1
|
Abstract
3-Trifluromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are lampricides used in tributaries of the Great Lakes to kill the invasive parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Although the lampricides have been applied since the late 1950s, their photochemical behavior in natural environments is still not well understood. This study examines the indirect photodegradation of these two compounds and the resulting yields of organic and inorganic photoproducts in water samples collected from five tributaries of Lake Michigan. The tributaries were selected to span the length of Lake Michigan and its natural carbonate geologic gradient. In the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the niclosamide photodegradation rate triples, while the rate of TFM photodegradation is unchanged. Additionally, the yield of lampricide organic products is influenced by DOM because many of the organic photoproducts themselves are prone to DOM-mediated indirect photodegradation. The indirect photodegradation of niclosamide is primarily mediated by reaction with singlet oxygen, which accounts for more than 50% of the increased photodegradation rate. Additionally, hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals (CO3-˙) influence niclosamide indirect photolysis, and their contribution is dependent on the specific river water chemistry. For example, CO3-˙ contribution to niclosamide photodegradation, while small, is greater in southern tributaries where there is higher carbonate alkalinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B McConville
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
McConville MB, Cohen NM, Nowicki SM, Lantz SR, Hixson JL, Ward AS, Remucal CK. A field analysis of lampricide photodegradation in Great Lakes tributaries. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2017; 19:891-900. [PMID: 28561092 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) are added to Great Lakes tributaries to target the sea lamprey, an invasive parasitic fish. This study examines the photochemical behavior of the lampricides in Carpenter Creek, Sullivan Creek, and the Manistique River. The observed loss of TFM in Carpenter and Sullivan Creeks (i.e., 34 and 19%) was similar to the loss of bromide in parallel time of passage studies (i.e., 30 and 29%), demonstrating that TFM photodegradation was minimal in both tributaries during the lampricide application. Furthermore, the absence of inorganic and organic photoproducts in the Manistique River demonstrates that TFM and niclosamide photodegradation was minimal in this large tributary, despite its long residence time (i.e., 3.3 days). Kinetic modeling was used to identify environmental variables primarily responsible for the limited photodegradation of TFM in the field compared to estimates from laboratory data. This analysis demonstrates that the lack of TFM photodegradation was attributable to the short residence times in Carpenter and Sullivan Creeks, while depth, time of year, time of day, and cloud cover influenced photochemical fate in the Manistique River. The modeling approach was extended to assess how many of the 140 United States tributaries treated with lampricides in 2015 and 2016 were amenable to TFM photolysis. While >50% removal of TFM due to photolysis could occur in 13 long and shallow tributaries, in most systems lampricides will reach the Great Lakes untransformed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B McConville
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Gong D, Peng X, Xie H, Han B. [Determination of niclosamide ethanolamine residue in rice and paddy field by high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu 2011; 29:1098-1102. [PMID: 22393698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established for the analysis of niclosamide ethanolamine residue in rice and paddy field. The paddy water and plant were extracted with alkaline ethylacetate, while the paddy soil, rice husk and unpolished rice were first extracted with alkaline ethanol, and then with ethylacetate. The extracts were then cleaned-up by a Florisil column and detected by high performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (UVD) on a Welchrom C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm). The calibration curve showed good linearity from 0.01 mg/L to 10.00 mg/L with the correlation coefficient more than 0. 999 8. The average recoveries of this method were from 93.47% to 100.9% with the relative standard deviations of 1.46% - 5.82% at the spiked levels of 0.01 - 5.00 mg/kg. This method is fast, simple, sensitive, reproducible and practical for the determination of niclosamide ethanolamine residue in paddy fields, and can meet the requirement of the determination of pesticide residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wu
- College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hubert TD, Bernardy JA, Vue C, Dawson VK, Boogaard MA, Schreier TM, Gingerich WH. Residues of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol and niclosamide in muscle tissue of rainbow trout. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:5342-6. [PMID: 15969516 DOI: 10.1021/jf050156o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to the (14)C-labeled lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) (2.1 mg/L) or niclosamide (0.055 mg/L) in an aerated static water bath for 24 h. Fish were sacrificed immediately after exposure. Subsamples of skin-on muscle tissue were analyzed for residues of the lampricides. The primary residues in muscle tissue from fish exposed to TFM were parent TFM (1.08 +/- 0.82 nmol/g) and TFM-glucuronide (0.44 +/- 0.24 nmol/g). Muscle tissue from fish exposed to niclosamide contained niclosamide (1.42 +/- 0.51 nmol/g), niclosamide-glucuronide (0.0644 +/- 0.0276 nmol/g), and a metabolite not previously reported, niclosamide sulfate ester (1.12 +/- 0.33 nmol/g).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrance D Hubert
- Biological Resources Division, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Niclosamide is the only commercially available molluscicide recommended by the WHO for large-scale use in schistosomiasis control programs. The electrochemical reduction and oxidation mechanism of niclosamide was studied using cyclic, differential and square wave voltammetry, at a glassy carbon electrode. An indirect procedure for in situ quantification of niclosamide using batch injection analysis with electrochemical detection, possible to be used for in situ determinations in river streams and effluents, was developed. It enabled a detection limit of 8 x 10(-7) M. The investigation of the niclosamide-DNA interaction using an electrochemical DNA-biosensor showed for the first time clear evidence of interaction with DNA and suggested that niclosamide toxicity can be caused by this interaction, after reductive activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F C Abreu
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dawson VK, Schreier TM, Boogaard MA, Spanjers NJ, Gingerich WH. Rapid loss of lampricide from catfish and rainbow trout following routine treatment. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:6780-6785. [PMID: 12405775 DOI: 10.1021/jf020443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and Bayluscide (niclosamide) during a sea lamprey control treatment of the Ford River, located in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Caged fish were exposed to a nominal concentration of 0.02 mg/L of niclosamide for a period of approximately 12 h. Samples of fillet tissue were collected from each fish species before treatment and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h following the arrival of the block of chemical at the exposure site. The fish were dissected, homogenized, extracted, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major residues found in the fillet tissues were TFM and niclosamide. Niclosamide concentrations were highest 12 h after arrival of the chemical block for rainbow trout (0.0395 +/- 0.0251 microg/g) and 18 h after arrival of the chemical block for channel catfish (0.0465 +/- 0.0212 microg/g). Residues decreased rapidly after the block of lampricide had passed and were below the detection limits in fillets of rainbow trout within 24 h and channel catfish within 96 h after the arrival of the lampricide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verdel K Dawson
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The effects of soil depth and moisture on pesticide photolysis were studied. Moist soil at depths of 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, and 0.5 mm were each dosed at 2.5 microg/g with (14)C-niclosamide and photolyzed under a xenon lamp at constant temperature. Samples were removed after 20, 40, 110, and 153 h of continuous irradiation. The decrease in percent of niclosamide and the appearance of degradates were followed by analyzing the soil extracts by HPLC. A corresponding set of experiments used air-dried soil. An experiment was also performed using initially moist soil which was permitted to dry during photolysis but returned to moist conditions at each sampling. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found in the rate and route of degradation of niclosamide under these conditions. These differences have resulted from a combination of reduced photochemical activity and microbial population in dry soil. The half-lives of niclosamide in the dry soils were 2 to 5 times longer than those in the moisture-maintained soil. There was also a noticeable difference in the half-lives in soil of different depths. Moisture-maintained soil showed a uniform linear increase in half-life from 95 to 195 h as soil depth increased from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm. With air-dried soil the half-lives were greatly dependent on soil depth, showing a much broader range of 199 h at 0.5-mm to 1064 h in 3.0-mm soil. An experimental design is described which maintains soil temperature and moisture to preset conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Frank
- Pittsburgh Environmental Research Laboratory, Inc., 3210 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
A very sensitive and selective procedure was developed for the determination of niclosamide based on square-wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical reduction of niclosamide at a glassy carbon electrode. Niclosamide was first irreversibly reduced from NO2 to NHOH at -0.659 V in aqueous buffer solution of pH 8.5. Reversible and well defined peaks at -0.164 V and -0.195 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were obtained that are responsible for two electron peaks between NHOH and NO. Following optimisation of the voltammetric parameters, pH and reproducibility, a linear calibration curve over the range 5 x 10(-8)-1 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3) was achieved. The detection limit was found to be 2.05 x 10(-8) mol dm(-3) niclosamide. For eight successive determinations of 5 x 10(-7) mol dm(-3) niclosamide, a relative standard deviation of 2.4% was obtained. This voltammetric method was applied to the direct determination of niclosamide in tablets. The results of the analysis suggest that the proposed method has promise for the routine determination of niclosamide in the products examined.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schreier TM, Dawson VK, Choi Y, Spanjers NJ, Boogaard MA. Determination of niclosamide residues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillet tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:2212-2215. [PMID: 10888524 DOI: 10.1021/jf990695r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bayluscide [the ethanolamine salt of niclosamide (NIC)] is a registered piscicide used in combination with 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to control sea lamprey populations in streams tributary to the Great Lakes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of NIC residues in muscle fillet tissues of fish exposed to NIC and TFM during sea lamprey control treatments. NIC was extracted from fortified channel catfish and rainbow trout fillet tissue with a series of acetone extractions and cleaned up on C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridges. NIC concentrations were determined by HPLC with detection at 360 and 335 nm for rainbow trout and catfish, respectively. Recovery of NIC from rainbow trout (n = 7) fortified at 0.04 microg/g was 77 +/- 6.5% and from channel catfish (n = 7) fortified at 0.02 microg/g was 113 +/- 11%. NIC detection limit was 0.0107 microg/g for rainbow trout and 0.0063 microg/g for catfish. Percent recovery of incurred radioactive residues by this method from catfish exposed to [(14)C]NIC was 89.3 +/- 4.1%. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for rainbow trout (n = 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 78 +/- 5.1 and 68 +/- 2.4%, respectively. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for channel catfish (n = 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 88 +/- 13 and 76 +/- 21%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Schreier
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malan CE, de Villiers MM, Lötter AP. Application of differential scanning calorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography to determine the effects of mixture composition and preparation during the evaluation of niclosamide-excipient compatibility. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:549-57. [PMID: 8953499 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(96)01869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Malan
- Institute for Industrial Pharmacy, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calumpang SM, Medina MJ, Tejada AW, Medina JR. Environmental impact of two molluscicides: niclosamide and metaldehyde in a rice paddy ecosystem. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1995; 55:494-501. [PMID: 8555672 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Calumpang
- National Crop Protection Center, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Niclosamide (5,2'-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide), formulated as the ethanolamine salt, is one of the most effective and widely used molluscicides for the control of snail vectors of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease afflicting over 200 million people in more than 70 countries. This report details the development of a sensitive, specific analytical method for the evaluation of niclosamide formulations and assessment of the impact of residues on the environment. Efficient (greater than 85%) phase-transfer, N,O-dimethylation of niclosamide and the synthesized 5-deschloro analog internal standard, followed by gas-liquid chromatographic separation and electron-capture detection, permits the determination of as little as 10 ppb analyte in fortified, stagnant water. Tetrabutylammonium chloride was the phase-transfer agent, while methyl iodide was the methylating agent of choice among four investigated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Luhning CW, Harman PD, Sills JB, Dawson VK, Allen JL. Gas-liquid chromatographics determination of Bayer 73 in fish, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1979; 62:1141-5. [PMID: 528461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining residues of Bayer 73 (2-aminoethanol salt of 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) in fish muscle, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water by analyzing for 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA), a hydrolysis product of Bayer 73. Bayer 73 residues are extracted from fish muscle tissue, invertebrates, and mud with acetone-formic acid (98+2), and partitioned from water samples with chloroform. After sample cleanup by solvent and acid-base partitioning, the concentrated extract is hydrolyzed with 2N NaOH and H2O2 for 10 min at 95 degrees C. The CNA is then partitioned into hexane-ethyl ether (7+3) and determined by electron capture GLC. Average recoveries were 88% for fish, 82% for invertebrates, 82% for mud, and 98% for water at 3 or more fortification levels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kokovkin-Shcherbak NI, Tiraspol'skaia SG. [Optimal conditions for determining prenasal by a differential photocolorimetric method]. Farmatsiia 1975; 24:44-8. [PMID: 1218600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Sturrock RF. Persistence of the molluscicide Bayluscide (clonitralide) emulsifiable concentrate on mud surfaces in the tropics. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1974; 68:427-34. [PMID: 4447397 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1974.11686969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|