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Performance of a Low-Cost Sensor Community Air Monitoring Network in Imperial County, CA. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3031. [PMID: 32471088 PMCID: PMC7309036 DOI: 10.3390/s20113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Air monitoring networks developed by communities have potential to reduce exposures and affect environmental health policy, yet there have been few performance evaluations of networks of these sensors in the field. We developed a network of over 40 air sensors in Imperial County, CA, which is delivering real-time data to local communities on levels of particulate matter. We report here on the performance of the Network to date by comparing the low-cost sensor readings to regulatory monitors for 4 years of operation (2015-2018) on a network-wide basis. Annual mean levels of PM10 did not differ statistically from regulatory annual means, but did for PM2.5 for two out of the 4 years. R2s from ordinary least square regression results ranged from 0.16 to 0.67 for PM10, and increased each year of operation. Sensor variability was higher among the Network monitors than the regulatory monitors. The Network identified a larger number of pollution episodes and identified under-reporting by the regulatory monitors. The participatory approach of the project resulted in increased engagement from local and state agencies and increased local knowledge about air quality, data interpretation, and health impacts. Community air monitoring networks have the potential to provide real-time reliable data to local populations.
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Next-Generation Community Air Quality Sensors for Identifying Air Pollution Episodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3268. [PMID: 31492020 PMCID: PMC6774374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Conventional regulatory air quality monitoring sites tend to be sparsely located. The availability of lower-cost air pollution sensors, however, allows for their use in spatially dense community monitoring networks, which can be operated by various stakeholders, including concerned residents, organizations, academics, or government agencies. Networks of many community monitors have the potential to fill the spatial gaps between existing government-operated monitoring sites. One potential benefit of finer scale monitoring might be the ability to discern elevated air pollution episodes in locations that have not been identified by government-operated monitoring sites, which might improve public health warnings for populations sensitive to high levels of air pollution. In the Imperial Air study, a large network of low-cost particle monitors was deployed in the Imperial Valley in Southeastern California. Data from the new monitors is validated against regulatory air monitoring. Neighborhood-level air pollution episodes, which are defined as periods in which the PM2.5 (airborne particles with sizes less than 2.5 μm in diameter) hourly average concentration is equal to or greater than 35 μg m-3, are identified and corroborate with other sites in the network and against the small number of government monitors in the region. During the period from October 2016 to February 2017, a total of 116 episodes were identified among six government monitors in the study region; however, more than 10 times as many episodes are identified among the 38 community air monitors. Of the 1426 episodes identified by the community sensors, 723 (51%) were not observed by the government monitors. These findings suggest that the dense network of community air monitors could be useful for addressing current limitations in the spatial coverage of government air monitoring to provide real-time warnings of high pollution episodes to vulnerable populations.
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Development and field validation of a community-engaged particulate matter air quality monitoring network in Imperial, California, USA. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2017; 67:1342-1352. [PMID: 28829718 PMCID: PMC6179905 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1369471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network was developed as part of a community-engaged research study to provide real-time particulate matter (PM) air quality information at a high spatial resolution in Imperial County, California. The network augmented the few existing regulatory monitors and increased monitoring near susceptible populations. Monitors were both calibrated and field validated, a key component of evaluating the quality of the data produced by the community monitoring network. This paper examines the performance of a customized version of the low-cost Dylos optical particle counter used in the community air monitors compared with both PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 and <10 μm, respectively) federal equivalent method (FEM) beta-attenuation monitors (BAMs) and federal reference method (FRM) gravimetric filters at a collocation site in the study area. A conversion equation was developed that estimates particle mass concentrations from the native Dylos particle counts, taking into account relative humidity. The R2 for converted hourly averaged Dylos mass measurements versus a PM2.5 BAM was 0.79 and that versus a PM10 BAM was 0.78. The performance of the conversion equation was evaluated at six other sites with collocated PM2.5 environmental beta-attenuation monitors (EBAMs) located throughout Imperial County. The agreement of the Dylos with the EBAMs was moderate to high (R2 = 0.35-0.81). IMPLICATIONS The performance of low-cost air quality sensors in community networks is currently not well documented. This paper provides a methodology for quantifying the performance of a next-generation Dylos PM sensor used in the Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network. This air quality network provides data at a much finer spatial and temporal resolution than has previously been possible with government monitoring efforts. Once calibrated and validated, these high-resolution data may provide more information on susceptible populations, assist in the identification of air pollution hotspots, and increase community awareness of air pollution.
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The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network: A Model for Community-based Environmental Monitoring for Public Health Action. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:074501. [PMID: 28886604 PMCID: PMC5744720 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network (the Network) is a collaborative group of community, academic, nongovernmental, and government partners designed to fill the need for more detailed data on particulate matter in an area that often exceeds air quality standards. The Network employs a community-based environmental monitoring process in which the community and researchers have specific, well-defined roles as part of an equitable partnership that also includes shared decision-making to determine study direction, plan research protocols, and conduct project activities. The Network is currently producing real-time particulate matter data from 40 low-cost sensors throughout Imperial County, one of the largest community-based air networks in the United States. Establishment of a community-led air network involves engaging community members to be citizen-scientists in the monitoring, siting, and data collection process. Attention to technical issues regarding instrument calibration and validation and electronic transfer and storage of data is also essential. Finally, continued community health improvements will be predicated on facilitating community ownership and sustainability of the network after research funds have been expended. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1772
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The Application of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 Test to Elite Female Soccer Populations. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:43-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Isolation and Characterization of Xylan-Degrading Strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens from a Napier Grass-Fed Anaerobic Digester. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 54:1085-90. [PMID: 16347622 PMCID: PMC202607 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.5.1085-1090.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new xylanolytic bacterial strains have been isolated from a Napier grass-fed anaerobic digester. These strains were identified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and were similar in many respects to ruminal isolates described previously. The new isolates exhibited a high degree of DNA homology with several ruminal strains of B. fibrisolvens. Xylan or xylose was required to induce the production of enzymes for xylan degradation, xylanase and xylosidase. Production of these enzymes was repressed in the presence of glucose. Xylanase activity was predominantly extracellular, while that of xylosidases was cell associated. The new isolates of B. fibrisolvens grew well in defined medium containing xylan as the sole carbon source and did not produce obvious slime or capsular layers. These strains may be useful for future genetic investigations.
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Abstract
This study examines the geographical access to imaging facilities for suspected stroke patients in Scotland. A survey of Scottish clinical directors of radiology was initially undertaken to determine the current and future provision of brain imaging for the diagnosis of stroke. We analysed geographical and digital population data with geographical information systems software to determine access to brain imaging services for stroke patients during 'normal' working hours and 'out-of-hours'. The findings suggest that, in general, most departments are able to deliver scanning for stroke as set within current guidelines, at least in normal working hours. However, radiological departments are generally operating at full capacity, and there is restricted availability of scanning services for stroke in certain regions during weekend periods. It is vital that policy makers consider these findings when reviewing the guidelines for recommending scanning for stroke.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently published, population based survey of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of China reported on low vision, blindness, and blinding conditions. This paper presents detailed findings from that survey regarding cataract, including prevalence, cataract surgical coverage, surgical outcome, and barriers to use of services. METHODS The Tibet Eye Care Assessment (TECA) was a prevalence survey of people from randomly selected households from three of the seven provinces of the TAR (Lhoka, Nakchu, and Lingzhr), representing its three main environmental regions. The survey, conducted in 1999 and 2000, assessed visual acuity, cause of vision loss, and eye care services. RESULTS Among the 15,900 people enumerated, 12,644 were examined (79.6%). Cataract prevalence was 5.2% and 13.8%, for the total population, and those over age 50, respectively. Cataract surgical coverage (vision <6/60) for people age 50 and older (85-90% of cataract blind) was 56% overall, 70% for men and 47% for women. The most common barriers to use of cataract surgical services were distance and cost. In the 216 eyes with cataract surgery, 60% were aphakic and 40% were pseudophakic. Pseudophakic surgery left 19% of eyes blind (<6/60) and an additional 20% of eyes with poor vision (6/24-6/60). Aphakic surgery left 24% of eyes blind and an additional 21% of eyes with poor vision. Even though more women remained blind than men, 28% versus 18% respectively, the different was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgical coverage was remarkably high despite the difficulty of providing services to such an isolated and sparse population. Cataract surgical outcome was poor for both aphakic and pseudophakic surgery. Two main priorities are improving cataract surgical quality and cataract surgical coverage, particularly for women.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health officials of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of China requested a survey of blindness, eye diseases, and eye care service utilisation to assist the development of a 10 year blindness prevention and treatment plan. The objective of the survey was to determine the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, as well as cataract surgical coverage and surgical outcome in the TAR. METHODS The Tibet Eye Care Assessment was a cross sectional prevalence study of three of the seven prefectures (provinces) of the TAR (Lhoka, Nakchu, and Lingzhr) selected to represent its three main environmental regions. The survey sample was selected using a random multistage cluster method. Two teams conducted the survey in a standardised fashion in each prefecture, Lhoka during May and Nakchu during June 1999, and Lingzhr during May 2000. Visual acuity, cause of vision loss, trachoma, and vitamin A deficiency were included in the clinical examination. RESULTS Among the 15,900 people enumerated, 12,644 were examined for an overall response rate of 79.6%. The crude prevalence of blindness (presenting better eye visual acuity of less than 6/60) was 2.3%; age and sex adjusted blindness prevalence was 1.4% (95% CI 1.3 to 1.5). Visual impairment (better eye presenting visual acuity of 6/24 to 6/60) was found in 10.9% (95% CI 10.5 to 11.2) of the population (age and sex adjusted). Cataract was the primary cause of blindness (50.7%), followed by macular degeneration (12.7%) and corneal opacity (9.7%). CONCLUSION Blindness is a serious public health problem in Tibet, with prevalence higher than in similar studies in eastern China. As elsewhere in the world, women have an excess burden of blindness compared to men. About 75% of blindness in Tibet can be either prevented or treated. Eye care planning for Tibet must focus on cataract, particularly among women.
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Harmful drinking in military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: association with the D2 dopamine receptor A1 allele. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37:451-6. [PMID: 12217937 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/37.5.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The frequency of the Taq I A alleles (A1 and A2) of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene was examined in Caucasian post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and controls. RESULTS In 91 PTSD patients, the frequency of the A1 allele was higher (P = 6.12 x 10(-3)) than in the 51 controls. In the 38 PTSD harmful drinkers (>or=60 g alcohol/day), A1 allelic frequency was higher (P = 3.91 x 10(-2)) than in the 53 non-harmful drinkers (<60 g alcohol/day), the former being also higher (P = 3.76 x 10(-4)) than in controls. However, there was no difference between non-harmful drinkers and controls. Based on DRD2 allelic association, the 35 PTSD patients with the A1(+) (A1A1, A1A2) allele consumed more than twice the daily amount of alcohol than the 56 patients with the A1(-) (A2A2) allele (P = 1.94 x 10(-3)). When the hourly rate of alcohol consumed was compared, A1(+) allelic patients consumed twice the rate of the A1(-) allelic patients (P < 10(-7)). CONCLUSION The DRD2 A1 allele was associated with PTSD. However, this association was found only in the harmful drinkers. PTSD patients with the A1(+) allele consumed more alcohol than patients with the A1(-) allele. The importance of determining alcohol consumption in DRD2 association studies with PTSD is suggested.
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Genetic Engineering. Principles and Methods. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.11.919-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Asthma. Canterbury takes action. NURSING NEW ZEALAND (WELLINGTON, N.Z. : 1995) 1995; 1:22-4. [PMID: 7621144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in the East as a ‘tonic’, and in recent years its use has extended to Western society. In the light of the current interest in complementary medicine, we summarize the effects and purported mechanisms of action of ginseng and present two vignettes of its use in relation to psychiatric patients, followed by a general discussion of the implications of the use of herbal products by these patients.
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Molecular Genetic Medicine. J Med Genet 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.10.821-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Laband syndrome. Report of two cases, review of the literature, and identification of additional manifestations. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1994; 78:57-63. [PMID: 8078665 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(94)90118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six persons with Laband syndrome have been reported in the literature to date. We report two further unrelated cases and suggest that a skeletal anterior open bite and symmetric soft tissue swelling of the vault of the palate be added to the variable features associated with the syndrome. There is clear evidence in the literature of autosomal dominant inheritance but our analysis indicates that in some cases recessive transmission is likely.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Child
- Ear, External/abnormalities
- Female
- Fibromatosis, Gingival/genetics
- Fibromatosis, Gingival/pathology
- Foot Deformities, Congenital
- Genes, Dominant
- Genes, Recessive
- Hand Deformities, Congenital
- Humans
- Intellectual Disability
- Male
- Nails, Malformed
- Nose/abnormalities
- Palate/abnormalities
- Syndrome
- Tooth, Supernumerary
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Patients with medically unexplained symptoms. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1994; 51:421-7. [PMID: 8081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous patients in hospital medicine present with physical symptoms but can be given no substantive medical diagnosis. In this article we describe certain characteristics and management problems associated with this difficult group of patients and propose effective approaches to management.
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The Chromosome. J Med Genet 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Replication structure of the human -globin gene domain. J Med Genet 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.3.259-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Inversions disrupting the factor VIII gene are a common cause of severe haemophilia A. J Med Genet 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.2.176-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Hemizygosity at the elastin locus in a developmental disorder, Williams syndrome. J Med Genet 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.1.83-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Isolation of a Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene containing G protein -subunit-like repeats. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.11.972-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA mutation associated with both antibiotic-induced and non-syndromic deafness. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.10.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.9.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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A community wide promotion of asthma self management: process evaluation. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1993; 106:354-7. [PMID: 8255561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS During the months February through July 1991, a community wide promotion of asthma self-management was undertaken as a pilot study for the national launch of an asthma action plan developed by the Asthma Foundation of New Zealand in conjunction with the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners. METHODS A multidisciplinary team of hospital and community-based health workers was established, with the aim of educating and resourcing general practitioners, practice nurses and retail pharmacists to enable them to effectively promote and distribute the asthma action plan. 332 general practitioners and 148 retail pharmacists were surveyed through postal and telephone questionnaires at the completion of the promotion, to assess its impact on health professionals and to obtain feedback for the national promotion of the asthma action plan. RESULTS 108 (73%) of pharmacists who responded and were involved with the promotion found their participation to be worthwhile, although some had difficulty allocating sufficient time to give detailed advice to patients. Of the 240 general practitioners who responded, 77% indicated that they had used the asthma action plan with their patients. They were positive about the use of the workshop format that had provided education and resources for the plan, and of those that had used the plan, 94% indicated that they would continue to promote the plan, or one similar. CONCLUSIONS The promotion of the asthma action plan in Canterbury had a major impact on health professionals. The community-wide promotion might have had a greater impact on people with asthma had television advertising been used. The pilot project provided useful feedback for the Asthma Foundation in their preparation for the national launch.
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Molecular Genetics for the Clinician. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.8.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.7.620-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Transgenic animals. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.7.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.6.532-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: The gene involved in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia is a member of the src family of protein-tyrosine kinases. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.5.444-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Rearrangement of the PAX3 paired box gene in the paediatric solid tumour alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.5.443-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.4.349-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Molecular Genetic Medicine. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.3.261-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. J Med Genet 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.12.927-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Maternal but not paternal transmission of 15q11-13-linked nondeletion Angelman syndrome leads to phenotypic expression. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.11.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.10.757-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.10.756-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Cloning of cDNAs for Fanconi's anaemia by functional complementation. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.9.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Levels of naturally occuring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in D melanogaster. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.8.598-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Expression of members of the putative olfactory receptor gene family in mammalian germ cells. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.6.439-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Homology of a candidate spermatogenic gene from the mouse Y chromosome to the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.4.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Medical genetics: advances in brief: Minisatellite repeat coding as a digital approach to DNA typing. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.3.214-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Comments on important genetic topics from papers in other journals: A gene deleted in Kallmann's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.2.139-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Comments on important genetic topics from papers in other journals: GLI3 zinc-finger gene interrupted by translocations in Greig syndrome families. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.2.138-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Comments on important genetic topics from papers in other journals: Disease and evolution. J Med Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.1.70-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Where are the mu receptors that mediate opioid analgesia? An autoradiographic study in the HAR and LAR selection lines. J Addict Dis 1991; 10:29-44. [PMID: 1648410 DOI: 10.1300/j069v10n01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One line (strain) of mouse has been selectively bred in our laboratory for 15 generations to exhibit a very high sensitivity to levorphanol-induced analgesia on the hot plate assay (HAR or high antinociceptive response line). Concurrently, a second line (LAR or low antinociceptive response line) has been bred in the opposite direction, i.e., to exhibit a very low sensitivity under the same conditions. This has resulted in a 7-fold difference in sensitivity between HAR and LAR mice as a result of changes in gene frequency. Receptor autoradiographic studies with 3H-DAGO were carried out in the central gray to find receptor populations differing greatly in density between HAR and LAR mice to parallel their in vivo sensitivity differences: such receptors would then be implicated in mediating in vivo analgesia. The caudal portions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) showed 1.5- to 2-fold differences in density of mu sites, while the periaqueductal gray (PAG) showed relatively small differences. These results strongly suggest that mu receptors in a portion of the DRN are involved in mediating analgesia due to systemically administered opioids in this population of mice.
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