1
|
Medhasi S, Sriwarom A, Permpalung N, Torvorapanit P, Plongla R, Chindamporn A, Worasilchai N. Ex vivo observation of Pythium insidiosum-antigen treated neutrophils on three Pythium insidiosum strains isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2304372. [PMID: 38314761 PMCID: PMC10854268 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2304372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of Pythium insidiosum-antigen (PIA) immunotherapy activating a patient's immune system are unknown. We evaluated the interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels during P. insidiosum infection and after vaccination with PIA in vascular pythiosis cases. Furthermore, we studied the anti-P. insidiosum activity of neutrophils stimulated with various concentrations of PIA ex vivo in 3 strains of P. insidiosum isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. IL-8 serum levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique. We assessed the effect of PIA-stimulated neutrophils on the viability of zoospores using MTT assay, visualized neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation via microscopy, and measured the levels of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) using PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation assay in 3 strains of P. insidiosum isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. Serum levels of IL-8 gradually lowered from the early to the end phases of vaccination with PIA among the surviving group of vascular pythiosis cases. Neutrophils stimulated with 0.01 µg/ml PIA reduced zoospore viability significantly compared to PIA-unstimulated neutrophils for strain 1 and strain 3 (p < .05). Neutrophils stimulated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/ml PIA exhibited significantly lower zoospore viability than PIA-unstimulated neutrophils for strain 2 (p < .05). IL-8 can be used as a biomarker for monitoring vascular pythiosis cases treated with the PIA vaccine. Also, anti-P. insidiosum activity of PIA-stimulated neutrophils was probably due to the disruption of cellular activity in zoospores rather than the mechanisms based on the formation of NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadeep Medhasi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit of Medical Mycology Diagnosis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Sriwarom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitipong Permpalung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pattama Torvorapanit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rongpong Plongla
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ariya Chindamporn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navaporn Worasilchai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit of Medical Mycology Diagnosis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roy M, Borden J, Kasper DJ. Subcutaneous pythiosis in human treated successfully with antimicrobial treatment, debridement and immunotherapy. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258587. [PMID: 38499351 PMCID: PMC10953300 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is caused due to a filamentous eukaryotic micro-organism called Pythium insidiosum and the disease occurs commonly in horses and cattle. Subcutaneous pythiosis infection in humans is rare with no clear clinical guidelines for treatment. We present a case of a man in his 20s with non-resolving ulcers noted over lower extremity after exposure to swamp water draining animal remains. The patient received several courses of oral antibiotics with no improvement in symptoms before getting admitted to our institution. A diagnosis of subcutaneous pythiosis was made after deep wound culture following debridement detected P. insidiosum by use of PCR. Due to the rare incidence of such infection in humans and no clear guidelines available for treatment, the case was discussed with infectious disease specialists outside our institution and with veterinary physicians. An emergent approval for use of immunotherapy in conjunction with surgical debridement and antimicrobials was obtained from Food and Drug administration. The patient underwent successful treatment of infection and skin graft following treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moni Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Borden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas J Kasper
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leksuwankun S, Plongla R, Eamrurksiri N, Torvorapanit P, Phongkhun K, Langsiri N, Meejun T, Srisurapanont K, Thanakitcharu J, Lerttiendamrong B, Thongkam A, Manothummetha K, Chuleerarux N, Moonla C, Worasilchai N, Chindamporn A, Permpalung N, Nematollahi S. Needs assessment of a pythiosis continuing professional development program. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012004. [PMID: 38408109 PMCID: PMC10919846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythiosis is a rare disease with high mortality, with over 94% of cases reported from Thailand and India. Prompt diagnosis and surgery improves patient outcomes. Therefore, continuing professional development (CPD) is essential for early recognition. However, a needs assessment related to a pythiosis CPD program has not been performed. OBJECTIVES We conducted a needs assessment to develop a pythiosis CPD program. PATIENTS/METHODS We conducted a survey study with 267 King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital residents (141 internal medicine (IM) residents and 126 surgery residents). A 30-item survey consisting of a knowledge assessment, demographic section, and an attitudes portion was distributed both electronically and via paper. The data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent completed the survey (110/141 IM residents, 70/126 surgery residents). The mean score [95% confidence interval] on the knowledge assessment was 41.67% [39.64%-43.69%] across all objectives. The three domains with the highest scores were pythiosis risk factors (67.22% correct), microbiologic characteristics (50.83%), and radiographic interpretation (50.56%). The three domains with the lowest scores were laboratory investigation (15.00%), epidemiology (29.17%), and symptomatology (30.83%). Most participants noted that the program should be online with both synchronous and asynchronous sessions, with a preferred length of 60-90 minutes per session. CONCLUSION The pythiosis CPD program should emphasize education regarding symptomatology, laboratory investigation, and epidemiology, all of which are critical for the early detection of pythiosis to decrease mortality from this devastating disease. Most respondents felt this program was necessary and should be implemented in a virtual blended format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surachai Leksuwankun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rongpong Plongla
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathanich Eamrurksiri
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Torvorapanit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasidis Phongkhun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapong Langsiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Meejun
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Jaedvara Thanakitcharu
- Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Achitpol Thongkam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasama Manothummetha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nipat Chuleerarux
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chatphatai Moonla
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Translational Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navaporn Worasilchai
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit of Medical Mycology Diagnosis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ariya Chindamporn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitipong Permpalung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saman Nematollahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gurnani B, Kaur K. Understanding barriers, recommended solutions, and future prospects for the diagnosis and management of Pythium insidiosum keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3584-3586. [PMID: 37991287 PMCID: PMC10788758 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1041_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum keratitis (PIK) is a devastating corneal infection resulting in blindness in a large number of cases. Clinically and morphologically, it closely mimics fungal keratitis, and hence is also labeled as "parafungus." Although many clinical studies have documented evidence regarding the virulence of microorganism, and anatomical and functional outcomes, it remains a clinical challenge and diagnostic dilemma for most clinicians. Till today, PIK is being diagnosed and treated with certainty at only limited centers across the globe. But the question is why this is so? Taking this as the research question, this section on current ophthalmology aims to highlight the understanding of barriers to diagnosing and treating PIK, the suggestions to improve diagnosis and treatment, and the future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gurnani
- Cataract, Cornea, Trauma, External Disease, Ocular Surface and Refractive Services, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Cataract, Pediatrics Ophthalmology and Strabismus Services, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh NK, Barik MR, Das S, Sahu SK, Priyadarshini SR, Sharma S, Sahu SS, Behera HS. Case Series: Mixed Infectious Keratitis by Pythium insidiosum and Fungal Species. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:887-894. [PMID: 38019963 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This case series is the first to illustrate mixed infection from Pythium sp. and fungal species in corneal ulcer. PURPOSE This case series aimed to alert all toward the possibility of both Pythium sp. and fungal species infection in case of nonresponding corneal ulcer treated with either antifungals or antipythium drugs alone. Increased suspicion of mixed infection in case of nonresponding fungal/ Pythium keratitis may facilitate early and prompt management. CASE REPORTS Six patients presented with signs of either fungal or Pythium keratitis. They underwent ophthalmological examinations, smear examinations, cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed in cases where symptoms worsened after treatment with either antifungal or antipythium drugs. The half corneal button (HCB) was shared for histopathological and microbiological examinations. In the first case, smear examination from corneal scraping (CS) revealed Pythium -like filaments, which were confirmed with PCR; however, Aspergillus nidulans grew in culture. In the second case, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) staining was positive for Pythium ; however, PCR was positive for both Pythium and fungus, which was further confirmed by DNA sequencing. In the third case, IKI staining and HCB were positive for Pythium ; however, PCR was positive for fungus, which was identified as Candida saitoana with DNA sequencing. In the fourth case, Pythium grew in the CS culture; however, Candida sp. grew in the HCB culture. In the fifth case, Cladosporium sp. grew in culture from CS; however, Pythium insidiosum grew from the anterior chamber exudate after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. In the sixth case, smear examination revealed septate fungal filaments, and Cladosporium sp. grew in culture; however, HCB on histopathological examination showed features of Pythium keratitis. CONCLUSIONS In unresponsive cases of Pythium or fungal keratitis, diagnostic modalities such as IKI and PCR should be implemented as a routine practice, in addition to smears and cultures.
Collapse
|
6
|
D’cruz RP, Mohamed A, Das S. Clinical differentiation of keratitis due to fungus and Pythium: A photographic survey. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:510-514. [PMID: 36727350 PMCID: PMC10228981 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_913_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the knowledge and skills of clinicians in differentiating cases of Pythium from fungal keratitis based on their clinical appearance. Methods Thirty slit-lamp photographs from culture-proven cases of Pythium and fungal keratitis were selected for conducting a prospective online-based photographic survey. The participants were asked to identify the causative organism and enlist the specific clinical features which helped in reaching the diagnosis. Both cornea specialists and clinical fellows/trainees participated in the survey. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were estimated, and the factors associated with these, including the identification rates of clinical signs, were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The identification rates between the consultants and fellows were compared. Results A total of 42 cornea specialists (28 consultants and 14 clinical fellows) participated in the survey. Clinicians were able to differentiate Pythium from fungal etiology in only 56% of cases. The differentiating ability between the consultants and fellows was statistically insignificant. Average sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for differentiating Pythium from fungus were 56%, 65%, 56%, and 66%, respectively. The specific clinical features enlisted by the participants to differentiate Pythium from fungus were the presence of tentacles, peripheral guttering, dot-like infiltrates, and elevated plaques. Conclusion Clinical knowledge regarding the signs and symptoms and the microbiological identification of features for Pythium are still lacking among clinicians. As the treatment protocols are distinctly different for both, it is imperative to enhance the knowledge and diagnosing ability to tackle this emerging microorganism which causes high morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi P D’cruz
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Department Ophthalmic Biophysics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sujata Das
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maia LA, Olinda RG, Araújo TF, Firmino PR, Nakazato L, Neto EGM, Riet-Correa F, Dantas AFM. Cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) in Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:436-9. [PMID: 27271986 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716651467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects PCR of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) from Brazil. During a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. Skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. On cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cavitations with a few kunkers. Ulcerative nodular pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic dermatitis with folliculitis and furunculosis were observed histologically. Hyphae were observed in sections stained with Gomori methenamine silver. Immunohistochemistry with Pythium insidiosum antibodies yielded strong immunostaining of hyphae. P. insidiosum DNA was extracted from tissues in paraffin blocks by amplification of a fragment of 105 bp, which targets the 5.8S ribosomal gene. After the diagnosis of pythiosis, the larger skin lesions were excised and treated as second intention healing wounds, which were completely healed 30 days after resection. Small skin lesions regressed spontaneously in ~60 days. The granulomatous inflammation and outcome of the disease in this donkey were similar to cases of pythiosis in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanka A Maia
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Robério G Olinda
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Tenório F Araújo
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Paulo R Firmino
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Eldinê G Miranda Neto
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| | - Antônio F M Dantas
- Veterinary Hospital, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil (Maia, Olinda, Firmino Miranda Neto, Dantas)Central Laboratory of Public Health of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Araújo); Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nakazato)National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Riet-Correa)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zanette RA, Bitencourt PER, Kontoyiannis DP, Fighera RA, Flores MM, Kommers GD, Silva PS, Ludwig A, Moretto MB, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Complex interaction of deferasirox and Pythium insidiosum: iron-dependent attenuation of growth in vitro and immunotherapy-like enhancement of immune responses in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118932. [PMID: 25738758 PMCID: PMC4349436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum iron acquisition mechanisms are unknown. We previously showed that the iron chelator deferasirox had weak activity in vitro and in rabbits with experimental pythiosis. Here we show that deferasirox causes damage to P. insidiosum hyphae in vitro, but that activity is diminished in the presence of exogenous iron. The tissue activity of the proinflammatory enzyme adenosine deaminase and the histological pattern observed in pythiosis lesions of rabbits treated with deferasirox were similar to the ones in animals treated with immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Régis A. Zanette
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula E. R. Bitencourt
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rafael A. Fighera
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Flores
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Glaucia D. Kommers
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila S. Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Ludwig
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria B. Moretto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sydney H. Alves
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M. Santurio
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|