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Riester O, Borgolte M, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Challenges in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Stem Cell Therapy, Biofunctionality and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Materials and Its Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E192. [PMID: 33375478 PMCID: PMC7794985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An aging population leads to increasing demand for sustained quality of life with the aid of novel implants. Patients expect fast healing and few complications after surgery. Increased biofunctionality and antimicrobial behavior of implants, in combination with supportive stem cell therapy, can meet these expectations. Recent research in the field of bone implants and the implementation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bone defects is outlined and evaluated in this review. The article highlights several advantages, limitations and advances for metal-, ceramic- and polymer-based implants and discusses the future need for high-throughput screening systems used in the evaluation of novel developed materials and stem cell therapies. Automated cell culture systems, microarray assays or microfluidic devices are required to efficiently analyze the increasing number of new materials and stem cell-assisted therapies. Approaches described in the literature to improve biocompatibility, biofunctionality and stem cell differentiation efficiencies of implants range from the design of drug-laden nanoparticles to chemical modification and the selection of materials that mimic the natural tissue. Combining suitable implants with mesenchymal stem cell treatment promises to shorten healing time and increase treatment success. Most research studies focus on creating antibacterial materials or modifying implants with antibacterial coatings in order to address the increasing number of complications after surgeries that are mostly caused by bacterial infections. Moreover, treatment of multiresistant pathogens will pose even bigger challenges in hospitals in the future, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). These antibacterial materials will help to reduce infections after surgery and the number of antibiotic treatments that contribute to the emergence of new multiresistant pathogens, whilst the antibacterial implants will help reduce the amount of antibiotics used in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Riester
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Max Borgolte
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
| | - René Csuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Suárez M, Fernández-García E, Fernández A, López-Píriz R, Díaz R, Torrecillas R. Novel antimicrobial phosphate-free glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13171. [PMID: 32826917 PMCID: PMC7442813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a phosphate-free glass-ceramic porous scaffold was synthesized by a three-step methodology involving slurry preparation, induction of porosity by surfactant-assisted foaming following by freeze-drying and sintering. This inorganic scaffold was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), degradation and bioactivity. Thermal treatment at 750 °C showed two new crystalline phases, combeite and nepheline, into the glassy matrix responsible for its properties. The cell response of the scaffold was also evaluated for using as a bone graft substitute. A commercial Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, BCP, scaffold was assessed in parallel as reference material. Microstructures obtained by SEM showed the presence of macro, meso and microporosity. The glass-ceramic scaffold possesses an interconnected porosity around 31% with a crack-pore system that promote the protein adsorption and cell attachment. Glass-ceramic scaffold with high concentration of calcium ions shows an antimicrobial behavior against Escherichia coli after 24 h of contact. Nepheline phase present in the glass-ceramic structure is responsible for its high mechanical properties being around 87 MPa. Glass-ceramic scaffold promotes greater protein adsorption and therefore the attachment, spreading and osteodifferentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells than BCP scaffold. A higher calcification was induced by glass-ceramic scaffold compared to reference BCP material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suárez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Av. Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - E Fernández-García
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Av. Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - R López-Píriz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - R Díaz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Av. Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - R Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias, Avda de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Av. Roma, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Lei ZY, Li J, Liu T, Shi XH, Fan DL. Autologous Vascularization: A Method to Enhance the Antibacterial Adhesion Properties of ePTFE. J Surg Res 2019; 236:352-358. [PMID: 30683458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), an ideal bioimplant material, is commonly used in surgical repair to treat soft tissue defects and deformities. However, the main disadvantage of ePTFE is that its distinctive porous ultrastructure is prone to bacterial adhesion that gives rise to infection and chronic inflammation, resulting in functional failure. Herein, a potentially promising approach to ePTFE autologous vascularization (AV-ePTFE) in vivo was established and developed to enhance the material's antibacterial properties. METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and visual observation were performed to validate the intensity of the inflammatory response and related histological changes in surgical wounds after AV-ePTFE implantation. In addition, the antibacterial activities of AV-ePTFE were assessed by an in vitro bacterial adhesion assay and scanning electron microscope observation. RESULTS The optimal time point of AV-ePTFE was 12 weeks after implantation. AV-ePTFE relieved inflammation based on an inflammation grading evaluation and expedited wound healing. Furthermore, AV-ePTFE effectively reduced the number of bacterial adhesions, inhibited bacterial biofilm formation, and prevented the occurrence of infection. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that autologous vascularization is an effective method to improve the antibacterial adhesion properties and biocompatibility of ePTFE after implantation and that it may have a significant effect on clinical application of future porous biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yuan Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Shi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Li Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, People's Republic of China.
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Hay JJ, Rodrigo-Navarro A, Petaroudi M, Bryksin AV, García AJ, Barker TH, Dalby MJ, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Bacteria-Based Materials for Stem Cell Engineering. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1804310. [PMID: 30209838 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials can be engineered to deliver specific biological cues that control stem cell growth and differentiation. However, current materials are still limited for stem cell engineering as stem cells are regulated by a complex biological milieu that requires spatiotemporal control. Here a new approach of using materials that incorporate designed bacteria as units that can be engineered to control human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), in a highly dynamic-temporal manner, is presented. Engineered Lactococcus lactis spontaneously colonizes a variety of material surfaces (e.g., polymers, metals, and ceramics) and is able to maintain growth and induce differentiation of hMSCs in 2D/3D surfaces and hydrogels. Controlled, dynamic, expression of fibronectin fragments supports stem cell growth, whereas inducible-temporal regulation of secreted bone morphogenetic protein-2 drives osteogenesis in an on-demand manner. This approach enables stem cell technologies using material systems that host symbiotic interactions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Hay
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | | | - Michaela Petaroudi
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Anton V Bryksin
- Molecular Evolution Core Facility, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA 22904, USA
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
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Hixon KR, Lu T, McBride-Gagyi SH, Janowiak BE, Sell SA. A Comparison of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Incorporated with Manuka Honey of Varying UMF. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:4843065. [PMID: 28326322 PMCID: PMC5343224 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4843065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Manuka honey (MH) is an antibacterial agent specific to the islands of New Zealand containing both hydrogen peroxide and a Unique Manuka Factor (UMF). Although the antibacterial properties of MH have been studied, the effect of varying UMF of MH incorporated into tissue engineered scaffolds have not. Therefore, this study was designed to compare silk fibroin cryogels and electrospun scaffolds incorporated with a 5% MH concentration of various UMF. Methods. Characteristics such as porosity, bacterial clearance and adhesion, and cytotoxicity were compared. Results. Pore diameters for all cryogels were between 51 and 60 µm, while electrospun scaffolds were 10 µm. Cryogels of varying UMF displayed clearance of approximately 0.16 cm for E. coli and S. aureus. In comparison, the electrospun scaffolds clearance ranged between 0.5 and 1 cm. A glucose release of 0.5 mg/mL was observed for the first 24 hours by all scaffolds, regardless of UMF. With respect to cytotoxicity, neither scaffold caused the cell number to drop below 20,000. Conclusions. Overall, when comparing the effects of the various UMF within the two scaffolds, no significant differences were observed. This suggests that the fabricated scaffolds in this study displayed similar bacterial effects regardless of the UMF value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tracy Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Scott A. Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rediguieri CF, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Bou-Chacra NA, Galante R, de Araújo GLB, do Nascimento Pedrosa T, Maria-Engler SS, De Bank PA. Ozone Gas as a Benign Sterilization Treatment for PLGA Nanofiber Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:338-47. [PMID: 26757850 PMCID: PMC4827278 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is a growing trend as they provide improved support for cell proliferation and survival due, in part, to their morphology mimicking that of the extracellular matrix. Sterilization is a critical step in the fabrication process of implantable biomaterial scaffolds for clinical use, but many of the existing methods used to date can negatively affect scaffold properties and performance. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used as a biodegradable polymer for 3D scaffolds and can be significantly affected by current sterilization techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate pulsed ozone gas as an alternative method for sterilizing PLGA nanofibers. The morphology, mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, and response of cells to PLGA nanofiber scaffolds were assessed following different degrees of ozone gas sterilization. This treatment killed Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, the most common biological indicator used for validation of sterilization processes. In addition, the method preserved all of the characteristics of nonsterilized PLGA nanofibers at all degrees of sterilization tested. These findings suggest that ozone gas can be applied as an alternative method for sterilizing electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffolds without detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fracalossi Rediguieri
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Brasília, Brasil
| | | | - Nadia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Galante
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Tatiana do Nascimento Pedrosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paul A. De Bank
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Cell culture techniques are essential for studying host-pathogen interactions. In addition to the broad range of single cell type-based two-dimensional cell culture models, an enormous amount of coculture systems, combining two or more different cell types, has been developed. These systems enable microscopic visualization and molecular analyses of bacterial adherence and internalization mechanisms and also provide a suitable setup for various biochemical, immunological, and pharmacological applications. The implementation of natural or synthetical scaffolds elevated the model complexity to the level of three-dimensional cell culture. Additionally, several transwell-based cell culture techniques are applied to study bacterial interaction with physiological tissue barriers. For keeping highly differentiated phenotype of eukaryotic cells in ex vivo culture conditions, different kinds of microgravity-simulating rotary-wall vessel systems are employed. Furthermore, the implementation of microfluidic pumps enables constant nutrient and gas exchange during cell cultivation and allows the investigation of long-term infection processes. The highest level of cell culture complexity is reached by engineered and explanted tissues which currently pave the way for a more comprehensive view on microbial pathogenicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bergmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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8
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Bertoldi S, Farè S, Haugen HJ, Tanzi MC. Exploiting novel sterilization techniques for porous polyurethane scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:182. [PMID: 25893387 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous polyurethane (PU) structures raise increasing interest as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. Understanding the effects of sterilization on their properties is mandatory to assess their potential use in the clinical practice. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of two innovative sterilization techniques (i.e. plasma, Sterrad(®) system, and ozone) on the morphological, chemico-physical and mechanical properties of a PU foam synthesized by gas foaming, using water as expanding agent. In addition, possible toxic effects of the sterilization were evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Plasma sterilization did not affect the morphological and mechanical properties of the PU foam, but caused at some extent degradative phenomena, as detected by infrared spectroscopy. Ozone sterilization had a major effect on foam morphology, causing the formation of new small pores, and stronger degradation and oxidation on the structure of the material. These modifications affected the mechanical properties of the sterilized PU foam too. Even though, no cytotoxic effects were observed after both plasma and ozone sterilization, as confirmed by the good values of cell viability assessed by Alamar Blue assay. The results here obtained can help in understanding the effects of sterilization procedures on porous polymeric scaffolds, and how the scaffold morphology, in particular porosity, can influence the effects of sterilization, and viceversa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoldi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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9
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Costello CM, Sorna RM, Goh YL, Cengic I, Jain NK, March JC. 3-D intestinal scaffolds for evaluating the therapeutic potential of probiotics. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2030-9. [PMID: 24798584 PMCID: PMC4096232 DOI: 10.1021/mp5001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic in vitro intestinal models are becoming useful tools for studying host-microbial interactions. In the past, these models have typically been limited to simple cultures on 2-D scaffolds or Transwell inserts, but it is widely understood that epithelial cells cultured in 3-D environments exhibit different phenotypes that are more reflective of native tissue, and that different microbial species will preferentially adhere to select locations along the intestinal villi. We used a synthetic 3-D tissue scaffold with villous features that could support the coculture of epithelial cell types with select bacterial populations. Our end goal was to establish microbial niches along the crypt-villus axis in order to mimic the natural microenvironment of the small intestine, which could potentially provide new insights into microbe-induced intestinal disorders, as well as enabling targeted probiotic therapies. We recreated the surface topography of the small intestine by fabricating a biodegradable and biocompatible villous scaffold using poly lactic-glycolic acid to enable the culture of Caco-2 with differentiation along the crypt-villus axis in a similar manner to native intestines. This was then used as a platform to mimic the adhesion and invasion profiles of both Salmonella and Pseudomonas, and assess the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus and commensal Escherichia coli in a 3-D setting. We found that, in a 3-D environment, Lactobacillus is more successful at displacing pathogens, whereas Nissle is more effective at inhibiting pathogen adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait M. Costello
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rachel M. Sorna
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yih-Lin Goh
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ivana Cengic
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nina K. Jain
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John C. March
- Department of Biological and Environmental
Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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10
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Wang Q, Yu X, Libera M. Reducing bacterial colonization of 3-d nanofiber cell scaffolds by hierarchical assembly of microgels and an antimicrobial Peptide. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184519 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical electrostatic deposition of anionic microgels and a cationic oligopeptide throughout a PCL-chitosan nanofiber scaffold inhibits S. epidermidis colonization of the scaffold interior while promoting osteoblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on the scaffold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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11
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Xu F, Sridharan B, Durmus NG, Wang S, Yavuz AS, Gurkan UA, Demirci U. Living bacterial sacrificial porogens to engineer decellularized porous scaffolds. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19344. [PMID: 21552485 PMCID: PMC3084297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization and cellularization of organs have emerged as disruptive methods in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Porous hydrogel scaffolds have widespread applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug discovery as viable tissue mimics. However, the existing hydrogel fabrication techniques suffer from limited control over pore interconnectivity, density and size, which leads to inefficient nutrient and oxygen transport to cells embedded in the scaffolds. Here, we demonstrated an innovative approach to develop a new platform for tissue engineered constructs using live bacteria as sacrificial porogens. E.coli were patterned and cultured in an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network. The growing bacteria created interconnected micropores and microchannels. Then, the scafold was decellularized, and bacteria were eliminated from the scaffold through lysing and washing steps. This 3D porous network method combined with bioprinting has the potential to be broadly applicable and compatible with tissue specific applications allowing seeding of stem cells and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - BanuPriya Sridharan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Division of Biology and Medicine, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - ShuQi Wang
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Sinan Yavuz
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Umut Atakan Gurkan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massashusetts, United States of America
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12
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Zhang Y, Yin QS, Zhang Y, Xia H, Ai FZ, Jiao YP, Chen XQ. Determination of antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatite. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010; 21:2453-2462. [PMID: 20526656 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatites (SLCHAs) were used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The SLCHAs were prepared by surface adsorption process and ion-exchange reaction between Ca(2+) of coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) and Ag(+) of silver nitrate with different concentrations at room temperature. The properties of the composite SLCHAs were investigated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscropy (SEM) equipped with backscattered electron detector (BSE), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The SEM images showed that the morphology of the SLCHAs depended on the content of Ag(+), and the silver ions were uniformly distributed on the surface of SLCHAs. The ICP-AES results demonstrated that the silver content of the SLCHAs decreased along with the decrease of the concentration of silver nitrate. The SLCHAs were found effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by antibacterial test. Mouse embryonic pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were used to test the cytocompatibility of SLCHAs, CHA, and pure coral. Cell morphology and cell proliferation were studied with SEM, laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture. The results indicated the cell morphology and proliferation on the scaffolds of Ag(+) (13.6 microg/ml)/CHA and Ag(+) (1.7 microg/ml)/CHA were better than that on Ag(+) (170 microg/ml)/CHA. In addition, adhesion of MC3T3-E1 on the scaffolds showed that the confluent cells showed fusiform shape and arranged tightly on the scaffolds. All the results showed that the antibacterial SLCHAs would have potential clinical application as the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Sarasam AR, Brown P, Khajotia SS, Dmytryk JJ, Madihally SV. Antibacterial activity of chitosan-based matrices on oral pathogens. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19:1083-90. [PMID: 17701312 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a well sought-after polysaccharide in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability to non-toxic substances, and ease of fabrication into various configurations. However, alterations in the anti-bacterial properties of chitosan in various forms is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-bacterial properties of chitosan matrices in different configurations against two pathogens-Gram-positive Streptococcus mutans and Gram-negative Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Two-dimensional (2-D) membranes and three-dimensional (3-D) porous scaffolds were synthesized by air drying and controlled-rate freeze drying. Matrices were suspended in bacterial broths with or without lysozyme (enzyme that degrades chitosan). Influences of pore size, blending with Polycaprolactone (PCL, a synthetic polymer), and neutralization process on bacterial proliferation were studied. Transient changes in optical density of the broth, adhesion characteristics, viability, and contact-dependent bacterial activity were assessed. 3-D porous scaffolds were more effective in reducing the proliferation of S. mutans in suspension than 2-D membranes. However, no significant differences were observed on the proliferation of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Presence of lysozyme significantly increased the antibacterial activity of chitosan against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Pore size did not affect the proliferation kinetics of either species, with or without lysozyme. NaOH neutralization of chitosan increased bacterial adhesion whereas ethanol neutralization inhibited adhesion without lowering proliferation. Mat culture tests indicated that chitosan does not allow proliferation on its surface and it loses antibacterial activity upon blending with PCL. Results suggest that the chemical and structural characteristics of chitosan-based matrices can be manipulated to influence the interaction of different bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna R Sarasam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 423 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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