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Marín-Moreno A, Benestad SL, Barrio T, Pirisinu L, Espinosa JC, Tran L, Huor A, Di Bari MA, Eraña H, Maddison BC, D'Agostino C, Fernández-Borges N, Canoyra S, Jerez-Garrido N, Castilla J, Spiropoulos J, Bishop K, Gough KC, Nonno R, Våge J, Andréoletti O, Torres JM. Classical BSE dismissed as the cause of CWD in Norwegian red deer despite strain similarities between both prion agents. Vet Res 2024; 55:62. [PMID: 38750594 PMCID: PMC11097568 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The first case of CWD in a Norwegian red deer was detected by a routine ELISA test and confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the brain stem of the animal. Two different western blotting tests were conducted independently in two different laboratories, showing that the red deer glycoprofile was different from the Norwegian CWD reindeer and CWD moose and from North American CWD. The isolate showed nevertheless features similar to the classical BSE (BSE-C) strain. Furthermore, BSE-C could not be excluded based on the PrPSc immunohistochemistry staining in the brainstem and the absence of detectable PrPSc in the lymphoid tissues. Because of the known ability of BSE-C to cross species barriers as well as its zoonotic potential, the CWD red deer isolate was submitted to the EURL Strain Typing Expert Group (STEG) as a BSE-C suspect for further investigation. In addition, different strain typing in vivo and in vitro strategies aiming at identifying the BSE-C strain in the red deer isolate were performed independently in three research groups and BSE-C was not found in it. These results suggest that the Norwegian CWD red deer case was infected with a previously unknown CWD type and further investigation is needed to determine the characteristics of this potential new CWD strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomas Barrio
- UMR École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Institut National Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Linh Tran
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Alvina Huor
- UMR École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Institut National Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia Technology Park & IKERBASQUE, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben C Maddison
- RSK- ADAS Ltd, Technology Drive, Beeston, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Fernández-Borges
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Canoyra
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Jerez-Garrido
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia Technology Park & IKERBASQUE, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Keith Bishop
- RSK- ADAS Ltd, Technology Drive, Beeston, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jorn Våge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 1225 Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Institut National Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Marín-Moreno A, Reine F, Herzog L, Aron N, Jaffrézic F, Vilotte JL, Rezaei H, Andréoletti O, Martin D, Béringue V. Assessment of the zoonotic potential of atypical scrapie prions in humanized mice reveals rare phenotypic convergence but not identity with sporadic CJD prions. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae093. [PMID: 38401890 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical/Nor98 scrapie (AS) is an idiopathic infectious prion disease affecting sheep and goats. Recent findings suggest that zoonotic prions from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) may co-propagate with atypical/Nor98 prions in AS sheep brains. Investigating the risk AS poses to humans is crucial. METHODS To assess the risk of sheep/goat-to-human transmission of AS, we serially inoculated brain tissue from field and laboratory isolates into transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein (Met129 allele). We studied clinical outcomes as well as presence of prions in brains and spleens. RESULTS No transmission occurred on the primary passage, with no clinical disease or pathological prion protein in brains and spleens. On subsequent passages, one isolate gradually adapted, manifesting as prions with a phenotype resembling those causing MM1-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. However, further characterization using in vivo and in vitro techniques confirmed both prion agents as different strains, revealing a case of phenotypic convergence. Importantly, no C-BSE prions emerged in these mice, especially in the spleen, which is more permissive than the brain for C-BSE cross-species transmission. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained suggest a low the zoonotic for AS. Rare adaptation may allow the emergence of prions phenotypically resembling those spontaneously forming in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laetitia Herzog
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Naima Aron
- INRAE, ENVT, IHAP, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Jaffrézic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Human Rezaei
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Davy Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Béringue
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Konold T, Spiropoulos J, Hills J, Abdul H, Cawthraw S, Phelan L, McKenna A, Read L, Canoyra S, Marín-Moreno A, Torres JM. Experimental transmission of ovine atypical scrapie to cattle. Vet Res 2023; 54:98. [PMID: 37864218 PMCID: PMC10589953 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle was caused by the recycling and feeding of meat and bone meal contaminated with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agent but its origin remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether atypical scrapie could cause disease in cattle and to compare it with other known TSEs in cattle. Two groups of calves (five and two) were intracerebrally inoculated with atypical scrapie brain homogenate from two sheep with atypical scrapie. Controls were five calves intracerebrally inoculated with saline solution and one non-inoculated animal. Cattle were clinically monitored until clinical end-stage or at least 96 months post-inoculation (mpi). After euthanasia, tissues were collected for TSE diagnosis and potential transgenic mouse bioassay. One animal was culled with BSE-like clinical signs at 48 mpi. The other cattle either developed intercurrent diseases leading to cull or remained clinical unremarkable at study endpoint, including control cattle. None of the animals tested positive for TSEs by Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Bioassay of brain samples from the clinical suspect in Ov-Tg338 and Bov-Tg110 mice was also negative. By contrast, protein misfolding cyclic amplification detected prions in the examined brains from atypical scrapie-challenged cattle, which had a classical BSE-like phenotype. This study demonstrates for the first time that a TSE agent with BSE-like properties can be amplified in cattle inoculated with atypical scrapie brain homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Konold
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK.
| | - John Spiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Janet Hills
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Hasina Abdul
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Saira Cawthraw
- Central Unit for Sequencing and PCR, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Laura Phelan
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Amy McKenna
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Lauren Read
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal & Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK
| | - Sara Canoyra
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Marín-Moreno A, Canoyra S, Fernández-Borges N, Espinosa JC, Torres JM. Transgenic Mouse Models for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36722282 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2801021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are some of the most important health challenges modern medicine and advanced societies face. Indeed, the number of patients affected by one of these illnesses will increase in the following years at the same rate that human life expectancy allows us to live longer. Despite many years of research, NDs remain invariably fatal. A complete understanding of the exact mechanisms leading to neuronal death, which will ideally allow preclinical detection and the development of effective treatments, has not yet been achieved. However, a great deal of information about ND pathology and the search for possible therapies has been acquired using animal models and more precisely transgenic mouse models. In this review, the main contributions of these powerful research tools in NDs as well as their advantages and caveats are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Sara Canoyra
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández-Borges
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain
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5
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Ximelis T, Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Eraña H, Charco JM, Hernández I, Riveira C, Alcolea D, González-Roca E, Aldecoa I, Molina-Porcel L, Parchi P, Rossi M, Castilla J, Ruiz-García R, Gelpi E, Torres JM, Sánchez-Valle R. Homozygous R136S mutation in PRNP gene causes inherited early onset prion disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:176. [PMID: 34663460 PMCID: PMC8524886 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 40 pathogenic heterozygous PRNP mutations causing inherited prion diseases have been identified to date. Recessive inherited prion disease has not been described to date. METHODS We describe the clinical and neuropathological data of inherited early-onset prion disease caused by the rare PRNP homozygous mutation R136S. In vitro PrPSc propagation studies were performed using recombinant-adapted protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique. Brain material from two R136S homozygous patients was intracranially inoculated in TgMet129 and TgVal129 transgenic mice to assess the transmissibility of this rare inherited form of prion disease. RESULTS The index case presented symptoms of early-onset dementia beginning at the age of 49 and died at the age of 53. Neuropathological evaluation of the proband revealed abundant multicentric PrP plaques and Western blotting revealed a ~ 8 kDa protease-resistant, unglycosylated PrPSc fragment, consistent with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker phenotype. Her youngest sibling suffered from progressive cognitive decline, motor impairment, and myoclonus with onset in her late 30s and died at the age of 48. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the R136S mutation in homozygosis in the two affected subjects linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129. One sibling carrying the heterozygous R136S mutation, linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129, is still asymptomatic at the age of 74. The inoculation of human brain homogenates from our index case and an independent case from a Portuguese family with the same mutation in transgenic mice expressing human PrP and in vitro propagation of PrPSc studies failed to show disease transmissibility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, biallelic R136S substitution is a rare variant that produces inherited early-onset human prion disease with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker neuropathological and molecular signature. Even if the R136S variant is predicted to be "probably damaging", heterozygous carriers are protected, at least from an early onset providing evidence for a potentially recessive pattern of inheritance in human prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ximelis
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge M Charco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Fundació ACE, Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research Center, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva González-Roca
- Immunology department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
- IKERBasque Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-García
- Immunology department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Aguilar-Calvo P, Fernández-Borges N, Pitarch JL, González L, Torres JM. Canine D 163-PrP polymorphic variant does not provide complete protection against prion infection in small ruminant PrP context. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14309. [PMID: 34253783 PMCID: PMC8275588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
E/D163 polymorphism of dog prion protein (PrP) has been recently proposed as the variant responsible for canid prion resistance. To further investigate the protective role of this variant against prion replication, the transgenic mouse model OvPrP-Tg532 expressing sheep/goat PrP carrying the substitution D162 (equivalent to D163 position of dog PrP) was generated and intracranially inoculated with a broad collection of small ruminant prion strains. OvPrP-Tg532 mice showed resistance to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from sheep and some classical scrapie isolates from sheep and goat but were susceptible to ovine atypical L-BSE and numerous classical scrapie isolates. Strikingly, some of these classical scrapie isolates showed a shift in their prion strain properties. These results suggest that other PrP residues apart from E/D163 variant of dog PrP or factors distinct than PrP may participate in prion resistance of canids and that different factors may be required for D162 sheep PrP to provide effective protection to sheep against ruminant prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Pitarch
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo González
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Diaz-Lucena D, Kruse N, Thüne K, Schmitz M, Villar-Piqué A, da Cunha JEG, Hermann P, López-Pérez Ó, Andrés-Benito P, Ladogana A, Calero M, Vidal E, Riggert J, Pineau H, Sim V, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Del Río JA, Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Torres JM, Sánchez-Valle R, Mollenhauer B, Ferrer I, Zerr I, Llorens F. TREM2 expression in the brain and biological fluids in prion diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:841-859. [PMID: 33881612 PMCID: PMC8113222 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune cell surface receptor that regulates microglial function and is involved in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Its soluble form (sTREM2) results from shedding of the TREM2 ectodomain. The role of TREM2 in prion diseases, a group of rapidly progressive dementias remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we analysed the expression of TREM2 and its main sheddase ADAM10 in the brain of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients and evaluated the role of CSF and plasma sTREM2 as a potential diagnostic marker of prion disease. Our data indicate that, compared to controls, TREM2 is increased in sCJD patient brains at the mRNA and protein levels in a regional and subtype dependent fashion, and expressed in a subpopulation of microglia. In contrast, ADAM10 is increased at the protein, but not the mRNA level, with a restricted neuronal expression. Elevated CSF sTREM2 is found in sCJD, genetic CJD with mutations E200K and V210I in the prion protein gene (PRNP), and iatrogenic CJD, as compared to healthy controls (HC) (AUC = 0.78–0.90) and neurological controls (AUC = 0.73–0.85), while CSF sTREM2 is unchanged in fatal familial insomnia. sTREM2 in the CSF of cases with Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis was not significantly altered in our series. CSF sTREM2 concentrations in sCJD are PRNP codon 129 and subtype-related, correlate with CSF 14-3-3 positivity, total-tau and YKL-40, and increase with disease progression. In plasma, sTREM2 is increased in sCJD compared with HC (AUC = 0.80), displaying positive correlations with plasma total-tau, neurofilament light, and YKL-40. We conclude that comparative study of TREM2 in brain and biological fluids of prion diseases reveals TREM2 to be altered in human prion diseases with a potential value in target engagement, patient stratification, and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Diaz-Lucena
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Niels Kruse
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Neuropathology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Calero
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Chronic Disease Programme, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca I Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joachim Riggert
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hailey Pineau
- Department of Medicine-Division of Neurology, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valerie Sim
- Department of Medicine-Division of Neurology, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jose Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga S/N, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Franc Llorens
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gern August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Espinosa JC, Zamora-Ceballos M, Pitarch JL, González L, Fernández-Borges N, Orge L, Andréoletti O, Nonno R, Torres JM. Classical scrapie in small ruminants is caused by at least four different prion strains. Vet Res 2021; 52:57. [PMID: 33858518 PMCID: PMC8048364 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of goat scrapie strains in Europe has recently been studied using bioassays in a wide collection of rodent models, resulting in the classification of classical scrapie into four different categories. However, the sole use of the first passage does not lead to isolate adaptation and identification of the strains involved and might therefore lead to misclassification of some scrapie isolates. Therefore, this work reports the complete transmission study of a wide collection of goat transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) isolates by intracranial inoculation in two transgenic mouse lines overexpressing either small ruminant (TgGoat-ARQ) or bovine (TgBov) PrPC. To compare scrapie strains in sheep and goats, sheep scrapie isolates from different European countries were also included in the study. Once the species barrier phenomenon was overcome, an accurate classification of the isolates was attained. Thus, the use of just two rodent models allowed us to fully differentiate at least four different classical scrapie strains in small ruminants and to identify isolates containing mixtures of strains. This work reinforces the idea that classical scrapie in small ruminants is a prion disease caused by multiple different prion strains and not by a single strain, as is the case for epidemic classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE-C). In addition, the clear dissimilarity between the different scrapie strains and BSE-C does not support the idea that classical scrapie is the origin of epidemic BSE-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Pitarch
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Leonor Orge
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRAE ENVT 1225-IHAP, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Bistaffa E, Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, De Luca CMG, Cazzaniga FA, Portaleone SM, Celauro L, Legname G, Giaccone G, Torres JM, Moda F. PMCA-generated prions from the olfactory mucosa of patients with Fatal Familial Insomnia cause prion disease in mice. eLife 2021; 10:65311. [PMID: 33851575 PMCID: PMC8064759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) is a genetic prion disease caused by the D178N mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) in coupling phase with methionine at PRNP 129. In 2017, we have shown that the olfactory mucosa (OM) collected from FFI patients contained traces of PrPSc detectable by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA). Methods: In this work, we have challenged PMCA-generated products obtained from OM and brain homogenate of FFI patients in BvPrP-Tg407 transgenic mice expressing the bank vole prion protein to test their ability to induce prion pathology. Results: All inoculated mice developed mild spongiform changes, astroglial activation, and PrPSc deposition mainly affecting the thalamus. However, their neuropathological alterations were different from those found in the brain of BvPrP-Tg407 mice injected with raw FFI brain homogenate. Conclusions: Although with some experimental constraints, we show that PrPSc present in OM of FFI patients is potentially infectious. Funding: This work was supported in part by the Italian Ministry of Health (GR-2013-02355724 and Ricerca Corrente), MJFF, ALZ, Alzheimer’s Research UK and the Weston Brain Institute (BAND2015), and Euronanomed III (SPEEDY) to FM; by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant AGL2016-78054-R [AEI/FEDER, UE]) to JMT and JCE; AM-M was supported by a fellowship from the INIA (FPI-SGIT-2015-02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bistaffa
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy.,Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Angelo Cazzaniga
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Portaleone
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Otolaryngology Unit, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Celauro
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Moda
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
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10
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Espinosa JC, Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Torres JM. Met 166 -Glu 168 residues in human PrP β2-α2 loop account for evolutionary resistance to prion infection. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:506-518. [PMID: 33253417 PMCID: PMC8247420 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims The amino acid sequence of prion protein (PrP) is a key determinant in the transmissibility of prion diseases. While PrP sequence is highly conserved among mammalian species, minor changes in the PrP amino acid sequence may confer alterations in the transmissibility of prion diseases. Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C‐BSE) is the only zoonotic prion strain reported to date causing variant Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease (vCJD) in humans, although experimental transmission points to atypical L‐BSE and some classical scrapie isolates as also zoonotic. The precise molecular elements in the human PrP sequence that limit the transmissibility of prion strains such as sheep/goat scrapie or cervid chronic wasting disease (CWD) are not well known. Methods The transmissibility of a panel of diverse prions from different species was compared in transgenic mice expressing either wild‐type human PrPC (MDE‐HuTg340) or a mutated human PrPC harbouring Val166‐Gln168 amino acid changes (VDQ‐HuTg372) in the β2‐α2 loop instead of Met166‐Glu168 wild‐type variants. Results VDQ‐HuTg372 mice were more susceptible to prions than MDE‐HuTg340 mice in a strain‐dependent manner. Conclusions Met166‐Glu168 amino acid residues present in wild‐type human PrPC are molecular determinants that limit the propagation of most prion strains assayed in the human PrP context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Abstract
Prions are unique agents that challenge the molecular biology dogma by transmitting information on the protein level. They cause neurodegenerative diseases that lack of any cure or treatment called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The function of the normal form of the prion protein, the exact mechanism of prion propagation between species as well as at the cellular level and neuron degeneration remains elusive. However, great amount of information known for all these aspects has been achieved thanks to the use of animal models and more precisely to transgenic mouse models. In this chapter, the main contributions of these powerful research tools in the prion field are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Marín-Moreno A, Huor A, Espinosa JC, Douet JY, Aguilar-Calvo P, Aron N, Píquer J, Lugan S, Lorenzo P, Tillier C, Cassard H, Andreoletti O, Torres JM. Radical Change in Zoonotic Abilities of Atypical BSE Prion Strains as Evidenced by Crossing of Sheep Species Barrier in Transgenic Mice. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1130-1139. [PMID: 32441630 PMCID: PMC7258450 DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.181790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the only zoonotic prion disease described to date. Although the zoonotic potential of atypical BSE prions have been partially studied, an extensive analysis is still needed. We conducted a systematic study by inoculating atypical BSE isolates from different countries in Europe into transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein (PrP): TgMet129, TgMet/Val129, and TgVal129. L-type BSE showed a higher zoonotic potential in TgMet129 mice than classical BSE, whereas Val129-PrP variant was a strong molecular protector against L-type BSE prions, even in heterozygosis. H-type BSE could not be transmitted to any of the mice. We also adapted 1 H- and 1 L-type BSE isolate to sheep-PrP transgenic mice and inoculated them into human-PrP transgenic mice. Atypical BSE prions showed a modification in their zoonotic ability after adaptation to sheep-PrP producing agents able to infect TgMet129 and TgVal129, bearing features that make them indistinguishable of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.
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13
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Espinosa JC, Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Benestad SL, Andreoletti O, Torres JM. Erratum to: Porcine Prion Protein as a Paradigm of Limited Susceptibility to Prion Strain Propagation. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:2085. [PMID: 32119741 PMCID: PMC7289552 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Olivier Andreoletti
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Espinosa JC, Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Benestad SL, Andreoletti O, Torres JM. Porcine Prion Protein as a Paradigm of Limited Susceptibility to Prion Strain Propagation. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1103-1112. [PMID: 31919511 PMCID: PMC8006416 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to pigs and transgenic mice expressing pig cellular prion protein (PrPC) (porcine PrP [PoPrP]-Tg001) has been described, no natural cases of prion diseases in pig were reported. This study analyzed pig-PrPC susceptibility to different prion strains using PoPrP-Tg001 mice either as animal bioassay or as substrate for protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). A panel of isolates representatives of different prion strains was selected, including classic and atypical/Nor98 scrapie, atypical-BSE, rodent scrapie, human Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease and classic BSE from different species. Bioassay proved that PoPrP-Tg001-mice were susceptible only to the classic BSE agent, and PMCA results indicate that only classic BSE can convert pig-PrPC into scrapie-type PrP (PrPSc), independently of the species origin. Therefore, conformational flexibility constraints associated with pig-PrP would limit the number of permissible PrPSc conformations compatible with pig-PrPC, thus suggesting that pig-PrPC may constitute a paradigm of low conformational flexibility that could confer high resistance to the diversity of prion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Olivier Andreoletti
- UMR Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Fernández-Borges N, Espinosa JC, Marín-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Asante EA, Kitamoto T, Mohri S, Andréoletti O, Torres JM. Protective Effect of Val 129-PrP against Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy but not Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1522-1530. [PMID: 28820136 PMCID: PMC5572891 DOI: 10.3201/eid2309.161948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the only known zoonotic prion that causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. The major risk determinant for this disease is the polymorphic codon 129 of the human prion protein (Hu-PrP), where either methionine (Met129) or valine (Val129) can be encoded. To date, all clinical and neuropathologically confirmed vCJD cases have been Met129 homozygous, with the exception of 1 recently reported Met/Val heterozygous case. Here, we found that transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP show severely restricted propagation of the BSE prion strain, but this constraint can be partially overcome by adaptation of the BSE agent to the Met129 Hu-PrP. In addition, the transmission of vCJD to transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP resulted in a prion with distinct strain features. These observations may indicate increased risk for vCJD secondary transmission in Val129 Hu-PrP–positive humans with the emergence of new strain features.
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16
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Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of progressive, invariably fatal diseases that affect the nervous system of many mammals including humans. The key molecular event in the pathogenesis of TSEs is the conversion of the cellular prion protein PrPC into a disease-associated isoform PrPSc. The "protein-only hypothesis" argues that PrPSc itself is the infectious agent. In effect, PrPSc can adopt several structures that represent different prion strains. The interspecies transmission of TSEs is difficult because of differences between the host and donor primary PrP sequence. However, transmission is not impossible as this occurred when bovine spongiform encephalopathy spread to humans causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This event determined a need for a thorough understanding of prion replication and transmission so that we could be one step ahead of further threats for human health. This chapter focuses on these concepts and on new insights gained into prion propagation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan C Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA-ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan M Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Marín-Moreno A, Espinosa JC, Fernández-Borges N, Píquer J, Girones R, Andreoletti O, Torres JM. An assessment of the long-term persistence of prion infectivity in aquatic environments. Environ Res 2016; 151:587-594. [PMID: 27591838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environment plays a key role in horizontal transmission of prion diseases, since prions are extremely resistant to classical inactivation procedures. In prior work, we observed the high stability of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infectivity when these prions were incubated in aqueous media such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or wastewater for nearly nine months. As a continuation of this experiment, the same samples were maintained in PBS or wastewater for five additional years and residual BSE infectivity was assessed in bovine PrPC transgenic mice. Over this long time period (more than six years), BSE infectivity was reduced by three and one orders of magnitude in wastewater and PBS respectively. To rule out a possible agent specific effect, sheep scrapie prions were subjected to the same experimental protocol, using eight years as the experimental end-point. No significant reduction in scrapie infectivity was observed over the first nine months of wastewater incubation while PBS incubation for eight years only produced a two logarithmic unit reduction in infectivity. By contrast, the dynamics of PrPRes persistence was different, disappearing progressively over the first year. The long persistence of prion infectivity observed in this study for two different agents provides supporting evidence of the assumed high stability of these agents in aquatic environments and that environmental processes or conventional wastewater treatments with low retention times would have little impact on prion infectivity. These results could have great repercussions in terms of risk assessment and safety for animals and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Marín-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Carretera Algete-El Casar S/n, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Carretera Algete-El Casar S/n, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández-Borges
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Carretera Algete-El Casar S/n, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Píquer
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Carretera Algete-El Casar S/n, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina Girones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Andreoletti
- UMR INRA-ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan-María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Carretera Algete-El Casar S/n, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
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