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Satanyasuwan T, See-Ngam S, Kosathong W, Yippaditr W. Application of preputial tube-flap urethroplasty to establish a neourethra in a male dog with complications after preputial urethrostomy. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:214-217. [PMID: 38050707 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A 14-year-old male poodle weighing 7.5 kg presented due to complications after preputial urethrostomy for management of preprostatic urethral rupture. Revision surgery was performed with preputial tube-flap urethroplasty via preputiotomy. A longitudinal flap was raised from the prepuce and anastomosed to the end of the previously cut urethra to create a neourethra and reduce tension at the urethrostomy site. Follow-up retrograde positive contrast urethrography performed 10 days and 6 months postoperatively showed no contrast leakage from either the neourethra tube flap or new preputial urethrostomy. A follow-up email questionnaire, based on the American Urological Association Symptom Index, was completed by the owner 6 months after surgery. The dog had excellent symptom scores, and urinated from the prepuce without difficulty in a manner resembling physiological urination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Satanyasuwan
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hua Hin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Phrachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand
| | - S See-Ngam
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hua Hin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Phrachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand
| | - W Kosathong
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hua Hin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Phrachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand
| | - W Yippaditr
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Hua Hin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Phrachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand
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Bartocetti F, Radice M, Simoi AD. Reverse Pedicle U-Shaped Palatal Flap: An Innovative Technique for Repair of Severe Caudal Palatal Defects in Two Dogs. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:58-67. [PMID: 37365864 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231177589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
An acquired palatal defect in dogs is a pathologic condition in which there is communication between the oral cavity and nasal cavities, maxillary recesses, or orbits. Many different causes exist and must be considered. Two dogs were presented for severe palatal defects secondary to a foreign body trapped between maxillary dental arches. Numerous techniques have been previously described to repair palatal defects, and the most appropriate choice is based on the clinical features of the defect and information obtained from advanced diagnostic imaging. Acquired palatal defects are not predictable in shape, size, and location; therefore, although the literature contains many different surgical techniques, these are not always reliable. The aim of this article is to describe an innovative surgical approach to repair severe acquired caudal palatal defects in two different dogs.
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Castejón-González AC, Reiter AM. Use of a barrier membrane to repair congenital hard palate defects and to close oronasal fistulae remaining after cleft palate repair: seven dogs (2019-2022). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-10. [PMID: 38103378 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of a barrier membrane in dogs for repair of congenital hard palate defects and closure of oronasal fistulae (ONF) remaining after previous cleft palate (CFP) repair. ANIMALS 7 client-owned dogs. METHODS The hard palate defect was closed with medially positioned flaps (Von Langenbeck technique) or pedicle flaps (2-flap palatoplasty) and a membrane composed of autologous auricular cartilage from the pinna or allogenous fascia lata underlying the mucoperiosteal flaps. RESULTS All palate defects were considered to have a high risk of dehiscence based on their type and size and the characteristics of the surrounding tissue. The barrier membrane was used in 5 dogs for repair of congenital hard palate defects and in 2 dogs for closure of ONF remaining after previous CFP repair. Resolution of clinical signs occurred in all cases. Complete success (ie, complete closure of the palate defect and absence of clinical signs) was achieved in 5 dogs (4 with congenital hard palate defects and 1 with an ONF remaining after previous CFP repair). The persistent ONF in 1 dog with functional success (incomplete closure, but no clinical signs) was smaller than prior to surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Barrier membranes underlying mucoperiosteal flaps may constitute an alternative technique in dogs for repair of congenital hard palate defects and closure of ONF remaining after previous CFP repair.
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Kokkinos P, Elliott J, Almansa Ruiz JC. A modified full-thickness labial/buccal rotational flap reconstruction technique following bilateral rostral maxillectomy and nasal planectomy for resection of maxillary tumors: Technique and results in two dogs. Vet Surg 2023; 52:1191-1201. [PMID: 37649180 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a naso-facial reconstruction technique following bilateral rostral maxillectomy and its functional and cosmetic outcomes. ANIMALS Two dogs. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case series. METHODS Two dogs were presented with a right rostral maxillary mass. Preoperative biopsy and staging revealed a biologically high-grade and histologically low-grade fibrosarcoma (Hi-Lo FSA). A combined nasal planectomy and radical bilateral rostral maxillectomy was performed sparing the labial/buccal mucocutaneous flaps bilaterally. Surgery resulted in asymmetry of the width of the flaps; the narrower flap was rotated medially to reconstruct the lip and create an oral vestibule. The wider flap was rotated medially to cover the remaining dorsolateral opening of the nasal conchae. The flaps overlapped in a parallel manner, discretely concealing the nasal passages, and separating them from the oral cavity. Hemorrhage occurred in both dogs, with one dog requiring a blood transfusion postoperatively. RESULTS Oral Hi-Lo FSA with tumor-free margins was confirmed in both dogs. Both dogs recovered uneventfully within 4 weeks. Owners reported being very satisfied with the functional (return to normal exercise/activities and uncompromised respiration) and cosmetic outcomes. Based on the owners' telephone follow up, no tumor recurrence was noted at 15 (Dog 1) and 6 (Dog 2) months postoperatively. CONCLUSION The full-thickness bilateral labial/buccal rotational flaps were used successfully to reconstruct the rostral maxilla, external nose and facial defects involving the nasal cavity. The technique resulted in acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes and can be considered for naso-facial reconstruction in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kokkinos
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Essex, UK
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cheshire, UK
| | - James Elliott
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Essex, UK
| | - José C Almansa Ruiz
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Essex, UK
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Gaudio E, Aertsens A, Field E, Hattersley R, Baines S. Short-term outcome and complications following cutaneous reconstruction using cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps in dogs: six cases (2008-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:704-709. [PMID: 37555359 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate short-term outcome and complications following the use of the cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flap to reconstruct cutaneous defects in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records from dogs undergoing reconstructive surgery between 2008 and 2022 by means of cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flap were reviewed. Data on signalment, reason for reconstruction, defect size, flap healing, post-operative complications and need for revision surgery were collected. RESULTS Six dogs were included in the study. Indications for reconstruction included neoplasia (4/6), skin necrosis due to vehicular trauma (1/6) and dog bite (1/6). Postoperative complications occurred in 50% of the patients and included seroma (1/6), bruising (2/6) and necrosis of the distal portion of the flap (2/6), with two dogs developing concurrent complications. One dog required open wound management and additional surgery. Overall outcome was scored excellent in three, good in two, and fair in one dog. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite the relatively high complication rate, most of the complications were deemed minor and could be managed conservatively. Eventually, all wounds healed completely and only one flap required revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gaudio
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, UK
| | - A Aertsens
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa, 50011-1134, USA
| | - E Field
- Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, 615 Wells Road, Whitchurch, Bristol, BS14 9BE, UK
| | - R Hattersley
- Dick White Referrals, London Road, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - S Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, B90 4NH, UK
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Farrell M, Singh A, Larose P, Stine S, Hawker W, Kornya M. Application of a distant, direct, single-pedicle hinge flap for reconstruction of a circumferential cutaneous defect of the thoracic limb in a dog. Can Vet J 2023; 64:620-626. [PMID: 37397698 PMCID: PMC10286138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old, neutered male, mixed-breed dog initially presented to a tertiary referral center for suspected mushroom intoxication and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis of the right thoracic limb. One day after presentation, a fasciotomy was carried out to remove necrotic tissue, leaving an extensive cutaneous defect spanning from axilla to carpus and occupying 75 to 100% of the circumference of the limb. Following establishment of a bed of granulation tissue, a distant, direct, single-pedicle flap was performed using the lateral thoracoabdominal skin. The limb was flexed at the shoulder and secured to the body wall during flap healing. Staged division of the flap was initiated 20 d after flap harvesting and completed 3 d later. Complete reconstruction of the large circumferential cutaneous defect was obtained 56 d after initial presentation. No major complications were encountered. At 387 d postoperatively, the dog had clinically normal limb function and was free of lameness. Key clinical message: This case report demonstrates the successful use of a distant, direct, single-pedicle hinge flap for reconstruction of a large thoracic limb wound spanning from axilla to carpus in a dog. This technique should be considered a viable limb-sparing, surgical option for resolution of extensive cutaneous thoracic limb wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Farrell
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Philippe Larose
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Samantha Stine
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - William Hawker
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Matthew Kornya
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Carroll M, Morello E, Olimpo M, Giacobino D, Buracco P, Ferraris E. Random mucosal rotating flaps for rostral to mid maxillary defect reconstruction: 26 dogs (2000-2019). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:149-160. [PMID: 36250216 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility and the complications following single or double random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps for the closure of rostral to mid maxillary defects in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs treated with single or double random mucosal rotating flaps after maxillectomy for oral lesions or traumatic loss of tissue, were evaluated. Clinical findings, surgery performed, outcome and postoperative complications (major and minor) were extracted. RESULTS Twenty-six client-owned dogs were retrospectively included. Dogs underwent maxillectomy for canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (9), oral squamous cell carcinomas (4), peripheral odontogenic fibromas (4), oral melanomas (3), oral fibrosarcomas (2), dentigerous cysts (2) and oral osteosarcoma (1) and trauma resulting in an oronasal fistula (1). Twenty-three dogs underwent a single transposition or interpolation flap and three dogs were treated with a double transposition flap. Postoperative complications, including dehiscence or flap necrosis, occurred in six dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps are versatile when used to close rostral maxillary defects in dogs. Postoperative complications appear to be more likely when these flaps are used to close mid maxillary defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carroll
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - E Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - M Olimpo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - D Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - P Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - E Ferraris
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
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Katarwala KR, Buote NJ. The use of a caudal auricular axial pattern flap for repair of a degloving pinna wound in a dog. Can Vet J 2022; 63:275-280. [PMID: 35237014 PMCID: PMC8842234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year-old male neutered French bulldog was presented for an anatomical degloving injury of the left pinna following a conflict with a larger dog at a park. Approximately 2/3 of the dorsal skin was removed from the convex surface of the left pinna along with an irregular, full thickness injury on the lateral aspect of the pinna distal to the cutaneous marginal pouch. A caudal auricular axial pattern flap (CAAPF) was used to reconstruct the pinna. The flap healed with no noted necrosis over the long-term. Postoperative cellulitis was noted for approximately 3 mo. The dog was medically managed for bilateral otitis externa multiple times over the course of recovery. Long-term function and cosmesis at 1.5 y after surgery revealed adequate functional movement of the pinna and acceptable cosmesis. It is concluded that, rather than a pinnectomy, a CAAPF can be offered as a surgical option in dogs that have injuries localized to the pinna. Key clinical message: A CAAPF is an alternative to pinnectomy for reconstruction of the pinna after degloving injury and yields a functional and cosmetically acceptable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna R Katarwala
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nicole J Buote
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Ozai Y, Uemura A, Tanaka R, Goya S. Autologous tunica vaginalis communis flap for repairing an abdominal wall hernia in a dog. Can Vet J 2021; 62:393-396. [PMID: 33867553 PMCID: PMC7953929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old, intact male miniature dachshund dog, weighing 8.6 kg, was presented with a soft swelling in the caudal abdominal region, including both sides of the groin area. Laparotomy revealed a severe caudal abdominal wall hernia with atrophy of the rectus abdominal muscle. The defect was repaired using a tunica vaginalis communis flap following a standard open prescrotal castration. There were no complications or recurrence of the hernia at 11 months after surgery. This surgical technique involves autogenous reconstruction, is easy to perform, and requires minimal dissection. The tunica vaginalis communis flap has potential clinical applications for repairing caudal abdominal wall hernias in male dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ozai
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Animal Medical Center, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan (Ozai, Tanaka); Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inadacho Nishi, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (Uemura); Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan (Goya)
| | - Akiko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Animal Medical Center, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan (Ozai, Tanaka); Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inadacho Nishi, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (Uemura); Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan (Goya)
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Animal Medical Center, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan (Ozai, Tanaka); Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inadacho Nishi, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (Uemura); Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan (Goya)
| | - Seijirow Goya
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Animal Medical Center, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan (Ozai, Tanaka); Department of Veterinary Surgery, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inadacho Nishi, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan (Uemura); Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan (Goya)
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Lores M, Yarbrough T. Repair of an oronasal fistula with a two-layer closure method involving an autogenous fascia lata graft and oral mucosal flap in a pony. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:463-468. [PMID: 31999513 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old pony gelding was evaluated because it was suspected that a persistent oronasal fistula had developed after a fractured right maxillary second premolar tooth had been extracted via repulsion 6 months earlier. CLINICAL FINDINGS Unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and malodorous breath were noted on clinical examination. Examination of the oral cavity revealed a 1 × 0.5-cm defect at the oral aspect of the right maxillary second premolar alveolus, from which feed material was extracted. Endoscopic examination revealed feed material in the rostral aspect of the right nasal cavity, confirming the diagnosis of oronasal fistula. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The pony initially underwent a reconstructive surgical procedure that combined an alveolar bone flap with a sliding mucoperiosteal hard palate flap to repair the oronasal fistula. The fistula reoccurred 5 months later and was ultimately repaired by means of a novel 2-layer flap closure method involving an autogenous fascia lata graft and oral mucosa flap. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fascia lata was effective as a scaffolding graft for repair of the oronasal fistula in this pony and may be useful for repair of oronasal fistulas in other equids as well.
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Mejia S, Boston SE, Skinner OT. Sartorius muscle flap for body wall reconstruction: Surgical technique description and retrospective case series. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1187-1194. [PMID: 30410175 PMCID: PMC6190146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the sartorius muscle flap for body wall reconstruction, including description of the anatomy and surgical technique and to report its clinical application for abdominal wall reconstruction in dogs and cats. The descriptive report involves a retrospective case series for 2 dogs and 3 cats. Inclusion criteria were cats or dogs that had a tumor resection resulting in an abdominal wall defect that was reconstructed using an ipsilateral or contralateral sartorius muscle flap. Signalment, pre-operative clinical signs, location and tumor extent, diagnostic imaging and clinical pathology findings, surgical methods, and complications were recorded. Abdominal wall defect reconstructions using the sartorius muscle flap were successfully performed in all 5 patients with good return to function. All complications were minor and were successfully medically managed. This case series demonstrates that the sartorius muscle flap is a feasible option for the closure of large caudal abdominal wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mejia
- Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678, USA (Mejia); VCA Canada 404 Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, Surgical Oncology, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 0B3 (Boston); University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Surgical Oncology, Columbia, Missouri (Skinner)
| | - Sarah E Boston
- Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678, USA (Mejia); VCA Canada 404 Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, Surgical Oncology, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 0B3 (Boston); University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Surgical Oncology, Columbia, Missouri (Skinner)
| | - Owen T Skinner
- Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678, USA (Mejia); VCA Canada 404 Veterinary Emergency & Referral Hospital, Surgical Oncology, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 0B3 (Boston); University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Surgical Oncology, Columbia, Missouri (Skinner)
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Rodgers CD, Meyer AM, Rosenberg NC, Lukowski ZL, Schaefer JL, Martorana GM, Levine MA, Meyers CA, Sherwood MB. The impact of conjunctival flap method and drainage cannula diameter on bleb survival in the rabbit model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196968. [PMID: 29795580 PMCID: PMC5967705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of cannula diameter and conjunctival flap method on bleb survival in rabbits undergoing cannula-based glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). METHODS Twelve New Zealand White rabbits underwent GFS in both eyes. The twenty-four eyes were divided into four groups. Two of the four groups (N = 12) received limbus-based conjunctival flaps (LBCF), and the other two (N = 12) received fornix-based conjunctival flaps (FBCF). Six FBCF rabbit eyes were implanted with 22-gauge drainage tubes, and the other six were implanted with 26-gauge tubes. Likewise, six LBCF rabbits received 22-gauge drainage tubes and six received 26-gauge tubes. Filtration blebs were evaluated every three days by a masked observer. Bleb failure was defined as the primary endpoint in this study and was recorded after two consecutive flat bleb evaluations. RESULTS Group 1 (LBCF, 22- gauge cannula) had a mean bleb survival time (Mean ± SD) of 18.7 ± 2.9 days. Group 2 (LBCF, 26-gauge cannula) also had a mean bleb survival time of 18.7 ± 2.9 days. Group 3 (FBCF, 22-gauge cannula) had a mean bleb survival time of 19.2 ± 3.8 days. Group 4 (FBCF, 26-gauge cannula) had a mean bleb survival time of 19.7 ± 4.1 days. A 2-way analysis of variance showed that neither surgical approach nor cannula gauge made a statistically significant difference in bleb survival time (P = 0.634 and P = 0.874). Additionally, there was no significant interaction between cannula gauge and conjunctival flap approach (P = 0.874), suggesting that there was not a combination of drainage gauge and conjunctival flap method that produced superior bleb survival. CONCLUSION Limbus and fornix-based conjunctival flaps are equally effective in promoting bleb survival using both 22 and 26-gauge cannulas in the rabbit model. The 26-gauge drainage tube may be preferred because its smaller size facilitates the implantation process, reducing the risk of corneal contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper D. Rodgers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alissa M. Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Rosenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zachary L. Lukowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Schaefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gina M. Martorana
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Monica A. Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Craig A. Meyers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Sherwood
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zingel MM, Sakals SA. Use of skin stretching techniques before bilateral caudal superficial epigastric axial flaps in a dog with severe burns. Can Vet J 2017; 58:835-838. [PMID: 28761189 PMCID: PMC5508935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This report describes how 2 days of skin stretching facilitated a tension-free closure of single event bilateral caudal superficial epigastric flaps in a dog with severe hindquarter burns. Full healing at all surgical sites with only minor dehiscence and without further treatment or abnormalities of gait or coat regrowth was achieved.
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Gordo I, Mestrinho LA, Minderico MM, Leal NM, Hamaide AJ. Use of a Boari flap and renal descensus as treatment for proximal ureteral rupture in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:406-10. [PMID: 27479285 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.4.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of abdominal pain and anuria of 12 hours' duration after vehicular trauma. CLINICAL FINDINGS Lethargy, mydriasis, bradycardia, abdominal distension, and signs of pain on abdominal palpation were observed. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed moderate urinary bladder distension without evidence of free abdominal fluid; hematologic evaluation revealed leukocytosis with high BUN and serum creatinine concentrations. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The patient was hospitalized, medical stabilization was attempted, and an indwelling urinary catheter was placed. Urinary output was < 1 mL/kg/h (< 0.45 mL/lb/h), and signs of abdominal pain persisted despite treatment. The next day, ultrasonographic examination revealed fluid in the retroperitoneal space, and ureteral rupture was suspected. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed retroperitoneal fluid accumulation; a large hematoma surrounded the right kidney and perirenal structures. An abdominal drain was placed to aid patient stabilization. Three days later, IV pyelography revealed rupture of the proximal part of the right ureter. Ureteroneocystostomy was performed with elongated cystoplasty through a Boari flap and caudal transposition of the right kidney (renal descensus). On follow-up examination 18 months after treatment, the cat was free of clinical signs, and results of ultrasonography, CBC, and serum biochemical analysis were unremarkable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that a Boari flap procedure with renal descensus could be a feasible alternative in the management of proximal ureteral rupture in cats, but research is needed in this area.
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Van Hecke LL, Haspeslagh M, Hermans K, Martens AM. Comparison of antibacterial effects among three foams used with negative pressure wound therapy in an ex vivo equine perfused wound model. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:1325-1331. [PMID: 27901391 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.12.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare antibacterial effects among 3 types of foam used with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in an ex vivo equine perfused wound model. SAMPLES Abdominal musculocutaneous flaps from 6 equine cadavers. PROCEDURES Each musculocutaneous flap was continuously perfused with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Four 5-cm circular wounds were created in each flap and contaminated with 106 CFUs of both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). After a 1-hour incubation period, 1 of 4 treatments (NPWT with silver-impregnated polyurethane foam [NPWT-AgPU], polyurethane foam [NPWT-PU], or polyvinyl alcohol foam [NPWT-PVA] or a nonadherent dressing containing polyhexamethylene biguanide without NPWT [control]) was randomly applied to each wound. An 8-mm punch biopsy specimen was obtained from each wound immediately before and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after treatment application to determine the bacterial load for both P aeruginosa and MRSA. RESULTS The bacterial load of P aeruginosa for the NPWT-PVA treatment was significantly lower than that for the other 3 treatments at each sampling time after application, whereas the bacterial load for the NPWT-AgPU treatment was significantly lower than that for the NPWT-PU and control treatments at 12 hours after application. The bacterial load of MRSA for the NPWT-PVA treatment was significantly lower than that for the other 3 treatments at each sampling time after application. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that wounds treated with NPWT-PVA had the greatest decrease in bacterial load; however, the effect of that treatment on wound healing needs to be assessed in vivo.
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de Souza HJM, Amorim FV, Corgozinho KB, Tavares RR. Management of the traumatic oronasal fistula in the cat with a conical silastic prosthetic device. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 7:129-33. [PMID: 15771950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Management of a traumatic oronasal fistula with a prosthetic device in an 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat is described. The animal had fallen from a height of three stories at the age of 1 year. The fall had resulted in a fracture of the hard palate and a split in the palatal mucosa. Two surgical attempts to close the defect had been unsuccessful and an autopolymerizable acrylic resin prosthesis had produced unsatisfactory results. The management of the chronic traumatic fistula with a conical prosthetic device was fast, easy and efficient. The device was removed and a second one was put in place after 2 years. This method would appear particularly useful for obturation of large palatal defects that have failed to heal after attempts at surgical closure and is an alternative treatment for debilitated cats which may not be candidates for longer surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Justen M de Souza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 23890-000, Brazil
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17
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Massie A, McFadden M. Vascularized pedicle jejunal graft for closure of large duodenal defect in a dog. Can Vet J 2016; 57:1180-1184. [PMID: 27807383 PMCID: PMC5081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Labrador retriever dog was presented for intestinal obstruction resulting in devitalization of portions of the duodenum. A severe perforation, accounting for 70% duodenal circumference, was present at the level of the duodenal papilla. A vascularized jejunal graft was used to close the perforation, representing novel utilization of this grafting technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Blazejewski
- Matthew J Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
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Abstract
A Greyhound presented with eosinophilic granuloma lesions of the soft palate and oronasal fistula. Since other siblings had been known to also have oral eosinophilic granuloma, it was suspected that the dog reported here had a familial predisposition to develop the disease. Preoperative medical management consisting of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy was required before surgical repair of the oronasal fistula. Multiple surgical techniques, including a greater palatine island axial pattern flap, were used to repair the oronasal fistula.
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20
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Mullins RA, Guerin SR, Pratschke KM. Use of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps for one-stage repair of a bilateral hypoplastic soft palate in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:91-5. [PMID: 26684096 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-week-old 8.5-kg (18.7-lb) sexually intact female Springer Spaniel was evaluated because of chronic rhinitis with bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. The dog had a history since birth of sneezing and oronasal reflux of food and liquid. CLINICAL FINDINGS Oral examination under anesthesia revealed a short, incompletely formed soft palate with bilateral clefts. A pseudouvula was not a prominent feature of the condition in this dog. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The dog underwent 1-stage reconstruction of the soft palate by means of a split-thickness soft palate hinged flap and bilateral buccal mucosal rotation flaps. Long-term follow-up obtained 3 years after surgery revealed the dog to be in good general health, with resolution of oronasal reflux; however, occasional episodes of mild sneezing and nasal discharge persisted. Oral examination under sedation revealed attenuation of the bilateral clefts; however, a normal soft palate length was not achieved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with previously described techniques, this technique offered the possibility of 1-stage reconstruction of the soft palate in dogs, rather than having 2 staged procedures performed, and a robust tissue combination that was expected to be less prone to trauma. This technique may be particularly suitable for affected dogs where a pseudouvula is not a prominent feature and appears to be applicable to a variety of skull morphologies. Owners should be made aware that the absence of normal palatine muscle within the reconstructed palate may affect function, but even where normal function is not regained, a good quality of life with minimal clinical signs may be achieved.
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Benlloch-Gonzalez M, Lafarge S, Bouvy B, Poncet C. Nasal-skin-fold transposition flap for upper lip reconstruction in a French bulldog. Can Vet J 2013; 54:983-986. [PMID: 24155421 PMCID: PMC3781433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Upper-lip reconstruction after mast-cell tumor-resection in a French bulldog was achieved by using a transposition flap from the nasal-skin-fold and an oral mucosal flap. The new technique is an alternative for reconstruction of extensive upper-lip defects in brachycephalic dogs and achieves satisfactory functional and cosmetic results.
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Archipow W, Lanz OI. Rectus abdominis muscle flap for repair of prepubic tendon rupture in 8 dogs. Can Vet J 2011; 52:1215-1218. [PMID: 22547842 PMCID: PMC3196015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use and outcome of the rectus abdominis muscle flap to repair prepubic hernias were evaluated retrospectively. Medical records (2002-2007) of 8 dogs that had a rectus abdominis muscle flap to repair traumatic prepubic tendon rupture were reviewed. Only minor donor site complications were noted, including self-limiting ventral and hind-limb swelling. No long-term complications including recurrence of hernia were noted. The results of this study indicate that the rectus abdominis muscle flap is a clinically useful option for repairing prepubic tendon rupture in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Archipow
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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Arlt S, Reinecke A, Drillich M, Fischer-Tenhagen C, Heuwieser W. [Inappropriate lactation syndrome in goats--case collection and experiences with mastectomy]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:27-32. [PMID: 22138742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hobby keeping of goats and sheep confronts veterinarians with new challenges that rarely have to be faced in livestock husbandry. During the last five years five goats were presented to the Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, with inappropriate lactation syndrome. Four of these animals had been previously treated with cabergoline without enduring success. According to the request of the owners (informed consent) and the clinical severity of the cases, a mastectomy was performed in all five animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia using ketamine and xylazine, and with the patients in a recumbent position. RESULTS Mastectomy in small ruminants requires knowledge of the anatomy of the udder and the possible positions of the supplying blood vessels. Our patients displayed a variety of dispositions of the Vena epigastrica caudalis superficialis. Special attention should be paid to a careful and blunt dissection of the mammary gland, and immediate control of haemorrhage, to maintain a clear view on the anatomic structures. Furthermore, dissection of the glandular tissue should be strictly avoided to prevent milk contamination of the surgical area. A sufficient skin flap has to be left to cover the surgical area after removal of the udder. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Even though udder amputation appears to be a radical and high-risk procedure, all five goats survived the surgery. The wound healing occurred in a reasonable time without any severe complications. In goats that are kept as "hobby animals" and in which an inappropriate lactation syndrome cannot be treated conservatively, mastectomy is a reasonable and promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arlt
- Tierklinik für Fortpflanzung, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin.
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Dicks N, Boston S. The use of an angularis oris axial pattern flap in a dog after resection of a multilobular osteochondroma of the hard palate. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1274-1278. [PMID: 21286330 PMCID: PMC2957038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old neutered male boxer was presented for treatment of a multilobular osteochondroma of the hard palate. The mass was surgically resected and the hard palate defect was reconstructed using an angularis oris axial pattern buccal mucosal flap. No local recurrence was reported 6 mo after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Dicks
- Pierrefonds Animal Hospital, Quebec H9H 1H1, Canada.
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26
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Debridement of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) cartilage lesions results in fibrocartilage and imperfect hyaline repair tissue, and forms a permanent irregularity to the subchondral bone plate. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical, radiographic and outcome effects of OCD cartilage flap reattachment for select lesions as an alternative to OCD debridement. HYPOTHESIS Separated cartilage flaps resulting from OCD lesions may be re-incorporated into the hyaline cartilage surface by reattachment rather than debridement and removal. METHODS Resorbable polydioxanone pins were used to reattach OCD flap lesions in 16 joints of 12 horses. Criteria for attachment, rather than removal, included an unmineralised cartilage flap on preoperative radiographs and a relatively smooth surface with some residual perimeter attachment at surgery. RESULTS There were 12 subjects, 6 males and 6 females, 7 Thoroughbred or Standardbred weanlings, 3 Warmbloods, 1 Arabian and 1 Quarter Horse, mean age at surgery 6.8 months. All horses had effusion of the affected femoropatellar joint (n = 9), tarsocrural joint (n = 1) or fetlock (n = 2). Radiographic lesions varied in length between 1.8-6.3 cm; reattachment was used in 16 of 18 affected joints and the OCD cartilage was not satisfactory for salvage in 2 stifles. Number of pins required was 2-10. One horse was subjected to euthanasia due to a tendon laceration 8 weeks after surgery; of the remaining 11 horses, mean duration of follow-up was 3.9 years (range 4 months-8 years). Nine of these were sound and had entered work, while 2 were sound but remained unbroken 4 and 6 months post operatively, respectively. Radiographic resolution of the OCD lesion occurred in 14 of 16 pinned joints in the 9 horses with long-term follow-up. The 2 remaining joints had a 3 and a 5 mm mineralised flap in the original defect sites. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated cartilage flap reattachment was an alternative to removal in selected OCD lesions. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Relatively smooth OCD cartilage flaps may be salvaged by reattachment and can result in normal radiographic subchondral contour and a high likelihood of athletic performance. Further case numbers are required to determine which lesions are too irregular or contain too much mineral for effective incorporation after reattachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nixon
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA
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Abstract
A double-layer sheet of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was used to reconstruct a large chronic diaphragmatic defect in a 4-month-old kitten. The SIS graft was easy to use, postoperative recovery was uneventful, no side effects of the SIS implant were observed, and the SIS graft resulted in restoration of normal clinical function while allowing growth of the kitten without restriction of chest wall development. Herniation of fat through the caval hiatus was diagnosed 29 months postoperatively on a CT scan. The cat was free of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo A Andreoni
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8053 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Silva LCLC, Zoppa ALV, Fernandes WR, Baccarin RYA, Machado TSL. Bilateral sinus cysts in a filly treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. Can Vet J 2009; 50:417-420. [PMID: 19436452 PMCID: PMC2657528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral cysts in the frontal and caudal maxillary sinuses in a filly treated by endoscopic sinus surgery (sinoscopy) and triangulation technique are described. Sinoscopy has the advantage of being a minimally invasive technique and permits a complete inspection of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, which is not possible through flap sinusotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C L C Silva
- Departamento de Cirurgia & Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-000, São Paulo/SP,Brasil.
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Abstract
Occasionally, the bovine practitioner is presented situations requiring application of techniques regarding wound repair and healing. Less commonly encountered in bovine practice than equine practice for example, principles and management of traumatic wound healing should be regarded as similar. Frequently, bovine practitioners need to apply knowledge of healing principles when wounds are surgically induced during horn and mass removal. Consideration of surgical approach, tension-relieving techniques, and dermal transposition flaps (see the ocular surgery article by Schulz in this issue) can be applied effectively in bovine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Miesner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Dennison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Gradner G, Weissenböck H, Kneissl S, Benetka V, Dupré G. Use of latissimus dorsi and abdominal external oblique muscle for reconstruction of a thoracic wall defect in a cat with feline osteochondromatosis. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10:88-94. [PMID: 17913532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old, male castrated European shorthair cat was presented with a firm mass palpable on the right caudal rib cage. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax revealed a 4×3×2 cm large, expansile and radiodense mass originating from the distal part of the 13th rib. After removal of the tumour, which was histopathologically confirmed as feline osteochondromatosis, the diaphragm, omentum, external abdominal oblique and latissimus dorsi muscles were used to reconstruct the defect. Feline osteochondromatosis is induced by retroviruses, eg, feline leukaemia virus, for which the cat tested positive. The tumour was removed for palliative reasons, because such tumours have the tendency to transform into osteosarcomas. Six months after the surgical excision the cat showed no clinical signs of reoccurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gradner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Ophthalmology, Department of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Galanty M, Jurka P, Zielińska P. Surgical treatment of hypospadias. Techniques and results in six dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 2008; 11:235-243. [PMID: 18942547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Various types of hypospadias and methods of surgical treatment of this anomaly in 6 dogs was described in this article. Methods of surgical treatment were set up individually for each case and depended on the type of hypospadias and coexisting anomalies. Shortening of the penis was performed in two dogs, amputation in three cases and an urethral reconstruction in one patient. Castration was performed in three cases. Persistent frenulum of the prepuce was found in two dogs. Additionally three patients were submitted to the plastic surgery of the prepuce anomalies. In one dog, the loose and free falling part of the prepuce was suspended and attached to the abdominal integument according to the original own method. In all dogs, uncomplicated wound healing was observed. Surgical procedures resulted in improved cosmesis with reducing clinical signs of hypospadias and other coexistent anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galanty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Chronic facial defects extending into the sinuses of two mares were repaired using periosteal flaps. Partial osseous bridging was established over the defects following repair. Previous attempts to close the defects with skin alone had failed. A periosteal flap is a simple surgical technique that provides the foundations for successful repair, despite the chronicity of some fistulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Charman
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Goulburn Valley Highway, Congupna, VIC 3633, Australia.
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Demetriou JL, Shales CJ, Hamilton MH, Sissener TR. Reconstruction of a Nonhealing Lick Granuloma in a Dog Using a Phalangeal Fillet Technique. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:288-91. [PMID: 17823479 DOI: 10.5326/0430288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 6.5-year-old, castrated male Dalmatian was presented with a 3-month history of a chronic, nonhealing wound related to a previously excised lick granuloma. Reconstruction of the wound on the lateral metatarsal region was achieved using a phalangeal fillet technique, without digital pad transposition. The skin flap healed successfully with very good cosmetic and functional results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L Demetriou
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Halfacree ZJ, Baines SJ, Lipscomb VJ, Grierson J, Summers BA, Brockman DJ. Use of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the thoracic wall after en bloc resection of primary rib chondrosarcoma in five dogs. Vet Surg 2007; 36:587-92. [PMID: 17686133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2007.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a thoracic wall reconstructive technique using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap after en bloc resection of primary rib chondrosarcoma and report outcome in 5 dogs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS Dogs (n=5) with primary rib chondrosarcoma. METHODS Medical records (2003-2005) were reviewed for signalment, staging investigations, surgical findings, complications, and outcomes. Owners and veterinary surgeons were contacted for outcome information. RESULTS A latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap provided an air-tight thoracic wall closure after chondrosarcoma resection. Paradoxical respiratory movement of the flap occurred; however, from physical examination and blood gas analysis (2 dogs), ventilation was adequate. All flaps survived, 1 had superficial skin necrosis distally and 2 had minor wound dehiscence. One dog without tumor-free margins died of tumor-related disease 56 days after surgery. Tumor recurrence did not occur in 4 dogs with tumor-free margins. One dog was euthanatized 10 months after surgery for unrelated disease; 3 dogs were alive at writing (median follow-up: 20 months; range, 18-27 months) and all had a satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS Reconstruction of ventral thoracic wall defects using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap yields a functional, cosmetic outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can be used as a successful 1-stage reconstructive technique for ventral thoracic wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe J Halfacree
- Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a laparoscopic peritoneal flap hernioplasty (PFH) to close anatomically the vaginal ring and to evaluate its protective effect in horses with a history of strangulated inguinal hernia (SIH) against future herniation. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS A first group of 5 ponies, 3 horses and 1 donkey with no history of SIH and a second group of 4 horses 'clinical cases' with a history of SIH. METHODS A laparoscopic PFH was effected on all horses under general anaesthesia. Peritoneum ventro-lateral to the vaginal ring was elevated and cut on 3 sides, separated from the underlying muscle, then inverted and attached dorso-medially and laterally to the parietal wall using intra-corporeal stitches (6 cases) or laparoscopic staples (7 cases). Animals of the first group (n=9) underwent a standing laparoscopy 7 days post-operatively to visualize the vaginal rings. Horses of the second group were followed to confirm the absence of re-herniation. RESULTS The laparoscopic check-up showed that the vaginal ring had been effectively and completely covered in all cases except the first one. No adhesions was observed. In the four clinical cases, none of the horses have had a reccurence of SIH at the time of writing (6 months to 4 years). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic hernioplasty on a recumbent horse is feasible by closing the vaginal ring with a peritoneal flap. This technique was efficient in our cases to prevent recurrence of SIH but more cases are needed. This technique may reduce inflammation and irritation of the spermatic cord, which could otherwise jeopardise the animal's breeding career. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopic PFH coud be used in horses with a history of SIH.
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Abstract
Eyelid neoplasms are common in the older dog and typically benign. Eyelid neoplasms in the cat are less common and more often malignant. Resection of eyelid masses may be curative; however, restoration of the eyelid structure after mass excision is essential for maintaining long-term ocular surface health. Surgical techniques and instrumentation for eyelid surgery are reviewed. Indications, benefits. and limitations of sharp excision, cryotherapy, and laser excision and ablation are discussed. Neoplasia of the third eyelid is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susette M Aquino
- Animal Medical Center, 510 E. 62nd St., New York, NY 10022, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Reconstruction of facial defects can be very challenging, even in the hands of an experienced surgeon. Most defects can be repaired using local available tissues. Lip defects can be reconstructed using geometric closure techniques and advancement of local tissues. Forehead defects can be reconstructed using skin grafts, caudal auricular flaps, or rotational or transposition flaps. Care must be taken to minimize tension on eyelids and maintain the integrity of the facial nerve. Cheek defects can be reconstructed using local advancement, superficial temporal, omocervical, and caudal auricular flaps. The bridge of the nose can be very difficult to reconstruct due to a paucity of local tissues; however, skin grafts, indirect pedicle flaps, and superficial temporal flaps can be considered. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvin Degner
- Michigan Veterinary Specialists, 3412 East Walton Boulevard, Auburn Hills, MI 48326, USA.
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38
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Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of a history of hematuria and stranguria secondary to recurrent urinary tract infections. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed hypospadias with penile and preputial aplasia. The urethral orifice was just ventral to the ventral aspect of the anocutaneous junction. Ascending urinary tract infections, secondary to fecal contamination of the urethral orifice, were the presumed source of recurrent bouts of cystitis that developed despite periodic antimicrobial treatment. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A 1-cm-diameter urethral extension was constructed from the urethral mucosal remnant located along the midline of the perineum (urethral trough). Two parallel 4-cm incisions (3 cm apart) were made lateral to that urethral trough. The borders were sutured to form an inverted, epithelium-lined tube (bipedicled flap) attached to the dorsal urethral orifice. The lateral skin margins were sutured over the reconstructed urethral extension, completing the procedure. Postoperative swelling necessitated temporary catheterization of the urinary bladder. After closure of a small fistula from the reconstructed urethral segment, the dog subsequently had only 2 episodes of cystitis during a 3-year period. To minimize skin irritation secondary to urine exposure, the dog's owner regularly trimmed the hair around the new urethral orifice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs, correction of perineal (subanal) hypospadias via urethral reconstruction should be considered among treatment options. By use of an inverse tubed urethral extension, direct fecal contamination to the lower urinary tract may be effectively eliminated, dramatically reducing the incidence of ascending urinary tract infections in dogs with hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Pavletic
- Department of Surgery, Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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39
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Abstract
A 6-wk-old tiger (Panthera tigris) was evaluated for severe skin lacerations from an adult tiger attack. A caudal superficial epigastric skin flap was surgically placed to cover a defect that could not be closed over the hind limb; however, the skin flap did not adhere well to the granulation tissue over a period of 1 mo. The granulation bed matured and deteriorated. A subatmospheric pressure technique (vacuum-assisted closure, V.A.C. Therapy, Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, Texas 78219, USA) was utilized, and flap adherence occurred after 4 wk. This technique should be considered when dealing with severe or chronic wounds in tractable animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Lafortune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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40
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Abstract
There are numerous conditions that may result in defects of the hard and soft palate. Reconstruction of these defects may be difficult due to anatomical limitations and limited tissue availability. The majority of palate defects, even when large, may be closed using local and/or axial pattern flaps, while other more advanced techniques such as free tissue transfer and prosthetic implants are required in a smaller number of cases. This article describes the use of local and axial pattern flaps in the reconstruction of the hard and soft palate.
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the vascular supply to a facial skin flap based at the commissure of the lip in the dog and report on its use in four dogs. STUDY DESIGN Experimental and prospective clinical study. Animals Five canine cadavers and four client-owned dogs. METHODS In the cadavers, the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, the ventral margin of the caudal mandible and the wing of the atlas were marked as anatomical boundaries of a skin flap that was elevated from the subcutaneous tissues to the level of the medial canthus of the eye. Methylene blue dye and barium sulphate solution were independently infused through a common carotid (three dogs) or facial artery (two dogs) catheter. Distribution of dye throughout the harvested skin was assessed subjectively. After contrast infusion the flap was excised and radiographed. The technique was used to reconstruct large facial or nasal defects in four dogs after tumour or skin lesion excision. RESULTS Cadaver dissections and contrast studies clearly demonstrated three direct cutaneous arteries, the superior and inferior labial arteries and the angularis oris artery, arborising within the base of the flap. A separate direct cutaneous branch of the angularis oris artery was identified. An arterial plexus was identified within the distal flap, within which this artery communicates with the transverse facial artery and a cutaneous branch of the masseteric artery. Dye infusion caused discolouration of the elevated skin and vasculature within the flap. The flap survived in all clinical cases with marginal distal necrosis in one dog. CONCLUSIONS The complex facial flap described is perfused by three direct cutaneous arteries and functions reliably in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yates
- The University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee VIC 3030, Australia.
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42
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical use and outcome of a rectus abdominis microvascular free flap for wound closure in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Dogs (n=9) with complex extremity or oral wounds. METHODS Medical records (2002-2006) of dogs that had a rectus abdominis free tissue transfer to close an extremity or oral wound were reviewed. RESULTS Nine dogs were identified: 5 had distal extremity wounds, 3 had oral palatal defects, and 1 had a large hygroma excised. A rectus abdominis free tissue transfer with a caudal epigastric vascular pedicle was successfully used for management of these wounds. No major complications occurred with the donor site and a good cosmetic and functional outcome occurred in all dogs. CONCLUSION The rectus abdominis is a versatile muscle that can be used for reconstructing cutaneous and oral defects with repeatable success. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis muscle is a clinically useful technique for closure of a variety of difficult soft tissue wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Miller
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Beckman
- Florida Veterinary Dentistry & Oral Surgery, Punta Gordo 33955, USA.
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44
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Paulo NM, Miranda W, Atayde IB, Siqueira Junior JTD, Azevedo EMR, Lima FGD, Franco LG, Faria CMC. Reconstruction of thoracic esophagus with pediculated diaphragmatic flap in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 2007; 22:8-11. [PMID: 17293943 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502007000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify whether pediculated diaphragmatic flaps were suitable to correct iatrogenic wounds in dog's esophagus injuries. METHODS Seven dogs were submitted to resection of a segment of the esophageal wall, which was then corrected by suturing a pediculated diaphragm flap. Endoscopic evaluation of the esophageal wall was done forty days after the surgical procedure. RESULTS Three animals died, one due to implant ischemia, caused by strangulation of the phrenic artery; other due to wound infection; and the last, due to mediastinitis. Scar retraction was observed, however, there was no stenosis, allowing the passage of a 9,8 mm probe with no difficulty. The limits between the implants and the native esophagus were indistinguishable, and the implant was covered by esophageal mucosa. CONCLUSION The diaphragmatic flaps are suitable on the restoring of continuity in dog's thoracic esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neusa Margarida Paulo
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Goiás, 74001-910 Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Brazil.
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45
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe surgical transposition of the levator labii superioris muscle to treat oromaxillary sinus fistula in horses. STUDY DESIGN Clinical study. ANIMALS Three horses with chronic oromaxillary sinus fistula. METHODS After severing its tendinous insertion, the muscle belly of the levator labii superioris muscle was retracted and transposed through the oromaxillary sinus fistula. The tendon exited the oral cavity through a full-thickness buccal incision created adjacent to the oral end of the fistula and was then tunneled subcutaneously in a ventral direction before being anchored by sutures to the cheek tissues. RESULTS Fistulae healed with few complications and with good cosmetic and functional results. CONCLUSIONS Oromaxillary sinus fistula associated with molariform tooth loss in horses can be treated successfully by transposition of the levator labii superioris muscle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Transposition of the levator labii superioris muscle should be considered for resolution of chronic oromaxillary sinus fistula in horses.
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Wilson N. Surgical repair of traumatic oronasal fistula in a domestic short-haired cat. Can Vet J 2006; 47:1210-3. [PMID: 17217092 PMCID: PMC1636605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A 9-month-old, spayed female domestic shorthair was presented with a suspected traumatic oronasal fistula. Two surgical attempts using mucosal advancement flaps and single layer closure failed, likely due to inadequate blood supply that was potentially exacerbated by excess tension and trauma on the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wilson
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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47
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Abstract
Management of large trunk wounds begins with good wound management and bandaging. When a healthy wound bed exists and adequate tissue is present, the wound is closed. Fortunately, there is an abundance of loose trunk skin in most animals, and wound closure can be accomplished by simple reconstructive techniques, such as undermining and tension or "walking sutures." Nevertheless, some wounds and areas of the torso may require more advanced tension-relieving techniques, skin stretching, and tissue implants or flaps to achieve tension-free closure and successful wound healing. Use of these techniques allows wound closure and good cosmetic results for even those wounds that initially may seem foreboding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Hedlund
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Injuries to the head and facial area are common in small animal surgery. Although many of the injuries at first may seem formidable, most can be repaired using basic reconstructive surgery procedures. The excel-lent blood supply in this area and the availability of local tissues provide many options for repairing most wounds. This article describes the indications and techniques for reconstructing wounds in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Pope
- University of Missouri, A302 Clydesdale Hall, 379 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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49
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Abstract
This article deals with the range of skin conditions found in the dog and the cat, including intertriginous diseases, dermal sinuses, chronic lesions involving the limbs, and specific wound infections for which surgical intervention may play a useful role in their successful management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A S White
- Dick White Referrals, The Six Mile Bottom Veterinary Specialist Centre, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Newmarket, CB8 0UH England.
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50
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The spectrum of clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, management and prognosis in cases of sinunasal cysts (SNCs) requires more extensive study. Despite the extensive nature of SNCs, the prognosis for afflicted horses appears to have improved since earlier studies were conducted. OBJECTIVES To evaluate prognosis and cosmetic outcome of surgical ablation in 52 cases of SNCs. METHODS Fifty-two case records (1982-2005) of horses affected with SNCs were retrieved from the archives. Subject details, clinical signs, diagnostic techniques, surgical management and post surgical complications were extracted. Owners and referring veterinarians were contacted to assess the results of treatment. RESULTS There was no biphasic age distribution. The major presenting signs in descending order of frequency were facial swelling, mucopurulent nasal discharge, nasal airflow obstruction and abnormal respiratory noise. Common endoscopic findings included narrowed nasal meati, a cyst in the nasal cavity and a cyst visible caudal to the nasal septum viewed from the contralateral unaffected nasal meatus. Typical radiological signs included a discrete mass in the sinunasal region, a diffuse increase in opacity over the sinunasal region, free fluid lines, nasal septal deviation, expansion of the ventral conchal sinus and distortion of dental apices. Cyst extirpation using an osteoplastic flap provided a successful outcome. Forty-five of 48 horses showed complete resolution of clinical signs after subtotal or total extirpation of the cyst wall. Follow-up information was not available for the other 3 horses. Thirty-nine of 45 horses had a good to fair cosmetic appearance, judged to be good in 26 horses, fair in 13 and poor in 6. Results confirmed that the prognosis for full recovery has improved since a previous report of 15 cases. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Equine sinunasal cysts may arise in horses of any age; presenting signs should alert clinicians to their likely presence. A discrete well-circumscribed mass found during radiographic examination provides supporting evidence of a cyst. The vivid yellow, translucent, seromucoid fluid aspirated from cysts is characteristic of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Woodford
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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