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Abstract
Acute dystonic reactions are a worrying reason for presentation to the pediatric emergency department and the pediatric neurology clinic in childhood. It must be diagnosed and treated quickly. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentations, etiological factors, and prognosis of patients presenting to our regional tertiary pediatric neurology clinic with a diagnosis of acute dystonic reactions in children.Nine pediatric patients who were treated for acute dystonic reactions between May, 2018 and May, 2020 and had adequate follow-up were included in the study. Medical record data were reviewed age, gender, etiology, features of family, treatment, and results.Three of the patients were female and 6 were male. Their average age was 11 years (4-17). All patients were evaluated as a drug-induced acute dystonic reaction. Of the 9 patients, 5 were due to metoclopramide, 3 were due to risperidone, and 1 was due to aripiprazole. It was learned that a similar situation against other drugs developed in the family history of 3 patients. As a treatment, all of them were intramuscularly applied biperiden suitable for their weight and 30 minutes dramatic improvement was observed. Additional dose had to be administered in only 1 case. All cases were discharged for 24 hours. No problem was observed in their follow-up.Drug-induced acute dystonic reaction can be diagnosed and has a clinical picture that completely resolves when effective treatment is applied. However, it should not be forgotten that it can reach life-threatening dimensions clinically.
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Koshiishi T, Koinuma M, Takagi A, Nakamura H. Pharmacological considerations in antipsychotic drug selection for prevention of drug-induced dysphagia. Pharmazie 2020; 75:595-598. [PMID: 33239136 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2020.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs have the ability to induce dysphagia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the receptor affinity of antipsychotic drugs and the time-to-onset of dysphagia, and to identify factors that prevent antipsychotic drug-induced dysphagia. We used the receptor affinity of 13 antipsychotic drugs for which data were reported in an in vitro test using human receptors, extracted time-to-onset dysphagia from the Japan Adverse Drug Event Report database, and used data from 46 patients to evaluate the correlation between receptor affinity and time-to-onset of dysphagia. We found a negative correlation between D₂ receptor affinity and time-to-onset of dysphagia (r = -0.4572, p = 0.0016), and a positive correlation between H1, M1, and M₃ receptor affinity and time-to-onset of dysphagia (r = 0.5006, p = 0.0006; r = 0.4130, p = 0.0059; and r = 0.4149, p = 0.0057, respectively). Antipsychotic drugs with a strong D₂ receptor-blocking action may accelerate the onset of dysphagia, whereas a strong H1, M1, and M₃ receptor-blocking action may delay the onset of dysphagia. The current study revealed the relationship between the receptor affinity of antipsychotic drugs and the time-to-onset of dysphagia, which should aid in the selection of antipsychotic drugs, while preventing dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koshiishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan;,
| | - M Koinuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - A Takagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
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Aslostovar L, Boyd AL, Almakadi M, Collins TJ, Leong DP, Tirona RG, Kim RB, Julian JA, Xenocostas A, Leber B, Levine MN, Foley R, Bhatia M. A phase 1 trial evaluating thioridazine in combination with cytarabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1935-1945. [PMID: 30093531 PMCID: PMC6093733 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We completed a phase 1 dose-escalation trial to evaluate the safety of a dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist thioridazine (TDZ), in combination with cytarabine. Thirteen patients 55 years and older with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were enrolled. Oral TDZ was administered at 3 dose levels: 25 mg (n = 6), 50 mg (n = 4), or 100 mg (n = 3) every 6 hours for 21 days. Intermediate-dose cytarabine was administered on days 6 to 10. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included grade 3 QTc interval prolongation in 1 patient at 25 mg TDZ and neurological events in 2 patients at 100 mg TDZ (gait disturbance, depressed consciousness, and dizziness). At the 50-mg TDZ dose, the sum of circulating DRD2 antagonist levels approached a concentration of 10 μM, a level noted to be selectively active against human AML in vitro. Eleven of 13 patients completed a 5-day lead-in with TDZ, of which 6 received TDZ with hydroxyurea and 5 received TDZ alone. During this period, 8 patients demonstrated a 19% to 55% reduction in blast levels, whereas 3 patients displayed progressive disease. The extent of blast reduction during this 5-day interval was associated with the expression of the putative TDZ target receptor DRD2 on leukemic cells. These preliminary results suggest that DRD2 represents a potential therapeutic target for AML disease. Future studies are required to corroborate these observations, including the use of modified DRD2 antagonists with improved tolerability in AML patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02096289.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Almakadi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Malignant Hematology, Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Darryl P Leong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rommel G Tirona
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard B Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jim A Julian
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; and
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark N Levine
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Metoclopramide, domperidone: sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia. Prescrire Int 2016; 25:238-40. [PMID: 30645828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The results of two large epidemiological studies on the association between domperidone and ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death were published in 2015; one study was conducted in Taiwan and the other in the United Kingdom. They also examined metoclopramide. Both studies demonstrated an increased risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia with metoclopramide, similar to the risk associated with domperidone. The results concerning domperidone were consistent with those of previous studies. In particular, they showed that the risk was higher with doses greater than 30 mg per day or with concomitant use of inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4, which reduce domperidone clearance. In practice, metoclopramide has a marginal role in patient care, with minor efficacy. Domperidone should not be used at all; its efficacy at the approved dose, beyond a placebo effect, is uncertain.
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Yaman A, Kendirli T, Ödek Ç, Yıldız C, Beğde F, Erkol H, İnce E. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with metoclopramide in a child. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56:535-537. [PMID: 26022591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with antipsychotic medication. NMS has also been associated with non-neuroleptic agents that block central dopamine pathways, such as metoclopramide, amoxapine and lithium. Metoclopromide has antidopaminergic properties and is a rare but well-recognized perpetrator in the development of NMS. NMS has a constellation of signs and symptoms, including hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis, hypertension and altered mental status. We present a 2-year-old girl who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome after metoclopromide therapy. High-dose metoclopromide was given to our patient, and it is very likely that she was dehydrated while using metoclopromide, as she developed NMS two hours after treatment. The patient was discharged on the sixth day after admission to our hospital, having been cured. In summary, NMS developed in this patient very soon after metoclopromide treatment. NMS is a life-threatening emergency; if not recognized, or left untreated, it may be fatal. Therefore, early recognition of the developing signs and symptoms, along with a thorough medical history, is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yaman
- Intensive Care Unit, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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