1
|
Guo X, Shen H, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Peng C, Liu W, Zhao ZK. Enabling Heterologous Synthesis of Lupulones in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:787-797. [PMID: 30684240 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lupulones, naturally produced by glandular trichomes of hop (Humulus lupulus), are prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives that contribute the bitter flavor of beer and demonstrate antimicrobial and anticancer activities. It is appealing to develop microbial cell factories such that lupulones may be produced via fermentation technology in lieu of extraction from limited plant resources. In this study, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants harboring a synthetic lupulone pathway that consisted of five genes from hop were constructed. The transformants accumulated several precursors but failed to accumulate lupulones. Overexpression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl co-enzyme A reductase, the key enzyme in precursor formation in the mevalonate pathway, also failed to achieve a detectable level of lupulones. To decrease the consumption of the precursors, the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway was chemically downregulated by a small molecule ketoconazole, leading to successful production of lupulones. Our study demonstrated a combination of molecular biology and chemical biology to regulate the metabolism for heterologous production of lupulones. The strategy may be valuable for future engineering microbial process for other prenylated natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuxue Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Peng
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gatica-Arias A, Farag MA, Stanke M, Matoušek J, Wessjohann L, Weber G. Flavonoid production in transgenic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) altered by PAP1/MYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L. Plant Cell Rep 2012; 31:111-9. [PMID: 21912858 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hop is an important source of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. Some of these are pharmacologically active. Nevertheless, the concentration of some classes as flavonoids in wild-type plants is rather low. To enhance the production in hop, it would be interesting to modify the regulation of genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. For this purpose, the regulatory factor PAP1/AtMYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L. was introduced into hop plants cv. Tettnanger by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Twenty kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants were obtained. It was shown that PAP1/AtMYB75 was stably incorporated and expressed in the hop genome. In comparison to the wild-type plants, the color of female flowers and cones of transgenic plants was reddish to pink. Chemical analysis revealed higher levels of anthocyanins, rutin, isoquercitin, kaempferol-glucoside, kaempferol-glucoside-malonate, desmethylxanthohumol, xanthohumol, α-acids and β-acids in transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gatica-Arias
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kavalier AR, Pitra NJ, Koelling JM, Coles MC, Kennelly EJ, Matthews PD. Increase in cone biomass and terpenophenolics in hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) by treatment with prohexadione-calcium. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:6720-6729. [PMID: 21598976 DOI: 10.1021/jf200677y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Humulus lupulus L. (hop), a specialty crop bred for flavor characteristics of the inflorescence, is an essential ingredient in beer. Hop inflorescences, commonly known as hop cones, contain terpenophenolic compounds, which are important for beer flavoring and of interest in biomedical research. Hop breeders focus their efforts on increasing cone biomass and terpenophenolic content. As an alternative to traditional breeding, hops were treated with prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca), a growth inhibitor previously shown to have positive agronomic effects in several crops. Application of Pro-Ca to hop plants during cone maturation induced increases in cone biomass production by 1.5-19.6% and increased terpenophenolic content by 9.1-87.3%; however, some treatments also induced significant decreases in terpenophenolic content. Induced changes in cone biomass production and terpenophenolic accumulation were most dependent on cultivar and the developmental stage at which plants were treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Kavalier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Batista D, Fonseca S, Serrazina S, Figueiredo A, Pais MS. Efficient and stable transformation of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) var. Eroica by particle bombardment. Plant Cell Rep 2008; 27:1185-1196. [PMID: 18369628 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first accurate and reliable protocol for hop (Humulus lupulus L.) genetic transformation using particle bombardment. Based on the highly productive regeneration system previously developed by us for hop var. Eroica, two efficient transformation protocols were established using petioles and green organogenic nodular clusters (GONCs) bombarded with gusA reporter and hpt selectable genes. A total of 36 hygromycin B-resistant (hyg(r)) plants obtained upon continuous selection were successfully transferred to the greenhouse, and a first generation group of transplanted plants was followed after spending a complete vegetative cycle. PCR analysis showed the presence of one of both transgenes in 25 plants, corresponding to an integration frequency of 69.4% and an overall transformation efficiency of 7.5%. Although all final transformants were GUS negative, the integration frequency of gusA gene was higher than that of hpt gene. Petiole-derived transgenic plants showed a higher co-integration rate of 76.9%. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed co-integration in 86% of the plants tested and its stability until the first generation, and identified positive plants amongst those previously assessed as hpt (+) only by conventional PCR. Our results suggest that the integration frequencies presented here, as well as those of others, may have been underestimated, and that PCR results should be taken with precaution not only for false positives, but also for false negatives. The protocols here described could be very useful for future introduction of metabolic or resistance traits in hop cultivars even if slight modifications for other genotypes are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Batista
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Science and Technology (ICAT), Science Faculty, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|