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Liang Y, Fullmer J, Verhaegen M, Wolf S, Xing X, Harms P, Ward N, Kahlenberg J, Dlugosz A, Gudjonsson J. 041 The female-biased factor VGLL3 drives lupus-like skin inflammation in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verhaegen M, Mangelberger D, Harms P, Wilbert D, Zabawa H, Van Goor J, Kelly M, Chen P, Dlugosz A. 195 Postnatal initiation of MCC-like tumor development in mice co-expressing Merkel cell polyomavirus T antigens and ATOH1. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Eberl M, Dlugosz A, Wong S. 138 Notch signaling modulates BCC persistence in response to anti-hedgehog therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Syu L, Wilbert D, van der Meijden E, Feltkamp M, Dlugosz A. 1386 Trichodysplasia spinulosa small T antigen drives ectopic hair follicle development in adult transgenic mice. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Syu L, Verhaegen M, Grachtchouk M, Mangelberger D, Zabawa H, Dlugosz A. 877 Small T antigen from a folliculotropic polyomavirus activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dlugosz A, Nowak P, D'Amato M, Mohammadian Kermani G, Nyström J, Abdurahman S, Lindberg G. Increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and antiflagellin antibodies in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1747-54. [PMID: 26387872 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune responses to conserved microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin are likely important in microbial-host interactions and intestinal homeostasis. We hypothesized that bacterial translocation and activation of mucosal immunity against common microbial antigens might be involved in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore compared serum levels of LPS, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and flagellin antibodies between patients with different subtypes of IBS and healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed serum obtained from 88 patients (74 females) aged 19(43)-73 years and 106 healthy volunteers (77 females) aged 19(38)-62 years. Diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) was present in 32 patients (36%), 23 patients (26%) had constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS), and 33 patients (38%) had A-IBS. We used ELISA for sCD14 and antiflagellin immunoglobulin G and limulus amebocyte assay for LPS. Abdominal symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using validated questionnaires. KEY RESULTS We found a significantly higher serum level of LPS in patients with D-IBS compared to controls (p = 0.0155). The level of antibodies to flagellin was higher in patients with IBS than in controls (mainly driven by higher levels in D-IBS, p = 0.0018). The levels of sCD14 were lower in D-IBS patients compared to controls (p = 0.0498). We found a weak, but significant correlation between the levels of antiflagellin antibodies and anxiety among IBS patients (ρ = 0.38; p = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results support the concept that immune reactivity to luminal antigens may have a role in the development of D-IBS. The serum level of antiflagellin antibodies was found to correlate with patients' self-reported anxiety score.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dlugosz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Nowak
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M D'Amato
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Mohammadian Kermani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Nyström
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Abdurahman
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Lindberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dlugosz A, Zakikhany K, Muschiol S, Hultenby K, Lindberg G. Infection of human enteroendocrine cells with Chlamydia trachomatis: a possible model for pathogenesis in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:928-34. [PMID: 21883697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, our group detected chlamydial antigens in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) of jejunum biopsies from patients with IBS. Impairment of EEC secretion upon Chlamydia infection might lead to disturbances of gut functions. We have therefore studied the interaction between Chlamydia and EEC in vitro. METHODS Two different human enteroendocrine cell lines were studied: LCC-18 from a neuroendocrine colonic tumour and CNDT2 from a small intestinal carcinoid. Cell lines were infected with C. trachomatis serovar LGV II strain 434. We used Penicillin G for inducing persistent infection. The ultrastructure of infected cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence and we used RT-PCR analysis for studying changes in gene expression at different stages of infection. KEY RESULTS We found that both cell lines could be infected with C. trachomatis yielding productive infections and persistence could be induced using penicillin G. Immunofluorescence showed different cellular distributions of serotonin and chromogranin A in non-infected (cytoplasmatic distribution) compared with infected cells (serotonin and chromogranin mostly in chlamydial inclusions). In line with the microscopical findings, we found a significant down-regulation of the gene coding for the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT1) in infected compared with non-infected EEC (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Altered protein distributions together with down-regulation of VMAT1 suggest that chlamydial infection may influence vesicular transport. It is therefore possible that such an infection in vivo could lead to disturbances in the regulation of gut functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dlugosz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sachs D, Su L, Dlugosz A. Verrucous annular ulcerated hip plaques. Diagnosis: superficial granulomatous pyoderma form of pyoderma gangrenosum. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136:1263-8. [PMID: 11030776 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.136.10.1263-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sachs
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
A modifying effect of potential DNA intercalators, belonging to a group of carbazole, acridine and anthracene derivatives, on the course of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes; PMNL) in the process of phagocytosis was studied. This effect was also examined in reactive-oxygen-species-generating non-cellular reaction systems consisted of myeloperoxidase or xanthine oxidase. Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), which is widely applied to neoplasm therapy, was used as a reference intercalator in the conducted experiments. It was demonstrated that some structurally different derivatives of carbazole inhibited the light emission from N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced neutrophils to the same degree as adriamycin. It can be suggested that the same inhibitory effect was caused by either a different cellular distribution of the derivatives or different interactions of the derivatives with reactive oxygen species in the investigated systems. Measurements of chemiluminescence suggested that the thiol group in one of the carbazole derivatives could strongly interfere with oxidative cell metabolism. In contrast to the analogous derivative of carbazole, both anthracene and acridine derivatives, possessing an N-1'-hydroxyethyl-ethylenodiamino group, induced different increases in chemiluminescence accompanying the process of neutrophil phagocytosis. Cytotoxicity of the investigated derivatives, being tested previously in cancer cells with a sulphorhodamine B assay, was found to possess a specific representation in the complex picture of the derivative-caused modification both of neutrophil and enzymatic non-cellular chemiluminescence. We suggest that chemiluminescence assays may serve as a helpful tool in the primary screening of drug cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sajewicz
- Department of Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Traugutta 57/59, PL-50417 Wroclaw, Poland.
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McBride AA, Dlugosz A, Baker CC. Production of infectious bovine papillomavirus from cloned viral DNA by using an organotypic raft/xenograft technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5534-9. [PMID: 10805809 PMCID: PMC25863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.10.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) induces fibropapillomas in its natural host and can transform fibroblasts in culture. The viral genome is maintained as an episome within fibroblasts, which has allowed extensive genetic analyses of the viral functions required for DNA replication, gene expression, and transformation. Much less is known about BPV-1 gene expression and replication in bovine epithelial cells because the study of the complete viral life cycle requires an experimental system capable of generating a fully differentiated stratified bovine epithelium. Using a combination of organotypic raft cultures and xenografts on nude mice, we have developed a system in which BPV-1 can replicate and produce infectious viral particles. Organotypic cultures were established with bovine keratinocytes plated on a collagen raft containing BPV-1-transformed fibroblasts. These keratinocytes were infected with virus particles isolated from a bovine wart or were transfected with cloned BPV-1 DNA. Several days after the rafts were lifted to the air interface, they were grafted on nude mice. After 6-8 weeks, large xenografts were produced that exhibited a hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epithelium overlying a large dermal fibroma. These lesions were strikingly similar to a fibropapilloma caused by BPV-1 in the natural host. Amplified viral DNA and capsid antigens were detected in the suprabasal cells of the epithelium. Moreover, infectious virus particles could be isolated from these lesions and quantitated by a focus formation assay on mouse cells in culture. Interestingly, analysis of grafts produced with infected and uninfected fibroblasts indicated that the fibroma component was not required for productive infection or morphological changes characteristic of papillomavirus-infected epithelium. This system will be a powerful tool for the genetic analysis of the roles of the viral gene products in the complete viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A McBride
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ding Q, Fukami SI, Meng X, Nishizaki Y, Zhang X, Sasaki H, Dlugosz A, Nakafuku M, Hui CC. Mouse suppressor of fused is a negative regulator of sonic hedgehog signaling and alters the subcellular distribution of Gli1. Curr Biol 1999; 9:1119-22. [PMID: 10531011 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has critical functions during embryogenesis of both invertebrate and vertebrate species [1]; defects in this pathway in humans can cause developmental disorders as well as neoplasia [2]. Although the Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 zinc finger proteins are known to be effectors of Hh signaling in vertebrates, the mechanisms regulating activity of these transcription factors remain poorly understood [3] [4]. In Drosophila, activity of the Gli homolog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is likely to be modulated by its interaction with a cytoplasmic complex containing several other proteins [5] [6], including Costal2, Fused (Fu), and Suppressor of fused (Su(fu)), the last of which has been shown to interact directly with Ci [7]. We have cloned mouse Suppressor of fused (mSu(fu)) and detected its 4.5 kb transcript throughout embryogenesis and in several adult tissues. In cultured cells, mSu(fu) overexpression inhibited transcriptional activation mediated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Gli2. Co-immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins indicated that mSu(fu) interacts with Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3, and that the inhibitory effects of mSu(fu) on Gli1's transcriptional activity were mediated through interactions with both amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of Gli1. Gli1 was localized primarily to the nucleus of both HeLa cells and the Shh-responsive cell line MNS-70; co-expression with mSu(fu) resulted in a striking increase in cytoplasmic Gli1 immunostaining. Our findings indicate that mSu(fu) can function as a negative regulator of Shh signaling and suggest that this effect is mediated by interaction with Gli transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ding
- Program in Developmental Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of Toronto 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 3310 CCGC/Box 0932, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0932, USA.
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Chiang C, Litingtung Y, Bolinger M, Beachy P, Westphal H, Dlugosz A. Targeted disruption of Sonic hedgehog reveals an essential role in hair follicle morphogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(98)83007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hansen LA, Alexander N, Hogan ME, Sundberg JP, Dlugosz A, Threadgill DW, Magnuson T, Yuspa SH. Genetically null mice reveal a central role for epidermal growth factor receptor in the differentiation of the hair follicle and normal hair development. Am J Pathol 1997; 150:1959-75. [PMID: 9176390 PMCID: PMC1858310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice harboring a targeted disruption of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) allele exhibit a severely disorganized hair follicle phenotype, fuzzy coat, and systemic disease resulting in death before 3 weeks. This skin phenotype was reproduced in whole skin grafts and in grafts of EGFR null hair follicle buds onto nude mice, providing a model to evaluate the natural evolution of skin lacking the EGFR. Hair follicles in grafts of null skin did not progress from anagen to telogen and scanning electron micrografts revealed wavy, flattened hair fibers with cuticular abnormalities. Many of the EGFR null hair follicles in the grafted skin were consumed by an inflammatory reaction resulting in complete hair loss in 67% of the grafts by 10 weeks. Localization of follicular differentiation markers including keratin 6, transglutaminase, and the hair keratins mHa2 and hacl-1 revealed a pattern of premature differentiation within the null hair follicles. In intact EGFR null mice, proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis, but not hair follicles, was greatly decreased in the absence of EGFR. In contrast, grafting of EGFR null skin resulted in a hyperplastic response in the epidermis that did not resolve even after 10 weeks, although the wound-induced hyperplasia in EGFR wild-type grafts had resolved within 3 to 4 weeks. Thus, epithelial expression of the EGFR has complex functions in the skin. It is important in delaying follicular differentiation, may serve to protect the hair follicle from immunological reactions, and modifies both normal and wound-induced epidermal proliferation but seems dispensable for follicular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hansen
- Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0001, USA
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Yuspa SH, Punnonen K, Lee E, Hennings H, Strickland J, Cheng C, Glick A, Dlugosz A. The in vitro analysis of biochemical changes relevant to skin carcinogenesis. Recent Results Cancer Res 1993; 128:299-308. [PMID: 8356327 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-84881-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Lee E, Punnonen K, Cheng C, Glick A, Dlugosz A, Yuspa SH. Analysis of phospholipid metabolism in murine keratinocytes transformed by the v-ras oncogene: relationship of phosphatidylinositol turnover and cytokine stimulation to the transformed phenotype. Carcinogenesis 1992; 13:2367-73. [PMID: 1473246 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/13.12.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of a v-rasHa oncogene into cultured mouse keratinocytes by transduction with a defective retrovirus is sufficient to transform keratinocytes to the benign phenotype. Transduced keratinocytes overexpress TGF alpha and hyperproliferate in culture medium with 0.05 mM Ca2+. Whereas normal keratinocytes respond to elevated medium Ca2+ by cessation of proliferation and induction of terminal differentiation, v-rasHa keratinocytes are not induced to differentiate by Ca2+. We now demonstrate that v-rasHa keratinocytes have elevated basal levels of phosphatidylinositol, inositol phosphates and diacylglycerols in 0.05 mM Ca2+ medium. Basal turnover of phosphatidylcholine is not altered by the rasHa oncogene. The generation of inositol phosphates is even further stimulated in v-rasHa cells by an increase in extracellular Ca2+ or by exposure to aluminum fluoride. Thus, the v-rasHa gene product does not stimulate the inositol phospholipid pathway maximally and additional phosphatidylinositol is available for turnover in response to inducers of phospholipase C activity. TGF alpha and medium conditioned by v-rasHa keratinocytes, both of which stimulate proliferation of normal cells in 0.05 mM Ca2+, transiently increased phosphatidylinositol turnover in normal keratinocytes but did not inhibit Ca(2+)-induced terminal differentiation. In contrast, sustained elevation in basal phosphatidylinositol metabolism was produced by aluminum fluoride. Combined exposure to aluminum fluoride and exogenous TGF alpha caused hyperproliferation, resistance to Ca(2+)-induced differentiation and morphological changes identical to those of v-rasHa keratinocytes. These results provide a link between the biological consequences of v-rasHa gene expression and biochemical changes which are known to alter the keratinocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Dlugosz A, Strickland JE, Hennings H, Yuspa SH. 132. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine induces differentiation of neoplastic mouse keratinocytes in vitro and blocks their growth as benign epidermal tumors in vivo. Pharmacotherapy 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0753-3322(92)90217-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The synthesis of novel 1,2,4 triazolo[2,3,4-c,d]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been described from N-substituted amides of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-thio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid 1. Amides 1 treated with 80% hydrazine hydrate, followed by aqueous-ethanolic formaldehyde form substituted triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidines which cyclize in pyridine to triazolopyrimidopyrimidine derivatives 4. Attention has been paid to the synthesis of the 4-arylidenehydrazinopyrimidines 3. Some compounds have been tested for antibacterial and anticancer activities and for action on CNS.
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Holtzer H, Forry-Schaudies S, Dlugosz A, Antin P, Dubyak G. Interactions between IFs, microtubules, and myofibrils in fibrogenic and myogenic cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 455:106-25. [PMID: 2867727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb50407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tatò F, Alemà S, Dlugosz A, Boettiger D, Holtzer H, Cossu G, Pacifici M. Development of 'revertant' myotubes in cultures of Rous sarcoma virus transformed avian myogenic cells. Differentiation 1983; 24:131-9. [PMID: 6309590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1983.tb01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Croop J, Dubyak G, Toyama Y, Dlugosz A, Scarpa A, Holtzer H. Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on Myofibril integrity and Ca2+ content in developing myotubes. Dev Biol 1982; 89:460-74. [PMID: 7035257 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Machoń Z, Dlugosz A. Synthesis of some 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 1973; 25:579-85. [PMID: 4792478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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