1
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Sanchez Gonzalez MDC, Kamerling P, Iermito M, Casati S, Riaz U, Veal CD, Maini M, Jeanson F, Benhamed OM, van Enckevort E, Landi A, Mimouni Y, Le Cornec C, Coviello DA, Franchin T, Fusco F, Ramírez García JA, van der Zanden LFM, Bernier A, Wilkinson MD, Mueller H, Gibson SJ, Brookes AJ. Common conditions of use elements. Atomic concepts for consistent and effective information governance. Sci Data 2024; 11:465. [PMID: 38719810 PMCID: PMC11078919 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myriad policy, ethical and legal considerations underpin the sharing of biological resources, implying the need for standardised and yet flexible ways to digitally represent diverse 'use conditions'. We report a core lexicon of terms that are atomic, non-directional 'concepts of use', called Common Conditions of use Elements. This work engaged biobanks and registries relevant to the European Joint Programme for Rare Diseases and aimed to produce a lexicon that would have generalised utility. Seventy-six concepts were initially identified from diverse real-world settings, and via iterative rounds of deliberation and user-testing these were optimised and condensed down to 20 items. To validate utility, support software and training information was provided to biobanks and registries who were asked to create Sharing Policy Profiles. This succeeded and involved adding standardised directionality and scope annotations to the employed terms. The addition of free-text parameters was also explored. The approach is now being adopted by several real-world projects, enabling this standard to evolve progressively into a universal basis for representing and managing conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pim Kamerling
- VASCERN ERN & Radboud University Medical Center - Center for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28 (route 260), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariapia Iermito
- Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta" |, Fondazione IRCCS Via Giovanni Celoria, 11, 20133, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Umar Riaz
- Dept. Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Colin D Veal
- Dept. Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Monika Maini
- Dept. Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Francis Jeanson
- Ontario Brain Institute, Centre for Analytics, 1 Richmond St. West, Suite 400, Toronto, Ontario, M5H3W4, Canada
| | - Oussama Mohammed Benhamed
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, Nederland
| | - Annalisa Landi
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi onlus, Via Giulio Petroni, 91/D, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Yanis Mimouni
- Thematic Institute of Genetics, Genomics & Bioinformatics, INSERM, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Clèmence Le Cornec
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospita, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Domenico A Coviello
- Dept. Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Franchin
- Research Biobank, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati- Traverso" IGB-ABT, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Ramírez García
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospita, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Loes F M van der Zanden
- ERN for Rare Urogenital Diseases and Complex Conditions (ERN eUROGEN), department of Urology & IQ Health science department, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Heimo Mueller
- BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2/B/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Spencer J Gibson
- Dept. Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Anthony J Brookes
- Dept. Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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2
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Jeanson F, Gibson SJ, Alper P, Bernier A, Woolley JP, Mietchen D, Strug A, Becker R, Kamerling P, Sanchez Gonzalez MDC, Mah N, Novakowski A, Wilkinson MD, Benhamed OM, Landi A, Krog GP, Müller H, Riaz U, Veal C, Holub P, van Enckevort E, Brookes AJ. Getting your DUCs in a row - standardising the representation of Digital Use Conditions. Sci Data 2024; 11:464. [PMID: 38719839 PMCID: PMC11078994 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving patient care and advancing scientific discovery requires responsible sharing of research data, healthcare records, biosamples, and biomedical resources that must also respect applicable use conditions. Defining a standard to structure and manage these use conditions is a complex and challenging task. This is exemplified by a near unlimited range of asset types, a high variability of applicable conditions, and differing applications at the individual or collective level. Furthermore, the specifics and granularity required are likely to vary depending on the ultimate contexts of use. All these factors confound alignment of institutional missions, funding objectives, regulatory and technical requirements to facilitate effective sharing. The presented work highlights the complexity and diversity of the problem, reviews the current state of the art, and emphasises the need for a flexible and adaptable approach. We propose Digital Use Conditions (DUC) as a framework that addresses these needs by leveraging existing standards, striking a balance between expressiveness versus ambiguity, and considering the breadth of applicable information with their context of use.
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Grants
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- 825575 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Societal Challenges | H2020 Health (H2020 Societal Challenges - Health, Demographic Change and Well-being)
- Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
- The European Reference Network on Rare Multisystemic Vascular Diseases (VASCERN), which is partly co-funded by the European Union within the framework of the EU4Health programme – “VASCERN Action Grant".
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Jeanson
- Centre for Analytics, Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Spencer J Gibson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pinar Alper
- Luxembourg National Data Service, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Patrick Woolley
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrzej Strug
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostics Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Regina Becker
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pim Kamerling
- Center for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VASCERN ERN /Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nancy Mah
- Biomedical Data & Bioethics Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oussama Mohammed Benhamed
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalisa Landi
- Research, Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Umar Riaz
- Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Colin Veal
- Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Petr Holub
- BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Computer Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Bernier A, Knoppers BM, Bermudez P, Beauvais MJS, Thorogood A, Evans A. Open Data governance at the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP): From the Walled Garden to the Arboretum. Gigascience 2024; 13:giad114. [PMID: 38217404 PMCID: PMC10787360 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific research communities pursue dual imperatives in implementing strategies to share their data. These communities attempt to maximize the accessibility of biomedical data for downstream research use, in furtherance of open science objectives. Simultaneously, such communities safeguard the interests of research participants through data stewardship measures and the integration of suitable risk disclosures to the informed consent process. The Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP) convened an Ethics and Governance Committee composed of experts in bioethics, neuroethics, and law to develop holistic policy tools, organizational approaches, and technological supports to align the open governance of data with ethical and legal norms. The CONP has adopted novel platform governance methods that favor full data openness, legitimated through the use of robust deidentification processes and informed consent practices. The experience of the CONP is articulated as a potential template for other open science efforts to further build upon. This experience highlights informed consent guidance, deidentification practices, ethicolegal metadata, platform-level norms, and commercialization and publication policies as the principal pillars of a practicable approach to the governance of open data. The governance approach adopted by the CONP stands as a viable model for the broader neuroscience and open science communities to adopt for sharing data in full open access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 740, Dr Penfield Ave, suite 5200, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 740, Dr Penfield Ave, suite 5200, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Patrick Bermudez
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael J S Beauvais
- Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Falconer Hall, 84 Queens Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C5, Canada
| | - Adrian Thorogood
- The Terry Fox Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
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4
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Bernier A, Molnár-Gábor F, Knoppers BM, Borry P, Cesar PMDG, Devriendt T, Goisauf M, Murtagh M, Jiménez PN, Recuero M, Rial-Sebbag E, Shabani M, Wilson RC, Zaccagnini D, Maxwell L. Reconciling the biomedical data commons and the GDPR: three lessons from the EUCAN ELSI collaboratory. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:69-76. [PMID: 37322132 PMCID: PMC10267538 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coming-into-force of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a watershed moment in the legal recognition of enforceable rights to informational self-determination. The rapid evolution of legal requirements applicable to data use, however, has the potential to outstrip the capabilities of networks of biomedical data users to respond to the shifting norms. It can also delegitimate established institutional bodies that are responsible for assessing and authorising the downstream use of data, including research ethics committees and institutional data custodians. These burdens are especially pronounced for clinical and research networks that are of transnational scale, because the legal compliance burden for outbound international data transfers from the EEA is especially high. Legislatures, courts, and regulators in the EU should therefore implement the following three legal changes. First, the responsibilities of particular actors in a data sharing network should be delimited through the contractual allocation of responsibilities between collaborators. Second, the use of data through secure data processing environments should not trigger the international transfer provisions of the GDPR. Third, the use of federated data analysis methodologies that do not provide analysis nodes or downstream users access to identifiable personal data as part of the outputs of those analyses should not be considered circumstances of joint controllership, nor lead to the users of non-identifiable data to be considered controllers or processors. These small clarifications of, or modifications to, the GDPR would facilitate the exchange of biomedical data amongst clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- EUCANCan: European-Canadian Cancer Network, Barcelona, Spain.
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor
- EUCANCan: European-Canadian Cancer Network, Barcelona, Spain
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- EUCANCan: European-Canadian Cancer Network, Barcelona, Spain
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal Borry
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla M D G Cesar
- Institute on Ethics & Policy for Innovation (IEPI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- RECODID: Reconciliation of Cohort Data in Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thijs Devriendt
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melanie Goisauf
- ELSI Services & Research, BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- CINECA: Common Infrastructure for International Cohorts in Europe, Canada, and Africa, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Murtagh
- EUCAN-Connect: Federated, FAIR Platform Enabling Large-Scale Analysis of High-Value Cohort Data Connecting Europe and Canada in Personalized Health, Groningen, the Netherlands
- School of Social and Political Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Pilar Nicolás Jiménez
- EUCANCan: European-Canadian Cancer Network, Barcelona, Spain
- EuCanImage: A European Cancer Image Platform Linked to Biological and Health Data for Next Generation Artificial Intelligence and Precision Medicine in Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Social and Legal Sciences Applied to the New Technosciences Research Group, Faculty of Law, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Recuero
- EUCANCan: European-Canadian Cancer Network, Barcelona, Spain
- EuCanImage: A European Cancer Image Platform Linked to Biological and Health Data for Next Generation Artificial Intelligence and Precision Medicine in Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Social and Legal Sciences Applied to the New Technosciences Research Group, Faculty of Law, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag
- CINECA: Common Infrastructure for International Cohorts in Europe, Canada, and Africa, Heidelberg, Germany
- CERPOP, Inserm, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Metamedica, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca C Wilson
- EUCAN-Connect: Federated, FAIR Platform Enabling Large-Scale Analysis of High-Value Cohort Data Connecting Europe and Canada in Personalized Health, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davide Zaccagnini
- euCanSHare: An EU-Canada Joint Infrastructure for Next-Generation Multi-Heart Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Lynkeus S.R.L, Roma, Italy
| | - Lauren Maxwell
- RECODID: Reconciliation of Cohort Data in Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Global Health, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Baltzan I, Knoppers BM, Nemetz ETA, Lerner-Ellis J, Bernier A, Devon K. The Deceased, Public Health, and Research: Proposing Legal Reforms. Biopreserv Biobank 2023. [PMID: 37943606 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little guidance concerning biomedical research using tissues from deceased individuals. Unique ethical and legal challenges gained visibility during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, when important studies using genome sequencing required access to biological materials from deceased individuals. These studies proposed to determine whether specific genomic profiles were associated with important disease outcomes. Such research has previously required consent from next-of-kin or other surrogate decision makers. Ethics waivers for such consent vary within Canada. In Ontario, research ethics boards can grant waivers of consent if the Tri-Council Policy Statement-2 conditions are met. These include that the individual is not harmed, that the materials are essential to the research, and that privacy will be protected. Conversely, in Quebec, Civil Code article 22 imposes an obligation on researchers to seek consent from next-of-kin or another surrogate decision maker with no option for waivers. It became evident to researchers that these standards can sometimes impose an impracticable balance of risks and benefits, especially in public health emergencies. We seek to establish why and when consent requirements should be waived for public health and research involving the tissues of deceased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baltzan
- McGill University Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- McGill University Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Bernier
- McGill University Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karen Devon
- Department of Surgery and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto and Women's College Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Casaletto J, Bernier A, McDougall R, Cline MS. Federated Analysis for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing: A Technical and Legal Primer. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:347-368. [PMID: 37253596 PMCID: PMC10846631 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-110122-084756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continued advances in precision medicine rely on the widespread sharing of data that relate human genetic variation to disease. However, data sharing is severely limited by legal, regulatory, and ethical restrictions that safeguard patient privacy. Federated analysis addresses this problem by transferring the code to the data-providing the technical and legal capability to analyze the data within their secure home environment rather than transferring the data to another institution for analysis. This allows researchers to gain new insights from data that cannot be moved, while respecting patient privacy and the data stewards' legal obligations. Because federated analysis is a technical solution to the legal challenges inherent in data sharing, the technology and policy implications must be evaluated together. Here, we summarize the technical approaches to federated analysis and provide a legal analysis of their policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Casaletto
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; ,
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ,
| | - Robyn McDougall
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ,
| | - Melissa S Cline
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; ,
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7
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Abstract
The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) is striving to build an open community that is inclusive of all researchers adhering to its principles and as open as possible with respect to data access and use. However, open data sharing can pose certain challenges. For instance, being a global initiative, the HCA must contend with a patchwork of local and regional privacy rules. A notable example is the implementation of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which caused some concern in the biomedical and genomic data-sharing community. We examine how the HCA's large, international group of researchers is investing tremendous efforts into ensuring appropriate sharing of data. We describe the HCA's objectives and governance, how it defines open data sharing, and ethico-legal challenges encountered early in its development; in particular, we describe the challenges prompted by the GDPR. Finally, we broaden the discussion to address tools and strategies that can be used to address ethical data governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; , ,
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; , ,
| | | | - Emily Kirby
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; , ,
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8
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Harding RJ, Bermudez P, Bernier A, Beauvais M, Bellec P, Hill S, Karakuzu A, Knoppers BM, Pavlidis P, Poline JB, Roskams J, Stikov N, Stone J, Strother S, Evans AC. The Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform-An open science framework for the neuroscience community. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011230. [PMID: 37498959 PMCID: PMC10374086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP) takes a multifaceted approach to enabling open neuroscience, aiming to make research, data, and tools accessible to everyone, with the ultimate objective of accelerating discovery. Its core infrastructure is the CONP Portal, a repository with a decentralized design, where datasets and analysis tools across disparate platforms can be browsed, searched, accessed, and shared in accordance with FAIR principles. Another key piece of CONP infrastructure is NeuroLibre, a preprint server capable of creating and hosting executable and fully reproducible scientific publications that embed text, figures, and code. As part of its holistic approach, the CONP has also constructed frameworks and guidance for ethics and data governance, provided support and developed resources to help train the next generation of neuroscientists, and has fostered and grown an engaged community through outreach and communications. In this manuscript, we provide a high-level overview of this multipronged platform and its vision of lowering the barriers to the practice of open neuroscience and yielding the associated benefits for both individual researchers and the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Harding
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Bermudez
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Beauvais
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sean Hill
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agâh Karakuzu
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montréal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Law and Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- ORIGAMI Neuro Data Science Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jane Roskams
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Neurosurgery University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nikola Stikov
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montréal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jessica Stone
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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9
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Molnar-Gabor F, Beauvais MJ, Bernier A, Nicolas P, Recuero Lineares M, Knoppers BM. Bridging the European Data Sharing Divide in Genomic Science (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37236. [DOI: 10.2196/37236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Bernier A, Molnár-Gábor F, Knoppers BM. The international data governance landscape. J Law Biosci 2022; 9:lsac005. [PMID: 35382430 PMCID: PMC8977111 DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the adoption of digital health accelerates health research increasingly relies on large quantities of biomedical data. Research institutions scattered across a large number of jurisdictions collaborate in producing and analyzing biomedical big data. National data protection legislation, for its part, grows increasingly complex and localized. To respond to heterogeneous legal requirements arising in numerous jurisdictions, decentralized health consortia must develop scalable organizational and 6 technological arrangements that enable data flows across jurisdictional boundaries. In this article, proposals are made to enable health sector organisations to align established biomedical ethics process and data analysis practices to shifting data protection norms through both public law co-regulation, private law tools, and design-oriented approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Genomics and Policy, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Law, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Bernier A, Liu H, Knoppers BM. Computational tools for genomic data de-identification: facilitating data protection law compliance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6949. [PMID: 34845213 PMCID: PMC8630085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion piece, we discuss why computational tools to limit the identifiability of genomic data are a promising avenue for privacy-preservation and legal compliance. Even where these technologies do not eliminate all residual risk of individual identification, the law may still consider such data anonymised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Hanshi Liu
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
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12
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Devriendt T, Ammann C, W. Asselbergs F, Bernier A, Costas R, Friedrich MG, Gelpi JL, Jarvelin MR, Kuulasmaa K, Lekadir K, Mayrhofer MT, Papez V, Pasterkamp G, Petersen SE, Schmidt CO, Schulz-Menger J, Söderberg S, Shabani M, Veronesi G, Viezzer DS, Borry P. An agenda-setting paper on data sharing platforms: euCanSHare workshop. Open Res Eur 2021; 1:80. [PMID: 37645200 PMCID: PMC10445835 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13860.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Various data sharing platforms are being developed to enhance the sharing of cohort data by addressing the fragmented state of data storage and access systems. However, policy challenges in several domains remain unresolved. The euCanSHare workshop was organized to identify and discuss these challenges and to set the future research agenda. Concerns over the multiplicity and long-term sustainability of platforms, lack of resources, access of commercial parties to medical data, credit and recognition mechanisms in academia and the organization of data access committees are outlined. Within these areas, solutions need to be devised to ensure an optimal functioning of platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Devriendt
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clemens Ammann
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Costas
- Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias G. Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Josep L. Gelpi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karim Lekadir
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vaclav Papez
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics Laboratories, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP-KEF, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- METAMEDICA, Department of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria in Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Darian Steven Viezzer
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Borry
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Rehm HL, Page AJ, Smith L, Adams JB, Alterovitz G, Babb LJ, Barkley MP, Baudis M, Beauvais MJ, Beck T, Beckmann JS, Beltran S, Bernick D, Bernier A, Bonfield JK, Boughtwood TF, Bourque G, Bowers SR, Brookes AJ, Brudno M, Brush MH, Bujold D, Burdett T, Buske OJ, Cabili MN, Cameron DL, Carroll RJ, Casas-Silva E, Chakravarty D, Chaudhari BP, Chen SH, Cherry JM, Chung J, Cline M, Clissold HL, Cook-Deegan RM, Courtot M, Cunningham F, Cupak M, Davies RM, Denisko D, Doerr MJ, Dolman LI, Dove ES, Dursi LJ, Dyke SO, Eddy JA, Eilbeck K, Ellrott KP, Fairley S, Fakhro KA, Firth HV, Fitzsimons MS, Fiume M, Flicek P, Fore IM, Freeberg MA, Freimuth RR, Fromont LA, Fuerth J, Gaff CL, Gan W, Ghanaim EM, Glazer D, Green RC, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Grossman RL, Groza T, Guidry Auvil JM, Guigó R, Gupta D, Haendel MA, Hamosh A, Hansen DP, Hart RK, Hartley DM, Haussler D, Hendricks-Sturrup RM, Ho CW, Hobb AE, Hoffman MM, Hofmann OM, Holub P, Hsu JS, Hubaux JP, Hunt SE, Husami A, Jacobsen JO, Jamuar SS, Janes EL, Jeanson F, Jené A, Johns AL, Joly Y, Jones SJ, Kanitz A, Kato K, Keane TM, Kekesi-Lafrance K, Kelleher J, Kerry G, Khor SS, Knoppers BM, Konopko MA, Kosaki K, Kuba M, Lawson J, Leinonen R, Li S, Lin MF, Linden M, Liu X, Liyanage IU, Lopez J, Lucassen AM, Lukowski M, Mann AL, Marshall J, Mattioni M, Metke-Jimenez A, Middleton A, Milne RJ, Molnár-Gábor F, Mulder N, Munoz-Torres MC, Nag R, Nakagawa H, Nasir J, Navarro A, Nelson TH, Niewielska A, Nisselle A, Niu J, Nyrönen TH, O’Connor BD, Oesterle S, Ogishima S, Ota Wang V, Paglione LA, Palumbo E, Parkinson HE, Philippakis AA, Pizarro AD, Prlic A, Rambla J, Rendon A, Rider RA, Robinson PN, Rodarmer KW, Rodriguez LL, Rubin AF, Rueda M, Rushton GA, Ryan RS, Saunders GI, Schuilenburg H, Schwede T, Scollen S, Senf A, Sheffield NC, Skantharajah N, Smith AV, Sofia HJ, Spalding D, Spurdle AB, Stark Z, Stein LD, Suematsu M, Tan P, Tedds JA, Thomson AA, Thorogood A, Tickle TL, Tokunaga K, Törnroos J, Torrents D, Upchurch S, Valencia A, Guimera RV, Vamathevan J, Varma S, Vears DF, Viner C, Voisin C, Wagner AH, Wallace SE, Walsh BP, Williams MS, Winkler EC, Wold BJ, Wood GM, Woolley JP, Yamasaki C, Yates AD, Yung CK, Zass LJ, Zaytseva K, Zhang J, Goodhand P, North K, Birney E. GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare. Cell Genom 2021; 1:100029. [PMID: 35072136 PMCID: PMC8774288 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L. Rehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela J.H. Page
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy B. Adams
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Baudis
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael J.S. Beauvais
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim Beck
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bernick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tiffany F. Boughtwood
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Brudno
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Distributed Infrastructure for Genomics (CanDIG), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David Bujold
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Distributed Infrastructure for Genomics (CanDIG), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Burdett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel L. Cameron
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Bimal P. Chaudhari
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shu Hui Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Justina Chung
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Cline
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mélanie Courtot
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Fiona Cunningham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L. Jonathan Dursi
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Distributed Infrastructure for Genomics (CanDIG), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan Fairley
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Khalid A. Fakhro
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helen V. Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Ian M. Fore
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mallory A. Freeberg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Lauren A. Fromont
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Clara L. Gaff
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Weiniu Gan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena M. Ghanaim
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Glazer
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Obi L. Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roderic Guigó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dipayan Gupta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Ada Hamosh
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David P. Hansen
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Reece K. Hart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
- MyOme, Inc, San Bruno, CA, USA
| | | | - David Haussler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael M. Hoffman
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver M. Hofmann
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Petr Holub
- BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Sarah E. Hunt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Ammar Husami
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Saumya S. Jamuar
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elizabeth L. Janes
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aina Jené
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amber L. Johns
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Yann Joly
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven J.M. Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Kanitz
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M. Keane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristina Kekesi-Lafrance
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Giselle Kerry
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Seik-Soon Khor
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rasko Leinonen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Stephanie Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mikael Linden
- CSC–IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland
- ELIXIR Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Isuru Udara Liyanage
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alice L. Mann
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anna Middleton
- Wellcome Connecting Science, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J. Milne
- Wellcome Connecting Science, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola Mulder
- H3ABioNet, Computational Biology Division, IDM, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Rishi Nag
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Japan Agency for Medical Research & Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Arcadi Navarro
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ania Niewielska
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Amy Nisselle
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Human Genetics Society of Australasia Education, Ethics & Social Issues Committee, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Niu
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tommi H. Nyrönen
- CSC–IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland
- ELIXIR Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Sabine Oesterle
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Vivian Ota Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Emilio Palumbo
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helen E. Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Rambla
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Renee A. Rider
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter N. Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, USA
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kurt W. Rodarmer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan F. Rubin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manuel Rueda
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Helen Schuilenburg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Torsten Schwede
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Neerjah Skantharajah
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi J. Sofia
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Spalding
- CSC–IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland
- ELIXIR Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lincoln D. Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Precision Health Research Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Alastair A. Thomson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Thorogood
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juha Törnroos
- CSC–IT Center for Science, Espoo, Finland
- ELIXIR Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Torrents
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean Upchurch
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jessica Vamathevan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Susheel Varma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Danya F. Vears
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Human Genetics Society of Australasia Education, Ethics & Social Issues Committee, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Coby Viner
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alex H. Wagner
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eva C. Winkler
- Section of Translational Medical Ethics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew D. Yates
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Christina K. Yung
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Indoc Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lyndon J. Zass
- H3ABioNet, Computational Biology Division, IDM, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ksenia Zaytseva
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Goodhand
- Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Lang M, Bernier A, Knoppers BM. AI in Cardiovascular Imaging: "Unexplainable" Legal and Ethical Challenges? Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:225-233. [PMID: 34737036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowhere is the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) likely to be more profoundly felt than in healthcare, from patient triage and diagnosis to surgery and follow-up. Over the medium term, these impacts will be more acute in the cardiovascular imaging context, in which AI models are already successfully performing at roughly human levels of accuracy and efficiency in certain applications. Yet, the adoption of unexplainable AI systems for cardiovascular imaging still raises significant legal and ethical challenges. We focus in particular on challenges posed by the unexplainable character of deep learning and other forms of sophisticated AI modelling used for cardiovascular imaging by briefly outlining the systems being developed in this space, describing how they work, and considering how they might generate outputs that are not reviewable by physicians or system programmers. We suggest that an unexplainable tendency presents two specific ethico-legal concerns: (1) difficulty for health regulators and (2) confusion about the assignment of liability for error or fault in the use of AI systems. We suggest that addressing these concerns is critical for ensuring AI's successful implementation in cardiovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lang
- Academic Associate, Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Academic Associate, Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Full Professor, Canada Research Chair in Law and Medicine and Director of the Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
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15
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Hallinan D, Bernier A, Cambon-Thomsen A, Crawley FP, Dimitrova D, Medeiros CB, Nilsonne G, Parker S, Pickering B, Rennes S. International transfers of personal data for health research following Schrems II: a problem in need of a solution. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1502-1509. [PMID: 33953344 PMCID: PMC8099706 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
On 16 July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued their decision in the Schrems II case concerning Facebook's transfers of personal data from the EU to the US. The decision may have significant effects on the legitimate transfer of personal data for health research purposes from the EU. This article aims: (i) to outline the consequences of the Schrems II decision for the sharing of personal data for health research between the EU and third countries, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and, (ii) to consider certain options available to address the consequences of the decision and to facilitate international data exchange for health research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Hallinan
- FIZ Karlsruhe-Leibniz-Institut für Informationsinfrastruktur, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bernier
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Genomics and Policy, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Cambon-Thomsen
- CNRS, Center for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation health (CERPOP), Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Joint Unit 1295, Toulouse, France
| | - Francis P Crawley
- Good Clinical Practice Alliance-Europe (GCPA) and Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diana Dimitrova
- FIZ Karlsruhe-Leibniz-Institut für Informationsinfrastruktur, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Swedish National Data Service, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Parker
- Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- German Human Genome-phenome Archive, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stéphanie Rennes
- INRAE, Direction des affaires juridiques, Paris, France
- University of Strasbourg, Bureau d'économie théorique et appliquée, Joint Unit 7522, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Abstract
Technological innovations including risk-stratification algorithms and large databases of longitudinal population health data and genetic data are allowing us to develop a deeper understanding how individual behaviors, characteristics, and genetics are related to health risk. The clinical implementation of risk-stratified screening programmes that utilise risk scores to allocate patients into tiers of health risk is foreseeable in the future. Legal and ethical challenges associated with risk-stratified cancer care must, however, be addressed. Obtaining access to the rich health data that are required to perform risk-stratification, ensuring equitable access to risk-stratified care, ensuring that algorithms that perform risk-scoring are representative of human genetic diversity, and determining the appropriate follow-up to be provided to stratification participants to alert them to changes in their risk score are among the principal ethical and legal challenges. Accounting for the great burden that regulatory requirements could impose on access to risk-scoring technologies is another critical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartha M. Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; (A.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; (A.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Palmira Granados Moreno
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; (A.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
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17
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Abstract
Our research compares the ethical and institutional conditions that govern the sharing and secondary use of longitudinal population health data from multiple cohorts. The data use and data sharing conditions applicable to 27 population health cohorts were assessed. This assessment was performed in consulting the informed consent materials and institutional policies applicable to the use of data. Descriptions drawn from the research ethics consent materials were refined through dialog with the institutional staff responsible for overseeing access to data, where possible. Our results demonstrate that data of longitudinal population health cohorts assessed can generally be shared and used for secondary purposes. However, the purposes of secondary use and the preconditions applicable thereto are highly variable. Heterogeneous use conditions can also impede the storage of legacy research data and the pooling thereof for the purpose of common reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Pickering B, Biro T, Austin CC, Bernier A, Bezuidenhout L, Casorrán C, Crawley FP, David R, Engelhardt C, Mitrea G, Mochmann IC, Nagrani R, O'Brien-Uhlmansiek M, Parker S, Wang M, Castro LJ, Cournia Z, Dharmawardena K, Diallo G, Dillo I, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Gururaj A, Gutam S, Harrower N, Jonnagaddala J, McNeill K, Mietchen D, Pienta A, Polydoratou P, Tovani-Palone MR. Radical collaboration during a global health emergency: development of the RDA COVID-19 data sharing recommendations and guidelines. Open Res Eur 2021; 1:69. [PMID: 37645170 PMCID: PMC10446077 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13369.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic required a rapid and effective response. This included ethical and legally appropriate sharing of data. The European Commission (EC) called upon the Research Data Alliance (RDA) to recruit experts worldwide to quickly develop recommendations and guidelines for COVID-related data sharing. Purpose: The purpose of the present work was to explore how the RDA succeeded in engaging the participation of its community of scientists in a rapid response to the EC request. Methods: A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed among RDA COVID-19 work group members. A mixed-methods approach was used for analysis of the survey data. Results: The three constructs of radical collaboration (inclusiveness, distributed digital practices, productive and sustainable collaboration) were found to be well supported in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the survey data. Other social factors, such as motivation and group identity were also found to be important to the success of this extreme collaborative effort. Conclusions: Recommendations and suggestions for future work were formulated for consideration by the RDA to strengthen effective expert collaboration and interdisciplinary efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timea Biro
- Digital Repository of Ireland / Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis P. Crawley
- Good Clinical Practice Alliance - Europe (GCPA) / Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Romain David
- European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents, Paris, France
| | | | - Geta Mitrea
- Carol I National Defence University, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS), Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Simon Parker
- The German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Zoe Cournia
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ingrid Dillo
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anupama Gururaj
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Fairfax, USA
| | - Sridhar Gutam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Natalie Harrower
- Digital Repository of Ireland / Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Daniel Mietchen
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Amy Pienta
- ICPSR-University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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19
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Austin CC, Bernier A, Bezuidenhout L, Bicarregui J, Biro T, Cambon-Thomsen A, Carroll SR, Cournia Z, Dabrowski PW, Diallo G, Duflot T, Garcia L, Gesing S, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Gururaj A, Harrower N, Lin D, Medeiros C, Méndez E, Meyers N, Mietchen D, Nagrani R, Nilsonne G, Parker S, Pickering B, Pienta A, Polydoratou P, Psomopoulos F, Rennes S, Rowe R, Sansone SA, Shanahan H, Sitz L, Stocks J, Tovani-Palone MR, Uhlmansiek M. Fostering global data sharing: highlighting the recommendations of the Research Data Alliance COVID-19 working group. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:267. [PMID: 33501381 PMCID: PMC7808050 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16378.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic require cross-disciplinary collaboration in a global and timely fashion. Such collaboration needs open research practices and the sharing of research outputs, such as data and code, thereby facilitating research and research reproducibility and timely collaboration beyond borders. The Research Data Alliance COVID-19 Working Group recently published a set of recommendations and guidelines on data sharing and related best practices for COVID-19 research. These guidelines include recommendations for clinicians, researchers, policy- and decision-makers, funders, publishers, public health experts, disaster preparedness and response experts, infrastructure providers from the perspective of different domains (Clinical Medicine, Omics, Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Community Participation, Indigenous Peoples, Research Software, Legal and Ethical Considerations), and other potential users. These guidelines include recommendations for researchers, policymakers, funders, publishers and infrastructure providers from the perspective of different domains (Clinical Medicine, Omics, Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Community Participation, Indigenous Peoples, Research Software, Legal and Ethical Considerations). Several overarching themes have emerged from this document such as the need to balance the creation of data adherent to FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable), with the need for quick data release; the use of trustworthy research data repositories; the use of well-annotated data with meaningful metadata; and practices of documenting methods and software. The resulting document marks an unprecedented cross-disciplinary, cross-sectoral, and cross-jurisdictional effort authored by over 160 experts from around the globe. This letter summarises key points of the Recommendations and Guidelines, highlights the relevant findings, shines a spotlight on the process, and suggests how these developments can be leveraged by the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Austin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 boul. St-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Bezuidenhout
- Institute for Science, Innovation and Society, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, UK
| | - Juan Bicarregui
- UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Timea Biro
- Digital Repository of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson St, Dublin 2, D02 HH58, Ireland
| | | | - Stephanie Russo Carroll
- Native Nations Institute at the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy and the College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 803 E First ST, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Zoe Cournia
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | | | - Gayo Diallo
- BPH INSERM1219 & LaBRI, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Department of Clinical Research, Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France
| | - Leyla Garcia
- ZB MED Information Centre for Life Sciences, Gleueler Str 60, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Sandra Gesing
- University of Notre Dame Center for Research Computing, 814 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Anupama Gururaj
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Natalie Harrower
- Digital Repository of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson St, Dublin 2, D02 HH58, Ireland
| | - Dawei Lin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Claudia Medeiros
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Av Albert Einstein 1251, Campinas, São Paulo, 13082-853, Brazil
| | - Eva Méndez
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/ Madrid, 128, Getafe (Madrid), 28903, Spain
| | - Natalie Meyers
- 250D Navari Center for Digital Scholarship, Hesburgh Library, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Daniel Mietchen
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400249, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Karolinska Institutet & Swedish National Data Service, Nobels väg 9, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Simon Parker
- Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Brian Pickering
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amy Pienta
- ICPSR, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Panayiota Polydoratou
- OpenEdition/Department of Library Science, Archives and Information Systems, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Thessaloniki, 57400, Greece
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Stephanie Rennes
- INRAE National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, 147 Rue de l'Université, Paris, 75007, France
| | - Robyn Rowe
- Laurentian University, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Susanna-Assunta Sansone
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
| | - Hugh Shanahan
- Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Bedford Building, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Lina Sitz
- Indepedent Researcher, Strada Costiera, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Joanne Stocks
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Mary Uhlmansiek
- Research Data Alliance - US Region (RDA-US), c/o Ronin Institute, 127 Haddon Place, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
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20
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Austin CC, Bernier A, Bezuidenhout L, Bicarregui J, Biro T, Cambon-Thomsen A, Carroll SR, Cournia Z, Dabrowski PW, Diallo G, Duflot T, Garcia L, Gesing S, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Gururaj A, Harrower N, Lin D, Medeiros C, Méndez E, Meyers N, Mietchen D, Nagrani R, Nilsonne G, Parker S, Pickering B, Pienta A, Polydoratou P, Psomopoulos F, Rennes S, Rowe R, Sansone SA, Shanahan H, Sitz L, Stocks J, Tovani-Palone MR, Uhlmansiek M. Fostering global data sharing: highlighting the recommendations of the Research Data Alliance COVID-19 working group. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:267. [PMID: 33501381 PMCID: PMC7808050 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16378.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic require cross-disciplinary collaboration in a global and timely fashion. Such collaboration needs open research practices and the sharing of research outputs, such as data and code, thereby facilitating research and research reproducibility and timely collaboration beyond borders. The Research Data Alliance COVID-19 Working Group recently published a set of recommendations and guidelines on data sharing and related best practices for COVID-19 research. These guidelines include recommendations for researchers, policymakers, funders, publishers and infrastructure providers from the perspective of different domains (Clinical Medicine, Omics, Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Community Participation, Indigenous Peoples, Research Software, Legal and Ethical Considerations). Several overarching themes have emerged from this document such as the need to balance the creation of data adherent to FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable), with the need for quick data release; the use of trustworthy research data repositories; the use of well-annotated data with meaningful metadata; and practices of documenting methods and software. The resulting document marks an unprecedented cross-disciplinary, cross-sectoral, and cross-jurisdictional effort authored by over 160 experts from around the globe. This letter summarises key points of the Recommendations and Guidelines, highlights the relevant findings, shines a spotlight on the process, and suggests how these developments can be leveraged by the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Austin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 boul. St-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, 740, avenue Dr. Penfield, suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Bezuidenhout
- Institute for Science, Innovation and Society, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, UK
| | - Juan Bicarregui
- UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Timea Biro
- Digital Repository of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson St, Dublin 2, D02 HH58, Ireland
| | | | - Stephanie Russo Carroll
- Native Nations Institute at the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy and the College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 803 E First ST, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Zoe Cournia
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | | | - Gayo Diallo
- BPH INSERM1219 & LaBRI, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Department of Clinical Research, Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France
| | - Leyla Garcia
- ZB MED Information Centre for Life Sciences, Gleueler Str 60, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Sandra Gesing
- University of Notre Dame Center for Research Computing, 814 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Anupama Gururaj
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Natalie Harrower
- Digital Repository of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson St, Dublin 2, D02 HH58, Ireland
| | - Dawei Lin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Claudia Medeiros
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Av Albert Einstein 1251, Campinas, São Paulo, 13082-853, Brazil
| | - Eva Méndez
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, C/ Madrid, 128, Getafe (Madrid), 28903, Spain
| | - Natalie Meyers
- 250D Navari Center for Digital Scholarship, Hesburgh Library, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Daniel Mietchen
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400249, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Karolinska Institutet & Swedish National Data Service, Nobels väg 9, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Simon Parker
- Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Brian Pickering
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amy Pienta
- ICPSR, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Panayiota Polydoratou
- OpenEdition/Department of Library Science, Archives and Information Systems, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Thessaloniki, 57400, Greece
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Stephanie Rennes
- INRAE National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, 147 Rue de l'Université, Paris, 75007, France
| | - Robyn Rowe
- Laurentian University, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Susanna-Assunta Sansone
- Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 7 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QG, UK
| | - Hugh Shanahan
- Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Bedford Building, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Lina Sitz
- Indepedent Researcher, Strada Costiera, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - Joanne Stocks
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Mary Uhlmansiek
- Research Data Alliance - US Region (RDA-US), c/o Ronin Institute, 127 Haddon Place, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
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21
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Beauchamp MH, Séguin M, Gagner C, Lalonde G, Bernier A. The PARENT model: a pathway approach for understanding parents’ role after early childhood mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:846-867. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1834621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Séguin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - C. Gagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - G. Lalonde
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - A. Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
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22
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Bernier A, Perrineau S, Reques L, Bouscaillou J, Luhman N. Superiority of Xpert ® MTB/RIF in detecting TB among drug users in Ivory Coast. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:969-970. [PMID: 33156767 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Reques
- Médecins du Monde, Paris, France ,
| | | | - N Luhman
- Médecins du Monde, Paris, France ,
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23
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Bernier A, Knoppers BM. Correction to: Pandemics, privacy, and public health research. Can J Public Health 2020; 111:458. [PMID: 32661934 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the section entitled "Responsive and responsible data sharing,".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G1, Canada
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Abstract
Sharing data expediently for pandemic response purposes exposes healthcare providers in Canada to significant regulatory uncertainty. Duplicative and contradictory ethical and legal duties flowing from overlapping sources can stifle flows of medical data among clinicians, researchers, and institutions. Authorities should support caregivers and accelerate research by providing clear guidance to the health sector. Institutions should foster robust data stewardship and standardize their practices to those recognized among the international health informatics community. Reform is critical to ensuring Canadian healthcare providers can deliver efficient health responses that are integrated with dispersed and disparate national and international approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 740, Avenue Dr. Penfield, Suite 5200, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G1, Canada
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Abstract
The Canadian Genomics Partnership for Rare Diseases, spearheaded by Genome Canada, will integrate genome-wide sequencing to rare disease clinical care in Canada. Centralized and tiered models of data stewardship are proposed to ensure that the data generated can be shared for secondary clinical, research, and quality assurance purposes in compliance with ethics and law. The principal ethico-legal obligations of clinicians, researchers, and institutions are synthesized. Governance infrastructures such as registered access platforms, data access compliance offices, and Beacon systems are proposed as potential organizational and technical foundations of responsible rare disease data sharing. The appropriate delegation of responsibilities, the transparent communication of rights and duties, and the integration of data privacy safeguards into infrastructure design are proposed as the cornerstones of rare disease data stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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Black M, Karki J, Lee A, Makai P, Baral Y, Kritsotakis E, Bernier A, Fossier Heckmann A. The health risks of informal waste workers in the Kathmandu Valley: a cross-sectional survey. Public Health 2019; 166:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bernier A, Amador Y, Sagan S, Wilson JA. A186 INVESTIGATION OF THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MIR-122 AGAINST CELLULAR SENSORS OF RNA AT THE 5’ TERMINUS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS GENOME. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Bernier
- Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Amador
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - S Sagan
- Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J A Wilson
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Bernier A, Landry J, Kristof A, Carmant L, Major P. 2. Characterization of the tuberous sclerosis complex population in the province of Quebec: Healthcare services utilization and long term outcome. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bernier A, Le Goaster C, Peigue-Lafeuille H, Floret D. Survey of delivery of prophylactic immunoglobulins following exposure to a measles case. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17. [PMID: 23041023 DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.39.20280-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In France, almost 23,000 cases of measles and 10 deaths have been reported between January 2008 and August 2012. French health authorities recommend delivery of human polyvalent immunoglobulins in the event of exposure to a measles case for some categories of unvaccinated persons (children under the age of 12 months, immunocompromised persons and pregnant women), within six days after exposure and following laboratory confirmation of the contact case. We carried out a postal survey among 368 French hospital pharmacies to evaluate the number of persons affected by this measure between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2011, to describe the characteristics of these patients and to evaluate the application of the recommendations in terms of delay between exposure and immunoglobulin delivery, and confirmation of the contact case. The response rate to the survey was 73%. In total, 400 immunoglobulin deliveries were listed, most of them for children under the age of one year, and 84% of the 250 administrations with available information occurred within six days after exposure, as recommended. However, only 48% of the 209 treated contacts with available information were laboratory-confirmed when the immunoglobulins were delivered. This survey is the first evaluation of this recommendation since its introduction in 2005 and suggests that the recommendations may need to be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernier
- Haut Conseil de la Sante Publique, Paris, France.
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Transfiguracion J, Bernier A, Arcand N, Chahal P, Kamen A. Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantification of adenovirus type 5 particles. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 761:187-94. [PMID: 11587348 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An anion-exchange-high-performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC) method for the quantification of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) total particles was validated according to performance criteria of precision, specificity, linearity of calibration and range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy and recovery. The viral particles were detected by absorbance at 260 nm using photodiode array detector (PDA). Cesium chloride (CsCl) purified Ad5 and lysate samples were used for the validation of the method. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the inter-day, intra-day precision and reproducibility for both the lysate and the Ad5 standard were less than 10 and 2% for the peak area and retention time, respectively. The method was specific for Ad5 which was eluted at 8.0 min. The presence of DNA does not affect the recovery of Ad5 particles for accurate quantification. Based on the error in prediction to be less than 10%, the working range was established between 2 x 10(10) and 7 x 10(10) VP/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.99975, standard deviation of 6.14 x 10(9) VP/ml and a slope of 3.04 x 10(5) VP/ml. The recovery of the method varied between 88 and 106% in all of the lysate samples investigated which is statistically similar to 100% recovery at 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Transfiguracion
- Animal Cell Technology and Downstream Processing Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec
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Klyushnichenko V, Bernier A, Kamen A, Harmsen E. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method in the analysis of adenovirus particles. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 755:27-36. [PMID: 11393714 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed a HPLC method on a novel continuous bed matrix (UNO Q, Bio-Rad) for the direct quantification of adenoviral type 5 (Ad5) particles produced in 293S Human Embryonic Kidney cells and compared this with an existing HPLC method on a conventional ion-exchange resin (Resource Q, Pharmacia). The 293S cell extract contained large amounts of DNA. This contaminated the viral peak on the Resource Q column and only after Benzonase treatment was it possible to quantify the viral particles in the cell extract. In contrast, the virus peak on the UNO Q column was resolved from the DNA which eliminates the need for pretreatment of the sample with Benzonase. Cross-analysis of the Ad5 fraction from the UNO Q column using a size-exclusion HPLC column revealed no additional contaminating peaks. We conclude that the purity of the Ad5 virus peak on the continuous bed matrix UNO Q column was superior to the purity of the virus on the conventional Resource Q column, which is essential for reliable quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Klyushnichenko
- Biotechnology Research Institute, NRC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
This study examined the mediational link between attachment state of mind, social support processes and personal adjustment. The Adult Attachment Interview was administered to 62 adolescents during their college transition. At the end of high school and during their first semester in college, students completed questionnaires pertaining to primary and secondary appraisals; coping and personal adjustment were assessed through self- and peer-report questionnaires. A dismissing tendency was related to difficulty in getting assistance from peers and teachers and to peer-reported withdrawal. A preoccupied tendency was associated with stress regarding the transition, distrust in potential supporters, difficulty seeking help from teachers, and loneliness. Moreover, stress, distrust and help-seeking mediated the link between preoccupied attachment and loneliness, whereas the relation between dismissing attachment and withdrawal was not mediated by help-seeking. Cognitive and behavioral attachment processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larose
- Département d'etudes sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, Faculté des Sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
The storage pattern of gonadotrophins in the ewe pituitary was investigated during the oestrous cycle and after desensitization to GnRH using long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist, buserelin. Oestrous cycles in ewes were synchronized with progestagen sponges. Animals were allocated to two experiments. In the first, ewes were killed 36 h (before the preovulatory surge, n = 4), 48 h (end of the preovulatory surge, n = 5), 72 h (post-ovulation, n = 4) and 240 h (luteal phase, n = 3) after sponge removal. In the second experiment, another progestagen sponge was inserted in ewes 84 h after removal of the first sponge. Four ewes were infused continuously with buserelin (50 micrograms/day) for 15 days before killing. A further four ewes received no buserelin (controls). Pituitaries were collected and processed for immunocytochemistry to detect monohormonal (LH or FSH) and multihormonal (LH/FSH) cells. The percentages of LH or FSH immunoreactive cells in the pituitary were lower at the end of the preovulatory surge (7.4 +/- 0.3% and 1.2 +/- 0.3% respectively) compared with the other stages (11.4 +/- 0.5% and 5.4 +/- 0.7% respectively). Analysis of dual immunostaining showed the existence of monohormonal cells for LH and multihormonal cells (LH/FSH). No monohormonal cell for FSH was detected except at the end of the preovulatory surge when a few monohormonal FSH cells appeared (0.1 +/- 0.01% of pituitary cells). The percentage of monohormonal LH cells in the pituitary gland was similar in all studied stages of the oestrous cycle, whereas the percentage of multihormonal cells was lower at the end of the surge. In agonist-treated ewes, the percentages of LH or FSH immunoreactive cells (5.3 +/- 0.5% and 1.5 +/- 0.8% respectively) were decreased compared with controls (9.4 +/- 1% and 7.5 +/- 1.1% respectively). Analysis of the double immunostaining revealed a few monohormonal FSH cells (0.2 +/- 0.01% of pituitary cells) in agonist-treated ewes but not in controls. The percentage of monohormonal LH cells in the pituitary gland increased from 1.9 +/- 0.2% in controls to 3.8 +/- 0.3% in agonist-treated ewes, whereas multihormonal cells dropped from 7.5 +/- 1.1% to 1.3 +/- 0.7%. Our data suggest, therefore, that multihormonal cells contribute to gonadotrophin secretion, either during the preovulatory surge of the oestrous cycle or during the 'flare-up' effect initially induced by a GnRH agonist. Moreover, the appearance of monohormonal FSH cells in some conditions reflects a differential regulation of LH and FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taragnat
- Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction des Mammifères Domestiques, URA-CNRS 1291, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
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Bernier A, Admaiai L, Grange P. Synthesis and characterization of titanium pillared clays Influence of the temperature of preparation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-9834(91)80071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bernier A, Millie P. The Hg–H2 system: Potential energy surfaces of the low‐lying states, reactivity of the 6s6p states of Hg on H2, classical dynamic study of Hg(3P1)+H2 half collision. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.454695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rocha P, Baron B, Lacombe P, Bernier A, Kahn JC, Liot F, Bourdarias JP. Aortic percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in elderly patients by balloon larger than aortic anulus. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1988; 15:81-8. [PMID: 3180212 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1810150204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four elderly patients (79 +/- 7 years) with long-standing calcified aortic stenosis have been divided in two comparable groups of 12. The first group was treated with 19 mm balloon percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty, where the balloon diameter was always smaller than the aortic anulus diameter. Peak-to-peak aortic valve gradient decreased from 76 +/- 32 mmHg to 30 +/- 19 (P less than .05), and the aortic valve area, calculated by Gorlin formula, increased from 0.40 +/- 0.17 cm2 to 0.57 +/- 0.17 (P less than .05). The second group was treated with a trefoil 25 mm balloon, always larger than the aortic anulus diameter. In this second group, peak-to-peak aortic valve gradient decreased from 73 +/- 34 mmHg to 23 +/- 15 (P less than .05), and aortic valve area increased from 0.47 +/- 0.14 cm2 to 0.88 +/- 0.36 (P less than .05), increasing thus more than in group I (P less than .05). Clinical tolerance to balloon inflation was not the same according to individual patients but was similar between the two groups; complications were comparable in the two groups. These results suggest that aortic valvuloplasty by trefoil balloon larger than aortic anulus can provide wider aortic valve area without increasing complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rocha
- Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France
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39
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Abstract
The problem of mobility associated with four-bar linkages is addressed in this paper. The mobility analysis is reduced to finding the global extrema of a quadratic function on a cylinder, which then leads to the geometric problem of finding the intersections of a circle and a hyperbola. The method proposed here produces an efficient mobility analysis that can be readily integrated into any suitable optimization algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Angeles
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotic Mechanical Systems Laboratory—McRCIM, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - A. Bernier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Robotic Mechanical Systems Laboratory—McRCIM, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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Benaim R, Ameur A, Bernier A, Calvo G. [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in chronic cardiac failure]. Presse Med 1983; 12:1489-90. [PMID: 6222347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Kalmanson D, Veyrat C, Bernier A, Witchitz S, Chiche P. Opening snap and isovolumic relaxation period in relation to mitral valve flow in patients with mitral stenosis. Significance of A2--OS interval. Br Heart J 1976; 38:135-46. [PMID: 1259828 PMCID: PMC482984 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.38.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In 15 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis and in a control group of 11 patients without mitral stenosis the blood flow velocity through the mitral valve orifice was recorded by means of a directional Doppler ultrasound velocity catheter introduced transeptally and positioned in the orifice of the mitral valve. A simultaneous surface phonocardiogram was obtained. The timing of the mitral opening snap in relation to the blood velocity record of the flow through the valve supported the hypothesis that the opening snap is due to a sudden tensing of the valve leaflets by the chordae tendineae. Determination of the exact time of mitral valve opening, made possible by the blood velocity record, led to the division of the classical A2-0S interval (aortic valve closure to opening snap) into two components representing respectively the diastolic isovolumic relaxation period and the time of excursion of the mitral valve cusps. The durations of the isovolumic relaxation period were compared with those in the control patients and were found to correlate with the severity of the mitral stenosis, whereas those of the excursion time of the mitral cusps were influenced by the presence or absence of mitral valve calcification.
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Kalmanson D, Veyrat C, Bernier A, Savier CH, Chiche P, Witchitz S. Diagnosis and evaluation of mitral valve disease using transseptal Doppler ultrasound catheterization. Heart 1975; 37:257-71. [PMID: 1138730 PMCID: PMC483964 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.37.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 33 patients with confirmed mitral valve disease, the mitral valve flow velocity traces were recorded by means of a directional Doppler ultrasonic velocimeter using the transseptal route, and correlated with the clinical and haemodynamic data. In all cases, characteristic anomalies of the mitral flow velocity patterns were noted and could be related to the type of lesion, stenosis, regurgitation, or a combination of these. Furthermore, specific patterns of the flow velocity traces were shown to correlate satisfactorily with the degree of severity of the disease. The authors propose a pathophysiological interpretation of the anomalies of the velocity patterns, based on turbulence for stenosis and backward flow wave for regurgitation. They conclude that the transseptal directional Doppler catheterization provides a new reliable method for establishing the diagnosis and grading the severity of mitral valve disease using pattern recognition, and, moreover, offers a new approach to the understanding of mitral haemodynamic disturbances on a beat-to-beat basis.
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Kalmanson D, Bernier A, Veyrat C, Witchitz S, Savier CH, Chiche P. Normal pattern and physiological significance of mitral valve flow velocity recorded using transseptal directional Doppler ultrasound catheterization. Heart 1975; 37:249-56. [PMID: 1138729 PMCID: PMC483963 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.37.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 10 cardiac patients in whom an organic lesion of the mitral valve was exluded by standard investigation procedures during which a diagnostic transseptal catheterization for pressure measurements in the left heart was performed, the authors placed a directional Doppler ultrasonic catheter tip velocimeter at the site of the mitral ring and recorded the mitral flow velocity traces. The pattern of these normal curves is presented and a physiological interpretation proposed. The relation between the mitral flow velocity and low volume curves is discussed in the light of present experimental data on mitral valve flow velocity profiles and variations in size of the mitral orifice. The authors concluded that the flow velocity curves obtained by the Doppler technique constitute a valid physiological reference system for the study of the mitral valve flow velocity tracings that can be recorded in the various forms of mitral valve disease.
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Kalmanson D, Savier CH, Bernier A, Annebicque A, Derai C, Veyrat C, Chiche P. [Velocimetric recording of mitral output by transseptal Doppler catheterization. Preliminary report and 1st results in humans]. Nouv Presse Med 1972; 1:2693-4. [PMID: 4639604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Binet L, Binet P, Miocque M, Roux M, Bernier A. [Pharmacodynamic properties (sedative action and spasmolytic action) of several aliphatic terpene alcohols]. Ann Pharm Fr 1972; 30:611-6. [PMID: 4662184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ardaillou R, Paillard F, Savier C, Bernier A. Renal uptake of radioiodinated human calcitonin in man. Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol 1971; 16:1031-6. [PMID: 5139842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bernier A, Sicot N, Le Douarec JC. [Comparative action of fenfluramine and amphetamine in rats with hypothalamic obesity]. Rev Fr Etud Clin Biol 1969; 14:762-72. [PMID: 4904574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Marin A, Bernier A. SYPHILITIC ULCERATIONS WITH THE HISTOLOGICAL PICTURE OF A PRICKLE CARCINOMA CURED BY ANTI-LUETIC TREATMENT. Can Med Assoc J 1938; 39:336-337. [PMID: 20321112 PMCID: PMC536747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Marin
- Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal
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