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Bhatia B, Tang-Huau TL, Feldmann F, Hanley PW, Rosenke R, Shaia C, Marzi A, Feldmann H. Single-dose VSV-based vaccine protects against Kyasanur Forest disease in nonhuman primates. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj1428. [PMID: 37672587 PMCID: PMC10482351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) is an endemic arbovirus in western India mainly transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis. KFDV causes Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), a syndrome including fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hemorrhages. There are no approved treatments, and the efficacy of the only vaccine licensed in India has recently been questioned. Here, we studied the protective efficacy of a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine expressing the KFDV precursor membrane and envelope proteins (VSV-KFDV) in pigtailed macaques. VSV-KFDV vaccination was found to be safe and elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses. A single-dose vaccination reduced KFDV loads and pathology and protected macaques from KFD-like disease. Furthermore, VSV-KFDV elicited cross-reactive neutralizing immune responses to Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, a KFDV variant found in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Bhatia
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Arumugam S, Varamballi P. In-silico design of envelope based multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Kyasanur forest disease virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17118. [PMID: 34429443 PMCID: PMC8384868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) causing tick-borne hemorrhagic fever which was earlier endemic to western Ghats, southern India, it is now encroaching into new geographic regions, but there is no approved medicine or effective vaccine against this deadly disease. In this study, we did in-silico design of multi-epitope subunit vaccine for KFDV. B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted from conserved regions of KFDV envelope protein and two vaccine candidates (VC1 and VC2) were constructed, those were found to be non-allergic and possess good antigenic properties, also gives cross-protection against Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus. The 3D structures of vaccine candidates were built and validated. Docking analysis of vaccine candidates with toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) by Cluspro and PatchDock revealed strong affinity between VC1 and TLR2. Ligplot tool was identified the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between vaccine candidates and TLR-2, iMOD server confirmed the stability of the docking complexes. JCAT sever ensured cloning efficiency of both vaccine constructs and in-silico cloning into pET30a (+) vector by SnapGene showed successful translation of epitope region. IMMSIM server was identified increased immunological responses. Finally, multi-epitope vaccine candidates were designed and validated their efficiency, it may pave the way for up-coming vaccine and diagnostic kit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Arumugam
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Prasad Varamballi
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Asaaga FA, Rahman M, Kalegowda SD, Mathapati J, Savanur I, Srinivas PN, Seshadri T, Narayanswamy D, Kiran SK, Oommen MA, Young JC, Purse BV. 'None of my ancestors ever discussed this disease before!' How disease information shapes adaptive capacity of marginalised rural populations in India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009265. [PMID: 33705400 PMCID: PMC7987196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smallholder farmer and tribal communities are often characterised as marginalised and highly vulnerable to emerging zoonotic diseases due to their relatively poor access to healthcare, worse-off health outcomes, proximity to sources of disease risks, and their social and livelihood organisation. Yet, access to relevant and timely disease information that could strengthen their adaptive capacity remain challenging and poorly characterised in the empirical literature. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the role of disease information in shaping the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmer and tribal groups to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever. We carried out household surveys (n = 229) and in-depth interviews (n = 25) in two affected districts-Shimoga and Wayanad-in the Western Ghats region. Our findings suggest that, despite the generally limited awareness about KFD, access to disease information improved households' propensity to implement adaptation strategies relative to households that had no access to it. Of the variety of adaptation strategies implemented, vaccination, avoiding forest visits, wearing of protective clothing and footwear, application of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) oil and income diversification were identified by respondents as important adaptive measures during the outbreak seasons. Even so, we identified significant differences between individuals in exposure to disease information and its contribution to substantive adaptive action. Households reported several barriers to implement adaptation strategies including, lack of disease information, low efficacy of existing vaccine, distrust, religio-cultural sentiments, and livelihood concerns. We also found that informal information sharing presented a promising avenue from a health extension perspective albeit with trade-offs with potential distortion of the messages through misinformation and/or reporting bias. Altogether, our findings stress the importance of contextualising disease information and implementing interventions in a participatory way that sufficiently addresses the social determinants of health in order to bolster households' adaptive capacity to KFD and other neglected endemic zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mujeeb Rahman
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suresh D. Kalegowda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Seshadri
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India
| | - Darshan Narayanswamy
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Shivamogga, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, India
| | - Shivani K. Kiran
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Shivamogga, India
| | - Meera A. Oommen
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India
| | - Juliette C. Young
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bethan V. Purse
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
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Oliveira A, Selvaraj K, Tripathy JP, Betodkar U, Cacodcar J, Wadkar A. Kyasanur Forest Disease vaccination coverage and its perceived barriers in Goa, India-A mixed methods operational research. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226141. [PMID: 31891608 PMCID: PMC6938374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a highly infectious viral illness transmitted by infected ticks through contact with monkeys and other forest animals. Till date there is no definite treatment available for KFD. Hence, vaccination is considered to be an important public health intervention to control KFD. This study aimed at estimating the vaccination coverage for primary and booster doses of KFD vaccine and exploring the perceived barriers to vaccination in the affected villages of Goa, India during 2015–18. Methodology & principal findings In this explanatory mixed methods study, vaccine coverage was estimated bydata obtained from the KFD vaccination registers maintained at the health centers catering to the KFD affected villages. To understand the barriers to vaccination,key informant interviews were conducted among implementing health officers, medical officers and nurses involved in vaccination. Perceptions of vaccinees and community members were studied through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Out of the 35,500 targeted population (6–65 years)for KFD vaccination, 32% received one dose and 13.2% received two doses. The coverage for first booster and annual booster was 4.9% and 0.5% respectively. The drop out from first to second and third doses was 57% and 85% respectively. 69% of doses were delivered during community outreach programmes and remaining at health facilities. Inadequate vaccine stock, inappropriate timing of vaccination campaign, lack of awareness and misconceptions related to indications of vaccines, travel distance for follow up doses given at community health centre and pain due to injection were perceived as reasons for poor vaccination coverage. Conclusions KFD vaccination coverage was poor in the villages affected by KFD in Goa. Both left-out and drop-out phenomena were observed in KFD vaccination. Vaccine implementation plan has to consider suitable time for the local people, maintain adequate vaccine stock and encourage community-based vaccination campaigns instead of facility-based to achieve optimal vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Oliveira
- Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Directorate of Health Services, Panaji, Goa, India
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Utkarsh Betodkar
- State Surveillance Officer, Directorate of Health Services, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Jagadish Cacodcar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Abhijit Wadkar
- Medical Officer, Directorate of Health Services, Panaji, Goa, India
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Kiran SK, Pasi A, Kumar S, Kasabi GS, Gujjarappa P, Shrivastava A, Mehendale S, Chauhan LS, Laserson KF, Murhekar M. Kyasanur Forest disease outbreak and vaccination strategy,Shimoga District, India, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:146-9. [PMID: 25531141 PMCID: PMC4285264 DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.141227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a Kyasanur Forest disease outbreak in Karnataka, India during December 2013–April 2014. Surveillance and retrospective study indicated low vaccine coverage, low vaccine effectiveness, and spread of disease to areas beyond those selected for vaccination and to age groups not targeted for vaccination. To control disease, vaccination strategies need to be reviewed.
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Kasabi GS, Murhekar MV, Sandhya VK, Raghunandan R, Kiran SK, Channabasappa GH, Mehendale SM. Coverage and effectiveness of Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vaccine in Karnataka, South India, 2005-10. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2025. [PMID: 23359421 PMCID: PMC3554520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), a tick-borne viral disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, is localised in five districts of Karnataka state, India. Annual rounds of vaccination using formalin inactivated tissue-culture vaccine have been conducted in the region since 1990. Two doses of vaccine are administered to individuals aged 7-65 years at an interval of one month followed by periodic boosters after 6-9 months. In spite of high effectiveness of the vaccine reported in earlier studies, KFD cases among vaccinated individuals have been recently reported. We analysed KFD vaccination and case surveillance data from 2005 to 2010. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We calculated KFD incidence among vaccinated and unvaccinated populations and computed the relative risk and vaccine effectiveness. During 2005-2010, a total of 343,256 individuals were eligible for KFD vaccination (details of vaccination for 2008 were not available). Of these, 52% did not receive any vaccine while 36% had received two doses and a booster. Of the 168 laboratory-confirmed KFD cases reported during this 5-year period, 134 (80%) were unvaccinated, nine each had received one and two doses respectively while 16 had received a booster during the pre-transmission season. The relative risks of disease following one, two and booster doses of vaccine were 1.06 (95% CI = 0.54-2.1), 0.38 (95% CI = 0.19-0.74) and 0.17 (95% CI = 0.10-0.29) respectively. The effectiveness of the vaccine was 62.4% (95% CI = 26.1-80.8) among those who received two doses and 82.9% (95% CI = 71.3-89.8) for those who received two doses followed by a booster dose as compared to the unvaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Coverage of KFD vaccine in the study area was low. Observed effectiveness of the KFD vaccine was lower as compared to the earlier reports, especially after a single dose administration. Systematic efforts are needed to increase the vaccine coverage and identify the reasons for lower effectiveness of the vaccine in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudadappa S. Kasabi
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, India
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Shimoga, India
| | | | | | - Ramappa Raghunandan
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Shimoga, India
| | - Shivani K. Kiran
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Shimoga, India
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Abstract
With the development and licensure of a recombinant vaccine for the tick-borne infection Lyme disease, more attention has been paid to other vaccines that have been used or are being developed for the prevention of other tick-borne infections. This review highlights vaccine information for Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularaemia, Query (Q) fever, Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) and tick paralysis. Additionally, discussion on the use of immunisation against the tick itself is included which not only can decrease veterinary tick burdens but may also decrease the transmission of arthropod-transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bratu
- Infectious Diseases (IIIE), VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, New York 11209, USA
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Thind IS. Attenuated Langat E5 virus as a live virus vaccine against Kyasanur Forest disease virus. Indian J Med Res 1981; 73:141-9. [PMID: 6263797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Upadhyaya S, Dandawate CN, Banerjee K. Surveillance of formolized KFD virus vaccine administration in Sagar-Sorab talukas of Shimoga district. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:714-9. [PMID: 511251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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