1
|
Is polypharmacy a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in older adults? A case-control study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105363. [PMID: 38367525 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of aspiration pneumonia and the number of medicines prescribed increase with older age. Many medicines pose a risk for aspiration pneumonia, especially those that decrease swallowing function. Older adults with polypharmacy often receive a combination of these medicines. This study aimed to clarify whether polypharmacy is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia. METHODS Older adults aged ≥ 65 years receiving oral medicines were included in this case-control study. Patients hospitalized for pneumonia served as the case group, and other age-matched hospitalized patients served as the control group. Patient data were collected retrospectively, and logistic regression analysis was performed using items that showed significant differences in the univariate analysis as explanatory variables. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of medicines was not a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia; however, it was associated with the Functional Oral Intake Scale score, male sex, body mass index, and number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION Although polypharmacy is often defined only by the number of medicines, it is not a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia. A detailed comparison of prescription medicines between the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups is necessary.
Collapse
|
2
|
Verrucous gastritis-like lesion in intramucosal Helicobacter pylori-uninfected signet ring cell carcinoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2024; 17:412-418. [PMID: 38520641 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-024-01952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In Japan, accessible Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy is associated with an increase in the prevalence of gastric cancers (GCs) in Hp uninfected stomachs. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is the most common of these GCs. Intramucosal SRCC with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) occurring in Hp uninfected gastric mucosa is rare; furthermore, many Hp uninfected pure SRCCs exhibit discoloration and flat or slightly depressed lesions, and morphological elevation is relatively rare. We report a case of intramucosal SRCC with PDA with an elevated, verrucous gastritis-like lesion in a 57-year-old male patient. In the present case, the PDA area showed dense tumor cell growth and coexisting desmoplastic and fibrotic reactions. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining identified extensive fibromuscular obliteration with smooth muscle bundles extending from the muscularis mucosa into the lamina propria. The patient underwent curative endoscopic submucosal dissection. The reporting and analysis of such rare cases may lead to a better understanding of the characteristics of advanced Hp uninfected GCs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Long-term prognosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal cancer in older adult patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38745162 PMCID: PMC11091999 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in older individuals with comorbidities remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ESD and additional treatment for ESCC in older adult patients. METHODS The clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of 398 consecutive older adult patients (≥ 65 years) with 505 lesions who underwent ESD for ESCC at the Hiroshima University Hospital between September 2007 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Additionally, the prognoses of 381 patients who were followed up for > 3 years were assessed. RESULTS The mean patient age and procedure time were 73.1 ± 5.8 years and 77.1 ± 43.5 min, respectively. The histological en bloc resection rate was 98% (496/505). Postoperative stenosis, perforation, pneumonia, and delayed bleeding were conservatively treated in 82 (16%), 19 (4%), 15 (3%), and 5 (1%) patients, respectively. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 78.9% and 98.0%, respectively (mean follow-up time: 71.1 ± 37.3 months). Multivariate analysis showed that age and the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status class ≥III (hazard ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.59, p = 0.0392) were independently associated with overall survival. A significantly lower overall survival rate was observed in the high-risk follow-up group than in the low-risk follow-up and high-risk additional treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, no significant difference in disease-specific survival was observed among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS ESD is safe for ESCC treatment in patients aged ≥ 65 years. However, additional treatments should be considered based on the patient's general condition.
Collapse
|
4
|
Analysis of anti-tumor effect and mechanism of GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 in colorectal cancer using a stroma-abundant tumor model. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104896. [PMID: 38703552 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism in cancer cells, acts as a tumor promoter and could be a potential therapeutic target. CB-839, a GLS1-specific inhibitor, was developed recently. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of action of CB-839 in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Using the UCSC Xena public database, we evaluated GLS1 expression in various cancers. Immunostaining for GLS1 was performed on 154 surgically resected human CRC specimens. Subsequently, we examined the GLS1 mRNA expression levels in eight CRC cell lines and evaluated the association between GLS1 expression and CB-839 efficacy. To create a reproducible CRC model with abundant stroma and an allogeneic immune response, we co-transplanted CT26 and stem cells into BALB/c mice and treated them with CB-839. Finally, RNA sequencing of mouse tumors was performed. RESULTS Database analysis showed higher GLS1 expression in CRC tissues than in normal colon tissues. Clinical samples from 114 of the 154 patients with CRC showed positive GLS1 expression. GLS1 expression in clinical CRC tissues correlated with vascular invasion. CB-839 treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation depending on GLS1 expression in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in the CRC mouse model. RNA sequencing revealed that CB-839 treatment inhibited stromal activation, tumor growth, migration, and angiogenesis. These findings were validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical specimen analysis. CONCLUSIONS GLS1 expression in CRC plays important roles in tumor progression. CB-839 has inhibitory effects on cancer proliferation and the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of transmembrane serine protease 4 on the survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Surg Today 2024:10.1007/s00595-024-02824-y. [PMID: 38637344 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transmembrane serine protease 4 (TMPRSS4) gene is upregulated in various human cancers. However, its biological functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. We examined the expression of TMPRSS4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery. METHODS The TMPRSS4 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 81 PDAC patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We analyzed the association between the TMPRSS4 expression and clinicopathological factors, the recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the overall survival (OS) and examined the effect of TMPRSS4 expression on cell migration and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS The expression rate of TMPRSS4 in the samples was 62.9% (51/81). The TMPRSS4 expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological feature. The five-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly lower in the TMPRSS4-positive group than in the TMPRSS4-negative group. On a multivariate analysis, TMPRSS4 positivity, poorly differentiated histology, and non-adjuvant chemotherapy predicted a poor OS, while TMPRSS4 positivity and poorly differentiated histology predicted a poor RFS. TMPRSS4-silenced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells showed higher sensitivity to 5- fluorouracil than did the control siRNA-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS4 can be considered a prognostic factor and therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of physical frailty on maximum phonation time in community-dwelling older individuals who visited a neurology outpatient clinic. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 38616536 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximum phonation time (MPT) is used to assess speech and other oral rehabilitation-related issues. Various factors contribute to MPT decline in older individuals. Although the impact of physical frailty on MPT has been suggested, this has not been conclusively determined. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between MPT and physical frailty in community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who were independently mobile. MPT-associated factors were investigated. METHODS This cross-sectional study analysed the clinical data of 122 patients (age [interquartile range]: 80.0 [74.0-83.0] years) without dementia who visited a neurology department between 1 February 2021 and 31 January 2023. Investigated factors included age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, smoking history, grip strength, functional independence measure, vital capacity, oral diadochokinesis, MPT and the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study score. Physical frailty was assessed based on the total score from five items (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity). The relationship between MPT and physical frailty was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The MPT was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.347, p < .01) and physical frailty (r = -0.681, p < .01) and positively correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.474, p < .01) and height (r = 0.248, p < .01). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis, conducted with MPT as the dependent variable, demonstrated that physical frailty (β = -.59, 95% confidence interval: -0.74 to 0.43, p < .001) had a strong influence on MPT. CONCLUSION In older individuals, MPT is associated with physical frailty. When assessing MPT in clinical settings, it is advisable to perform a concurrent assessment of physical frailty.
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of root-colonizing fungi on pioneer Pinus thunbergii seedlings in primary successional volcanic mudflow on Kuchinoerabu Island, Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:57-67. [PMID: 38502187 PMCID: PMC10998786 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Root-colonizing fungi, such as mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte fungi, are often found on pioneer plant species during early primary succession. However, little is known about which fungal species are responsible for the establishment of pioneer plants when these symbionts colonize simultaneously. We investigated the root-colonizing fungal communities of Pinus thunbergii that established prior to lichens, bryophytes, and short-lived herbaceous plants in a primary successional volcanic mudflow site on Kuchinoerabu Island, Japan. We collected a total of 54 current-year and 1- to 2-year-old seedlings. The colonization of root fungi was evaluated by direct observation of key structures (e.g., mantle, arbuscule, microsclerotia, and hyphae) and molecular analysis. Of the 34 current-year seedlings collected, only 12 individuals were colonized by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. By contrast, all 1- to 2-year-old seedlings were colonized by ECM fungi. Seedlings colonized by pine-specific ECM fungi, specifically Rhizopogon roseolus and Suillus granulatus, showed higher nitrogen and phosphorus contents in their needles compared to non-ECM seedlings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte fungi were found in only two and three individuals, respectively. The high density of mycophagous deer on Kuchinoerabu-jima may contribute to the favored dispersal of ECM fungi over other root-colonizing fungi. In conclusion, the seedling establishment of P. thunbergii at the volcanic mudflow may be largely supported by ECM fungi, with negligible effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Colonic invasive adenocarcinoma with squamoid morules: A case report. DEN OPEN 2024; 4:e330. [PMID: 38264462 PMCID: PMC10804143 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal adenomas with squamoid morules are rare; however, colorectal adenocarcinomas are even rarer. Herein, we present a case of colorectal adenocarcinoma with squamoid morules arising from the transverse colon. A 60-year-old Japanese man underwent a colonoscopy, and a Type 0-Is polyp was detected in the transverse colon. The endoscopic findings suggested a high possibility of carcinoma invasion into the deep submucosa. However, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed due to the patient's preference. Histopathologically, the tumor cells mostly formed atypical glandular structures corresponding to adenocarcinomas. Solid nests were observed in parts of the tumor, composed of round, small to short spindles. Immunohistochemically, p63 was positive in some areas, CK20 was negative, and the Ki-67 positive cell rate was almost zero, suggesting a squamoid morule. Based on the above findings, colorectal adenocarcinoma with a squamoid morule was diagnosed; only the fifth case was reported worldwide. Squamoid morules should be carefully differentiated from squamous components of adenosquamous carcinomas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by maximal inspiratory pressure and diaphragmatic excursion with ultrasound sonography. Respir Investig 2024; 62:234-239. [PMID: 38237482 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased respiratory muscle strength and muscle mass is key in diagnosing respiratory sarcopenia. However, the role of reduced diaphragm activity, expressed as the maximal level of diaphragmatic excursion (DEmax), in diagnosing respiratory sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize patients with COPD and low DEmax and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), a measure of inspiratory muscle strength, and assess the role of DEmax in respiratory sarcopenia. METHODS Patients with COPD underwent spirometry, exercise tolerance (VO2peak) test, and MIP measurement. DEmax and sternocleidomastoid thickness at the maximal inspiratory level (TscmMIL) were assessed using ultrasound sonography. RESULTS Overall, 58 patients with COPD (median age, 76 years; median %FEV1, 51.3 %) were included, 28 of whom showed a %MIP of ≥80 %, defined as having preserved MIP. Based on the %MIP of 80 % and median value of DEmax (48.0 mm) as thresholds, the patients were stratified into four groups: both-high (n = 18), %MIP-alone low (n = 11), DEmax-alone low (n = 10), and both-low (n = 19) groups. The both-low group exhibited the lowest %FEV1, Δinspiratory capacity, VO2peak, and TscmMIL, and these values were significantly lower than those of the both-high group. Except for %FEV1, these values were significantly lower in the both-low group than in the %MIP-alone low group despite adjusting DEmax level for body mass index. CONCLUSION Measuring DEmax along with MIP can characterize patients with COPD, reduced exercise capacity, and decreased accessory respiratory muscle mass and can help diagnose respiratory sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
10
|
Clinicopathological and genomic features of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in nondrinker, nonsmoker females. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7078. [PMID: 38457229 PMCID: PMC10923044 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is sometimes detected in non-drinker and non-smoker females who are considered to have very low risk of ESCC development in daily practice. This study examined the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of ESCCs in females with no history of drinking and smoking. METHODS The sample comprised 118 ESCC lesions occurring in 95 female patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at our department between January 2008 and December 2019. The patients were categorized into two groups: 51 lesions in 49 patients with no history of drinking and smoking (nondrinker/nonsmoker [NDNS] group) and 69 lesions in 45 patients with a history of drinking or smoking (drinker/smoker [DS] group). We analyzed the differences in clinicopathological and cancerous genomic characteristics between the groups. Significant genomic alterations were validated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression revealed that older age, fewer multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs), and reflux esophagitis (RE) were independently associated with the occurrence of ESCCs in the NDNS group. ESCC lesions in the NDNS group were predominantly located in the mid-thoracic esophagus, posterior wall side, with 0-IIa, the aspect ratio of the lesion >2 (vertical/horizontal), and endoscopic keratinization. Genetic analysis showed that CDKN2A driver alterations were significantly more frequent and KMT2D alterations were significantly less frequent in the NDNS group than in the DS group. KMT2D alterations were strongly correlated with immunostaining. CONCLUSION Older nondrinker, nonsmoker females with RE and fewer multiple LVLs may develop longitudinal 0-IIa ESCC with keratinization of the posterior wall of the mid-thoracic esophagus. ESCCs in nondrinker, nonsmoker females had fewer KMT2D alterations and more CDKN2A alterations, which may be a biomarker for treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of Cation Composition in Dolomites on the Intact Particles Sampled from Asteroid Ryugu. Anal Chem 2024; 96:170-178. [PMID: 38155534 PMCID: PMC10783172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the elemental distribution of samples with rough surfaces has been strongly desired for the analysis of various natural and artificial materials. Particularly for pristine and rare analytes with micrometer sizes embedded on specimen surfaces, non-invasive and matrix effect-free analysis is required without surface polishing treatment. To satisfy these requirements, we proposed a new method employing the sequential combination of two imaging modalities, i.e., microenergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and Raman micro-spectroscopy. The applicability of the developed method is tested by the quantitative analysis of cation composition in micrometer-sized carbonate grains on the surfaces of intact particles sampled directly from the asteroid Ryugu. The first step of micro-XRF imaging enabled a quick search for the sparsely scattered and micrometer-sized carbonates by the codistributions of Ca2+ and Mn2+ on the Mg2+- and Fe2+-rich phyllosilicate matrix. The following step of Raman micro-spectroscopy probed the carbonate grains and analyzed their cation composition (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ + Mn2+) in a matrix effect-free manner via the systematic Raman shifts of the lattice modes. The carbonates were basically assigned to ferroan dolomite bearing a considerable amount of Fe2+ + Mn2+ at around 10 atom %. These results are in good accordance with the assignments reported by scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, where the thin-sectioned and surface-polished Ryugu particles were applicable. The proposed method requires neither sectioning nor surface polishing; hence, it can be applied to the remote sensing apparatus on spacecrafts and planetary rovers. Furthermore, the non-invasive and matrix effect-free characterization will provide a reliable analytical tool for quantitative analysis of the elemental distribution on the samples with surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity at a micrometer scale, such as art paintings, traditional crafts with decorated shapes, as well as sands and rocks with complex morphologies in nature.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Enteroblastic Differentiation Resected through Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Case Report. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2024; 18:68-73. [PMID: 38333765 PMCID: PMC10852983 DOI: 10.1159/000535954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is a rare histological type of gastric adenocarcinoma that occurs in the stomach and is known for its aggressive behavior. GAED is diagnosed histopathologically and is often advanced at the time of diagnosis. Case Presentation We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a 20-mm superficial depressed lesion on the anterior wall of the antrum. Histological examination of the endoscopic submucosal dissection specimen revealed that the tumor was composed of dilated or slit-like branching tubules; additionally, the tumor cells had clear cytoplasm resembling that of the fetal digestive tract. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein. A pathological diagnosis of GAEDs was established. GAED was found in approximately 30% of all the tumor cells and showed lymphatic invasion. The patient has been under recurrence-free follow-up for approximately 1 year after the endoscopic submucosal dissection. Conclusion In order to detect a large number of cases, immunostaining should be aggressively performed if morphological findings are suspicious for GAED.
Collapse
|
13
|
Quantitative trait loci mapping of innate fear behavior in day-old F2 chickens of Japanese Oh-Shamo and White Leghorn breeds using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103228. [PMID: 37989001 PMCID: PMC10667749 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanisms that underlie innate fear behavior is essential for improving the management and performance of the poultry industry. This study aimed to map QTL associated with innate fear responses in open field (OF) and tonic immobility (TI) tests, using an F2 chicken intercross population between 2 behaviorally distinct breeds: the aggressive Japanese Oh-Shamo (OSM) and the docile White Leghorn T-line (WL-T). Genome-wide QTL analysis for the OF and TI traits was conducted using 2,109 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). While several suggestive QTL were identified for TI and OF traits at genome-wide 20% significance threshold levels, the analysis revealed 2 significant QTL for 2 OF traits (total distance and maximum speed) at genome-wide 5% significance threshold levels. These significant QTL were located between 12.34 and 30.49 megabase (Mb) on chromosome 1 and between 40.02 and 63.38 Mb on chromosome 2, explaining 6.75 to 7.40% of the total variances. These findings provide valuable insights for the poultry industry, particularly in refining chicken management strategies and informing targeted breeding efforts.
Collapse
|
14
|
IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3 is associated with cancer stemness and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pathobiology 2023:000535542. [PMID: 38104546 DOI: 10.1159/000535542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of malignancy, with poor prognosis and rising incidence. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) is a member of the IQGAPs family of scaffolding proteins that govern multiple cellular activities like cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular signal transduction. This study aimed to analyze the expression and biological function of IQGAP3 in PDAC. METHODS We analyzed IQGAP3 expression in 81 PDAC samples by immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was used to inhibit IQGAP3 expression in PDAC cell lines. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of IQGAP3 showed that 54.3% of PDACs were positive for cytoplasmic expression of IQGAP3, with no expression found in non-neoplastic tissue. Furthermore, IQGAP3 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in our immunostaining-based studies and analyses of public databases. Our cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that IQGAP3 is co-localized with kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1), which we previously reported as a cancer stem cell-associated protein. IQGAP3 siRNA treatment decreased PDAC cell proliferation and spheroid colony formation via ERK and AKT pathways. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These results suggest that IQGAP3, a transmembrane protein, is involved in survival and stemness and may be a promising new therapeutic target for PDAC.
Collapse
|
15
|
[Surgical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Upper Gastric Cancer and Verification of the Validity of Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2023; 50:1668-1670. [PMID: 38303377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy(LPG)for upper gastric cancer is still inadequate. We verified the validity of LPG by comparing the surgical outcomes of 15 cases who underwent LPG(PG group)and 14 cases who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy(TG group)in 29 cases who underwent laparoscopic surgery for upper gastric cancer at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2022. As a patient background, the PG group was significantly older(p=0.03)than the TG group and tended to have more high-risk cases(p=0.12). As a tumor factor, cancer progression tended to be earlier in the PG group(p=0.05). As a surgical(short-term)outcomes, although the range of lymph nodes dissection was narrow (p<0.01)and the amount of blood loss was significantly lower(p=0.01)in the PG group, there was no difference in operation time or postoperative complications between the 2 groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in the rate of weight loss, the rate of change in nutritional indicators in the medium-term(1 year after surgery), or the long-term prognosis.
Collapse
|
16
|
New Behavioral Handling Test Reveals Temperament Differences in Native Japanese Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3556. [PMID: 38003175 PMCID: PMC10668715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known in the poultry industry that fear and stress experienced during the handling of day-old chicks in commercial hatcheries can have long-lasting effects on their behavior later in life. These hatchery-related stresses are more intense and complex than those encountered in traditional behavioral tests. Consequently, a single behavioral test may not be sufficient to measure hatchery stresses and chicken temperament. In this study, we developed a new behavioral handling test for day-old chickens, which incorporated concepts from established behavioral tests used with both young and adult birds. The new test assessed 10 behavioral traits, including vocalization frequency and responses to human interaction. It was conducted on 96 two-day-old chicks from seven breeds of native Japanese and Western chickens. The results of the principal component analysis classified chicken temperaments into three distinct categories: bustle, aggression, and timidity. Using these categories, the seven breeds were classified into five groups, each with distinct temperaments. This study highlights the reliability and value of the new handling test in characterizing the temperaments of various chicken breeds and provides insights into the complex behaviors of chickens.
Collapse
|
17
|
Water circulation in Ryugu asteroid affected the distribution of nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies in returned sample. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7048. [PMID: 37939187 PMCID: PMC10631728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of material returned from Cb asteroid Ryugu have revealed considerable mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity, stemming primarily from brecciation and aqueous alteration. Isotopic anomalies could have also been affected by delivery of exogenous clasts and aqueous mobilization of soluble elements. Here, we show that isotopic anomalies for mildly soluble Cr are highly variable in Ryugu and CI chondrites, whereas those of Ti are relatively uniform. This variation in Cr isotope ratios is most likely due to physicochemical fractionation between 54Cr-rich presolar nanoparticles and Cr-bearing secondary minerals at the millimeter-scale in the bulk samples, likely due to extensive aqueous alteration in their parent bodies that occurred [Formula: see text] after Solar System birth. In contrast, Ti isotopes were marginally affected by this process. Our results show that isotopic heterogeneities in asteroids are not all nebular or accretionary in nature but can also reflect element redistribution by water.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tests of Light-Lepton Universality in Angular Asymmetries of B^{0}→D^{*-}ℓν Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:181801. [PMID: 37977641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive tests of the universality of the light leptons in the angular distributions of semileptonic B^{0}-meson decays to charged spin-1 charmed mesons. We measure five angular-asymmetry observables as functions of the decay recoil that are sensitive to lepton-universality-violating contributions. We use events where one neutral B is fully reconstructed in ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] decays in data corresponding to 189 fb^{-1} integrated luminosity from electron-positron collisions collected with the Belle II detector. We find no significant deviation from the standard model expectations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume high-intensity interval training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1165-1174. [PMID: 37712928 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for weight loss has become prevalent in recent years, with increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) as the mechanism. However, the influence of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation following low-volume HIIT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on the increase in EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume HIIT. METHODS Twelve eumenorrheic women participated during their early follicular and luteal phases. On each experimental day, they performed low-volume HIIT comprising fifteen repeated 8 s sprint cycling tests with 12 s rests, for 5 min. Expired gas samples were collected before and every 60 min until 180 min post-exercise. EPOC was defined as the increase in oxygen consumption from the resting state, and the total EPOC and fat oxidation were calculated from the total time of each measurement. Blood samples for serum estradiol, progesterone, free fatty acids, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma noradrenaline were collected and assessed before immediately after, and at 180 min post-exercise and were assessed. RESULTS Serum estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase (P<0.01 for both). No significant differences in total EPOC and fat oxidation were found between the menstrual phases. Serum free fatty acid, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma noradrenaline concentrations were not affected by the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the menstrual cycle does not affect the increase in EPOC or fat oxidation after low-volume HIIT.
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in transgender men. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1294284. [PMID: 38028805 PMCID: PMC10644819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1294284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in transgender men (TM) results in side effects such as elevated triglycerides and increased arterial stiffness. Exercise may be useful to ameliorate such effects, but no studies have examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise in TM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness in TM. Thirty-six participants were included, comprising 12 TM (duration of TRT: 57.4 ± 30.3 months), 12 males and 12 females. All participants performed acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 min. Arterial stiffness as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured before exercise (Pre), 30 min after exercise (Post30), and 60 min after exercise (Post60). Serum sex hormone levels, and serum lipid profile were determined only before exercise. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels before exercise were significantly higher in TM than in males or females (males: p < 0.01; females: p < 0.05). At all points, baPWV in TM was significantly higher than in females (p < 0.05) and significantly lower than in males (p < 0.05). However, when comparing changes in baPWV over time in each group, significant decreases in Post30 and Post60 were seen in males compared to Pre (both p < 0.05), but no significant change after aerobic exercise was seen in TM or females. These results suggest that acute aerobic exercise yield different effects in TM than in males, but is unlikely to reduce arterial stiffness in TM receiving TRT.
Collapse
|
21
|
Precise Measurement of the D_{s}^{+} Lifetime at Belle II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171803. [PMID: 37955504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We measure the lifetime of the D_{s}^{+} meson using a data sample of 207 fb^{-1} collected by the Belle II experiment running at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The lifetime is determined by fitting the decay-time distribution of a sample of 116×10^{3} D_{s}^{+}→ϕπ^{+} decays. Our result is τ_{D_{s}^{+}}=(499.5±1.7±0.9) fs, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This result is significantly more precise than previous measurements.
Collapse
|
22
|
Quantitative emphysema on computed tomography imaging of chest is a risk factor for prognosis of esophagectomy: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35547. [PMID: 37832075 PMCID: PMC10578713 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The low attenuation area percentage (LAA%) is gaining popularity. LAA% is an index of quantitative emphysema on computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest. This study aims to retrospectively investigate whether preoperative LAA% is associated with postoperative prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled for esophagectomy. From January 2016 to March 2020, 105 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy via right thoracotomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A Synapse Vincent volume analyzer (Fujifilm Medical, Tokyo, Japan) was used for measurement. The software automatically quantified LAA% using a threshold of less than - 950 Hounsfield units on CT images of lung regions. Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed in univariable and multivariable forms. Estimates of the receiver operating curve are used to determine the cutoff value for death of LAA%, and the binary value is then inserted into Cox proportional hazard analyses. The preoperative LAA% cutoff value was ≥ 6.3%. Patients with a preoperative LAA% ≥6.3% had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a preoperative LAA% of < 6.3%. LAA% ≥6.3% (hazard ratio: 6.76; 95% confidence interval: 2.56-17.90, P < .001) was the most influential preoperative factor for overall survival after esophagectomy in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. LAA% is one of the preoperative risk factors for survival after esophagectomy and an indicator of lung condition using routinely performed preoperative CT images. We quantified the extent of preoperative emphysema in patients with esophageal cancer, who were scheduled for surgery, and for the first time, reported LAA% as one of the preoperative risk factors for survival after esophagectomy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kinesin Family Member B18 Is Related to Gastric Mucin Phenotype and Contributes to Gastric Cancer Progression by Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Oncology 2023; 102:354-365. [PMID: 37812924 DOI: 10.1159/000533791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common health concern worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in Japan. It can be broadly classified into gastric and intestinal mucin phenotypes using immunohistochemistry. We previously reported numerous associations of kinesin family member (KIF) genes and mucin phenotypes with GC. However, no previous studies have reported on the importance of KIF18B in GC using immunostaining. Thus, in this study, we investigated the expression and functions of KIF18B, which is highly expressed in gastric mucin phenotype GC. METHODS We performed RNA-seq of gastric and intestinal mucin type GCs, and clinicopathological studies of the KIF18B we found were performed using 96 GC cases. We also performed functional analysis using GC-derived cell lines. RESULT RNA-seq showed the upregulation of matrisome-associated genes in gastric mucin phenotype GC and a high expression of KIF18B. KIF18B was detected in 52 of the 96 GC cases (54%) through immunohistochemistry. Low KIF18B expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.01). Other molecules that were significantly associated with KIF18B were MUC5AC and claudin 18; these were also significantly associated with the gastric mucin phenotype. KIF18B small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected GC cells showed greater growth and spheroid colony formation than the negative control siRNA-transfected cells. Furthermore, expression of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and cadherin 2 was significantly increased and that of cadherin 1 was significantly decreased in KIF18B siRNA-transfected GC cells. CONCLUSION These findings not only suggest that KIF18B may be a useful prognostic marker, but also provide insight into the pathogenesis of the GC phenotype.
Collapse
|
24
|
MCM4 expression is associated with high-grade histology, tumor progression and poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:106. [PMID: 37737200 PMCID: PMC10515259 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported Minichromosome maintenance 4 (MCM4) overexpression in gastric cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been investigated. To clarify the clinicopathological significance of MCM4 in UC, we investigated MCM4 expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS We analyzed the expression and distribution of MCM4 in 124 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) samples by IHC. Additionally, using 108 urine samples, we analyzed MCM4 Immunocytochemistry (ICC) expression in urine cytology. RESULTS In normal urothelium, MCM4 expression was weak or absent. Meanwhile, the strong nuclear expression of MCM4 was observed in UTUC tissues, and it was detected in 77 (62%) of a total of 124 UTUC cases. MCM4-positive UTUC cases were associated with nodular/flat morphology, high grade, high T stage, and poor prognosis. Moreover, MCM4 expression was significantly higher in the invasive front than in the tumor surface. Similar results were also obtained in TCGA bladder cancer cohort. Additionally, MCM4 expression was associated with high expression of Ki-67, HER2, EGFR, and p53 in UTUC. Among representative cancer-related molecules, MCM4 had an independent predictive value for progression-free survival and high-grade UC. ICC for MCM4 was also performed on urine cytology slides and showed that the nuclear expression of MCM4 was more frequently found in UC cells than in non-neoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved by combining MCM4 immunostaining with cytology. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MCM4 might be a useful predictive biomarker for high-grade histology, tumor progression and poor prognosis in UC. Moreover, ICC for MCM4 might be helpful for UC detection as additional markers in the cytomorphology-based diagnosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Search for a τ^{+}τ^{-} Resonance in e^{+}e^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}τ^{+}τ^{-} Events with the Belle II Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:121802. [PMID: 37802942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first search for a nonstandard-model resonance decaying into τ pairs in e^{+}e^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}τ^{+}τ^{-} events in the 3.6-10 GeV/c^{2} mass range. We use a 62.8 fb^{-1} sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider. The analysis probes three different models predicting a spin-1 particle coupling only to the heavier lepton families, a Higgs-like spin-0 particle that couples preferentially to charged leptons (leptophilic scalar), and an axionlike particle, respectively. We observe no evidence for a signal and set exclusion limits at 90% confidence level on the product of cross section and branching fraction into τ pairs, ranging from 0.7 to 24 fb, and on the couplings of these processes. We obtain world-leading constraints on the couplings for the leptophilic scalar model for masses above 6.5 GeV/c^{2} and for the axionlike particle model over the entire mass range.
Collapse
|
26
|
Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{0} Decays at Belle II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:111803. [PMID: 37774261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the CP-violating parameters C and S in B^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{0} decays at Belle II using a sample of 387×10^{6} BB[over ¯] events recorded in e^{+}e^{-} collisions at a center-of-mass energy corresponding to the ϒ(4S) resonance. These parameters are determined by fitting the proper decay-time distribution of a sample of 415 signal events. We obtain C=-0.04_{-0.15}^{+0.14}±0.05 and S=0.75_{-0.23}^{+0.20}±0.04, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Collapse
|
27
|
Clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and possible application in urine cytology. Pathol Int 2023; 73:444-455. [PMID: 37589430 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
βIII-Tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is a microtubule protein. We previously reported that TUBB3 is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of TUBB3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissue, TUBB3 expression was weak or absent. In contrast, TUBB3 overexpression was observed in urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissues in 51 (49%) of 103 UTUC cases. TUBB3 overexpression was associated with nodular/flat morphology, high-grade disease, high T stage, and a poor prognosis. Similar results were obtained in The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer cohort. TUBB3 expression was also associated with high Ki-67 labeling index, CD44v9, HER2, EGFR, and p53 expression in UTUC. Among representative cancer-related molecules, TUBB3 was an independent predictor of progression-free survival and high-grade UC. Finally, using urine cytology samples, we analyzed TUBB3 expression by immunocytochemistry. TUBB3 expression was more frequently found in UC cells than in nonneoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved when combined with TUBB3 immunostaining. The findings suggest the importance of TUBB3 in tumor progression and its potential application as a biomarker for high-grade disease and the prognosis of UC. Moreover, combination with TUBB3 immunostaining might improve the diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.
Collapse
|
28
|
C3H/HeNSlc mouse with low phospholipid transfer protein expression showed dyslipidemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13813. [PMID: 37620514 PMCID: PMC10449841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase the risk of coronary heart disease in humans. Herein, we first reported that the C3H/HeNSlc (C3H-S) mouse, a C3H/HeN-derived substrain, is a novel model for dyslipidemia. C3H-S showed hypertriglyceridemia and low total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and phospholipid (PL) concentrations. To identify the gene locus causing dyslipidemia in C3H-S, we performed genetic analysis. In F2 intercrosses between C3H-S mice and strains with normal serum lipids, the locus associated with serum lipids was identified as 163-168 Mb on chromosome 2. The phospholipid transfer protein (Pltp) gene was a candidate gene within this locus. Pltp expression and serum PLTP activity were markedly lower in C3H-S mice. Pltp expression was negatively correlated with serum TG and positively correlated with serum TC and HDL-C in F2 mice. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequence called intracisternal A particle was inserted into intron 12 of Pltp in C3H-S. These results suggest that ERV insertion within Pltp causes aberrant splicing, leading to reduced Pltp expression in C3H-S. This study demonstrated the contribution of C3H-S to our understanding of the relationship between TG, TC, and PL metabolism via PLTP.
Collapse
|
29
|
Test of Light-Lepton Universality in the Rates of Inclusive Semileptonic B-Meson Decays at Belle II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:051804. [PMID: 37595249 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B-meson decays, R(X_{e/μ})=B(B→Xeν)/B(B→Xμν), a precision test of electron-muon universality, using data corresponding to 189 fb^{-1} from electron-positron collisions collected with the Belle II detector. In events where the partner B meson is fully reconstructed, we use fits to the lepton momentum spectra above 1.3 GeV/c to obtain R(X_{e/μ})=1.007±0.009(stat)±0.019(syst), which is the most precise lepton-universality test of its kind and agrees with the standard-model expectation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1003. [PMID: 37450600 PMCID: PMC10348677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu's rubble pile origin.
Collapse
|
31
|
First Measurement of the Michel Parameter ξ^{'} in the τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ} Decay at Belle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:021801. [PMID: 37505960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the Michel parameter ξ^{'} in the τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ} decay with a new method proposed just recently. The measurement is based on the reconstruction of the τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ} events with subsequent muon decay in flight in the Belle central drift chamber. The analyzed data sample of 988 fb^{-1} collected by the Belle detector corresponds to approximately 912×10^{6} τ^{+}τ^{-} pairs. We measure ξ^{'}=0.22±0.94(stat)±0.42(syst), which is in agreement with the standard model prediction of ξ^{'}=1. Statistical uncertainty dominates in this study, being a limiting factor, while systematic uncertainty is well under control. Our analysis proved the practicability of this promising method and its prospects for further precise measurement in future experiments.
Collapse
|
32
|
Correction to: Primary succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Alnus sieboldiana on Izu-Oshima Island, Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:289. [PMID: 37347306 PMCID: PMC10442249 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
|
33
|
Search for the Lepton Flavor Violating Decays B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{±}ℓ^{∓} (ℓ=e, μ) at Belle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:261802. [PMID: 37450824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decays B^{+}→K^{+}τ^{±}ℓ^{∓}, with ℓ=(e,μ), using the full data sample of 772×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We use events in which one B meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode. We find no evidence for B^{±}→K^{±}τℓ decays and set upper limits on their branching fractions at the 90% confidence level in the (1-3)×10^{-5} range. The obtained limits are the world's best results.
Collapse
|
34
|
Search for an Invisible Z^{'} in a Final State with Two Muons and Missing Energy at Belle II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:231801. [PMID: 37354391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The L_{μ}-L_{τ} extension of the standard model predicts the existence of a lepton-flavor-universality-violating Z^{'} boson that couples only to the heavier lepton families. We search for such a Z^{'} through its invisible decay in the process e^{+}e^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}Z^{'}. We use a sample of electron-positron collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV collected by the Belle II experiment in 2019-2020, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 79.7 fb^{-1}. We find no excess over the expected standard-model background. We set 90%-confidence-level upper limits on the cross section for this process as well as on the coupling of the model, which ranges from 3×10^{-3} at low Z^{'} masses to 1 at Z^{'} masses of 8 GeV/c^{2}.
Collapse
|
35
|
Primary succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Alnus sieboldiana on Izu-Oshima Island, Japan. MYCORRHIZA 2023:10.1007/s00572-023-01112-w. [PMID: 37233830 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The primary succession of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi has been well described for Pinus and Salix, but the succession for other pioneer hosts is almost unknown. Here, we investigated ECM fungal communities of Alnus sieboldiana at different host growth stages in a primary successional volcanic site on Izu-Oshima Island, Japan. ECM root tips were collected from 120 host individuals, encompassing seedling, sapling, and mature tree stages. The taxonomic identity of the ECM fungi was determined based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences. Nine molecular taxonomic units were detected from a total of 807 root tips. The initial ECM fungal community on the pioneer seedlings was composed of only three species, where an undescribed Alpova species (Alpova sp.) was exclusively frequent. With host growth, other ECM fungal species were added to the communities, while the initial colonizers remained even at mature tree stages. Thus, the ECM fungal composition significantly changed along host growth stages and showed the nested community structure. Although most of the ECM fungi confirmed in this study had a broad Holarctic geographical distribution, the Alpova sp. had no previous records in other regions. These results suggest that a locally evolved Alpova sp. plays an essential role in the initial seedling establishment of A. sieboldiana at early successional volcanic sites.
Collapse
|
36
|
New evidence for the Ontong Java Nui hypothesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8486. [PMID: 37231104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the Ontong Java Nui super oceanic plateau (OJN), which is based on the model that the submarine Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), Manihiki Plateau (MP), and Hikurangi Plateau (HP) were once its contiguous fragments, could have been the largest globally consequential volcanic event in Earth's history. This OJN hypothesis has been debated given the paucity of evidence, for example, the differences in crustal thickness, the compositional gap between MP and OJP basalts and the apparent older age of both plateaus relative to HP remain unresolved. Here we investigate the geochemical and 40Ar-39Ar ages of dredged rocks recovered from the OJP's eastern margin. Volcanic rocks having compositions that match the low-Ti MP basalts are reported for the first time on the OJP and new ~ 96-116 Ma and 67-68 Ma 40Ar-39Ar age data bridge the temporal gap between OJP and HP. These results provide new evidence for the Ontong Java Nui hypothesis and a framework for an integrated tectonomagmatic evolution of the OJP, MP, and HP. The isotopic data imply four mantle components in the source of OJN that are also expressed in present-day Pacific hotspots sources, indicating origin from (and longevity of) the Pacific Large Low Shear-wave Velocity Province.
Collapse
|
37
|
First Measurement of the B^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}π^{0} Branching Fraction and CP Asymmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181804. [PMID: 37204904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We study B^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}π^{0} using 711 fb^{-1} of data collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We measure an inclusive branching fraction of (19.0±1.5±1.4)×10^{-6} and an inclusive CP asymmetry of (9.2±6.8±0.7)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and a B^{+}→ρ(770)^{+}π^{0} branching fraction of (11.2±1.1±0.9_{-1.6}^{+0.8})×10^{-6}, where the third uncertainty is due to possible interference with B^{+}→ρ(1450)^{+}π^{0}. We present the first observation of a structure around 1 GeV/c^{2} in the π^{0}π^{0} mass spectrum, with a significance of 6.4σ, and measure a branching fraction to be (6.9±0.9±0.6)×10^{-6}. We also report a measurement of local CP asymmetry in this structure.
Collapse
|
38
|
Search for Lepton-Flavor-Violating τ Decays to a Lepton and an Invisible Boson at Belle II. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:181803. [PMID: 37204890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.181803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for lepton-flavor-violating τ^{-}→e^{-}α and τ^{-}→μ^{-}α decays, where α is an invisible spin-0 boson. The search uses electron-positron collisions at 10.58 GeV center-of-mass energy with an integrated luminosity of 62.8 fb^{-1}, produced by the SuperKEKB collider and collected with the Belle II detector. We search for an excess in the lepton-energy spectrum of the known τ^{-}→e^{-}ν[over ¯]_{e}ν_{τ} and τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ} decays. We report 95% confidence-level upper limits on the branching-fraction ratio B(τ^{-}→e^{-}α)/B(τ^{-}→e^{-}ν[over ¯]_{e}ν_{τ}) in the range (1.1-9.7)×10^{-3} and on B(τ^{-}→μ^{-}α)/B(τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}ν_{τ}) in the range (0.7-12.2)×10^{-3} for α masses between 0 and 1.6 GeV/c^{2}. These results provide the most stringent bounds on invisible boson production from τ decays.
Collapse
|
39
|
Differences in innate fear behaviour in native Japanese chickens. Br Poult Sci 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37132515 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2207735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Comprehensive knowledge of innate fear in chickens has important implications for understanding the adaptation of native Japanese chickens in modern production and behavioural changes caused by modern breeding goals. Innate fear behaviour seen in chicks from six native Japanese chicken breeds;, Ingie (IG), Nagoya (NAG), Oh-Shamo (OSM), Tosa-Jidori (TJI), Tosa-Kukin (TKU) and Ukokkei (UK), were compared with those in two lines of White Leghorn (WL-G and WL-T) in tonic immobility (TI) and open field (OF) tests.2. TI and OF tests were conducted for 267 chicks at 0-1 days of age in the eight breeds. Raw data for four TI traits and 13 OF traits were corrected for environmental factors. Breed differences were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Steel Dwass post hoc test. Principal component (PC) analyses were conducted.3. The results showed that OSM was the least sensitive to fear in both the TI and OF tests. The WL-G birds showed higher sensitivity to TI fear but lower sensitivity to OF fear. The PC analysis of OF traits classified the tested breeds into three groups: least (OSM and WL-G), moderate (IG, WL-T, NAG, TJI and TKU) and most sensitive (UK).
Collapse
|
40
|
Surgical strategies for localized colorectal amyloidosis. Surg Case Rep 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37103609 PMCID: PMC10140200 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized colorectal amyloidosis has a good prognosis, but cases involving bleeding or perforation may require surgery. However, there are few case reports discussing the differences in the surgical strategy between the segmental and pan-colon types. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old woman with a history of abdominal pain and melena was diagnosed with amyloidosis localized in the sigmoid colon by colonoscopy. Since preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings could not rule out malignancy, we performed laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy with lymph-node dissection. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining revealed a diagnosis of AL amyloidosis (λ type). We diagnosed localized segmental gastrointestinal amyloidosis, because there was no amyloid protein in the margins, and the tumor was localized. There were no malignant findings. CONCLUSIONS Unlike systemic amyloidosis, localized amyloidosis has a favorable prognosis. Localized colorectal amyloidosis can be classified into the segmental type, in which amyloid protein is deposited locally, and the pan-colon type, in which amyloid protein is deposited extensively in the colon. Amyloid protein causes ischemia due to vascular deposition, weakening of the intestinal wall due to muscle layer deposition, and decreased peristalsis due to nerve plexus deposition. No amyloid protein should remain outside the resection area. The pan-colon type is often reported to cause complications such as anastomotic leakage, and primary anastomosis should be avoided. On the other hand, if there is no contamination or tumor remnants in the margin, the segmental type may be considered for primary anastomosis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Synchronous gastric MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type arising from a hamartomatous inverted polyp in a Helicobacter pylori naive patient. Clin J Gastroenterol 2023:10.1007/s12328-023-01808-8. [PMID: 37099238 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-023-01808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a rare case that showed the coexistence of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori-naive stomach. A 72-year-old man was followed up after surgery for epithelial carcinoma of the glottis at the Department of Otolaryngology. He underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for an abnormal PET-CT accumulation, which revealed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type in the gastric fundus and MALT lymphoma in the upper gastric body. Hence, we performed an endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer and diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type derived from a hamartomatous-inverted polyp. Subsequently, Gastric MALT lymphoma was treated with radiation therapy because the API2-MALT1 gene was positive and the Helicobacter pylori infection was negative. A complete response was observed. Even in Hp-naive stomachs, cases such as the present case are complicated by special types of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma, and endoscopic examination should be performed with these diseases in mind.
Collapse
|
42
|
First Observation of Λπ^{+} and Λπ^{-} Signals near the K[over ¯]N(I=1) Mass Threshold in Λ_{c}^{+}→Λπ^{+}π^{+}π^{-} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:151903. [PMID: 37115880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using the data sample of 980 fb^{-1} collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider, we present the results of an investigation of the Λπ^{+} and Λπ^{-} invariant mass distributions looking for substructure in the decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λπ^{+}π^{+}π^{-}. We find a significant signal in each mass distribution. When interpreted as resonances, we find for the Λπ^{+} (Λπ^{-}) combination a mass of 1434.3±0.6(stat)±0.9(syst) MeV/c^{2} [1438.5±0.9(stat)±2.5(syst) MeV/c^{2}], an intrinsic width of 11.5±2.8(stat)±5.3(syst) MeV/c^{2} [33.0±7.5(stat)±23.6(syst) MeV/c^{2}] with a significance of 7.5σ (6.2σ). As these two signals are very close to the K[over ¯]N threshold, we also investigate the possibility of a K[over ¯]N cusp, and find that we cannot discriminate between these two interpretations due to the limited size of the data sample.
Collapse
|
43
|
Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Muscle Glycogen Repletion After Exhaustive Exercise in Eumenorrheic Women. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e273-e279. [PMID: 35836304 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Matsuda, T, Takahashi, H, Nakamura, M, Ogata, H, Kanno, M, Ishikawa, A, and Sakamaki-Sunaga, M. Influence of the menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen repletion after exhaustive exercise in eumenorrheic women. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e273-e279, 2023-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on muscle glycogen repletion postexercise. Eleven women with regular menstrual cycles (age: 20.2 ± 1.3 years, height: 161.1 ± 4.8 cm, and body mass: 55.5 ± 5.7 kg) were assessed in 3 phases of the cycle: the early follicular phase (E-FP), late follicular phase (L-FP), and luteal phase (LP). Each test day began with glycogen-depleting exercise, followed by 5 hours of recovery. Muscle glycogen concentrations, using 13 C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and estradiol, progesterone, blood glucose, blood lactate, free fatty acid (FFA), and insulin concentrations were measured at t = 0, 120, and 300 minutes postexercise. During the 5-hour recovery period, subjects consumed 1.2g·(kg body mass) -1 ·h -1 of carbohydrates every 30 minutes. The muscle glycogen concentrations increased at t = 120 and t = 300 minutes postexercise ( p < 0.01) but were not significantly different between the menstrual cycle phases ( p = 0.30). Blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the L-FP and LP than in the E-FP ( p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the blood glucose, FFA, insulin concentrations, and the exercise time until exhaustion in the E-FP, L-FP, and LP were similar (blood glucose, p = 0.17; FFA, p = 0.50; insulin, p = 0.31; exercise time, p = 0.67). In conclusion, the menstrual cycle did not influence muscle glycogen repletion after exercise.
Collapse
|
44
|
Metabolic and ventilatory changes during postural change from the supine position to the reclining position in bedridden older patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33250. [PMID: 36897678 PMCID: PMC9997819 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention of pneumonia in bedridden older patients is important, and its recurrence in these patients is a relevant issue. Patients who are bedridden and inactive, and have dysphagia are considered to be at risk for pneumonia. Efforts to reduce the bedridden state and low activity may be necessary to reduce the risk of developing pneumonia in bedridden older patients. This study aimed to clarify the effects of postural change from the supine position to the reclining position on metabolic and ventilatory parameters and on safety in bedridden older patients. Using a breath gas analyzer and other tools, we assessed the following 3 positions: lying on the back (supine), resting in the Fowler position (Fowler), and resting in an 80° recline wheelchair (80°). Measurements were oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, gas exchange ratio, tidal volume (VT), minute volume, respiratory rate, inspiratory time, expiratory time, total respiratory time, mean inspiratory flow, metabolic equivalents, end-expiratory oxygen, and end-expiratory carbon dioxide as well as various vital signs. The study analysis included 19 bedridden participants. The change in oxygen uptake driven by changing the posture from the supine position to the Fowler position was as small as 10.8 mL/minute. VT significantly increased from the supine position (398.4 ± 111.2 mL) to the Fowler position (426.9 ± 106.8 mL) (P = .037) and then showed a decreasing trend in the 80° position (416.8 ± 92.5 mL). For bedridden older patients, sitting in a wheelchair is a very low-impact physical activity, similar to that in normal people. The VT of bedridden older patients was maximal in the Fowler position, and the ventilatory volume did not increase with an increasing reclining angle, unlike that in normal people. These findings suggest that appropriate reclining postures in clinical situations can promote an increase in the ventilatory rate in bedridden older patients.
Collapse
|
45
|
Observation of e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{bJ}(1P) and Search for X_{b}→ωϒ(1S) at sqrt[s] near 10.75 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:091902. [PMID: 36930912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.091902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{bJ}(1P) (J=0, 1, or 2) using samples at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=10.701, 10.745, and 10.805 GeV, corresponding to 1.6, 9.8, and 4.7 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, respectively. These data were collected with the Belle II detector during special operations of the SuperKEKB collider above the ϒ(4S) resonance. We report the first observation of ωχ_{bJ}(1P) signals at sqrt[s]=10.745 GeV. By combining Belle II data with Belle results at sqrt[s]=10.867 GeV, we find energy dependencies of the Born cross sections for e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{b1,b2}(1P) to be consistent with the shape of the ϒ(10753) state. These data indicate that the internal structures of the ϒ(10753) and ϒ(10860) states may differ. Including data at sqrt[s]=10.653 GeV, we also search for the bottomonium equivalent of the X(3872) state decaying into ωϒ(1S). No significant signal is observed for masses between 10.45 and 10.65 GeV/c^{2}.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bladder Preservation After Bilateral Kidney Loss and Bladder Cancer After Renal Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:660-663. [PMID: 36997379 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is now a well-established renal replacement therapy. However, renal transplant recipients are reported to have an increased incidence of cancer. Although the recommended waiting period after each cancerous event in a recipient is indicated in the literature, there is no absolute certainty that cancer will develop even after the recommended waiting period. In this study, we experienced a case of bladder cancer after the recommended waiting period in a patient who had bladder preservation after a right nephrectomy and left nephroureterectomy. A 61-year-old man lost his right kidney due to renal cancer in 2007 and his left kidney to urothelial carcinoma in November 2017. The patient wanted a kidney transplant and bladder preservation at the time of the left nephroureterectomy. The patient's wife offered to donate a kidney. After 2 years of hemodialysis, there was no recurrence or metastasis, and with the approval of the Ethics Committee, the patient received a kidney transplant in January 2020. Although the patient's renal function was good after the transplant, a bladder tumor was found 20 months later and was resected transurethrally. The pathology was nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. This patient, who had lost both kidneys, was treated with bladder preservation therapy. After subsequent kidney transplantation, he developed bladder cancer. Explaining to the patient the possibility of recurrence after a certain period and the increased risk of cancer, in-depth consultation with the patient is necessary regarding bladder preservation. Regular checkups should be continued after transplantation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites. Science 2023; 379:eabn7850. [PMID: 35679354 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured the mineralogy and bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. The samples are mainly composed of materials similar to those of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, particularly the CI (Ivuna-type) group. The samples consist predominantly of minerals formed in aqueous fluid on a parent planetesimal. The primary minerals were altered by fluids at a temperature of 37° ± 10°C, about [Formula: see text] million (statistical) or [Formula: see text] million (systematic) years after the formation of the first solids in the Solar System. After aqueous alteration, the Ryugu samples were likely never heated above ~100°C. The samples have a chemical composition that more closely resembles that of the Sun's photosphere than other natural samples do.
Collapse
|
48
|
The Anti-Tumor Effect of the Newly Developed LAT1 Inhibitor JPH203 in Colorectal Carcinoma, According to a Comprehensive Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051383. [PMID: 36900176 PMCID: PMC10000236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-specific inhibitor, JPH203, is expected to cause cancer-specific starvation and possess anti-tumor effects; however, its anti-tumor mechanism for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We analyzed LAT family gene expressions in public databases using UCSC Xena and evaluated LAT1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 154 cases of surgically resected CRC. We also evaluated mRNA expression using polymerase chain reaction in 10 CRC cell lines. Furthermore, JPH203 treatment experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo using an allogeneic immune-responsive mouse model with abundant stroma created via the orthotopic transplantation of the mouse-derived CRC cell line CT26 and mesenchymal stem cells. The treatment experiments were followed by comprehensive gene expression analyses with RNA sequencing. Database analyses and immunohistochemistry research on clinical specimens revealed that LAT1 expression was cancer-dominant, and its increase was accompanied by tumor progression. In vitro, JPH203 was effective in an LAT1 expression-dependent manner. In vivo, JPH203 treatment considerably reduced tumor size and metastasis, and RNA sequencing-based pathway analysis showed that not only tumor growth and amino acid metabolism pathways, but also stromal activation-related pathways were suppressed. The results of the RNA sequencing were validated in the clinical specimens, as well as both in vitro and in vivo. LAT1 expression in CRC plays an important role in tumor progression. JPH203 may inhibit the progression of CRC and tumor stromal activity.
Collapse
|
49
|
Measurement of the Λ_{c}^{+} Lifetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:071802. [PMID: 36867815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An absolute measurement of the Λ_{c}^{+} lifetime is reported using Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+} decays in events reconstructed from data collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. The total integrated luminosity of the data sample, which was collected at center-of-mass energies at or near the ϒ(4S) resonance, is 207.2 fb^{-1}. The result, τ(Λ_{c}^{+})=203.20±0.89±0.77 fs, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, is the most precise measurement to date and is consistent with previous determinations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Search for a Dark Photon and an Invisible Dark Higgs Boson in μ^{+}μ^{-} and Missing Energy Final States with the Belle II Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:071804. [PMID: 36867830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.071804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dark photon A^{'} and the dark Higgs boson h^{'} are hypothetical particles predicted in many dark sector models. We search for the simultaneous production of A^{'} and h^{'} in the dark Higgsstrahlung process e^{+}e^{-}→A^{'}h^{'} with A^{'}→μ^{+}μ^{-} and h^{'} invisible in electron-positron collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV in data collected by the Belle II experiment in 2019. With an integrated luminosity of 8.34 fb^{-1}, we observe no evidence for signal. We obtain exclusion limits at 90% Bayesian credibility in the range of 1.7-5.0 fb on the cross section and in the range of 1.7×10^{-8}-200×10^{-8} on the effective coupling ϵ^{2}×α_{D} for the A^{'} mass in the range of 4.0 GeV/c^{2}<M_{A^{'}}<9.7 GeV/c^{2} and for the h^{'} mass M_{h^{'}}<M_{A^{'}}, where ϵ is the mixing strength between the standard model and the dark photon and α_{D} is the coupling of the dark photon to the dark Higgs boson. Our limits are the first in this mass range.
Collapse
|