development, we identified prominent coloboma and cell-autonomous retinal neuron differentiation, lamination and retinal axon projection defects in eisspalte (ele) mutant zebrafish. Additional axonal deficits were present, most notably at midline axon commissures. Genetic mapping and cloning of the ele mutation showed that the affected gene is slbp, which encodes a conserved RNA stem-loop binding protein involved in replication dependent histone mRNA metabolism. Cells throughout the central nervous system remained in the cell cycle in ele mutant embryos at stages when, and locations where, post-mitotic cells have differentiated in wild-type siblings. Indeed, RNAseq analysis showed down-regulation of many genes associated with neuronal differentiation. This was coincident with changes in the levels and spatial localisation of expression of various genes implicated, for instance, in axon guidance, that likely underlie specific ele phenotypes. These results suggest that many of the cell and tissue specific phenotypes in ele mutant embryos are secondary to altered expression of modules of developmental regulatory genes that characterise, or promote transitions in, cell state and require the correct function of Slbp-dependent histone and chromatin regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Hoyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo E. Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kara L. Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Hart
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Mangoli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Geisler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michele Rees
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Houart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Developmental Disorders, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GG); (SWW)
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GG); (SWW)
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Bovolenta P, Martinez-Morales JR. Genetics of congenital eye malformations: insights from chick experimental embryology. Hum Genet 2018; 138:1001-1006. [PMID: 29980841 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Embryological manipulations in chick embryos have been pivotal in our understanding of many aspects of vertebrate eye formation. This research was particularly important in uncovering the role of tissue interactions as drivers of eye morphogenesis and to dissect the function of critical genes. Here, we have highlighted a few of these past experiments to endorse their value in searching for hitherto unknown causes of rare congenital eye anomalies, such as microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma. We have also highlighted a number of similarities between the chicken and human eye, which might be exploited to address other eye pathologies, including degenerative ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERER, ISCIII, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Bernstein CS, Anderson MT, Gohel C, Slater K, Gross JM, Agarwala S. The cellular bases of choroid fissure formation and closure. Dev Biol 2018; 440:137-151. [PMID: 29803644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Defects in choroid fissure (CF) formation and closure lead to coloboma, a major cause of childhood blindness. Despite genetic advances, the cellular defects underlying coloboma remain poorly elucidated due to our limited understanding of normal CF morphogenesis. We address this deficit by conducting high-resolution spatio-temporal analyses of CF formation and closure in the chick, mouse and fish. We show that a small ventral midline invagination initiates CF formation in the medial-proximal optic cup, subsequently extending it dorsally toward the lens, and proximally into the optic stalk. Unlike previously supposed, the optic disc does not form solely as a result of this invagination. Morphogenetic events that alter the shape of the proximal optic cup also direct clusters of outer layer and optic stalk cells to form dorsal optic disc. A cross-species comparison suggests that CF closure can be accomplished by breaking down basement membranes (BM) along the CF margins, and by establishing BM continuity along the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the CF. CF closure is subsequently accomplished via two distinct mechanisms: tissue fusion or the intercalation of various tissues into the inter-CF space. We identify several novel cell behaviors that underlie CF fusion, many of which involve remodeling of the retinal epithelium. In addition to BM disruption, these include NCAD downregulation along the SOX2+ retinal CF margin, and the protrusion or movement of partially polarized retinal cells into the inter-CF space to mediate fusion. Proximally, the inter-CF space does not fuse or narrow and is instead loosely packed with migrating SOX2+/PAX2+/Vimentin+ astrocytes until it is closed by the outgoing optic nerve. Taken together, our results highlight distinct proximal-distal differences in CF morphogenesis and closure and establish detailed cellular models that can be utilized for understanding the genetic bases of coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy S Bernstein
- Molecular Biosciences Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mitchell T Anderson
- Molecular Biosciences Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chintan Gohel
- Molecular Biosciences Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kayleigh Slater
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seema Agarwala
- Molecular Biosciences Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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34
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Brown EA, Thomasy SM, Murphy CJ, Bannasch DL. Genetic analysis of optic nerve head coloboma in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever identifies discordance with the NHEJ1 intronic deletion (collie eye anomaly mutation). Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 21:144-150. [PMID: 28702949 PMCID: PMC5766432 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collie eye anomaly (CEA) encompasses a spectrum of different ophthalmic phenotypes from clinically inconsequential choroidal hypoplasia to blindness from coloboma of the optic nerve head (ONH). A previous study found a 7.8-kb deletion in intron 4 of the NHEJ1 gene to be associated with CEA. A genetic test based on this association is recommended for many breeds, including the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR). Collection of ONH coloboma-affected NSDTR showed lack of concordance of the NHEJ1 intronic deletion with ONH coloboma. Using genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping in 7 ONH coloboma-affected NSDTR cases and 47 unaffected NSDTR controls with no ophthalmic signs, one SNP, located on chromosome 7, demonstrated genomewide significance. However, high genomic inflation may have confounded the results. Therefore, the genomewide association study was repeated using EMMAX to control for population structure in the cohort of 7 cases and 47 controls. However, no regions of the genome were significantly associated with ONH coloboma. These results failed to document significant association with the CEA locus. Due to the complex genetic etiology of ONH coloboma, the NHEJ1 intronic deletion test results should be carefully considered when making breeding decisions. If the goal is to select for visually competent dogs, our data suggest that eye examinations of puppies would be more effective as a guide in selection of breeding pairs than relying solely on currently available genetic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California—Davis
| | - Danika L. Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616,
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35
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Liu J, Wang P, Huang J, Yu Z. Rethinking genotype-phenotype correlations in papillorenal syndrome: a case report on an unusual congenital camptodactyly and skeletal deformity with a heterogeneous PAX2 mutation of hexanucleotide duplication. Gene 2017; 641:74-77. [PMID: 29054766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Papillorenal syndrome (PRS), an autosomal dominant inherited condition, is clinically featured by renal hypoplasia and optic nerve dysplasia. Based on current knowledge of genotype-phenotype correlations in PRS, mutations in the Paired box 2 (PAX2) gene have been recognized as a critical pathogenesis of typical renal and optic disease manifestations. However, little information is currently available on the skeletal abnormalities of PRS and the potential contribution of PAX2 mutations. Here, we present a case of a 10-year-old female PRS patient with the typical features of chronic renal failure and severe myopia, but was unexpectedly discovered camptodactyly of her left middle finger which affects the proximal interphalangeal joint. Pathologically, the camptodactyly was further indicated by radiology as a skeletal deformity, demonstrating a decline of bone mineral density and disappearance of joint space. Molecular diagnostics revealed a heterozygous mutation, 220_225dup, in the exon 3 of her PAX2 gene, which is de novo considering the lack of this mutation in her non-consanguineous parents. This mutation leads to duplication of glutamic acid at position 74 and tyrosine at position 75 in PAX2 protein, which may influence the DNA-binding function. Besides, the absence of Spalt like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) mutation excluded the diagnosis of acro-renal-ocular syndrome (AROS), of which clinical characteristics are similar to our patient's. This case unravels a previously unrecognized phenotype of camptodactyly due to a significant skeletal deformity of PRS with a heterogeneous PAX2 mutation of hexanucleotide duplication. This report challenges against the current belief of genotype-phenotype correlations in PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Zihua Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China.
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36
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Rainger J, Williamson KA, Soares DC, Truch J, Kurian D, Gillessen‐Kaesbach G, Seawright A, Prendergast J, Halachev M, Wheeler A, McTeir L, Gill AC, van Heyningen V, Davey MG, FitzPatrick DR. A recurrent de novo mutation in ACTG1 causes isolated ocular coloboma. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:942-946. [PMID: 28493397 PMCID: PMC5518294 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma (OC) is a defect in optic fissure closure and is a common cause of severe congenital visual impairment. Bilateral OC is primarily genetically determined and shows marked locus heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to analyze 12 trios (child affected with OC and both unaffected parents). This identified de novo mutations in 10 different genes in eight probands. Three of these genes encoded proteins associated with actin cytoskeleton dynamics: ACTG1, TWF1, and LCP1. Proband-only WES identified a second unrelated individual with isolated OC carrying the same ACTG1 allele, encoding p.(Pro70Leu). Both individuals have normal neurodevelopment with no extra-ocular signs of Baraitser-Winter syndrome. We found this mutant protein to be incapable of incorporation into F-actin. The LCP1 and TWF1 variants each resulted in only minor disturbance of actin interactions, and no further plausibly causative variants were identified in these genes on resequencing 380 unrelated individuals with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rainger
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Kathleen A Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Dinesh C Soares
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Julia Truch
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | | | - Anne Seawright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - James Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Mihail Halachev
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Ann Wheeler
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Lynn McTeir
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - Andrew C Gill
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | | | - Megan G Davey
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVSUniversity of EdinburghEaster Bush CampusMidlothianUK
| | - UK10K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteGenome CampusHinxtonCambridgeshireUK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMMUniversity of EdinburghWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
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Liu A, Wu M, Guo X, Guo H, Zhou Z, Wei K, Xuan K. Clinical, pathological, and genetic evaluations of Chinese patient with otodental syndrome and multiple complex odontoma: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6014. [PMID: 28151902 PMCID: PMC5293465 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Otodental syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant disease characterized by globodontia, associated with sensorineural, high-frequency hearing loss. Here, we describe the clinical, pathological, and genetic evaluations of a 9-year-old girl with otodental syndrome and multiple complex odontoma.The patient presented with a draining sinus tract in her left cheek, globodontia, and hearing loss. The odontomas which caused the cutaneous sinus tracts were extracted because of the odontogenic infection. The extracted odontoma and primary tooth was studied by micro-CT and further observed histopathologically. The micro-CT findings revealed that the primary tooth had three crowns with two separated pulp chambers, and their root canals were partially fused. The histological findings showed abnormal morphologies of odontoblasts and dentin, hyperplasia of enamel, and malformation of odontogenic epithelium. Furthermore, DNA sequencing and analyze of deafness associated gene GJB2, GJB3, and PDS had not revealed any SNP or mutation; but exon 3 of the causative gene FGF3 could not be amplified, which may be associated with the microdeletion at chromosome 11q13.3. Three month after surgery, the patient was found to be asymptomatic and even the evidence of the extra-oral sinus had disappeared.The dental abnormality of otodental syndrome included congenital missing teeth, globodontia, and multiple complex odontoma. Globodontia exhibited characteristic features of fusion teeth. In addition, gene FGF3 haploinsufficiency was likely to be the cause of otodental syndrome. The report provides some new information in the field of otodental syndrome, which would make dentists more familiar with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
| | - Xiaohe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
| | - Zhifei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
| | - Kewen Wei
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital of Tangdu, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology
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James A, Lee C, Williams AM, Angileri K, Lathrop KL, Gross JM. The hyaloid vasculature facilitates basement membrane breakdown during choroid fissure closure in the zebrafish eye. Dev Biol 2016; 419:262-272. [PMID: 27634568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A critical aspect of vertebrate eye development is closure of the choroid fissure (CF). Defects in CF closure result in colobomas, which are a significant cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Despite the growing number of mutated loci associated with colobomas, we have a limited understanding of the cell biological underpinnings of CF closure. Here, we utilize the zebrafish embryo to identify key phases of CF closure and regulators of the process. Utilizing Laminin-111 as a marker for the basement membrane (BM) lining the CF, we determine the spatial and temporal patterns of BM breakdown in the CF, a prerequisite for CF closure. Similarly, utilizing a combination of in vivo time-lapse imaging, β-catenin immunohistochemistry and F-actin staining, we determine that tissue fusion, which serves to close the fissure, follows BM breakdown closely. Periocular mesenchyme (POM)-derived endothelial cells, which migrate through the CF to give rise to the hyaloid vasculature, possess distinct actin foci that correlate with regions of BM breakdown. Disruption of talin1, which encodes a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, results in colobomas and these correlate with structural defects in the hyaloid vasculature and defects in BM breakdown. cloche mutants, which entirely lack a hyaloid vasculature, also possess defects in BM breakdown in the CF. Taken together, these data support a model in which the hyaloid vasculature and/or the POM-derived endothelial cells that give rise to the hyaloid vasculature contribute to BM breakdown during CF closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea James
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712
| | - Andre M Williams
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712
| | - Krista Angileri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kira L Lathrop
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, 78712
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Developmental Biology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Chacón-Camacho OF, Sobreira N, You J, Piña-Aguilar RE, Villegas-Ruiz V, Zenteno JC. Exome sequencing identifies a de novo frameshift mutation in the imprinted gene ZDBF2 in a sporadic patient with Nasopalpebral Lipoma-coloboma syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1934-7. [PMID: 27139419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome (NPLCS, OMIM%167730) is an uncommon malformation entity with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by the combination of nasopalpebral lipoma, colobomas in upper and lower eyelids, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia. To date, no genetic defects have been associated with familial or sporadic NPLCS cases and the etiology of the disease remains unknown. In this work, the results of whole exome sequencing in a sporadic NPLCS patient are presented. Exome sequencing identified a de novo heterozygous frameshift dinucleotide insertion c.6245_6246 insTT (p.His2082fs*67) in ZDBF2 (zinc finger, DBF-type containing 2), a gene located at 2q33.3. This variant was absent in parental DNA, in a set of 300 ethnically matched controls, and in public exome variant databases. This is the first genetic variant identified in a NPLCS patient and evidence supporting the pathogenicity of the identified mutation is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Chacón-Camacho
- Department of Genetics-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nara Sobreira
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jing You
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raul E Piña-Aguilar
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Medical Center "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Villegas-Ruiz
- Department of Genetics-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ramos M, Wilkens A, Krantz ID, Wu Y. Hearing loss, coloboma and left ventricular enlargement in a boy with an interstitial 10q26 deletion. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2016; 172:109-16. [PMID: 27125467 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Distal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 with breakpoints mapped at 10q26 is a well-recognized contiguous genomic disorder. A wide spectrum of clinical findings is seen in affected individuals and the common clinical features include craniofacial dysmorphia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, cardiovascular defects, and urogenital malformations. We report herein on a male patient with a 5.5 Mb interstitial deletion of 10q26.11q2613 and compare his clinical presentation to previously reported cases. Apart from characteristic phenotypes seen in 10q26 deletion syndrome, he presents with colobomas and left ventricle enlargement. These are cardiovascular and ophthalmological findings that have not been described in prior cases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Prasad MK, Geoffroy V, Vicaire S, Jost B, Dumas M, Le Gras S, Switala M, Gasse B, Laugel-Haushalter V, Paschaki M, Leheup B, Droz D, Dalstein A, Loing A, Grollemund B, Muller-Bolla M, Lopez-Cazaux S, Minoux M, Jung S, Obry F, Vogt V, Davideau JL, Davit-Beal T, Kaiser AS, Moog U, Richard B, Morrier JJ, Duprez JP, Odent S, Bailleul-Forestier I, Rousset MM, Merametdijan L, Toutain A, Joseph C, Giuliano F, Dahlet JC, Courval A, El Alloussi M, Laouina S, Soskin S, Guffon N, Dieux A, Doray B, Feierabend S, Ginglinger E, Fournier B, de la Dure Molla M, Alembik Y, Tardieu C, Clauss F, Berdal A, Stoetzel C, Manière MC, Dollfus H, Bloch-Zupan A. A targeted next-generation sequencing assay for the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders with orodental involvement. J Med Genet 2016; 53:98-110. [PMID: 26502894 PMCID: PMC4752661 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orodental diseases include several clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that can present in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Due to the vast number of genes implicated in these disorders, establishing a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to develop a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to diagnose mutations and potentially identify novel genes mutated in this group of disorders. METHODS We designed an NGS gene panel that targets 585 known and candidate genes in orodental disease. We screened a cohort of 101 unrelated patients without a molecular diagnosis referred to the Reference Centre for Oro-Dental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Strasbourg, France, for a variety of orodental disorders including isolated and syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), isolated and syndromic selective tooth agenesis (STHAG), isolated and syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta, isolated dentin dysplasia, otodental dysplasia and primary failure of tooth eruption. RESULTS We discovered 21 novel pathogenic variants and identified the causative mutation in 39 unrelated patients in known genes (overall diagnostic rate: 39%). Among the largest subcohorts of patients with isolated AI (50 unrelated patients) and isolated STHAG (21 unrelated patients), we had a definitive diagnosis in 14 (27%) and 15 cases (71%), respectively. Surprisingly, COL17A1 mutations accounted for the majority of autosomal-dominant AI cases. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel targeted NGS assay for the efficient molecular diagnosis of a wide variety of orodental diseases. Furthermore, our panel will contribute to better understanding the contribution of these genes to orodental disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01746121 and NCT02397824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megana K Prasad
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERMU1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERMU1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Serge Vicaire
- Plateforme de Biopuces et Séquençage, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Jost
- Plateforme de Biopuces et Séquençage, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michael Dumas
- Plateforme de Biopuces et Séquençage, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Gras
- Plateforme de Biopuces et Séquençage, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marzena Switala
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Gasse
- Evolution et Développement du Squelette-EDS, UMR7138-SAE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964 Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Paschaki
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERMU1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964 Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Adeline Loing
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Grollemund
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Muller-Bolla
- Départment d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
- URB2i—EA 4462, Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Séréna Lopez-Cazaux
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, CHU Hotel Dieu, Service d'odontologie conservatrice et pédiatrique, Nantes, France
| | - Maryline Minoux
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Jung
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Obry
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Vogt
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davideau
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tiphaine Davit-Beal
- Evolution et Développement du Squelette-EDS, UMR7138-SAE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | | | - Ute Moog
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Béatrice Richard
- Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Morrier
- Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Duprez
- Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, CHU de Toulouse, Odontologie Pédiatrique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Monique Marie Rousset
- Unité Fonctionnelle d'Odontologie pédiatrique, Service d'odontologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laure Merametdijan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Endodontie, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, France
| | | | - Clara Joseph
- Départment d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Dahlet
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Aymeric Courval
- Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Civil, HUS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mustapha El Alloussi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Laouina
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Mohammed V Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sylvie Soskin
- Pédiatrie 1, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Anne Dieux
- Service de génétique clinique Guy Fontaine, Centre Hospitalier Régionale Universitaire (CHRU) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephanie Feierabend
- Klinik für Zahnerhaltungskunde und Parodontologie, Universitats Klinikum, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Fournier
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Hôpital Rothschild, Pôle d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Muriel de la Dure Molla
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Hôpital Rothschild, Pôle d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Tardieu
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7268 ADES/EFS/CNRS, APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service Odontologie, Marseille, France
| | - François Clauss
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Hôpital Rothschild, Pôle d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERMU1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Cécile Manière
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERMU1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique, HUS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964 Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Mosallanejad A, Sayarifard F, Hosseinverdi S, Abbasi F, Shabni Mirzaee H, Rezaei N. Proptosis, Micrognathia, Low Set Ear and Chest Deformity in a Patient with Extra Marker Chromosome 22. Acta Med Iran 2015; 53:782-784. [PMID: 26749236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a number of syndromes, associated with proptosis, micrognathia, low-set ear and chest deformity. Herein, we report a 9-year-old female with such phenotype who was presented with a vaginal neuroma. The result of karyotype showed 47XX, with extra marker chromosome 22. Although such a manifestation had not been reported in the literature, it should be considered as a very rare manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mosallanejad
- Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Hosseinverdi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Abbasi
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shabni Mirzaee
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medicl Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Okumura T, Furuichi K, Higashide T, Sakurai M, Hashimoto SI, Shinozaki Y, Hara A, Iwata Y, Sakai N, Sugiyama K, Kaneko S, Wada T. Association of PAX2 and Other Gene Mutations with the Clinical Manifestations of Renal Coloboma Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142843. [PMID: 26571382 PMCID: PMC4646464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) is characterized by renal anomalies and optic nerve colobomas. PAX2 mutations contribute to RCS. However, approximately half of the patients with RCS have no mutation in PAX2 gene. METHODS To investigate the incidence and effects of mutations of PAX2 and 25 candidate genes, patient genes were screened using next-generation sequence analysis, and candidate mutations were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The correlation between mutations and clinical manifestation was evaluated. RESULT Thirty patients, including 26 patients (two families of five and two, 19 sporadic cases) with RCS, and 4 optic nerve coloboma only control cases were evaluated in the present study. Six PAX2 mutations in 21 probands [28%; two in family cohorts (n = 5 and n = 2) and in 4 out of 19 patients with sporadic disease] including four novel mutations were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Moreover, four other sequence variants (CHD7, SALL4, KIF26B, and SIX4) were also confirmed, including a potentially pathogenic novel KIF26B mutation. Kidney function and proteinuria were more severe in patients with PAX2 mutations than in those without the mutation. Moreover, the coloboma score was significantly higher in patients with PAX2 gene mutations. Three out of five patients with PAX2 mutations had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) diagnosed from kidney biopsies. CONCLUSION The results of this study identify several new mutations of PAX2, and sequence variants in four additional genes, including a novel potentially pathogenic mutation in KIF26B, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Okumura
- Department of Disease Control, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- Department of Disease Control, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomomi Higashide
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sakurai
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hashimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shinozaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Disease Control, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Disease Control, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Disease Control, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Deml B, Kariminejad A, Borujerdi RHR, Muheisen S, Reis LM, Semina EV. Mutations in MAB21L2 result in ocular Coloboma, microcornea and cataracts. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005002. [PMID: 25719200 PMCID: PMC4342166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular coloboma results from abnormal embryonic development and is often associated with additional ocular and systemic features. Coloboma is a highly heterogeneous disorder with many cases remaining unexplained. Whole exome sequencing from two cousins affected with dominant coloboma with microcornea, cataracts, and skeletal dysplasia identified a novel heterozygous allele in MAB21L2, c.151 C>G, p.(Arg51Gly); the mutation was present in all five family members with the disease and appeared de novo in the first affected generation of the three-generational pedigree. MAB21L2 encodes a protein similar to C. elegans mab-21 cell fate-determining factor; the molecular function of MAB21L2 is largely unknown. To further evaluate the role of MAB21L2, zebrafish mutants carrying a p.(Gln48Serfs*5) frameshift truncation (mab21l2Q48Sfs*5) and a p.(Arg51_Phe52del) in-frame deletion (mab21l2R51_F52del) were developed with TALEN technology. Homozygous zebrafish embryos from both lines developed variable lens and coloboma phenotypes: mab21l2Q48Sfs*5 embryos demonstrated severe lens and retinal defects with complete lethality while mab21l2R51_F52del mutants displayed a milder lens phenotype and severe coloboma with a small number of fish surviving to adulthood. Protein studies showed decreased stability for the human p.(Arg51Gly) and zebrafish p.(Arg51_Phe52del) mutant proteins and predicted a complete loss-of-function for the zebrafish p.(Gln48Serfs*5) frameshift truncation. Additionally, in contrast to wild-type human MAB21L2 transcript, mutant p.(Arg51Gly) mRNA failed to efficiently rescue the ocular phenotype when injected into mab21l2Q48Sfs*5 embryos, suggesting this allele is functionally deficient. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization experiments identified retinal invagination defects, an increase in cell death, abnormal proliferation patterns, and altered expression of several ocular markers in the mab21l2 mutants. These findings support the identification of MAB21L2 as a novel factor involved in human coloboma and highlight the power of genome editing manipulation in model organisms for analysis of the effects of whole exome variation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Deml
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pillai-Kastoori L, Wen W, Wilson SG, Strachan E, Lo-Castro A, Fichera M, Musumeci SA, Lehmann OJ, Morris AC. Sox11 is required to maintain proper levels of Hedgehog signaling during vertebrate ocular morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004491. [PMID: 25010521 PMCID: PMC4091786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a sight-threatening malformation caused by failure of the choroid fissure to close during morphogenesis of the eye, and is frequently associated with additional anomalies, including microphthalmia and cataracts. Although Hedgehog signaling is known to play a critical role in choroid fissure closure, genetic regulation of this pathway remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor Sox11 is required to maintain specific levels of Hedgehog signaling during ocular development. Sox11-deficient zebrafish embryos displayed delayed and abnormal lens formation, coloboma, and a specific reduction in rod photoreceptors, all of which could be rescued by treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor cyclopamine. We further demonstrate that the elevated Hedgehog signaling in Sox11-deficient zebrafish was caused by a large increase in shha transcription; indeed, suppressing Shha expression rescued the ocular phenotypes of sox11 morphants. Conversely, over-expression of sox11 induced cyclopia, a phenotype consistent with reduced levels of Sonic hedgehog. We screened DNA samples from 79 patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia, or coloboma (MAC) and identified two novel heterozygous SOX11 variants in individuals with coloboma. In contrast to wild type human SOX11 mRNA, mRNA containing either variant failed to rescue the lens and coloboma phenotypes of Sox11-deficient zebrafish, and both exhibited significantly reduced transactivation ability in a luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, decreased gene dosage from a segmental deletion encompassing the SOX11 locus resulted in microphthalmia and related ocular phenotypes. Therefore, our study reveals a novel role for Sox11 in controlling Hedgehog signaling, and suggests that SOX11 variants contribute to pediatric eye disorders. Ocular coloboma is a condition in which tissue is missing from a portion of the eye due to its abnormal development. Coloboma is also frequently associated with additional anomalies, including microphthalmia (abnormally small eye) and cataracts. Although some of the genes that cause coloboma have been identified, in the majority of cases the underlying genetic cause has not been determined. One pathway that has been implicated in coloboma is the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. In this study, we have taken advantage of the ability to titrate levels of gene expression in zebrafish to demonstrate for the first time that the transcription factor Sox11 is required to limit levels of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling during ocular development. We show that in the absence of Sox11, levels of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) ligand are greatly elevated, which disrupts the proper patterning of the optic stalk and optic vesicle, resulting in coloboma. We also provide evidence that SOX11 dosage changes or mutations contribute to human coloboma, microphthalmia, and rod photoreceptor dysfunction. Thus, our work establishes a novel link between Sox11 and Hh signaling, and suggests that mutations in SOX11 contribute to pediatric eye disorders such as coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pillai-Kastoori
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Erin Strachan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adriana Lo-Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Pediatric Neurology Unit, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy, and Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ordan J. Lehmann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rainger J, Pehlivan D, Johansson S, Bengani H, Sanchez-Pulido L, Williamson KA, Ture M, Barker H, Rosendahl K, Spranger J, Horn D, Meynert A, Floyd JAB, Prescott T, Anderson CA, Rainger JK, Karaca E, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Jhangiani S, Muzny DM, Seawright A, Soares DC, Kharbanda M, Murday V, Finch A, Gibbs RA, van Heyningen V, Taylor MS, Yakut T, Knappskog PM, Hurles ME, Ponting CP, Lupski JR, Houge G, FitzPatrick DR. Monoallelic and biallelic mutations in MAB21L2 cause a spectrum of major eye malformations. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:915-23. [PMID: 24906020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified four different missense mutations in the single-exon gene MAB21L2 in eight individuals with bilateral eye malformations from five unrelated families via three independent exome sequencing projects. Three mutational events altered the same amino acid (Arg51), and two were identical de novo mutations (c.151C>T [p.Arg51Cys]) in unrelated children with bilateral anophthalmia, intellectual disability, and rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia. c.152G>A (p.Arg51His) segregated with autosomal-dominant bilateral colobomatous microphthalmia in a large multiplex family. The fourth heterozygous mutation (c.145G>A [p.Glu49Lys]) affected an amino acid within two residues of Arg51 in an adult male with bilateral colobomata. In a fifth family, a homozygous mutation (c.740G>A [p.Arg247Gln]) altering a different region of the protein was identified in two male siblings with bilateral retinal colobomata. In mouse embryos, Mab21l2 showed strong expression in the developing eye, pharyngeal arches, and limb bud. As predicted by structural homology, wild-type MAB21L2 bound single-stranded RNA, whereas this activity was lost in all altered forms of the protein. MAB21L2 had no detectable nucleotidyltransferase activity in vitro, and its function remains unknown. Induced expression of wild-type MAB21L2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells increased phospho-ERK (pERK1/2) signaling. Compared to the wild-type and p.Arg247Gln proteins, the proteins with the Glu49 and Arg51 variants had increased stability. Abnormal persistence of pERK1/2 signaling in MAB21L2-expressing cells during development is a plausible pathogenic mechanism for the heterozygous mutations. The phenotype associated with the homozygous mutation might be a consequence of complete loss of MAB21L2 RNA binding, although the cellular function of this interaction remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rainger
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hemant Bengani
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luis Sanchez-Pulido
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kathleen A Williamson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mehmet Ture
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Uludag, 16120 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Heather Barker
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karen Rosendahl
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alison Meynert
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James A B Floyd
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Trine Prescott
- Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jacqueline K Rainger
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anne Seawright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Dinesh C Soares
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Medical Research Council Institute Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mira Kharbanda
- Clinical Genetics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Victoria Murday
- Clinical Genetics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Andrew Finch
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Veronica van Heyningen
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tahsin Yakut
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Uludag, 16120 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Per M Knappskog
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Chris P Ponting
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 604B, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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Platzer K, Hüning I, Obieglo C, Schwarzmayr T, Gabriel R, Strom TM, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Kaiser FJ. Exome sequencing identifies compound heterozygous mutations in C12orf57 in two siblings with severe intellectual disability, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal coloboma, and intractable seizures. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1976-80. [PMID: 24798461 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In patients with genetically heterogeneous disorders such as intellectual disability or epilepsy, exome sequencing is a powerful tool to elucidate the underlying genetic cause. Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in C12orf57 have recently been described to cause an autosomal recessive syndromic form of intellectual disability, including agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, optic coloboma, and intractable seizures. Here, we report on two siblings from nonconsanguineous parents harboring two compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in C12orf57 identified by exome sequencing, including a novel nonsense mutation, and review the patients described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Platzer
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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49
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Zhang R, Huang H, Cao P, Wang Z, Chen Y, Pan Y. Sma- and Mad-related protein 7 (Smad7) is required for embryonic eye development in the mouse. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10275-85. [PMID: 23426374 PMCID: PMC3624411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad7 is an intracellular inhibitory protein that antagonizes the signaling of TGF-β family members. Deletion of Smad7 in the mouse leads to an abnormality in heart development. However, whether Smad7 has a functional role in the development of other organs has been elusive. Here we present evidence that Smad7 imparts a role to eye development in the mouse. Smad7 is expressed in both the lens and retina in the developing embryonic eye. Depletion of Smad7 caused various degrees of coloboma and microphthalmia with alterations in cell apoptosis and proliferation in eyes. Smad7 was implicated in lens differentiation but was not required for the induction of the lens placode. The development of the periocular mesenchyme was retarded with the down-regulation of Bmp7 and Pitx2 in mutant mice. Retinal spatial patterning was affected by Smad7 deletion and was accompanied by altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. At late gestation stages, TGF-β signaling was up-regulated in the differentiating retina. Smad7 mutant mice displayed an expanded optic disc with increasing of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Furthermore, loss of Smad7 led to a temporal change in retinal neurogenesis. In conclusion, our study suggests that Smad7 is essential for eye development. In addition, our data indicate that alterations in the signaling of BMP, TGF-β, and SHH likely underlie the defects in eye development caused by Smad7 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Heng Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peijuan Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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50
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Aydin B, Dilli D, Beken S, Zenciroglu A, Uzunalic N, Yuksekkaya P, Akyuz SG, Aydog O, Okumus N. Papillorenal syndrome with de novo reciprocal translocation t(2;15) (q31; q26). Genet Couns 2013; 24:201-205. [PMID: 24032291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal hypoplasia is a congenital anomaly, the etiology of which is not yet fully known. Genetic studies have shown that certain genes, in utero environmental factors and molecular mechanisms have a role in the identification ofnephron formation and kidney size. The coexistence of bilateral renal hypoplasia and optic disc coloboma is observed in papillorenal syndrome, which caused by the mutation of the PAX2 gene. In the case presented in this article, bilateral renal hypoplasia and optic disc coloboma have been detected to coexist. The analysis of the PAX2 gene, which was carried out with an eye to the papillorenal syndrome, did not reveal any mutations. However, de novo t(2;15) (q31; q26) (reciprocal translocation) was detected in chromosome analysis. As far as we know, there are not any publications focusing on the clinical importance of this type of translocation. In cases with renal hypoplasia and optic disc coloboma, the possibility of a de novo translocation between chromosomes 2 and 15 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aydin
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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