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Abe K, Shibata K, Naito T, Otsuka A, Karayama M, Maekawa M, Miyake H, Suda T, Kawakami J. Impacts of cachexia progression in addition to serum IgG and blood lymphocytes on serum nivolumab in advanced cancer patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 78:77-87. [PMID: 34410448 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum nivolumab concentrations exhibit a large variation in cancer patients. Cancer cachexia inducing systemic inflammation promotes the elimination of endogenous proteins, while its association with serum nivolumab remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of cachexia progression in addition to blood components on serum nivolumab in cancer patients. METHODS Thirty-eight non-small-cell lung cancer or renal cell cancer patients receiving biweekly intravenous nivolumab were enrolled. Blood samples were collected just before dosing at the 7th administration of nivolumab or later. Serum nivolumab together with serum proteins, inflammatory markers, and peripheral blood leukocytes were determined. Cancer cachexia was classified using the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were monitored during the study period. RESULTS Cancer patients had a large variation in serum nivolumab concentrations (interquartile range, 12-21 µg/mL per mg/kg). The serum nivolumab concentration was positively correlated with serum albumin, while negatively associated with serum globulin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). A negative correlation was observed between serum nivolumab and blood lymphocytes. Regarding cachexia progression, the patients with GPS 2 had a higher serum interleukin-6 concentration and a lower serum nivolumab concentration than those with GPS 0 or 1. The GPS, serum IgG, and blood lymphocytes were identified as independent variables for serum nivolumab. The incidence of irAEs was not associated with the nivolumab dose or serum nivolumab. CONCLUSION Cachexia progression had a negative impact on serum nivolumab in cancer patients. The interindividual variation in serum nivolumab was characterized by cachexia progression in addition to blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Abe
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kaito Shibata
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Naito
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyake
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawakami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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Bi Y, Liu J, Furmanski B, Zhao H, Yu J, Osgood C, Ward A, Keegan P, Booth BP, Rahman A, Wang Y. Model-informed drug development approach supporting approval of the 4-week (Q4W) dosing schedule for nivolumab (Opdivo) across multiple indications: a regulatory perspective. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:644-651. [PMID: 30715147 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nivolumab dosage regimen of 480 mg intravenously (i.v.) every 4 weeks (Q4W) was approved by FDA for the majority of the approved indications for nivolumab. METHODS The proposed new dosage regimen was supported by pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, dose/exposure-response relationships for efficacy and safety in the indicated patient populations, and the clinical safety data with the 480 mg Q4W dosage regimen. Pharmacokinetic exposures achieved with 480 mg Q4W were predicted for 4166 patients in 21 clinical studies with various types of solid and hematological tumors. Exposure-response analyses were conducted to predict 480 mg Q4W safety and efficacy across all FDA-approved indications for nivolumab. RESULTS For the overall population, the geometric mean exposure achieved with 480 mg i.v. Q4W was 5.2% higher for steady state Cavg and 15.6% lower for Ctrough than those with 3 mg/kg i.v. Q2W, the approved dosage regimen. The simulated concentration-time course achieved with 480 mg Q4W regimen was below the median concentration achieved with 10 mg/kg i.v. Q2W that was also studied in clinical trials. The predicted probability of adverse events was similar between 480 mg Q4W and that observed with the 3 mg/kg Q2W regimen. Efficacy results were found to be similar between Q2W and Q3W dosage regimens in patients with renal cell carcinoma. The predicted efficacy for each indication suggested that the efficacy with 480 mg Q4W is unlikely to be compromised compared with that observed with 3 mg/kg Q2W. CONCLUSIONS The model-informed analyses of predicted exposure, efficacy and safety based on data from extensive clinical experience with nivolumab suggest that the benefit-risk profile of 480 mg Q4W regimen is comparable to the approved 3 mg/kg Q2W regimen, thus providing the regulatory basis for the approval of 480 mg Q4W regimen in the absence of clinical efficacy data with this new dosage regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bi
- Divisions of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - J Liu
- Divisions of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA.
| | - B Furmanski
- Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - H Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - J Yu
- Divisions of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - C Osgood
- Oncology Products II, Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, FDA, USA
| | - A Ward
- Oncology Products II, Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, FDA, USA
| | - P Keegan
- Oncology Products II, Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, FDA, USA
| | - B P Booth
- Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - A Rahman
- Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Divisions of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, FDA, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly immunogenic neoplasm, and cytokine-based immunotherapies have been used for decades with limited success. In recent years, antibody-based immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4 have demonstrated clinical efficacy in metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients, leading to FDA approval of the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in treatment-naïve patients with intermediate- or poor-risk disease in April 2018. Areas covered: The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of nivolumab and ipilimumab are reviewed. Clinical safety and efficacy results from pivotal phase I and III trials of the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in mRCC are summarized, and the combination is reviewed in the context of other available systemic therapies for RCC. Ongoing clinical studies involving the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in RCC are discussed. Expert opinion: The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab has demonstrated superior efficacy for treatment-naïve patients with intermediate- and poor-risk mRCC with clear cell histology and is likely to replace anti-angiogenic therapies as the treatment-of-choice in this patient population in the United States. Development of additional combination strategies, novel trial designs, and predictive biomarkers of response will be important to further optimize therapeutic selection and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- a Department of Medicine , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David F McDermott
- b Biologic Therapy and Cutaneous Oncology Programs , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
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Lee KW, Lee DH, Kang JH, Park JO, Kim SH, Hong YS, Kim ST, Oh DY, Bang YJ. Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Nivolumab in Korean Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Oncologist 2017; 23:155-e17. [PMID: 29158363 PMCID: PMC5813749 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned. This pharmacokinetic study of nivolumab showed that there is little ethnic difference in the handling of nivolumab. Nivolumab was well tolerated in Korean patients.
Background. This phase I study of nivolumab, an anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) monoclonal antibody, investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of nivolumab in Korean patients with advanced solid tumors. Findings were compared with results from Japan and the U.S. Materials and Methods. In this two‐part study, patients received a single dose of nivolumab (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg; ONO‐4538‐13) and were followed up for 3 weeks. Those who met the required criteria proceeded to the second part (ONO‐4538‐14), and received the same dose as in part one every 2 weeks. Results. Six patients per dose level were enrolled (n = 18). The mean elimination half‐life of nivolumab among the groups ranged from 15.0 to 19.1 days. The maximum serum concentration and area under serum concentration–time curve increased almost dose‐proportionally at doses from 1 to 10 mg/kg. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs; mostly grade ≤2) were reported in seven patients (38.9%). ADRs grade ≥3 occurred in one patient (5.6%; pneumonitis). Three patients (16.7%) developed ADRs related to thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion. The pharmacokinetic parameters of nivolumab were similar among patients from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. The safety profile was consistent with findings from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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