1
|
A retrospective study on bone metastasis in dogs with advanced-stage solid cancer. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:561-567. [PMID: 37186237 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with solid cancer-bearing bone metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records were reviewed from dogs with histologically-proven solid cancer and bone metastases. Clinicopathologic variables, bone metastases characteristics and skeletal-related events were recorded. Endpoints were time to bone metastases and survival. RESULTS Fifty dogs were included, 20 of them with synchronous and 30 of them with metachronous bone metastases. In the latter group, median time to diagnosis of bone metastases was 210 days (range, 30 to 1835). Most common primary cancer locations included mammary gland (n=6), spleen (n=5) and tonsil (n=5). Most common histotypes were carcinoma (n=32) and hemangiosarcoma (n=10). Nineteen dogs had multiple bones involvement, with humeri and vertebrae more commonly affected. Twenty-four dogs received antitumoural therapy, five symptomatic treatment and 21 were not treated. Overall median survival after bone metastases diagnosis was 30 days (range, 11 to 49); 83% of dogs died because of skeletal-related events. Lack of antitumoural therapy was significantly associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio: 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 5.6) and with increased risk of skeletal-related death (hazard ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 7.4). Dogs with endocrine/neuroendocrine tumours (odds ratio: 8.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 63.9), without appendicular metastases (odds ratio: 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 25.8), without extra-skeletal metastases (odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 24.5) and receiving antitumoural therapy (odds ratio: 14.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 131.4) had an increased chance of surviving more than 100 days. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bone metastases in dogs with solid cancers are associated with poor prognosis and a high risk of skeletal-related events. Treatment appears to have an impact on survival.
Collapse
|
2
|
A general modeling framework for open wildlife populations based on the Polya tree prior. Biometrics 2023; 79:2171-2183. [PMID: 36065934 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife monitoring for open populations can be performed using a number of different survey methods. Each survey method gives rise to a type of data and, in the last five decades, a large number of associated statistical models have been developed for analyzing these data. Although these models have been parameterized and fitted using different approaches, they have all been designed to either model the pattern with which individuals enter and/or exit the population, or to estimate the population size by accounting for the corresponding observation process, or both. However, existing approaches rely on a predefined model structure and complexity, either by assuming that parameters linked to the entry and exit pattern (EEP) are specific to sampling occasions, or by employing parametric curves to describe the EEP. Instead, we propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric framework for modeling EEPs based on the Polya tree (PT) prior for densities. Our Bayesian nonparametric approach avoids overfitting when inferring EEPs, while simultaneously allowing more flexibility than is possible using parametric curves. Finally, we introduce the replicate PT prior for defining classes of models for these data allowing us to impose constraints on the EEPs, when required. We demonstrate our new approach using capture-recapture, count, and ring-recovery data for two different case studies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fast Bayesian inference for large occupancy datasets. Biometrics 2023; 79:2503-2515. [PMID: 36579700 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of species' occurrence has benefited from the increased availability of large-scale citizen-science data. While abundance data from standardized monitoring schemes are biased toward well-studied taxa and locations, opportunistic data are available for many taxonomic groups, from a large number of locations and across long timescales. Hence, these data provide opportunities to measure species' changes in occurrence, particularly through the use of occupancy models, which account for imperfect detection. These opportunistic datasets can be substantially large, numbering hundreds of thousands of sites, and hence present a challenge from a computational perspective, especially within a Bayesian framework. In this paper, we develop a unifying framework for Bayesian inference in occupancy models that account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation. We make use of the Pólya-Gamma scheme, which allows for fast inference, and incorporate spatio-temporal random effects using Gaussian processes (GPs), for which we consider two efficient approximations: subset of regressors and nearest neighbor GPs. We apply our model to data on two UK butterfly species, one common and widespread and one rare, using records from the Butterflies for the New Millennium database, producing occupancy indices spanning 45 years. Our framework can be applied to a wide range of taxa, providing measures of variation in species' occurrence, which are used to assess biodiversity change.
Collapse
|
4
|
Measuring protected-area effectiveness using vertebrate distributions from leech iDNA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1555. [PMID: 35322033 PMCID: PMC8943135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are key to meeting biodiversity conservation goals, but direct measures of effectiveness have proven difficult to obtain. We address this challenge by using environmental DNA from leech-ingested bloodmeals to estimate spatially-resolved vertebrate occupancies across the 677 km2 Ailaoshan reserve in Yunnan, China. From 30,468 leeches collected by 163 park rangers across 172 patrol areas, we identify 86 vertebrate species, including amphibians, mammals, birds and squamates. Multi-species occupancy modelling shows that species richness increases with elevation and distance to reserve edge. Most large mammals (e.g. sambar, black bear, serow, tufted deer) follow this pattern; the exceptions are the three domestic mammal species (cows, sheep, goats) and muntjak deer, which are more common at lower elevations. Vertebrate occupancies are a direct measure of conservation outcomes that can help guide protected-area management and improve the contributions that protected areas make towards global biodiversity goals. Here, we show the feasibility of using invertebrate-derived DNA to estimate spatially-resolved vertebrate occupancies across entire protected areas. Invertebrate-derived eDNA (iDNA) is an emerging tool for taxonomic and spatial biodiversity monitoring. Here, the authors use metabarcoding of leech-derived iDNA to estimate vertebrate occupancy over an entire protected area, the Ailaoshan Nature Reserve, China.
Collapse
|
5
|
Reliability of environmental DNA surveys to detect pond occupancy by newts at a national scale. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1295. [PMID: 35079132 PMCID: PMC8789902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution assessment and monitoring of species is key to reliable environmental impact assessments and conservation interventions. Considerable effort is directed towards survey and monitoring of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) in England. Surveys are increasingly undertaken using indirect methodologies, such as environmental DNA (eDNA). We used a large data set to estimate national pond occupancy rate, as well as false negative and false positive error rates, for commercial eDNA protocols. Additionally, we explored a range of habitat, landscape and climatic variables as predictors of pond occupancy. In England, 20% of ponds were estimated to be occupied by great crested newts. Pond sample collection error rates were estimated as 5.2% false negative and 1.5% false positive. Laboratory error indicated a negligible false negative rate when 12 qPCR replicates were used. Laboratory false positive error was estimated at 2% per qPCR replicate and is therefore exaggerated by high levels of laboratory replication. Including simple habitat suitability variables into the model revealed the importance of fish, plants and shading as predictors of newt presence. However, variables traditionally considered as important for newt presence may need more precise and consistent measurement if they are to be employed as reliable predictors in modelling exercises.
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of a single dose of pimobendan on right ventricular and right atrial function in 11 healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 37:52-61. [PMID: 34560344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pimobendan on echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular and atrial function in healthy cats. ANIMALS Eleven privately owned, healthy adult cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Each cat underwent five echocardiographic examinations: the first and second examinations were performed 1 h apart on day 0. On day 1, the third examination served as baseline, whereas the fourth and fifth examinations were performed one and 6 h after administration of a single oral dose of pimobendan (1.25 mg/cat), respectively. Parameters of right ventricular and atrial morphology and function were collected and compared among time points. RESULTS Pimobendan administration produced a change in some echocardiographic variables. Specifically, heart rate, right ventricular fractional shortening and peak velocity of systolic lateral tricuspid annular motion increased (P = 0.032, P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas right ventricular end-systolic internal diameter and right atrial maximum and minimum internal diameters decreased (P = 0.004, P = 0.025 and P = 0.01, respectively). Right ventricular fractional area change and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion did not change. CONCLUSIONS This novel study showed that pimobendan had positive effects on right ventricular and right atrial function in healthy cats. Further studies are needed to determine whether pimobendan has similar effects in cats with cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Parasites, Drugs and Captivity: Blastocystis-Microbiome Associations in Captive Water Voles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:457. [PMID: 34067374 PMCID: PMC8224621 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Blastocystis is a microbial eukaryote inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of a broad range of animals including humans. Several studies have shown that the organism is associated with specific microbial profiles and bacterial taxa that have been deemed beneficial to intestinal and overall health. Nonetheless, these studies are focused almost exclusively on humans, while there is no similar information on other animals. (2) Methods: Using a combination of conventional PCR, cloning and sequencing, we investigated presence of Blastocystis along with Giardia and Cryptosporidium in 16 captive water voles sampled twice from a wildlife park. We also characterised their bacterial gut communities. (3) Results: Overall, alpha and beta diversities between water voles with and without Blastocystis did not differ significantly. Differences were noted only on individual taxa with Treponema and Kineothrix being significantly reduced in Blastocystis positive water voles. Grouping according to antiprotozoal treatment and presence of other protists did not reveal any differences in the bacterial community composition either. (4) Conclusion: Unlike human investigations, Blastocystis does not seem to be associated with specific gut microbial profiles in water voles.
Collapse
|
8
|
Exploring potential risk factors of antimicrobial use in beef cattle. Animal 2020; 15:100091. [PMID: 33454275 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock species are major contributors to the increase of antimicrobial (AM) resistance which is a worldwide concern for both human and animal health. The over-use of AM is widely acknowledged, however, unlike pigs, poultry and dairy cattle, knowledge on potential risk factors affecting AM usage (AMU) in beef industry is limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of farm, breed, sex and season of arrival of purchased beef cattle on AMU in Italian beef cattle. Data on 1063 batches were collected from January 2016 to April 2019 from specialised beef fattening farms located in the north of Italy. Information on breed, sex, date of arrival, performance traits and AM agents used on farm was collected, and the treatment incidence 100 (TI100) indexes per batch were calculated using the defined daily dose animal estimated according to Italian summaries of product characteristics. Factors affecting TI100 indexes were investigated using a cross-classified multilevel model. Farms largely differed in terms of AMU. Males had greater AMU than females (P < 0.001), likely due to their higher susceptibility to disease. Statistically significant differences were observed between seasons of arrival with summer and spring having lower TI100 indexes than winter and autumn (P < 0.001). Indeed, winter is commonly linked to an increase in respiratory diseases in beef cattle. Finally, the TI100it indexes tended to be different among breeds with Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousine having greater AMU compared to the other breeds. Results of this study provided valuable information on potential risk factors of AMU in beef production which may be useful to address its reduction. For instance, the development of tailored management strategies for specific breeds, targeted approaches to improve the health of males as well as greater care towards batches purchased in winter are possible advice to implement on-farm for a more responsible AM stewardship.
Collapse
|
9
|
183P Prognostic value of high mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor gene (MET) expression in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor negative (HER2-) early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
A hierarchical dependent Dirichlet process prior for modelling bird migration patterns in the UK. Ann Appl Stat 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/19-aoas1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Effect of pimobendan on left atrial function: an echocardiographic pilot study in 11 healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 28:37-47. [PMID: 32244178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES - To evaluate the effect of a single dose of pimobendan on left atrial (LA) function in healthy cats. ANIMALS - Eleven client owned healthy cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS - Standardized and repeated echocardiographic examinations were performed on healthy and conscious cats before and after a single dose of orally administered pimobendan (1.25 mg/cat). Left atrial systolic functional parameters were assessed. RESULTS - Some of the tested parameters of LA function showed significant improvement after pimobendan administration, whereas no significant effect on left ventricular function was observed. In particular, LA minimal diameters obtained from M-mode images in short (p=0.018) and long (p=0.009) axis reduced after pimobendan administration, whereas LA fractional shortening from short (p=0.027) and long (p=0.042) axis and LA appendage emptying velocity (p<0.001) significantly increased. A mild increase in heart rate (p=0.001), and a transient increase on the peak systolic wave pulmonary vein velocity (p=0.008) were also recorded as a possible effect. CONCLUSIONS - A single dose of pimobendan appears to impact LA function in healthy cats. However, because of the small number of cats included, and the absence of a placebo group, these results cannot be definitively separated from the effect of time. Additional studies are needed to understand if similar effects are observed in cats with cardiomyopathy and LA dilatation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor levels in luminal-like Her2- early breast cancer patients. A retrospective single cancer center analysis. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz240.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
13
|
Three dimensional primary cultures for selecting human breast cancers that are sensitive to the anti-tumor activity of ipatasertib or taselisib in combination with anti-microtubule cytotoxic drugs. Breast 2018; 41:165-171. [PMID: 30103105 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway taselisib, targeting the mutant PI3K-subunit-alpha (PI3KA) and ipatasertib, AKT-inhibitor, are currently under clinical investigation in breast cancer (BC) patients. We have previously demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of these anti-PI3K/AKT-inibitors in combination with anti-microtubule drugs in human BC cell lines, through a complete cytoskeleton disorganization. In this work, we generated ex-vivo three-dimensional (3D) cultures from human BC as a model to test drug efficacy and to identify new molecular biomarkers for selection of BC patients suitable for anti-PI3K/AKT-inibitors treatment. We have established 3D cultures from 25/27 human BC samples, in which the ability of growth in vitro replicates the clinical and biological aggressiveness of the original tumors. According to the results of next generation sequencing analysis, a direct correlation was found between PI3KA mutations and the sensitivity in 3D models in vitro to taselisib and ipatasertib alone and combined with anti-microtubule agents. Moreover, mutations in HER and MAPK families related genes, including EGFR, KRAS and BRAF, were found in resistant samples, suggesting their potential role as negative predictive factors of response to these agents. Thus, we demonstrated that ex vivo 3D cultures from human BC patients allow a rapid and efficient drug screening for chemotherapies and targeted agents in genetically selected patients and represent an innovative model to identify new biomarkers of drug resistance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of surface electrocardiography in cats with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:364-375. [PMID: 30082249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of electrocardiography (ECG) to predict left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the cat and to investigate the prognostic value of selected ECG variables in cats with LVH. ANIMALS Fifty-seven privately owned cats: 22 clinically healthy cats and 35 cats with LVH. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a clinical cohort study. Echocardiographic diagnosis and surface ECG were available. Electrocardiography analysis included rhythm diagnosis and specific electrocardiographic measurements. In cats with LVH, cause of death and outcome data were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS The presence of arrhythmia had sensitivity and specificity of 31% and 100%, respectively, for identifying LVH. Among ECG measurements, duration of QT interval (QT) and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) was statistically different between healthy cats and cats with LVH (p = 0.007). Overall, the most accurate cutoffs to identify LVH were QT > 170 ms (sensitivity and specificity 48.3% and 91%, respectively) and QTc > 188 ms (sensitivity and specificity 62% and 77%, respectively). In healthy cats, the highest QT and QTc values were 180 ms and 200 ms, respectively. Mean survival time was 58 days and indeterminable for cats with QT > 180 ms and QT ≤ 180 ms, respectively (p = 0.042) and 125 days and indeterminable for cats with QTc > 200 ms and QTc ≤ 200 ms, respectively (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Arrhythmias as well as prolonged QT and QTc are useful ECG parameters in identifying LVH and predicting survival in affected cats.
Collapse
|
15
|
Utility of Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with or without Pulmonary Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 30:697-705. [PMID: 27177623 PMCID: PMC4913565 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In human medicine, right ventricular (RV) functional parameters represent a tool for risk stratification in patients with congestive heart failure caused by left heart disease. Little is known about RV alterations in dogs with left‐sided cardiac disorders. Objectives To assess RV and left ventricular (LV) function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH). Animals One‐hundred and fourteen dogs: 28 healthy controls and 86 dogs with MMVD at different stages. Methods Prospective observational study. Animals were classified as healthy or having MMVD at different stages of severity and according to presence or absence of PH. Twenty‐eight morphological, echo‐Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) variables were measured and comparison among groups and correlations between LV and RV parameters were studied. Results No differences were found among groups regarding RV echo‐Doppler and TDI variables. Sixteen significant correlations were found between RV TDI and left heart echocardiographic variables. Dogs with PH had significantly higher transmitral E wave peak velocity and higher E/eʹ ratio of septal (sMV) and lateral (pMV) mitral annulus. These 2 variables were found to predict presence of PH with a sensitivity of 84 and 72%, and a specificity of 71 and 80% at cut‐off values of 10 and 9.33 for sMV E/eʹ and pMV E/eʹ, respectively. Conclusions and clinical importance No association between variables of RV function and different MMVD stage and severity of PH could be detected. Some relationships were found between echocardiographic variables of right and left ventricular function.
Collapse
|
16
|
Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and left atrial strain imaging features of a dog with atrial flutter and third-degree atrioventricular block. J Vet Cardiol 2017; 19:462-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα)/AKT axis blockade with taselisib or ipatasertib enhances the efficacy of anti-microtubule drugs in human breast cancer cells. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx361.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
18
|
The feasibility of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of non-cardiac thoracic disorders of dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:141. [PMID: 28545570 PMCID: PMC5445396 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the feasibility of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnostic work-up of non-cardiac thoracic disorders of small animals. The second aim is to assess the usefulness of CEUS as a direct guide for sample procedures. RESULTS Forty animals, 28 dogs and 12 cats, were included in the study. Thoracic disorders included 23 pulmonary lesions [primary carcinoma (14), lymphoma (1), sarcoma (1), histiocytic sarcoma (1), abscess (1) and pneumonia (5)] and 17 mediastinal lesions [lymphoma (8), thymoma (3), mesothelioma (1), melanoma (1), carcinomatous lymphadenopathy (1), mixsosarcoma (1), lipoma (1), and abscess (1)]. The majority of neoplastic pulmonary lesions showed an inhomogeneous distribution of contrast medium, whereas inflammatory lesions had a homogenous distribution with typical pulmonary vessels ramification. The majority of mediastinal malignant lesions showed an inhomogeneous distribution pattern. The lung and mediastinal abscesses had peripheral enhancement of the wall with an avascular center. All cytological and biopsy samples obtained after CEUS were diagnostic. Quantitative analysis, performed in 19/23 pulmonary lesions, showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the arrival time of the malignant (7.27 s - range 4.46-13.52 s) and benign (4.52 s - range 2.87-6.06 s) pulmonary lesions. CONCLUSIONS CEUS may be a useful tool for the evaluation of non-cardiac thoracic lesions. The contrast medium allows for the precise definition of lesion edges, the presence of necrotic areas, and the distribution of pulmonary vessels. Based on our preliminary results, the use of ultrasonographic contrast medium can be recommended for improving the diagnostic usefulness of cytology and biopsy sampling, because CEUS may help to define necrotic areas from viable tissue.
Collapse
|
19
|
Assessment of Left Atrial Deformation and Function by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:641-649. [PMID: 28455877 PMCID: PMC5435061 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of left atrial (LA) function by 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) holds important clinical implications in human medicine. Few similar data are available in dogs. Objectives To assess LA function by STE in dogs with and without myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), analyzing LA areas, systolic function, and strain. Animals One hundred and fifty dogs were divided according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine classification of heart failure: 23 dogs in class A, 52 in class B1, 36 in class B2, and 39 in class C + D. Methods Prospective observational study. Conventional morphologic and Doppler variables, LA areas, and STE‐based LA strain analysis were performed in all dogs and results were compared among groups. Correlation analysis was carried out between LA STE variables and other echocardiographic variables. Results Variability study showed good reproducibility for all the tested variables (coefficient of variation <16%). Left atrial areas, fractional area change, peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), peak atrial contraction strain, and contraction strain index (CSI) differed significantly between groups B2 and C + D and all the other groups (overall P < .001), whereas only PALS differed between groups B1 and A (P = .01). Left atrial areas increased with progression of the disease, whereas LA functional parameters decreased. Only CSI increased nonsignificantly from group A to group B1 and then progressively decreased. Thirty‐one significant correlations (P < .001, r > .3) were found between conventional left heart echocardiographic variables and LA areas and strain variables. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Left atrial STE analysis provides useful information on atrial function in the dog, highlighting a progressive decline in atrial function with worsening of MMVD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Corrigendum to “Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel non-thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonist in vitro and in MPTP-treated mice” [Neuroscience 302 (2015) 23–35]. Neuroscience 2016; 339:678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of outcome in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients (MPC) treated with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw371.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
22
|
Ipatasertib (GDC-0068), a novel Akt inhibitor, synergizes with anti-microtubule chemotherapic agents in human breast cancer cell lines. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw362.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Taselisib enhances effects of anti-microtubule chemotherapic agents in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K&agr;) mutant breast cancer cell lines. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw362.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
GDC-0980, a novel PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor, is effective in HER2 positive gastric cancer (GC) cell lines resistant to Trastuzumab. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw333.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
25
|
A prognostic model using inflammatory response markers in metastatic gastric cancer (GC) pts before first-line chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw333.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
26
|
Taselisib, a selective inhibitor of PIK3CA, is highly effective on PIK3CA-mutated and HER2 amplified gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw333.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
27
|
Abstract
Feline primary osteosarcomas involving the skull are extremely rare. When they occur, orbit, mandible, and maxilla are the most common sites. Microscopically, scattered multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are not an uncommon occurrence in osteosarcoma (OSC), but they are generally in low number. Only in a rare variant, the giant cell-rich OSC, are MGCs the prevalent cell type. Although osteoclast and osteoblast origin have been postulated in human and veterinary literature, the origin of MGCs in osteosarcomas is poorly understood. This report describes a giant cell-rich OSC in the calvarium of a 13-year-old spayed female shorthair cat. The animal exhibited a range of neurologic signs, including left circling, compulsive gait, lack of proprioception, and bilateral absence of menace reaction, with indication of left forebrain involvement. Gross lesions were characterized by a multilobate, spherical mass located in the left calvarium, compressing the left forebrain. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by scattered nests of MGCs separated by small bundles of pleomorphic, fusate to polygonal cells. Between spindle cells, osteoid was very sparse and arranged in thin strands. immunohistochemical stains for vimentin were positive, with no detectable cellular staining for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, or Class II major histocompatibility complex. Ultrastructurally, MGCs contained profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum; no lysosomes were observed. The origin of MGCs in osteosarcoma remains obscure, and our results confirm their ambiguous identity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Prognostic value of blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)in advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated with Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine: our experience. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv344.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for patients with resectable gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv344.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
30
|
Tumor burden reduction between primary and metastatic sites in advanced pancreatic cancer patients (pts) undergoing chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) and gemcitabine (Gem). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv344.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
2392 Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for patients with resectable gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
P-062 Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for patients with resectable gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
33
|
Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel non-thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonist in vitro and in MPTP-treated mice. Neuroscience 2015; 302:23-35. [PMID: 25907448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ is a potential pharmacological target for disease-modification in Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly acting by modulating the neuroinflammatory response. However, currently available agonists thiazolidinediones (TZDs) present limitations due to safety concerns. We evaluated a novel thiobarbituric-like compound MDG548, which acts as a functional PPARγ agonist displaying higher and selective binding affinity as compared to TZDs. Neuroprotection by MDG548 was tested in vitro and in a mouse MPTP model of PD, and neuroinflammation was investigated as a putative underlying mechanism. Viability assay on rat cortical neurons showed lack of cytotoxic effect in the dose-range of 100 nM-10 μM, which was therefore used for testing in vitro protection against H2O2 and MPP+ neurotoxicity. MDG548 dose-dependently increased cell viability of rat cortical neurons co-treated with H2O2 or pre-exposed to MDG548 prior to H2O2. Moreover, MDG548 induced neuroprotection in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. NF-kB activation was investigated to assess anti-inflammatory activity. MDG548 dose-dependently decreased NF-kB activation induced by LPS (100 ng/100ml) in HEK-Blue-hTLR4 cells. Given the supposed cancer risk of other PPARγ agonists, Ames test for genotoxicity was performed in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains, showing that MDG548 was not genotoxic. In vivo, BL/6J mice were treated with MPTP (20mg/kg i.p. once/day for 4 days) in association with saline or MDG548 (2, 5, 10 mg/kg i.p.). Stereological counting showed that MDG548 prevented the MPTP-induced reduction in TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) at all doses tested. Moreover, MDG548 reduced reactive microglia and iNOS induction in the SNc. MDG548, being a non-TZD compound with high PPARγ affinity, void of genotoxicity, and with in vitro as well as in vivo neuroprotective properties, provides a promising alternative in the search for safer PPARγ agonists to be tested as potential disease-modifying drugs in PD.
Collapse
|
34
|
WS15.3 Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells modify the function and cytokine production of F508del airway epithelial cells upon coculture. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
WS14.3 Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells can partially correct the cystic fibrosis phenotype upon coculture with F508del airway epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Successful serology-based intervention to increase protection against vaccine-preventable diseases in liver-transplanted children: a 19-yr review of the Swiss national reference center. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16:50-7. [PMID: 22093802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As children referred for OLT in Switzerland were not vaccinated optimally, new guidelines were developed and recommended to base catch-up immunization on serum antibody titers against vaccine-preventable diseases, before and after OLT. We measure the results of this serology-based intervention by comparing vaccine coverage and antibody titers in the pre- (1990-2002, P1) and post-intervention (2003-2008, P2) cohorts in a quality control project. Forty-four P1 and 30 P2 children were evaluated. At pre-OLT visit, D, T, SPn, and MMR serologies were checked more frequently in P2 than P1 (p < 0.05). More P2 children were up-to-date for DTaP and MMR (p < 0.05) or had received ≥1 dose of HBV, HAV, SPn, and VZV vaccines (p < 0.05). One yr post-OLT, DT, SPn, MMR, and VZV serologies were more frequently checked (p < 0.05), and antibody titers were higher for DT and HAV (p < 0.05) in P2. Gender, age, or diagnosis did not explain these differences. Among P2 patients, pre- and post-OLT titers for D, T, Hib, HBV, SPn14, and SPn19 were correlated (p < 0.05 for all). Protection against vaccine-preventable diseases of high-risk children like OLT patients can be significantly improved by serology-based intervention for vaccine-preventable diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
A 13-year-old, neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented for sudden respiratory distress following palliative radiotherapy and the combined administration of a single dose of carboplatin for the treatment of recurrent fibrosarcoma. Clinical and radiographic findings were suggestive of pleural effusion. Echocardiography revealed marked right-sided cardiac enlargement associated with tricuspid regurgitation and Doppler evidence of pulmonary hypertension. After 25 days of treatment for congestive heart failure and suspected pulmonary thromboembolism, clinical signs and echocardiographic and Doppler evidence of right-sided cardiac enlargement and pulmonary hypertension had completely resolved. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of reversible pulmonary hypertension, likely secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism, in a cat.
Collapse
|
38
|
Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:145-52. [PMID: 20002552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease condition leading to right-sided cardiac hypertrophy and, eventually, right-sided heart failure. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a circulating biomarker of cardiac damage. HYPOTHESIS Myocardial damage can occur in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary PH. ANIMALS One hundred and thirty-three dogs were examined: 26 healthy controls, 42 dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) without PH, 48 dogs with pulmonary hypertension associated with mitral valve disease (PH-MVD), and 17 dogs with precapillary PH. METHODS Prospective, observational study. Serum cTnI concentration was measured with a commercially available immunoassay and results were compared between groups. RESULTS Median cTnI was 0.10 ng/mL (range 0.10-0.17 ng/mL) in healthy dogs. Compared with the healthy population, median serum cTnI concentration was increased in dogs with precapillary PH (0.25 ng/mL; range 0.10-1.9 ng/mL; P < .001) and in dogs with PH-MVD (0.21 ng/mL; range 0.10-2.10 ng/mL; P < .001). Median serum cTnI concentration of dogs with MVD (0.12 ng/mL; range 0.10-1.00 ng/mL) was not significantly different compared with control group and dogs with PH-MVD. In dogs with MVD and PH-MVD, only the subgroup with decompensated PH-MVD had significantly higher cTnI concentration compared with dogs with compensated MVD and PH-MVD. Serum cTnI concentration showed significant modest positive correlations with the calculated pulmonary artery systolic pressure in dogs with PH and some echocardiographic indices in dogs with MVD and PH-MVD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum cTnI is high in dogs with either precapillary and postcapillary PH. Myocardial damage in dogs with postcapillary PH is likely the consequence of increased severity of MVD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Thymofibrolipoma in two dogs. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:74-7. [PMID: 19426992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymolipomas are unusual benign neoplasms composed of mature adipose and thymic tissue that represent less than 10% of all thymic tumours in man. A thymofibrolipoma is a histological variant of thymolipoma in which there is an additional abundance of fibrous connective tissue. Thymolipoma has been reported previously in one dog and one cat, but thymofibrolipoma has never been described. This report documents the clinical and pathological features of two cases of canine thymofibrolipoma.
Collapse
|
40
|
[Molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in Argentina during 2005 and 2006]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2008; 40:222-228. [PMID: 19213245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the incidence of calicivirus, rotavirus and astrovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in different regions of Argentina during 2005 and 2006, fecal samples from seven nonbacterial outbreaks were analyzed. A commercial ELISA was used for rotavirus detection, while RT-PCRs were used for calicivirus and astrovirus. Of the 74 samples analyzed, 20 were calicivirus positive, 17 were rotavirus positive and one was astrovirus positive. No mixed infections were detected. A partial region of the RdRp gene was sequenced in five calicivirus positive-samples; 4 of them belonged to Norovirus genus and one to Sapovirus genus. The phylogenetic analysis of norovirus-positive-samples revealed the presence of strains from genogroups GI and GII; genotypes GII-4, GII-b and GII-17 were identified within the latter. Phylogenetic the sapovirus-positive-sample revealed the presence of genotype GI-1. This study represents a follow-up of the of molecular epidemiology analysis of calicivirus associated to gastroenteritis outbreaks that have been carried out by our group since 2004, and constitutes the first report of the circulation of genotype GII-17 in Argentina.
Collapse
|
41
|
ATYPICAL CYSTIC FIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX ALLELE: DIAGNOSTIC AND MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS. J Cyst Fibros 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Renal transplantation in adults with Henoch-Schonlein purpura: long-term outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3010-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
43
|
Abstract
A 13-year-old neutered male European short-hair cat was presented because of blindness and behavioural abnormalities. On physical examination, abnormal behaviour, compulsive walking, circling, continuous vocalization and blindness were the main neurological signs. In addition, abdominal alopecia, thin and inelastic skin, weight loss despite polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia were present. Laboratory investigation revealed diabetes mellitus and pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. Diagnostic imaging showed bilaterally enlarged adrenals and a large pituitary mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of an ACTH-producing pituitary macroadenoma.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A 10-year-old uncastrated male Dalmatian dog was referred for gait abnormalities consisting of chronic progressive stiffness and rigidity. Other symptoms were polyphagia associated with weight gain, polyuria and polydipsia, excessive panting, and an inspiratory stridor. The owner had noticed progressive thickening of the skin and enlargement of the tongue over the last 3 years. Physical examination revealed thickening of the skin, redundant skin folds, and enlargement of the tongue. The only remarkable abnormalities found on routine laboratory examination were mild anaemia and an increased serum fructosamine concentration. Circulating concentrations of total thyroxine, free thyroxine, and cTSH, and the results of an ACTH stimulation test were all within reference ranges. The basal serum growth hormone (GH) concentration was markedly elevated (23microg/l) and did not decrease during a glucose tolerance test or after somatostatin administration. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration was also markedly elevated (1254microg/l). Basal serum insulin concentration was high (95mU/l) and insulin concentrations increased considerably after glucose loading, consistent with insulin resistance. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. Survey radiographs of the vertebral column showed severe spondylosis deformans extending from the cervical to the lumbosacral spine. CT scanning of the skull showed an enlarged pituitary gland with normal enhancement pattern. On post-mortem examination, the entire vertebral column appeared as a single and inflexible structure due to the presence of multiple fused osteophytes. The pituitary gland contained an acidophilic adenoma that immunostained positively for GH (and negatively for ACTH and alpha-MSH). In conclusion, this Dalmatian dog with acromegaly and insulin resistance represents the first case of GH hypersecretion proven to be due to a somatotroph adenoma.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is an antioxidant used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including liver cirrhosis, heavy metal poisoining, and diabetic polyneuropathy. In addition to its protective effect against oxidative stress, alpha-LA induces apoptosis in different cancer cells types. However, whether alpha-LA acid induces apoptosis of hepatoma cells is unknown. Herein, we investigated whether alpha-LA induces apoptosis in two different hepatoma cell lines FaO and HepG2. The results showed that alpha-LA inhibits the growth of both cell lines as indicated by the reduction in cell number, the reduced expression of cyclin A and the increased levels of the cyclin/CDKs inhibitors, p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). Cell cycle arrest was associated with cell loss, and DNA laddering indicative of apoptosis. Apoptosis was preceded by increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and associated with p53 activation, increased expression of Bax, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, caspases activation, decreased levels of survivin, induction of pro-apoptotic signaling (i.e JNK) and inhibition of anti-apoptotic signaling (i.e. PKB/Akt) pathways. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that alpha-LA induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells, describes a possible sequence of molecular events underlying its lethal effect, and suggests that it may prove useful in liver cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Use of the galactose-based contrast agent SHU 508A (Levovist) in renal ultrasonography of the dog. Vet Res Commun 2006; 29 Suppl 2:305-7. [PMID: 16244981 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Spinal deformity in a sandtiger shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque: a clinical-pathological study. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:49-60. [PMID: 16351698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated spinal deformity in a captive sandtiger shark and describes the clinical and histopathological features of the lesion. Clinically, the shark presented a marked spinal curvature in the region between the pectoral girdle and cranial dorsal fin. Radiographic studies revealed scoliosis and kyphosis of the vertebral column with a modification of the basic structure of five vertebrae. Post-mortem examination confirmed the results of radiographic studies and histological examination showed remodelling and cartilaginous proliferation of the vertebral bodies together with necrosis, haemorrhage and signs of a local chronic inflammatory response extending to the surrounding muscle. Different aetiologies are proposed and discussed but nutritional imbalance (dietary vitamin deficiency) and/or traumatic injury are considered the most likely contributing factors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical and neuropathological findings in three young English bulldogs affected by cerebellar cortical degeneration. The dogs, born from the same parents, were presented with clinical signs indicating progressive cerebellar dysfunction: a wide-based stance, severe cerebellar ataxia characterised by marked hypermetria, spasticity, and intention tremors of the head and trunk with loss of balance. On histopathological examination, lesions were confined to the cerebellum and consisted of diffuse degenerative cortical lesions, and there was a loss of Purkinje and granule cells. The history, clinical signs and neuropathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of cerebellar cortical degeneration. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of cerebellar cortical degeneration in the English bulldog.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Cutaneous congenital candidiasis (CCC) is a very rare disease of the term or premature infant consisting of a generalized rash at or shortly after birth usually without other signs or symptoms. The presence of white microabscesses on the placenta and umbilical cord of an infant with such a rash must suggest the diagnosis of CCC, which is always secondary to Candida chorioamnionitis but may pass unrecognized. Despite the high prevalence of vulvo-vaginitis in pregnant women, Candida chorioamnionitis is rare and CCC remains apparently extremely rare with just some hundred cases described. However, as the condition is essentially benign and self-limited, underdiagnosis is likely. As occasional systemic spread of Candida infection is described and maternal complications may arise, diagnosis and a close follow-up or treatment is of importance. We present two cases of CCC, stressing the importance of sharing clinical findings between obstetrician and neonatologist for the diagnosis and subsequent management.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ganciclovir for severe cytomegalovirus primary infection in an immunocompetent child. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:218-20. [PMID: 14767679 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-1079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Described here is the unusual case of a previously healthy 17-month-old girl who developed severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease with prolonged fever and hepatitis. The severity of her illness required hospitalization and prompted antiviral treatment. Short-term intravenous ganciclovir treatment was associated with immediate and sustained resolution of the symptoms as well as a sharp decrease of CMV viremia. This observation suggests that antiviral therapy might be considered in select cases of severe primary CMV infection in immunocompetent children.
Collapse
|