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Deng K, Wu M. Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 protein (LRRC4) in memory, psychoneurosis, and glioblastoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:4-12. [PMID: 36780420 PMCID: PMC10106153 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 ( LRRC4 , also named netrin-G ligand 2 [NGL-2]) is a member of the NetrinGs ligands (NGLs) family. As a gene with relatively high and specific expression in brain, it is a member of the leucine-rich repeat superfamily and has been proven to be a suppressor gene for gliomas, thus being involved in gliomagenesis. LRRC4 is the core of microRNA-dependent multi-phase regulatory loops that inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma (GB) cells, including LRRC4/NGL2-activator protein 2 (AP2)-microRNA (miR) 182-LRRC4 and LRRC4-miR185-DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-LRRC4/specific protein 1 (SP1)-DNMT1-LRRC4. In this review, we demonstrated LRRC4 as a new member of the partitioning-defective protein (PAR) polarity complex that promotes axon differentiation, mediates the formation and plasticity of synapses, and assists information input to the hippocampus and storage of memory. As an important synapse regulator, aberrant expression of LRRC4 has been detected in autism, spinal injury and GBs. LRRC4 is a candidate susceptibility gene for autism and a neuro-protective factor in spinal nerve damage. In GBs, LRRC4 is a novel inhibitor of autophagy, and an inhibitor of protein-protein interactions involving in temozolomide resistance, tumor immune microenvironment, and formation of circular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Deng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Yang L, Gao C, Jiang L. Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase AtORPK1 promotes oxidative stress resistance in an AtORPK1-AtKAPP mediated module in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2022; 315:111147. [PMID: 35067310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Signal perception and transduction by the cell surface receptors are essential for cell-cell communication and plant response to abiotic stress. In this work, a previously uncharacterized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK), Oxidative-stress Related Protein Kinase 1 (AtORPK1), was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, and its biological function was investigated in protoplasts, BY-2 cells and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. AtORPK1 is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs of Arabidopsis at different developmental stages. Loss-of-function of AtORPK1 reduced, whereas overexpression of AtORPK1 increased, the oxidative stress resistance and oxidative stress responsive gene expression in orpk1 mutant and AtORPK1 transgenic Arabidopsis. Sub-cellular localization analyses revealed that AtORPK1 is localized to plasma membrane and endosomes, and the specific localization was significantly affected by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Further GFP, CFP, YFP and RFP fusion protein co-localization and FRET analyses demonstrated that AtORPK1 interacted and co-localized with AtKAPP, a common downstream phosphatase, in the enlarged endosomes such as prevacuolar compartments. Our results indicate that AtORPK1 functions as a positive molecular link between the oxidative stress signaling and antioxidant stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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Lo SF, Chatterjee J, Biswal AK, Liu IL, Chang YP, Chen PJ, Wanchana S, Elmido-Mabilangan A, Nepomuceno RA, Bandyopadhyay A, Hsing YI, Quick WP. Closer vein spacing by ectopic expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins in rice leaves. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:319-335. [PMID: 34837515 PMCID: PMC8850240 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins led to closer vein spacing and higher vein density in rice leaves. To feed the growing global population and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, there is a need to improve the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of major crops such as rice to enhance grain yield potential. Alterations in internal leaf morphology and cellular architecture are needed to underpin some of these improvements. One of the targets is to generate a "Kranz-like" anatomy in leaves that includes decreased interveinal spacing close to that in C4 plant species. As C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis independently in multiple lineages, the genes required to facilitate C4 may already be present in the rice genome. The Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) population offers the advantage of gain-of-function phenotype trapping, which accelerates the identification of rice gene function. In the present study, we screened the TRIM population to determine the extent to which genetic plasticity can alter vein density (VD) in rice. Close vein spacing mutant 1 (CVS1), identified from a VD screening of approximately 17,000 TRIM lines, conferred heritable high leaf VD. Increased vein number in CVS1 was confirmed to be associated with activated expression of two nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Overexpression of the two NB-LRR genes individually in rice recapitulates the high VD phenotype, due mainly to reduced interveinal mesophyll cell (M cell) number, length, bulliform cell size and thus interveinal distance. Our studies demonstrate that the trait of high VD in rice can be achieved by elevated expression of NB-LRR proteins limited to no yield penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Fang Lo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jolly Chatterjee
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Akshaya K Biswal
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
- Genetic Resources Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz km. 45, El Batán, Texcoco, CP 56237, México
| | - I-Lun Liu
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Jing Chen
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Samart Wanchana
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Robert A Nepomuceno
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines (BIOTECH-UPLB), Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Yue-Ie Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines.
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Zhong Y, Chen Z, Cheng ZM. Different scales of gene duplications occurring at different times have jointly shaped the NBS-LRR genes in Prunus species. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:263-276. [PMID: 35031863 PMCID: PMC8803762 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships, duplication time and selective pressure of the NBS-LRR genes, an important group of plant disease-resistance genes (R genes), were performed to uncover their genetic evolutionary patterns in the six Prunus species. A total of 1946 NBS-LRR genes were identified; specifically, 589, 361, 284, 281, 318, and 113 were identified in Prunus yedoensis, P. domestica, P. avium, P. dulcis, P. persica and P. yedoensis var. nudiflora, respectively. Two NBS-LRR gene subclasses, TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) and non-TIR-NBS-LRR (non-TNL), were also discovered. In total, 435 TNL and 1511 non-TNL genes were identified and could be classified into 30/55/75 and 103/158/191 multi-gene families, respectively, according to three different criteria. Higher Ks and Ka/Ks values were detected in TNL gene families than in non-TNL gene families. These results indicated that the TNL genes had more members involved in relatively ancient duplications and were affected by stronger selection pressure than the non-TNL genes. In general, the NBS-LRR genes were shaped by species-specific duplications, and lineage-specific duplications occurred at recent and relatively ancient periods among the six Prunus species. Therefore, different duplicated copies of NBS-LRRs can resist specific pathogens and will provide an R-gene library for resistance breeding in Prunus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zong-Ming Cheng
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wei H, Fan W, Xu C, Li T. CC R -NB-LRR proteins MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact physically to confer broad-spectrum fungal resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). Plant J 2021; 108:1522-1538. [PMID: 34610171 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apple leaf spot, a disease caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali and other fungal species, leads to severe defoliation and results in tremendous losses to the apple (Malus × domestica) industry in China. We previously identified three RPW8, nucleotide-binding, and leucine-rich repeat domain CCR -NB-LRR proteins (RNLs), named MdRNL1, MdRNL2, and MdRNL3, that contribute to Alternaria leaf spot (ALT1) resistance in apple. However, the role of NB-LRR proteins in resistance to fungal diseases in apple remains poorly understood. We therefore used MdRNL1/2/3 as baits to screen ALT1-inoculated leaves for interacting proteins and identified only MdRNL6 (another RNL) as an interactor of MdRNL2. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact through their NB-ARC domains. Transient expression assays in apple indicated that complexes containing both MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 are necessary for resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. Intriguingly, the same complexes were also required to confer resistance to Glomerella leaf spot and Marssonina leaf spot in transient expression assays. Furthermore, stable transgenic apple plants with suppressed expression of MdRNL6 showed hypersensitivity to Alternaria leaf spot, Glomerella leaf spot, and Marssonina leaf spot; these effects were similar to the effects of suppressing MdRNL2 expression in transgenic apple plantlets. The identification of these novel broad-spectrum fungal resistance genes will facilitate breeding for fungal disease resistance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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