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Zhang YS, Chang JB, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Aleman J, Batzaya B, Krishnadoss V, Ramanujam AA, Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Chen F, Tillberg PW, Dokmeci MR, Boyden ES, Khademhosseini A. Hybrid Microscopy: Enabling Inexpensive High-Performance Imaging through Combined Physical and Optical Magnifications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22691. [PMID: 26975883 PMCID: PMC4792139 DOI: 10.1038/srep22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, much effort has been expended on making high-performance microscopes through better instrumentation. Recently, it was discovered that physical magnification of specimens was possible, through a technique called expansion microscopy (ExM), raising the question of whether physical magnification, coupled to inexpensive optics, could together match the performance of high-end optical equipment, at a tiny fraction of the price. Here we show that such "hybrid microscopy" methods--combining physical and optical magnifications--can indeed achieve high performance at low cost. By physically magnifying objects, then imaging them on cheap miniature fluorescence microscopes ("mini-microscopes"), it is possible to image at a resolution comparable to that previously attainable only with benchtop microscopes that present costs orders of magnitude higher. We believe that this unprecedented hybrid technology that combines expansion microscopy, based on physical magnification, and mini-microscopy, relying on conventional optics--a process we refer to as Expansion Mini-Microscopy (ExMM)--is a highly promising alternative method for performing cost-effective, high-resolution imaging of biological samples. With further advancement of the technology, we believe that ExMM will find widespread applications for high-resolution imaging particularly in research and healthcare scenarios in undeveloped countries or remote places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | | | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Byambaa Batzaya
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Vaishali Krishnadoss
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Aishwarya Aravamudhan Ramanujam
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Paul W. Tillberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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