1
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Chen Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Feng Y, Guan X, Li D, Ren X, Gao S, Huang J, Guan X, Shi W, Liu M. The role of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) proteins in recruiting the ESCRT pathway through three ways in the host cells of fish during IHNV budding. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:833-841. [PMID: 31299463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In cytokinetic abscission, phagophore formation, and enveloped virus budding are mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Many retroviruses and RNA viruses encode "late-domain" motifs that can interact with the components of the ESCRT pathway to mediate the viral assembly and budding. However, the rhabdovirus in fish has been rarely investigated. In this study, inhibition the protein expression of the ESCRT components reduces the extracellular virion production, which preliminarily indicates that the ESCRT pathway is involved in IHNV release. The respective interactions of IHNV proteins including M, G, L protein with Nedd4, Tsg101, and Alix suggest the underlying molecular mechanism by which IHNV gets access to the ESCRT pathway. These results are the first observation that rhabdovirus in fish gains access to the ESCRT pathway through three ways of interactions between viral proteins and host proteins. In addition, the results show that IHNV is released from host cells through the ESCRT pathway. Taken together, our study provides a theoretical basis for studying the budding mechanism of IHNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Dechuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jinshan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xueting Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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2
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Paez-Valencia J, Otegui MS. Purification of Plant ESCRT Proteins for Polyclonal Antibody Production. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1998:227-238. [PMID: 31250306 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9492-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III proteins are not fully functional when expressed as fusion of fluorescent or epitope tags, frequently making the use of specific antibodies the only available method for their detection. Heterologous expression of ESCRT-III proteins in bacteria often results in the formation of insoluble aggregates or inclusion bodies that interfere with their purification. However, inclusion bodies are usually pure protein aggregates with high antigenicity. In addition, since proteins within inclusion bodies are presented in a range of folding states, immunization with inclusion bodies can potentially result in antibodies with specificity for different folding states of the protein under study. We describe here a protocol to isolate bacterial inclusion bodies of plant ESCRT-III proteins for production of polyclonal antibodies. We also describe a nitrocellulose-based immunoaffinity purification method that allows the immobilization of ESCRT-III proteins and the subsequent isolation of specific antibodies from a crude serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Paez-Valencia
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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3
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Kumthip K, Yang D, Li NL, Zhang Y, Fan M, Sethuraman A, Li K. Pivotal role for the ESCRT-II complex subunit EAP30/SNF8 in IRF3-dependent innate antiviral defense. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006713. [PMID: 29084253 PMCID: PMC5679654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of interferon (IFN)-regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), characterized by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the latent transcription factor, is central to initiating innate antiviral responses. Whereas much has been learned about the upstream pathways and signaling mechanisms leading to IRF3 activation, how activated IRF3 operates in the nucleus to control transcription of IFNs remains obscure. Here we identify EAP30 (a.k.a, SNF8/VPS22), an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-II subunit, as an essential factor controlling IRF3-dependent antiviral defense. Depletion of EAP30, but not other ESCRT-II subunits, compromised IRF3-dependent induction of type I and III IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and chemokines by double-stranded RNA or viruses. EAP30, however, was dispensable for the induction of inflammatory mediators of strict NF-κB target. Significantly, knockdown of EAP30 also impaired the establishment of an antiviral state against vesicular stomatitis virus and hepatitis C virus, which are of distinct viral families. Mechanistically, EAP30 was not required for IRF3 activation but rather acted at a downstream step. Specifically, a fraction of EAP30 localized within the nucleus, where it formed a complex with IRF3 and its transcriptional co-activator, CREB-binding protein (CBP), in a virus-inducible manner. These interactions promoted IRF3 binding to target gene promoters such as IFN-β, IFN-λ1 and ISG56. Together, our data describe an unappreciated role for EAP30 in IRF3-dependent innate antiviral response in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Darong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan L. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiyun Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aarti Sethuraman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Luo Z, Ge M, Chen J, Geng Q, Tian M, Qiao Z, Bai L, Zhang Q, Zhu C, Xiong Y, Wu K, Liu F, Liu Y, Wu J. HRS plays an important role for TLR7 signaling to orchestrate inflammation and innate immunity upon EV71 infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006585. [PMID: 28854257 PMCID: PMC5595348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an RNA virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), and even fatal encephalitis in children. Although EV71 pathogenesis remains largely obscure, host immune responses may play important roles in the development of diseases. Recognition of pathogens mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces host immune and inflammatory responses. Intracellular TLRs must traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the endolysosomal network from where they initiate complete signaling, leading to inflammatory response. This study reveals a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of TLR7 signaling during EV71 infection. Initially, we show that multiple cytokines are differentially expressed during viral infection and demonstrate that EV71 infection induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines through regulating TLR7-mediated p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further studies reveal that the expression of the endosome-associated protein hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) is upregulated and highly correlated with the expression of TLR7 in EV71 infected patients, mice, and cultured cells. Virus-induced HRS subsequently enhances TLR7 complex formation in early- and late-endosome by interacting with TLR7 and TAB1. Moreover, HRS is involved in the regulation of the TLR7/NF-κB/p38 MAPK and the TLR7/NF-κB/IRF3 signaling pathways to induce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively, resulting in the orchestration of inflammatory and immune responses to the EV71 infection. Therefore, this study demonstrates that HRS acts as a key component of TLR7 signaling to orchestrate immune and inflammatory responses during EV71 infection, and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of host inflammation and innate immunity during EV71 infection. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a highly infectious positive-stranded RNA virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). As a major pathogen, EV71 infection leads to host immune responses in the disease severity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize pathogens to induce host immunity and inflammation. Most TLRs must traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to endolysosomal network before responding to ligands. The hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) regulates ESCRT-0 complex and endosomal sorting of membrane proteins. HRS is required for ubiquitin-dependent TLR9 targeting to the endolysosome, however, the mechanism by which HRS regulates inflammation and immunity mediated by TLR7 is still largely unknown. Here, we reveal that HRS is a key component of TLR7 signaling to orchestrate immunity and inflammation during EV71 infection. EV71 infection induces the expression of HRS, which subsequently enhances the TLR7 complex formation by binding with TLR7 and TAB1. HRS facilitates TLR7/NF-κB/p38 MAPK and TLR7/NF-κB/IRF3 signaling pathways to produce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, leading to induction of inflammatory and immune responses. Thus, we identify HRS as a key regulator of TLR7 signaling and illustrate a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of host immunity and inflammation during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (YL); (FL)
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (YL); (FL)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (YL); (FL)
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Bednash JS, Weathington N, Londino J, Rojas M, Gulick DL, Fort R, Han S, McKelvey AC, Chen BB, Mallampalli RK. Targeting the deubiquitinase STAMBP inhibits NALP7 inflammasome activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15203. [PMID: 28492230 PMCID: PMC5437278 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes regulate innate immune responses by facilitating maturation of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 7 (NALP7) is one inflammasome constituent, but little is known about its cellular handling. Here we show a mechanism for NALP7 protein stabilization and activation of the inflammasome by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonism with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the synthetic acylated lipopeptide Pam3CSK4. NALP7 is constitutively ubiquitinated and recruited to the endolysosome for degradation. With TLR ligation, the deubiquitinase enzyme, STAM-binding protein (STAMBP) impedes NALP7 trafficking to lysosomes to increase NALP7 abundance. STAMBP deubiquitinates NALP7 and STAMBP knockdown abrogates LPS or Pam3CSK4-induced increases in NALP7 protein. A small-molecule inhibitor of STAMBP deubiquitinase activity, BC-1471, decreases NALP7 protein levels and suppresses IL-1β release after TLR agonism. These findings describe a unique pathway of inflammasome regulation with the identification of STAMBP as a potential therapeutic target to reduce pro-inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Bednash
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weathington
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - James Londino
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Dexter L. Gulick
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Robert Fort
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - SeungHye Han
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Alison C. McKelvey
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Montefiore, NW 628, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA
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Mehra A, Zahra A, Thompson V, Sirisaengtaksin N, Wells A, Porto M, Köster S, Penberthy K, Kubota Y, Dricot A, Rogan D, Vidal M, Hill DE, Bean AJ, Philips JA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis type VII secreted effector EsxH targets host ESCRT to impair trafficking. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003734. [PMID: 24204276 PMCID: PMC3814348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disrupts anti-microbial pathways of macrophages, cells that normally kill bacteria. Over 40 years ago, D'Arcy Hart showed that Mtb avoids delivery to lysosomes, but the molecular mechanisms that allow Mtb to elude lysosomal degradation are poorly understood. Specialized secretion systems are often used by bacterial pathogens to translocate effectors that target the host, and Mtb encodes type VII secretion systems (TSSSs) that enable mycobacteria to secrete proteins across their complex cell envelope; however, their cellular targets are unknown. Here, we describe a systematic strategy to identify bacterial virulence factors by looking for interactions between the Mtb secretome and host proteins using a high throughput, high stringency, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) platform. Using this approach we identified an interaction between EsxH, which is secreted by the Esx-3 TSSS, and human hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hgs/Hrs), a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT has a well-described role in directing proteins destined for lysosomal degradation into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), ensuring degradation of the sorted cargo upon MVB-lysosome fusion. Here, we show that ESCRT is required to deliver Mtb to the lysosome and to restrict intracellular bacterial growth. Further, EsxH, in complex with EsxG, disrupts ESCRT function and impairs phagosome maturation. Thus, we demonstrate a role for a TSSS and the host ESCRT machinery in one of the central features of tuberculosis pathogenesis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis, one of the world's most deadly infections. The host immune system can't eradicate Mtb because it grows within macrophages, cells that normally kill bacteria. One of the intracellular survival strategies of Mtb is to avoid delivery to lysosomes, a phenomenon described over 40 years ago, but for which the mechanism and molecular details remain incomplete. Mtb possess specialized secretion systems (Type VII secretion systems; TSSS) that transfer particular proteins out of the bacteria, but how these proteins promote infection is not well understood. In this study, we used a high stringency yeast two-hybrid system to identify interactions between secreted effectors from Mtb and human host factors. We identified ninety-nine such interactions and focused our attention on the interaction between EsxH, secreted by Esx-3, a TSSS of Mtb, and Hrs, a component of the host ESCRT machinery. We provide evidence that Mtb EsxH directly targets host Hrs to disrupt delivery of bacteria to lysosomes. Thus, this study demonstrates the role of a TSSS effector and the ESCRT machinery in what is one of the central features of tuberculosis pathogenesis, thereby providing molecular insight into why humans can't clear Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Mehra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aleena Zahra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Victor Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalie Sirisaengtaksin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashley Wells
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maura Porto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefan Köster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kristen Penberthy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yoshihisha Kubota
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amelie Dricot
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Rogan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kurzweil V, Tarangelo A, Oliver PM. Gastrointestinal microbiota do not significantly contribute to T cell activation or GI inflammation in Ndfip1-cKO mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34478. [PMID: 22506022 PMCID: PMC3323617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria inhabiting the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract play a vital role in normal digestion and immune function. In a healthy host, the immune system is tolerant to gut bacteria and does not mount an effector response to bacteria-derived antigens. Loss of tolerance to intestinal microflora has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in both mice and humans. Mice lacking Ndfip1, an adaptor protein for E3 ubiquitin ligases of the Nedd4-family, in T cells (Ndfip1-cKO) develop a disease resembling IBD. Inflammation in these mice is characterized by increased activation of peripheral T cells, infiltration of eosinophils into the GI tract, and epithelial hypertrophy in the esophagus. We hypothesized that this intestinal inflammation in Ndfip1-cKO mice is caused by a loss of T-cell tolerance to bacterial antigens. Here, we show that treatment of Ndfip1-cKO mice with broad-spectrum antibiotics drastically reduced bacterial load in stool but had little effect on T-cell activation and did not affect eosinophil infiltration into the GI tract or epithelial hypertrophy in the esophagus. Thus, inflammation in Ndfip1-cKO mice is not caused by a loss of tolerance to intestinal microbiota. Rather, T cell activation and eosinophilia may instead be triggered by other environmental antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kurzweil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paula M. Oliver
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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