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Zhang Q, Huang KJ, Li X. Competition between parts and whole: A new approach to Chinese compound word processing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2024; 50:479-497. [PMID: 38546626 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
How compound words are processed remains a central question in research on Chinese reading. The Chinese reading model assumes that all possible words sharing characters are activated during word processing and these activated words compete for a winner (Li & Pollatsek, 2020). The present studies aimed to examine whether embedded component words compete with whole compound words in Chinese reading. In Study 1, we analyzed two existing lexical decision databases and revealed inhibitory effects of component-word frequency and facilitative effects of character frequency on the first components. In Study 2, we conducted two factorial experiments to further examine the effects of first component-word frequency, with character frequencies controlled. The results consistently indicated significant inhibitory effects of component-word frequency. Collectively, these findings support the theoretical proposition that both component words and compound words are activated and engage in competition during word processing. This provides a new approach to compound word processing in Chinese reading and a possible solution to mixed results of character frequency effects reported in the literature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Kuan-Jung Huang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts
| | - Xingshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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2
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Li J, Sui X, Li Y. The influence of emotional context on emotional word processing in discourse comprehension: evidence from event-related potential. Neuroreport 2024; 35:225-232. [PMID: 38141011 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This research utilized event-related potential (ERP) recording technology to examine the effect of emotional context on the processing of emotional information in sentences. Three types of emotion-consistent discourse materials (neutral-neutral, positive-positive and negative-negative) were constructed to specifically express neutral, positive and negative emotions, respectively. Each discourse comprised two sentences, with the emotionally significant words embedded at the penultimate position of the second sentence. Participants were asked to read these texts, respond to reading comprehension questions and the ERP amplitude induced by the emotional words was recorded. The results indicated a tripartite interaction in the N400 and Late positive component amplitudes involving emotional context, emotional words and brain hemispheres, observed in both frontal and central brain regions. Notably, there was a significant difference in response to positive words between positive and negative contexts. The findings suggest that emotional context has a substantial effect on the processing of emotional words. Positive words, in comparison to negative ones, are more influenced by emotional context, particularly in the frontal and central regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- The School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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3
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Zhang P, Song Y, Tadesse E, Khalid S, Gao C, Li W. An EPR study of the cognitive processes underlying the impact of self-relevant information on emotional word processing. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38389094 PMCID: PMC10885381 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, this study successively presented names (in either a supra- or subthreshold manner) and emotional words to examine how self-relevant cue (self-name) affects emotional word processing in word class judgment task (to determine whether an emotional word is a noun or adjective) and valence judgment task (to determine whether an emotional word is positive or negative). At the suprathreshold condition, self-relevant positive words elicited a more significant Early posterior negativity (EPN) than negative words only in the valence judgment task. In contrast, at the subthreshold condition, self-relevant negative words elicited an enhanced Late positive potential (LPP) than positive words only in the word class judgment task. These results indicate that self-relevant cue affects emotional word processing at both suprathreshold and subthreshold conditions; nevertheless, the effect manifests as self-positive bias at the suprathreshold condition and self-negative bias at the subthreshold condition. The experimental task modulates these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Song
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Endale Tadesse
- Faculty of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Sabika Khalid
- Faculty of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Chunhai Gao
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Weijun Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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4
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Brodhun C, Borelli E, Weiss T. Neural correlates of word processing influenced by painful primes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295148. [PMID: 38241212 PMCID: PMC10798507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of painful primes has been shown to influence the perception of successively presented semantic stimuli. Painful primes lead to more negative valence ratings of pain-related, negative, and positive words than no prime. This effect was greater for pain-related than negative words. The identities of this effect's neural correlates remain unknown. In this EEG experiment, 48 healthy subjects received noxious electrical stimuli of moderate intensity. During this priming, they were presented with adjectives of variable valence (pain-related, negative, positive, and neutral). The triggered event-related potentials were analyzed during N1 (120-180 ms), P2 (170-260 ms), P3 (300-350 ms), N400 (370-550 ms), and two late positive complex components (LPC1 [650-750 ms] and LPC2 [750-1000 ms]). Larger event-related potentials were found for negative and pain-related words compared to positive words in later components (N400, LPC1, and LPC2), mainly in the frontal regions. Early components (N1, P2) were less affected by the word category but were by the prime condition (N1 amplitude was smaller with than without painful stimulation, P2 amplitude was larger with than without painful stimulation). Later components (LPC1, LPC2) were not affected by the prime condition. An interaction effect involving prime and word category was found on the behavioral level but not the electrophysiological level. This finding indicates that the interaction effect does not directly translate from the behavioral to the electrophysiological level. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brodhun
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Troyer M, Kutas M, Batterink L, McRae K. Nuances of knowing: Brain potentials reveal implicit effects of domain knowledge on word processing in the absence of sentence-level knowledge. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14422. [PMID: 37638492 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In previous work investigating the relationship between domain knowledge (of the fictional world of Harry Potter) and sentence comprehension, domain knowledge had a greater impact on electrical brain potentials to words which completed sentences about fictional "facts" participants reported they did not know compared to facts they did. This suggests that individuals use domain knowledge continuously to activate relevant/related concepts as they process sentences, even with only partial knowledge. As that study relied on subjective reports, it may have resulted in response bias related to an individual's overall domain knowledge. In the present study, we therefore asked participants with varying degrees of domain knowledge to complete sentences describing fictional "facts" as an objective measure of sentence-level knowledge. We then recorded EEG as the same individuals (re-)read the same sentences, including their appropriate final words, and sorted these according to their objective knowledge scores. Replicating and extending Troyer et al., domain knowledge immediately facilitated access to meaning for unknown words; greater domain knowledge was associated with reduced N400 amplitudes for unknown words. These findings constitute novel evidence for graded preactivation of conceptual knowledge (e.g., at the level of semantic features and/or relations) in the absence of lexical prediction. Knowledge also influenced post-N400 memory/integration processes for these same unknown words; greater domain knowledge was associated with enhanced late positive components (LPCs), suggesting that deeper encoding during language processing may be engendered when knowledgeable individuals encounter an apparent gap in their knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Troyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brain & Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Kutas
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Laura Batterink
- Department of Psychology, Brain & Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken McRae
- Department of Psychology, Brain & Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Beaudin K, Poulin-Dubois D, Zesiger P. Touching while listening: Does infants' haptic word processing speed predict vocabulary development? J Child Lang 2024; 51:37-55. [PMID: 36268841 PMCID: PMC10119325 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000922000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the links between haptic word processing speed, vocabulary, and inhibitory control among bilingual children. Three main hypotheses were tested: faster haptic processing speed, measured by the Computerized Comprehension Task at age 1;11, would be associated with larger concurrent vocabulary and greater longitudinal vocabulary growth. Second, early vocabulary size would be associated with greater vocabulary growth at 3;0 and 5;0. Finally, faster haptic processing speed would be associated with greater concurrent inhibitory control, as measured by the Shape Stroop Task. The results revealed that haptic processing speed was associated with concurrent vocabulary, but not predictive of later language skills. Also, early decontextualized vocabulary was predictive of vocabulary at 3;0. Finally, haptic processing speed measured in the non-dominant language was associated with inhibitory control. These results provide insight on the mechanisms of lexical retrieval in young bilinguals and expand previous research on haptic word processing and vocabulary development.
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Ashburn SM, Lynn Flowers D, Eden GF. A comparison of functional activation and connectivity of the cerebellum in adults and children during single word processing. Brain Lang 2023; 246:105346. [PMID: 37994829 PMCID: PMC10722870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses on reading show cerebellar activation in adults, but not children, suggesting a possible age-dependent role of the cerebellum in reading. However, the few studies that compare adults and children during reading report mixed cerebellar activation results. Here, we studied (i) cerebellar activation during implicit word processing in adults and children and (ii) functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellum and left cortical regions involved in reading. First, both groups activated bilateral cerebellum for word processing when compared to fixation, but not when compared to the active control. There were no differences between adults and children. Second, we found intrinsic FC between several cerebellar seed regions and cortical target regions in adults and children, as well as between-group differences. However, task-modulated FC specific to word processing revealed no within- nor between-group results. Together this study does not provide support for a role of the cerebellum in word processing at either age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikoya M Ashburn
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - D Lynn Flowers
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Guinevere F Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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8
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Schindler S, Vormbrock R, Helming H, Straube T. Dissociating different temporal stages of emotional word processing by feature-based attention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16860. [PMID: 37803129 PMCID: PMC10558521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional content is prioritized across different stages of information processing as reflected by different components of the event-related potential (ERP). In this preregistered study (N = 40), we investigated how varying the attentional focus allows us to dissociate the involvement of specific ERP components in the processing of negative and neutral words. Participants had to discriminate the orientation of lines overlaid onto the words, the word type (adjective/noun), or the emotional content (negative/neutral). Thus, attention was either not focused on words (distraction task), non-emotional aspects, or the emotional relevance of words. Regardless of the task, there were no significant differences between negative and neutral words for the P1, N1, or P2 components. In contrast, interactions between emotion and task were observed for the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP). EPN differences were absent during the distraction task but were present in the other two tasks. LPP emotion differences were found only when attention was directed to the emotional content of words. Our study adds to the evidence that early ERP components do not reliably separate negative and neutral words. However, results show that mid-latency and late stages of emotion processing are separable by different attention tasks. The EPN represents a stage of attentional enhancement of negative words given sufficient attentional resources. Differential activations during the LPP stage are associated with more elaborative processing of the emotional meaning of words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ria Vormbrock
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanne Helming
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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Bonandrini R, Amenta S, Sulpizio S, Tettamanti M, Mazzucchelli A, Marelli M. Form to meaning mapping and the impact of explicit morpheme combination in novel word processing. Cogn Psychol 2023; 145:101594. [PMID: 37598658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2023.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we leveraged computational methods to explore the extent to which, relative to direct access to semantics from orthographic cues, the additional appreciation of morphological cues is advantageous while inducing the meaning of affixed pseudo-words. We re-analyzed data from a study on a lexical decision task for affixed pseudo-words. We considered a parsimonious model only including semantic variables (namely, semantic neighborhood density, entropy, magnitude, stem proximity) derived through a word-form-to-meaning approach (ngram-based). We then explored the extent to which the addition of equivalent semantic variables derived by combining semantic information from morphemes (combination-based) improved the fit of the statistical model explaining human data. Results suggest that semantic information can be extracted from arbitrary clusters of letters, yet a computational model of semantic access also including a combination-based strategy based on explicit morphological information better captures the cognitive mechanisms underlying human performance. This is particularly evident when participants recognize affixed pseudo-words as meaningful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Amenta
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tettamanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Lemel R, Shalev L, Nitsan G, Ben-David BM. Listen up! ADHD slows spoken- word processing in adverse listening conditions: Evidence from eye movements. Res Dev Disabil 2023; 133:104401. [PMID: 36577332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive skills such as sustained attention, inhibition and working memory are essential for speech processing, yet are often impaired in people with ADHD. Offline measures have indicated difficulties in speech recognition on multi-talker babble (MTB) background for young adults with ADHD (yaADHD). However, to-date no study has directly tested online speech processing in adverse conditions for yaADHD. AIMS Gauging the effects of ADHD on segregating the spoken target-word from its sound-sharing competitor, in MTB and working-memory (WM) load. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Twenty-four yaADHD and 22 matched controls that differ in sustained attention (SA) but not in WM were asked to follow spoken instructions presented on MTB to touch a named object, while retaining one (low-load) or four (high-load) digit/s for later recall. Their eye fixations were tracked. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS In the high-load condition, speech processing was less accurate and slowed by 140ms for yaADHD. In the low-load condition, the processing advantage shifted from early perceptual to later cognitive stages. Fixation transitions (hesitations) were inflated for yaADHD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ADHD slows speech processing in adverse listening conditions and increases hesitation, as speech unfolds in time. These effects, detected only by online eyetracking, relate to attentional difficulties. We suggest online speech processing as a novel purview on ADHD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: We suggest speech processing in adverse listening conditions as a novel vantage point on ADHD. Successful speech recognition in noise is essential for performance across daily settings: academic, employment and social interactions. It involves several executive functions, such as inhibition and sustained attention. Impaired performance in these functions is characteristic of ADHD. However, to date there is only scant research on speech processing in ADHD. The current study is the first to investigate online speech processing as the word unfolds in time using eyetracking for young adults with ADHD (yaADHD). This method uncovered slower speech processing in multi-talker babble noise for yaADHD compared to matched controls. The performance of yaADHD indicated increased hesitation between the spoken word and sound-sharing alternatives (e.g., CANdle-CANdy). These delays and hesitations, on the single word level, could accumulate in continuous speech to significantly impair communication in ADHD, with severe implications on their quality of life and academic success. Interestingly, whereas yaADHD and controls were matched on WM standardized tests, WM load appears to affect speech processing for yaADHD more than for controls. This suggests that ADHD may lead to inefficient deployment of WM resources that may not be detected when WM is tested alone. Note that these intricate differences could not be detected using traditional offline accuracy measures, further supporting the use of eyetracking in speech tasks. Finally, communication is vital for active living and wellbeing. We suggest paying attention to speech processing in ADHD in treatment and when considering accessibility and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Lemel
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Lilach Shalev
- Constantiner School of Education and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Nitsan
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC), Herzliya, Israel; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz M Ben-David
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC), Herzliya, Israel; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Networks (UHN), ON, Canada.
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11
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Key AP, Roth S, Jones D, Hunt-Hawkins H. Typical and atypical neural mechanisms support spoken word processing in Angelman syndrome. Brain Lang 2023; 236:105215. [PMID: 36502770 PMCID: PMC9839587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is known to affect expressive and receptive communication abilities. This study examined individual differences in neural mechanisms underlying speech processing in children with AS (n = 24, M age = 10.01 years) and typical development (n = 30, M age = 10.82 years) using auditory event-related potentials during passive listening to common English words and novel pseudowords. A group of adults with AS (n = 7, M = 31.78 years) provided data about the upper developmental range. The typically developing group demonstrated the expected more negative amplitudes in response to words than pseudowords within 250-500 ms after stimulus onset at the left temporal scalp region. Children and adults with AS exhibited a similar left-lateralized pattern of word-pseudoword differentiation at temporal and parietal regions, but not the midline parietal memory response for known words observed in the typically developing group, suggesting typical-like word-pseudoword differentiation along with possible alterations in the automatic recall of word meaning. These results have important implications for understanding receptive and expressive communication processes in AS and support the use of auditory neural responses for characterizing individual differences in neurodevelopmental disorders with limited speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Sydney Roth
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Dorita Jones
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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12
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Liu X, He Y, Gao Y, Booth JR, Zhang L, Zhang S, Lu C, Liu L. Developmental differences of large-scale functional brain networks for spoken word processing. Brain Lang 2022; 231:105149. [PMID: 35777141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A dual-stream dissociation for separate phonological and semantic processing has been implicated in adults' language processing, but it is unclear how this dissociation emerges with development. By employing a graph-theory based brain network analysis, we compared functional interaction architecture during a rhyming and meaning judgment task of children (aged 8-12) with adults (aged 19-26). We found adults had stronger functional connectivity strength than children between bilateral inferior frontal gyri and left inferior parietal lobule in the rhyming task, between middle frontal gyrus and angular gyrus, and within occipital areas in the meaning task. Meanwhile, adults but not children manifested between-task differences in these properties. In contrast, children had stronger functional connectivity strength or nodal degree in Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and subcortical areas. Our findings indicated spoken word processing development is characterized by increased functional specialization, relying on the dorsal and ventral pathways for phonological and semantic processing respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yin He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/ McGovern, Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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13
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Sigurdardottir HM, Arnardottir A, Halldorsdottir ET. Faces and words are both associated and dissociated as evidenced by visual problems in dyslexia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23000. [PMID: 34837013 PMCID: PMC8626489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces and words are traditionally assumed to be independently processed. Dyslexia is also traditionally thought to be a non-visual deficit. Counter to both ideas, face perception deficits in dyslexia have been reported. Others report no such deficits. We sought to resolve this discrepancy. 60 adults participated in the study (24 dyslexic, 36 typical readers). Feature-based processing and configural or global form processing of faces was measured with a face matching task. Opposite laterality effects in these tasks, dependent on left-right orientation of faces, supported that they tapped into separable visual mechanisms. Dyslexic readers tended to be poorer than typical readers at feature-based face matching while no differences were found for global form face matching. We conclude that word and face perception are associated when the latter requires the processing of visual features of a face, while processing the global form of faces apparently shares minimal-if any-resources with visual word processing. The current results indicate that visual word and face processing are both associated and dissociated-but this depends on what visual mechanisms are task-relevant. We suggest that reading deficits could stem from multiple factors, and that one such factor is a problem with feature-based processing of visual objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heida Maria Sigurdardottir
- Icelandic Vision Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 12, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Alexandra Arnardottir
- Icelandic Vision Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 12, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Lee HJ, Cheng SK, Lee CY, Kuo WJ. The neural basis of compound word processing revealed by varying semantic transparency and morphemic neighborhood size. Brain Lang 2021; 221:104985. [PMID: 34280834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the neural basis of compound word processing by using fMRI and Chinese two-character compounds for lexical decision. Semantic transparency and morphemic neighborhood size were manipulated to augment the processing profile for measurement. The behavioral results disclosed a semantic transparency effect and its interaction with the neighborhood size, which supported existence of a mechanism for compound processing. The fMRI results located a neural substrate in the left inferior prefrontal cortex (BA 45) which reacted in an interactive manner to the two variables. While its activities were lower when their neighborhood size was larger for processing transparent compounds, its activities became higher when their neighborhood size was larger for processing opaque compounds. When scaling to a larger scope, the function of this mechanism fitted well with the theoretical account of unification function of the left inferior frontal cortex for language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Lee
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shih-Kuen Cheng
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Kuo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Brain, Mind, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Crossfield E, Damian MF. The role of valence in word processing: Evidence from lexical decision and emotional Stroop tasks. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 218:103359. [PMID: 34198169 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the valence of a word (neutral, positive, or negative) influences lexical processing, yet data from the commonly used lexical decision and emotional Stroop tasks has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the direction of this influence. One critical obstacle to investigating the independent effects of valence is the matching of emotional and neutral stimuli on the lexical, sublexical, and conceptual characteristics known to influence word recognition. The second obstacle is that the cognitive processes which lead to a lexical decision and a colour naming response are unobservable from the response latency measures typically gathered. The present study compiled a set of neutral, positive, and negative words matched triplet-wise on 26 influential characteristics. The novel "mouse tracking" technique was used to analyse the development of responses to these materials in variants of the lexical decision and emotional Stroop task. A conventional key-press emotional Stroop task is also reported. Results revealed a significant processing advantage for positive words over negative and neutral words in the lexical decision task, whereas valence alone did not produce any significant effects in the emotional Stroop task. The discrepancy between the effects of valence across these different tasks is discussed. We also suggest that previous conflicting findings may be confounded by unmatched emotional and neutral stimuli, thus inflating the potential effects of valence.
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16
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Dębska A, Banfi C, Chyl K, Dzięgiel-Fivet G, Kacprzak A, Łuniewska M, Plewko J, Grabowska A, Landerl K, Jednoróg K. Neural patterns of word processing differ in children with dyslexia and isolated spelling deficit. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1467-1478. [PMID: 33761000 PMCID: PMC8096730 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate concerning the extent to which deficits in reading and spelling share cognitive components and whether they rely, in a similar fashion, on sublexical and lexical pathways of word processing. The present study investigates whether the neural substrates of word processing differ in children with various patterns of reading and spelling deficits. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared written and auditory processing in three groups of 9-13-year olds (N = 104): (1) with age-adequate reading and spelling skills; (2) with reading and spelling deficits (i.e., dyslexia); (3) with isolated spelling deficits but without reading deficits. In visual word processing, both deficit groups showed hypoactivations in the posterior superior temporal cortex compared to typical readers and spellers. Only children with dyslexia exhibited hypoactivations in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex compared to the two groups of typical readers. This is the result of an atypical pattern of higher activity in the occipito-temporal cortex for non-linguistic visual stimuli than for words, indicating lower selectivity. The print-speech convergence was reduced in the two deficit groups. Impairments in lexico-orthographic regions in a reading-based task were associated primarily with reading deficits, whereas alterations in the sublexical word processing route could be considered common for both reading and spelling deficits. These findings highlight the partly distinct alterations of the language network related to reading and spelling deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dębska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Dzięgiel-Fivet
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kacprzak
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuniewska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Plewko
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karin Landerl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Hamedi SM, Pishghadam R. Visual Attention and Lexical Involvement in L1 and L2 Word Processing: Emotional Stroop Effect. J Psycholinguist Res 2021; 50:585-602. [PMID: 32529535 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-020-09709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the fact that the process of engaging and interacting with the text is not only the function of a reader but also the text itself, the current study attempts to examine the role of the type of the word in the attentional engagement. More specifically, the present investigation aims to verify the interplay of sensorimotor information, emotions, and the linguistic information in the word processing. In so doing, for the scale validation, a sample of 220 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners from different language institutes were requested to complete the newly designed Persian and English lexical involvement scales. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supported the factor structure and the reliability of the measures. Moreover, using Emotional Stroop task in the experimental set up, the results revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between lexical involvement and visual attentional engagement in L1(Persian). The association was conversely negative in L2 (English). Finally, the statistical analysis indicates that the lexical stimuli differ regarding their magnitude of lexical involvement in L1 and L2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Pishghadam
- Language Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashad, Iran.
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18
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Hein K, Kauschke C. Word Form Processing in Primary School Children: A Psycholinguistic Perspective. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2020; 63:3685-3699. [PMID: 32976050 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose From a psycholinguistic perspective, the quality of the stored word form in the phonological input lexicon, as well as its effective retrieval from the phonological output lexicon, is of great importance in lexical processing. This study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of (a)typical word form processing in primary school children. In particular, age-related development and profiles of word form processing including children's response behavior were investigated. Method A sample of 164 monolingual primary school children (6-9 years of age) was tested in a cross-sectional design using two word form-related tasks (auditory lexical decision and rapid naming) with carefully controlled stimuli in combination with traditional vocabulary tests and a nonword repetition task. Results First, an age-related improvement (better performance and acceleration of reaction times) was found for both word form-related tasks. Second, a cluster analysis revealed five clusters with different profiles of word processing. Beside a cluster with overall results of above average, we found two clusters including children with typical lexical abilities who applied specific strategies to deal with the tasks (speed-accuracy trade-offs). Two other clusters represented weak lexical abilities at different levels of word processing. Conclusions Children's abilities in word form processing develop over time and are characterized by developmental boosts that occur at different times in development. The uncovered profiles document patterns of (a)typical lexical processing. Since difficulties with word form processing are easily overlooked in clinical assessment, lexical decision and rapid naming tasks offer valuable tools for an in-depth evaluation of lexical skills. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12986036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hein
- Department of German Linguistics, University of Marburg, Germany
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19
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Brem S, Maurer U, Kronbichler M, Schurz M, Richlan F, Blau V, Reithler J, van der Mark S, Schulz E, Bucher K, Moll K, Landerl K, Martin E, Goebel R, Schulte-Körne G, Blomert L, Wimmer H, Brandeis D. Visual word form processing deficits driven by severity of reading impairments in children with developmental dyslexia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18728. [PMID: 33127943 PMCID: PMC7603304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual word form area (VWFA) in the left ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) cortex is key to fluent reading in children and adults. Diminished VWFA activation during print processing tasks is a common finding in subjects with severe reading problems. Here, we report fMRI data from a multicentre study with 140 children in primary school (7.9-12.2 years; 55 children with dyslexia, 73 typical readers, 12 intermediate readers). All performed a semantic task on visually presented words and a matched control task on symbol strings. With this large group of children, including the entire spectrum from severely impaired to highly fluent readers, we aimed to clarify the association of reading fluency and left vOT activation during visual word processing. The results of this study confirm reduced word-sensitive activation within the left vOT in children with dyslexia. Interestingly, the association of reading skills and left vOT activation was especially strong and spatially extended in children with dyslexia. Thus, deficits in basic visual word form processing increase with the severity of reading disability but seem only weakly associated with fluency within the typical reading range suggesting a linear dependence of reading scores with VFWA activation only in the poorest readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - U Maurer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Schurz
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Richlan
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - V Blau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Reithler
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S van der Mark
- MR-Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Bucher
- MR-Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Landerl
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E Martin
- MR-Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Goebel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Blomert
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Wimmer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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20
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Lin Y, Ding H, Zhang Y. Prosody Dominates Over Semantics in Emotion Word Processing: Evidence From Cross-Channel and Cross-Modal Stroop Effects. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2020; 63:896-912. [PMID: 32186969 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Emotional speech communication involves multisensory integration of linguistic (e.g., semantic content) and paralinguistic (e.g., prosody and facial expressions) messages. Previous studies on linguistic versus paralinguistic salience effects in emotional speech processing have produced inconsistent findings. In this study, we investigated the relative perceptual saliency of emotion cues in cross-channel auditory alone task (i.e., semantics-prosody Stroop task) and cross-modal audiovisual task (i.e., semantics-prosody-face Stroop task). Method Thirty normal Chinese adults participated in two Stroop experiments with spoken emotion adjectives in Mandarin Chinese. Experiment 1 manipulated auditory pairing of emotional prosody (happy or sad) and lexical semantic content in congruent and incongruent conditions. Experiment 2 extended the protocol to cross-modal integration by introducing visual facial expression during auditory stimulus presentation. Participants were asked to judge emotional information for each test trial according to the instruction of selective attention. Results Accuracy and reaction time data indicated that, despite an increase in cognitive demand and task complexity in Experiment 2, prosody was consistently more salient than semantic content for emotion word processing and did not take precedence over facial expression. While congruent stimuli enhanced performance in both experiments, the facilitatory effect was smaller in Experiment 2. Conclusion Together, the results demonstrate the salient role of paralinguistic prosodic cues in emotion word processing and congruence facilitation effect in multisensory integration. Our study contributes tonal language data on how linguistic and paralinguistic messages converge in multisensory speech processing and lays a foundation for further exploring the brain mechanisms of cross-channel/modal emotion integration with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Science & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Classification of textual file formats is a topic of interest in network forensics. There are a few publicly available datasets of files with textual formats. Therewith, there is no public dataset for file fragments of textual file formats. So, a big research challenge in file fragment classification of textual file formats is to compare the performance of the developed methods over the same datasets. DATA DESCRIPTION In this study, we present a dataset that contains file fragments of five textual file formats: Binary file format for Word 97-Word 2003, Microsoft Word open XML format, portable document format, rich text file, and standard text document. This dataset contains the file fragments in three different languages: English, Persian, and Chinese. For each pair of file format and language, 1500 file fragments are provided. So, the dataset of file fragments contains 22,500 file fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Teimouri
- Information Theory and Coding Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Velasco-Álvarez F, Sancha-Ros S, García-Garaluz E, Fernández-Rodríguez Á, Medina-Juliá MT, Ron-Angevin R. UMA-BCI Speller: An easily configurable P300 speller tool for end users. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2019; 172:127-138. [PMID: 30902124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Some neurodegenerative conditions can severely limit patients' capability to communicate because of the loss of muscular control. Brain-computer interfaces may help in the restoration of communication with these patients, bypassing the muscular activity, so that brain signals can be directly interpreted by a computer. There are many studies regarding brain-controlled spellers; however, these systems do not usually leap out of the lab because of technical and economic requirements. As a consequence, the potential end users do not benefit from these scientific advances in their daily life. The objective of this paper is to present a novel brain-controlled speller designed to be used by patients due to its versatility and ease of use. METHODS The brain-computer interface research group of the University of Málaga (UMA-BCI) has developed a speller application based on the well-known P300 potential which can be easily installed, configured and used. The application supports the common P300 paradigms: the Row-Column Paradigm and the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Paradigm. The inner core of the application is implemented with a widely used and studied platform, BCI2000, which ensures its reliability and allows other researchers to apply modifications at will in order to test new features. Ten naïve volunteers carried out exercises using the application and completed usability tests for evaluation purposes. RESULTS New subjects using the application managed to set up and use the proposed speller in less than an hour. The positive results of the evaluation through the usability tests support this application's ease of use. CONCLUSIONS A new brain-controlled spelling tool has been presented whose aim is to be used by severely paralyzed patients in their daily lives, as well as by researchers to test new spelling features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador Sancha-Ros
- ENESO Tecnología de Adaptación S.L., Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Ron-Angevin
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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23
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Abstract
Three different tasks (word repetition, lexical decision, and gender decision) were designed to explore the impact of the sex clues (sex of the speaker, sex of the addressee) and the type of gender (semantic, arbitrary) on the processing of isolated Spanish gendered words. The findings showed that the grammatical gender feature was accessed when no mandatory attentional focus was required. In addition, the results indicated that the participants organize information according to their own sex role, which provides more salience to the words that match in grammatical gender with their own sex role representation, even when the gender assignment is arbitrary. Finally, the sex of the speaker biased the lexical access and the grammatical gender selection, serving as a semantic prime when the two dimensions have a congruent relationship. Furthermore, the masculine form serves as the generic gender representing both male and female figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Casado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, C/ Profesor Clavera s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Palma
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, C/ Profesor Clavera s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Paolieri
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, C/ Profesor Clavera s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
This study aims to provide convergent understanding of the neural basis of auditory word processing efficiency using a multimodal imaging. We investigated the structural and functional correlates of word processing efficiency in healthy individuals. We acquired two structural imaging (T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during auditory word processing (phonological and semantic tasks). Our results showed that better phonological performance was predicted by the greater thalamus activity. In contrary, better semantic performance was associated with the less activation in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis that better task performance requires less brain activation. Furthermore, our network analysis revealed the semantic network including the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and pMTG was correlated with the semantic efficiency. Especially, this network acted as a neural efficient manner during auditory word processing. Structurally, DLPFC and cingulum contributed to the word processing efficiency. Also, the parietal cortex showed a significate association with the word processing efficiency. Our results demonstrated that two features of word processing efficiency, phonology and semantics, can be supported in different brain regions and, importantly, the way serving it in each region was different according to the feature of word processing. Our findings suggest that word processing efficiency can be achieved by in collaboration of multiple brain regions involved in language and general cognitive function structurally and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeYoung Jung
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Wisdom Science Centre, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesuk Cho
- Wisdom Science Centre, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kichun Nam
- Wisdom Science Centre, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Won-Du Chang, Sungkean Kim, Chang-Hwan Im. Real-Time "Eye-Writing" Recognition Using Electrooculogram. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:37-48. [PMID: 28113859 DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2542524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eye movements can be used as alternative inputs for human-computer interface (HCI) systems such as virtual or augmented reality systems as well as new communication ways for patients with locked-in syndrome. In this study, we developed a real-time electrooculogram (EOG)-based eye-writing recognition system, with which users can write predefined symbolic patterns with their volitional eye movements. For the "eye-writing" recognition, the proposed system first reconstructs the eye-written traces from EOG waveforms in real-time; then, the system recognizes the intended symbolic inputs with a reliable recognition rate by matching the input traces with the trained eye-written traces of diverse input patterns. Experiments with 20 participants showed an average recognition rate of 87.38% (F1 score) for 29 different symbolic patterns (26 lower case alphabet characters and three functional input patterns representing Space, Backspace, and Enter keys), demonstrating the promise of our EOG-based eye-writing recognition system in practical scenarios.
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26
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Smith AL, Chaparro BS. Smartphone Text Input Method Performance, Usability, and Preference With Younger and Older Adults. Hum Factors 2015; 57:1015-1028. [PMID: 25850116 DOI: 10.1177/0018720815575644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE User performance, perceived usability, and preference for five smartphone text input methods were compared with younger and older novice adults. BACKGROUND Smartphones are used for a variety of functions other than phone calls, including text messaging, e-mail, and web browsing. Research comparing performance with methods of text input on smartphones reveals a high degree of variability in reported measures, procedures, and results. This study reports on a direct comparison of five of the most common input methods among a population of younger and older adults, who had no experience with any of the methods. METHOD Fifty adults (25 younger, 18-35 years; 25 older, 60-84 years) completed a text entry task using five text input methods (physical Qwerty, onscreen Qwerty, tracing, handwriting, and voice). Entry and error rates, perceived usability, and preference were recorded. RESULTS Both age groups input text equally fast using voice input, but older adults were slower than younger adults using all other methods. Both age groups had low error rates when using physical Qwerty and voice, but older adults committed more errors with the other three methods. Both younger and older adults preferred voice and physical Qwerty input to the remaining methods. Handwriting consistently performed the worst and was rated lowest by both groups. CONCLUSION Voice and physical Qwerty input methods proved to be the most effective for both younger and older adults, and handwriting input was the least effective overall. APPLICATION These findings have implications to the design of future smartphone text input methods and devices, particularly for older adults.
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Abstract
A study of the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper limbs was carried out on 2 populations, 1 performing a computer-aided design (CAD) task and the other performing a data entry task. A questionnaire on MSD complaints and working life was completed by a sample of each population. Biomechanical measurements of the forces, the angles, and the repetitiveness of movements of the upper limbs were carried out on some operators in each sample. It emerged that complaints of the upper limbs seem to be linked to the use of input devices. The grip forces exerted when using the keyboard and mouse were higher in CAD than in data entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Cail
- Biomechanics and Ergonomics Laboratory, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre, France.
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28
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Werth A, Babski-Reeves K. Effects of portable computing devices on posture, muscle activation levels and efficiency. Appl Ergon 2014; 45:1603-1609. [PMID: 24934983 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Very little research exists on ergonomic exposures when using portable computing devices. This study quantified muscle activity (forearm and neck), posture (wrist, forearm and neck), and performance (gross typing speed and error rates) differences across three portable computing devices (laptop, netbook, and slate computer) and two work settings (desk and computer) during data entry tasks. Twelve participants completed test sessions on a single computer using a test-rest-test protocol (30min of work at one work setting, 15min of rest, 30min of work at the other work setting). The slate computer resulted in significantly more non-neutral wrist, elbow and neck postures, particularly when working on the sofa. Performance on the slate computer was four times less than that of the other computers, though lower muscle activity levels were also found. Potential or injury or illness may be elevated when working on smaller, portable computers in non-traditional work settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Werth
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, PO Box 9542, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
| | - Kari Babski-Reeves
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, PO Box 9542, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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Abstract
We hypothesize that an individual computer user has a unique and consistent habitual pattern of hand movements, independent of the text, while typing on a keyboard. As a result, this paper proposes a novel biometric modality named typing behavior (TB) for continuous user authentication. Given a webcam pointing toward a keyboard, we develop real-time computer vision algorithms to automatically extract hand movement patterns from the video stream. Unlike the typical continuous biometrics, such as keystroke dynamics (KD), TB provides a reliable authentication with a short delay, while avoiding explicit key-logging. We collect a video database where 63 unique subjects type static text and free text for multiple sessions. For one typing video, the hands are segmented in each frame and a unique descriptor is extracted based on the shape and position of hands, as well as their temporal dynamics in the video sequence. We propose a novel approach, named bag of multi-dimensional phrases, to match the cross-feature and cross-temporal pattern between a gallery sequence and probe sequence. The experimental results demonstrate a superior performance of TB when compared with KD, which, together with our ultrareal-time demo system, warrant further investigation of this novel vision application and biometric modality.
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Hautala J, Parviainen T. Gaze position reveals impaired attentional shift during visual word recognition in dysfluent readers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108937. [PMID: 25268909 PMCID: PMC4182581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects reflecting serial within-word processing are frequently found in pseudo- and non-word recognition tasks not only among fluent, but especially among dyslexic readers. However, the time course and locus of these serial within-word processing effects in the cognitive hierarchy (i.e., orthographic, phonological, lexical) have remained elusive. We studied whether a subject's eye movements during a lexical decision task would provide information about the temporal dynamics of serial within-word processing. We assumed that if there is serial within-word processing proceeding from left to right, items with informative beginnings would attract the gaze position and (micro-)saccadic eye movements earlier in time relative to those with informative endings. In addition, we compared responses to word, non-word, and pseudo-word items to study whether serial within-word processing stems mainly from a lexical, orthographic, or phonological processing level, respectively. Gaze positions showed earlier responses to anomalies located at pseudo- and non-word beginnings rather than endings, whereas informative word beginnings or endings did not affect gaze positions. The overall pattern of results suggests parallel letter processing of real words and rapid serial within-word processing when reading novel words. Dysfluent readers' gaze position responses toward anomalies located at pseudo- and non-word endings were delayed substantially, suggesting impairment in serial processing at an orthographic processing level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Hautala
- Agora Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Horki P, Klobassa DS, Pokorny C, Müller-Putz GR. Evaluation of healthy EEG responses for spelling through listener-assisted scanning. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2014; 19:29-36. [PMID: 25014972 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2014.2328494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether listener-assisted scanning, an alternative communication method for persons with severe motor and visual impairments but preserved cognitive skills, could be used for spelling with EEG. To that end spoken letters were presented sequentially, and the participants made selections by performing motor execution/imagery or a cognitive task. The motor task was a brisk dorsiflexion of both feet, and the cognitive task was related to working memory and perception of human voice. The motor imagery task yielded the most promising results with respect to letter selection accuracy, albeit with a large variation in individual performance. The cognitive task yielded significant ( p = 0.05) albeit moderate results. Closer inspection of grand average ERPs for the cognitive task revealed task-related modulation of a late negative component, which is novel in the auditory BCI literature. Guidelines for further development are presented.
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Sato H, Washizawa Y. A novel EEG-based spelling system using N100 and P300. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 205:428-432. [PMID: 25160220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
P300-speller is one of the most popular EEG-based spelling systems proposed by Farwell and Donchin. P300-speller has a 6 × 6 character matrix and requires at least 12 flashes to input one character. This restricts increasing of the information transfer rate (ITR) by decreasing the number of flashes. In this paper, a novel spelling system is proposed to reduce the number of flashes by sequential stimulation of images. In order to determine the command, the proposed system utilizes two kinds of the event-related brain potentials (ERP), N100 and P300 whereas P300-speller utilizes only P300. Thanks to using both N100 and P300, the proposed system achieves higher accuracy and faster spelling speed than P300-speller. Our experiment by ten subjects showed that ITR of the proposed system is an average of 0.25 bit/sec improved compared to P300-speller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sato
- Dept. of Communication Engineering and Informatics, The University of Electro- Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Washizawa
- Dept. of Communication Engineering and Informatics, The University of Electro- Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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Li J, Ouazzane K, Kazemian HB, Afzal MS. Neural network approaches for noisy language modeling. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 2013; 24:1773-1784. [PMID: 24808611 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2013.2263557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Text entry from people is not only grammatical and distinct, but also noisy. For example, a user's typing stream contains all the information about the user's interaction with computer using a QWERTY keyboard, which may include the user's typing mistakes as well as specific vocabulary, typing habit, and typing performance. In particular, these features are obvious in disabled users' typing streams. This paper proposes a new concept called noisy language modeling by further developing information theory and applies neural networks to one of its specific application-typing stream. This paper experimentally uses a neural network approach to analyze the disabled users' typing streams both in general and specific ways to identify their typing behaviors and subsequently, to make typing predictions and typing corrections. In this paper, a focused time-delay neural network (FTDNN) language model, a time gap model, a prediction model based on time gap, and a probabilistic neural network model (PNN) are developed. A 38% first hitting rate (HR) and a 53% first three HR in symbol prediction are obtained based on the analysis of a user's typing history through the FTDNN language modeling, while the modeling results using the time gap prediction model and the PNN model demonstrate that the correction rates lie predominantly in between 65% and 90% with the current testing samples, and 70% of all test scores above basic correction rates, respectively. The modeling process demonstrates that a neural network is a suitable and robust language modeling tool to analyze the noisy language stream. The research also paves the way for practical application development in areas such as informational analysis, text prediction, and error correction by providing a theoretical basis of neural network approaches for noisy language modeling.
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Abstract
This study examined emotional modulation of word processing, showing that the recognition potential (RP), an ERP index of word recognition, could be modulated by different emotional states. In the experiment, participants were instructed to compete with pseudo-competitors, and via manipulation of the outcome of this competition, they were situated in neutral, highly positive, slightly positive, highly negative or slightly negative emotional states. They were subsequently asked to judge whether the referent of a word following a series of meaningless character segmentations was an animal or not. The emotional induction task and the word recognition task were alternated. Results showed that 1) compared with the neutral emotion condition, the peak latency of the RP under different emotional states was earlier and its mean amplitude was smaller, 2) there was no significant difference between RPs elicited under positive and negative emotional states in either the mean amplitude or latency, and 3) the RP was not affected by different degrees of positive emotional states. However, compared to slightly negative emotional states, the mean amplitude of the RP was smaller and its latency was shorter in highly negative emotional states over the left hemisphere but not over the right hemisphere. The results suggest that emotional states influence word processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taomei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Heurley LP, Brouillet T, Chesnoy G, Brouillet D. Color perception involves color representations firstly at a semantic level and then at a lexical level. Cogn Process 2012; 14:19-29. [PMID: 23053840 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-012-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies and models have suggested that color perception first involves access to semantic representations of color. This result leads to two questions: (1) is knowledge able to influence the perception of color when associated with a color? and (2) can the perception of color really involve only semantic representations? We developed an experiment where participants have to discriminate the color of a patch (yellow vs. green). The target patch is preceded either by a black-and-white line drawing or by a word representing a natural object associated with the same or a different color (banana vs. frog). We expected a priming effect for pictures because, with a 350-ms SOA, they only involve access to semantic representations of color, whereas words seem only elicit an access to lexical representations. As expected, we found a priming effect for pictures, but also for words. Moreover, we found a general slowdown of response times in the word-prime-condition suggesting the need of an additional processing step to produce priming. In a second experiment, we manipulated the SOA in order to preclude a semantic access in the word-prime-condition that could explain the additional step of processing. We also found a priming effect, suggesting that interaction with perception occurs at a lexical level and the additional step occurs at a color perception level. In the discussion, we develop a new model of color perception assuming that color perception involves access to semantic representations and then access to lexical representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc P Heurley
- Laboratory EPSYLON EA4556 Dynamics of Human Abilities and Health Behaviors, Université Montpellier III, Paul Valéry, Route de Mende, 34199, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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36
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Abstract
Acronyms are an idiosyncratic part of our everyday vocabulary. Research in word processing has used acronyms as a tool to answer fundamental questions such as the nature of the word superiority effect (WSE) or which is the best way to account for word-reading processes. In this study, acronym naming was assessed by looking at the influence that a number of variables known to affect mainstream word processing has had in acronym naming. The nature of the effect of these factors on acronym naming was examined using a multilevel regression analysis. First, 146 acronyms were described in terms of their age of acquisition, bigram and trigram frequencies, imageability, number of orthographic neighbors, frequency, orthographic and phonological length, print-to-pronunciation patterns, and voicing characteristics. Naming times were influenced by lexical and sublexical factors, indicating that acronym naming is a complex process affected by more variables than those previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Izura
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Meng LF, Chen HY, Lu CP, Chen MC, Chu CN. The effect of direction on cursor moving kinematics. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:1919-29. [PMID: 22438745 PMCID: PMC3304147 DOI: 10.3390/s120201919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There have been only few studies to substantiate the kinematic characteristics of cursor movement. In this study, a quantitative experimental research method was used to explore the effect of moving direction on the kinematics of cursor movement in 24 typical young persons using our previously developed computerized measuring program. The results of multiple one way repeated measures ANOVAs and post hoc LSD tests demonstrated that the moving direction had effects on average velocity, movement time, movement unit and peak velocity. Moving leftward showed better efficiency than moving rightward, upward and downward from the kinematic evidences such as velocity, movement unit and time. Moreover, the unique pattern of the power spectral density (PSD) of velocity (strategy for power application) explained why the smoothness was still maintained while moving leftward even under an unstable situation with larger momentum. Moreover, the information from this cursor moving study can guide us to relocate the toolbars and icons in the window interface, especially for individuals with physical disabilities whose performances are easily interrupted while controlling the cursor in specific directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Institute of Clinical Behavioral Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-F.M.); (C.-P.L.)
| | - Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Institute of Clinical Behavioral Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-F.M.); (C.-P.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 ext. 3633; Fax: +886-3-211-8700
| | - Chiu-Ping Lu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Institute of Clinical Behavioral Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-F.M.); (C.-P.L.)
| | - Ming-Chung Chen
- Department of Special Education, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chi-Nung Chu
- Department of Information Management, China University of Technology, No. 56, Section 3, Xinglong Road, Wunshan District, Taipei 116, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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38
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Strassman BK, O'Dell K. Using open captions to revise writing in digital stories composed by d/Deaf and hard of hearing students. Am Ann Deaf 2012; 157:340-357. [PMID: 23259353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a nonexperimental design, the researchers explored the effect of captioning as part of the writing process of individuals who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing. Sixty-nine d/Deaf and hard of hearing middle school students composed responses to four writing-to-learn activities in a word processor. Two compositions were revised and published with software that displayed texts as captions to digital images; two compositions were revised with a word processor and published on paper. Analysis showed increases in content-area vocabulary, text length, and inclusion of main ideas and details for texts revised in the captioning software. Given the nonexperimental design, it is not possible to determine the extent to which the results could be attributed to captioned revisions. However, the findings do suggest that the images acted as procedural facilitators, triggering recall of vocabulary and details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Strassman
- Department of Special Education, Language, and Literacy, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, USA
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Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by an insidious onset and gradual progression of deficits that can involve any aspect of language, including word finding, object naming, fluency, syntax, phonology and word comprehension. The initial symptoms occur in the absence of major deficits in other cognitive domains, including episodic memory, visuospatial abilities and visuoconstruction. According to recent diagnostic guidelines, PPA is typically divided into three variants: nonfluent variant PPA (also termed progressive nonfluent aphasia), semantic variant PPA (also termed semantic dementia) and logopenic/phonological variant PPA (also termed logopenic progressive aphasia). The paper describes a 79-yr old man, who presented with normal motor speech and production rate, impaired single word retrieval and phonemic errors in spontaneous speech and confrontational naming. Confrontation naming was strongly affected by lexical frequency. He was impaired on repetition of sentences and phrases. Reading was intact for regularly spelled words but not for irregular words (surface dyslexia). Comprehension was spared at the single word level, but impaired for complex sentences. He performed within the normal range on the Dutch equivalent of the Pyramids and Palm Trees (PPT) Pictures Test, indicating that semantic processing was preserved. There was, however, a slight deficiency on the PPT Words Test, which appeals to semantic knowledge of verbal associations. His core deficit was interpreted as an inability to retrieve stored lexical-phonological information for spoken word production in spontaneous speech, confrontation naming, repetition and reading aloud.
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Abstract
P300 spellers are mainly composed of an interface, by which alphanumerical characters are presented to users, and a classification system, which identifies the target character by using acquired EEG data. In this study, we proposed modifications both to the interface and to the classification system, in order to reduce the number of required stimulus repetitions and consequently boost the information transfer rate. We initially incorporated a custom-built dictionary into the classification system, and conducted a study on 14 healthy subjects who copy-spelled 15 four letter words. Incorporating the dictionary, the mean accuracy at five trials increased from 72.86% to 95.71%. To further increase the system performance, we first validated the hypothesis that for a conventional P300 system, most target-error pairs lie on the same row or column. Then based on the validated hypothesis, we adjusted letter positions on the well-known from A to Z interface. The same subjects spelled the same 15 words using the modified interface as well, and the mean information transfer rate at two trials reached 55.32 bits/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Taha Ahi
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Ahlers MO, Jakstat HA. Computer-aided examination reports in clinical functional analysis of TMD. Int J Comput Dent 2010; 13:121-139. [PMID: 20648739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical functional analysis is the first step in the diagnostic cascade in the diagnosis of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). This examination comprises palpation of the muscles, auscultation of noises in the temporomandibular joint, registration of jaw mobility as well as the search for dysfunctional contact relations in static and dynamic occlusion. The structured evaluation of these findings enables an initial diagnosis to be made as the basis for further diagnostics and therapy. Because of the complexity of the material, both the referring dentists and the patients expect a meaningful examination report. However, writing it is extremely time-consuming. New software for the semi-automatic generation of such illustrated medical reports has therefore been developed to reduce internal costs and provide quality assurance. The CMD medical report assistant (dentaConcept) imports the examination data and initial diagnoses through a standardized interface from the dentaConcept diagnostic software CMDfact. The CMD medical report assistant assigns matching texts to the findings on the basis of random number generators and combines these findings-dependent texts with illustrations of the most important findings as well as standard texts. The software transfers the multi-page examination report to the standard Microsoft Word for Windows word processing program, saves the data by means of an individualizable file name generator and uses the Word functions for the color printout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Ahlers
- CMD Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Policlinic for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
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Samani A, Holtermann A, Søgaard K, Madeleine P. Active pauses induce more variable electromyographic pattern of the trapezius muscle activity during computer work. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2009; 19:e430-7. [PMID: 19135388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Samani
- Laboratory for Ergonomics and Work-related Disorders, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Green V, Chiapparino C, Stasolla F, Oliva D. A voice-detecting sensor and a scanning keyboard emulator to support word writing by two boys with extensive motor disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2009; 30:203-209. [PMID: 18417320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the use of a voice-detecting sensor interfaced with a scanning keyboard emulator to allow two boys with extensive motor disabilities to write. Specifically, the study (a) compared the effects of the voice-detecting sensor with those of a familiar pressure sensor on the boys' writing time, (b) checked which of the sensors the boys preferred, and (c) conducted a social validation assessment of the boys' performance with the two sensors, employing psychology students as raters. The difference in the boys' overall mean writing time per letter across sensors was, by the end of the study, about 1.5s. This difference favored the pressure sensor for one of the boys and the voice-detecting sensor for the other boy. Both boys showed preference for the voice-detecting sensor. Moreover, the psychology students involved in the social validation assessment indicated that such sensor was more satisfactory, suitable, and educationally relevant than the pressure sensor, and represented the solution that they as raters supported more.
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Antonarakis GS. The European computer driving licence and the use of computers by dental students. Eur J Dent Educ 2009; 13:66-67. [PMID: 19196296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2008.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of computers within the dental curriculum for students is vital for many aspects of their studies. The aim of this study was to assess how dental students who had obtained the European computer driving licence (ECDL) qualification (an internationally-recognised standard of competence) through taught courses, felt about the qualification, and how it changed their habits vis-à-vis computers, and information and communication technology. This study was carried out as a descriptive, one-off, cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 students who had successfully completed the course, with questions pertaining to the use of email, word processing and Internet for course-works, Medline for research, computer based learning, online lecture notes, and online communication with members of staff, both before and after ECDL qualification. Scaled responses were given. The attitudes of students towards the course were also assessed. The frequencies and percentage distributions of the responses to each question were analysed. It was found that dental students who follow ECDL teaching and successfully complete its requirements, seem to increase the frequency with which they use email, word processing and Internet for course works, Medline for research purposes, computer based learning, online lecture notes, and online communication with staff. Opinions about the ECDL course varied, many dental students finding the course easy, enjoying it only a little, but admitting that it improved their computer skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Antonarakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Geneva, 19 rue Barthélemy-Menn, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Caltenco HA, Lontis ER, Struijk JJ, Lund ME, Struijk LNSA. Character activation time prediction model for tongue-typing: adaptation of Fitts's law. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2009:551-554. [PMID: 19963972 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a character activation time prediction model for tongue-typing. This model is based on a modification of Fitts's law that is more suitable for tip-of-tongue selectivity tasks around the palatal area. The model was trained and evaluated with data from tongue-selectivity experiments using an inductive tongue-computer interface. It takes into account the movement amplitude, target position, interactions between them, character disambiguation time and error correction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector A Caltenco
- Center for Sensory Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Theera-Ampornpunt N, Kijsanayotin B, Speedie SM. Creating a large database test bed with typographical errors for record linkage evaluation. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2008:1153. [PMID: 18998880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of record linkage algorithms requires a large database test bed that is representative of the real-world data. We created such a large database that reflects the demographic distribution of a typical population and contains typographical errors commonly made during data entry. This database can be used with high confidence as a test bed to evaluate various record linkage algorithms.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research examined design of a virtual keyboard for text entry with a rotary controller, emphasizing users who differ in age and system experience. BACKGROUND Existing research has minimally addressed usage frequency, age, and the effects of display shape and letter arrangement on movement and visual search components of text entry tasks. The present research was conducted to close these gaps. METHOD Two experiments were completed to examine younger (18-28 years) and older (60-75 years) adults' movement and visual search capabilities using four keyboard shapes and three keyboard arrangements. In a third experiment examining combined effects on shape design, 32 younger (18-28 years) and 32 older (60-75 years) adults entered words on the two best shapes from the first experiments. RESULTS For the movement task, movement time was lowest for shapes with higher shape-controller compatibility. For the visual search task, search time and accuracy were best on the alphabetic arrangement. In the combined task, shape did not significantly influence performance at different levels of practice. Transfers, however, suggested that the shape with salient visual features elicited a text entry strategy for older adults that may promote more consistent performance under occasional usage. CONCLUSION The studies together demonstrate that keyboard shape is important for efficient performance. Shape-controller compatibility facilitated performance in both age groups. Salient features facilitate performance, especially for older adults. In nearly all cases alphabetic arrangement yielded the best performance. APPLICATION Recommendations are provided for virtual keyboard design for different usage frequencies, contexts, and users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita A O'Brien
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA.
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Cassey M. Using a spreadsheet/table template for economic value added analysis. Nurs Econ 2008; 26:61-63. [PMID: 18389846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Translating clinical research into practical applications that are cost effective has received significant attention as staff nurses attempt to expand new knowledge into an already complex daily workflow. spreadsheet/table template created in a word processing format can assist with setting up and carrying out the analysis of costs for comparing different approaches to routine activities. By encouraging nurses to take the initiative to examine parts of everyday nursing practice with an eye to cost analysis, significant contributions can be made to maximizing the bottom line.
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Palmer EJ, Devitt PG. A method for creating interactive content for the iPod, and its potential use as a learning tool: technical advances. BMC Med Educ 2007; 7:32. [PMID: 17888168 PMCID: PMC2174451 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podcasting is currently a popular means of delivery of information with a large number of podcasts specifically tailored for educational purposes. It can be argued that the passive nature of this teaching methodology limits the educational benefit that can be derived from podcasts. This paper describes the development and construction of interactive material for the iPod, and a survey of student attitudes towards this type of learning material. METHODS The development of interactive material for an iPod is described in detail. This material was developed and demonstrated to 50 medical students. These students completed a paper-based survey on the potential uses of this technology, before and after a 20 minute presentation in class of an interactive case-study on an iPod. RESULTS A technical description of how to develop interactive content for the iPod was created. The results of the student survey indicate a favourable shift in student attitudes after viewing the interactive case. Despite only 15% of the students owning an iPod, 57% of the students were positive about having access to interactive iPod content and 59% believed they would use it whilst travelling. The percentage of students who felt podcasting was a useful means of learning increased from 9% to 41%. CONCLUSION The development of interactive content for the iPod is feasible. There are indications that students view interactive iPod cases as having value as an additional learning resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Palmer
- Centre for Learning and Professional Development, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Disclipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter G Devitt
- Disclipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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