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Chebbah D, Elissa N, Nicolas P, Levy V, Vingataramin Y, Bennouna A, Jan J, Izri A, Akhoundi M. Effectiveness of heat treatment in rapid control of bed bugs in environmental conditions resembling their natural habitats. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1147-1155. [PMID: 37115096 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated lethal temperatures and times for killing bed bugs in diverse covered and uncovered conditions simulating their natural habitats. A total of 5400 adult bed bugs were collected alive from 17 infested locations in Paris. They were morphologically identified in laboratory as Cimex lectularius. They were then distributed in multiple sets of 30 specimens to examine in covered (tissue, furniture, mattress or blanket) and uncovered (direct exposure) conditions and in diverse step-function temperatures (50, 55 and 60°C) and times (15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes), replicated three times. Effective mortality was observed in 1080 specimens exposed directly to 50°C for 60 minutes. In specimens covered by tissue (1080 specimens), furniture (1080) or mattress (1080), all were dead at 60°C within 60 minutes. The specimens covered by blanket (1080) at the same temperature were dead after 120 minutes. A 60-minutes delay in reaching to lethal temperature within blanket compared to uncovered thermometer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, France
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nicolas
- Biochemical Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Vincent Levy
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, CHU Avicenne, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Amal Bennouna
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, Paris, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE : RAix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
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Bennouna A, Tantely ML, Raharinosy V, Andriamandimby SF, Bigot T, Chrétien D, Jacquemet E, Volant S, Temmam S, Dussart P, Lacoste V, Girod R, Eloit M. Comprehensive Characterization of Viral Diversity of Female Mosquitoes in Madagascar. Viruses 2023; 15:1852. [PMID: 37766259 PMCID: PMC10537517 DOI: 10.3390/v15091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity and circulation of arboviruses are not much studied in Madagascar. The fact is that arboviral emergences are rarely detected. The existing surveillance system primarily relies on serological detection and records only a few human infections annually. The city of Mahajanga, however, experienced a confirmed dengue fever epidemic in 2020 and 2021. This study aimed to characterize and analyze the virome of mosquitoes collected in Mahajanga, near patients with dengue-like syndromes to detect known and unknown viruses as well as investigate the factors contributing to the relative low circulation of arboviruses in the area. A total of 4280 mosquitoes representing at least 12 species from the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genera were collected during the dry and the rainy seasons from three sites, following an urbanization gradient. The virome analysis of 2192 female mosquitoes identified a diverse range of viral families and genera and revealed different patterns that are signatures of the influence of the mosquito genus or the season of collection on the composition and abundance of the virome. Despite the absence of known human or veterinary arboviruses, the identification and characterization of viral families, genera, and species in the mosquito virome contribute to our understanding of viral ecology and diversity within mosquito populations in Madagascar. This study serves as a foundation for ongoing surveillance efforts and provides a basis for the development of preventive strategies against various mosquito-borne viral diseases, including known arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bennouna
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michael Luciano Tantely
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar; (M.L.T.)
| | | | | | - Thomas Bigot
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Chrétien
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elise Jacquemet
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar
| | - Romain Girod
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo 101 1274, Madagascar; (M.L.T.)
| | - Marc Eloit
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- The WOAH (OIE) Collaborating Center for the Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, University of Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Gil P, Exbrayat A, Loire E, Rakotoarivony I, Charriat F, Morel C, Baldet T, Boisseau M, Marie A, Frances B, L’Ambert G, Bessat M, Otify Y, Goffredo M, Mancini G, Busquets N, Birnberg L, Talavera S, Aranda C, Ayari E, Mejri S, Sghaier S, Bennouna A, El Rhaffouli H, Balenghien T, Chlyeh G, Fassi Fihri O, Reveillaud J, Simonin Y, Eloit M, Gutierrez S. Spatial scale influences the distribution of viral diversity in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead054. [PMID: 37719779 PMCID: PMC10504824 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the diversity of eukaryotic viruses has recently undergone a massive expansion. This diversity could influence host physiology through yet unknown phenomena of potential interest to the fields of health and food production. However, the assembly processes of this diversity remain elusive in the eukaryotic viromes of terrestrial animals. This situation hinders hypothesis-driven tests of virome influence on host physiology. Here, we compare taxonomic diversity between different spatial scales in the eukaryotic virome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. This mosquito is a vector of human pathogens worldwide. The experimental design involved sampling in five countries in Africa and Europe around the Mediterranean Sea and large mosquito numbers to ensure a thorough exploration of virus diversity. A group of viruses was found in all countries. This core group represented a relatively large and diverse fraction of the virome. However, certain core viruses were not shared by all host individuals in a given country, and their infection rates fluctuated between countries and years. Moreover, the distribution of coinfections in individual mosquitoes suggested random co-occurrence of those core viruses. Our results also suggested differences in viromes depending on geography, with viromes tending to cluster depending on the continent. Thus, our results unveil that the overlap in taxonomic diversity can decrease with spatial scale in the eukaryotic virome of C. pipiens. Furthermore, our results show that integrating contrasted spatial scales allows us to identify assembly patterns in the mosquito virome. Such patterns can guide future studies of virome influence on mosquito physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gil
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Antoni Exbrayat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Florian Charriat
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Côme Morel
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Michel Boisseau
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Bessat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Yehia Otify
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5410012, Egypt
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain
| | - Emna Ayari
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Selma Mejri
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Sghaier
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie - Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bennouna
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | | | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ghita Chlyeh
- Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Unité de Zoologie, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Institute, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris 75015, France
- Institut Pasteur, The OIE Collaborating Centre for Detection and Identification in Humans of Emerging Animal Pathogens, Paris 75724, France
- École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Serafin Gutierrez
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon 34398, France
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Bennouna A, Gil P, El Rhaffouli H, Exbrayat A, Loire E, Balenghien T, Chlyeh G, Gutierrez S, Fihri OF. Identification of Eilat virus and prevalence of infection among Culex pipiens L. populations, Morocco, 2016. Virology 2019; 530:85-88. [PMID: 30782566 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eilat virus (EILV) is described as one of the few alphaviruses restricted to insects. We report the record of a nearly-complete sequence of an alphavirus genome showing 95% identity with EILV during a metagenomic analysis performed on 1488 unblood-fed females and 1076 larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens captured in Rabat (Morocco). Genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses placed the EILV-Morocco as a variant of EILV. The observed infection rates in both larvae and adults suggested an active circulation of the virus in Rabat and its maintenance in the environment either through vertical transmission or through horizontal infection of larvae in breeding sites. This is the first report of EILV out of Israel and in Culex pipiens populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bennouna
- Department of animal pathology and public health. Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Patricia Gil
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoni Exbrayat
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Department of animal pathology and public health. Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco; CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ghita Chlyeh
- Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Unité de Zoologie, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Serafin Gutierrez
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of animal pathology and public health. Hassan II Agronomy & Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
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Naouli J, Abouabdellah R, Bennouna A, Laissaoui A, Swarzenski PW, Ait Bouh H, Mesfioui A, Benbrahim MS, Dechraoui Bottein MY. Using the radioligand-receptor binding assay for paralytic shellfish toxins: A case study on shellfish from Morocco. J Environ Radioact 2018; 192:485-490. [PMID: 30103169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) events occur regularly along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Morocco, and have been responsible for several severe cases of human intoxication. Along the southern Atlantic coast of Morocco, aquaculture and intensive artisanal fishing practices have recently been particularly heavily impacted, and toxic species have been observed in increasing intensity and frequency. In the 1990's a regulatory monitoring program was established for the coastal waters off Morocco by the National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), to reduce the risk of intoxication with biotoxins. The regulatory monitoring is conducted weekly and includes toxic phytoplankton enumeration and identification, as well as saxitoxin (STX) analysis in seafood using the mouse bioassay (MBA). Animal testing remains the most widely used screening method for PSP toxin detection, yet its use is being reconsidered for animal-related ethical issues, as well as for practical considerations. To be able to better evaluate alternatives to animal testing, the performance of a nuclear-based radioligand-receptor binding assay (RBA) for paralytic shellfish toxins was assessed and compared with the MBA using four commercially important shellfish matrices, including cockles Cerastoderma edule, razor shells Solen marginatus, oysters Crassostrea gigas, and mussels Perna perna. Over 50 samples were collected and analysed as part of the regulatory monitoring framework including a suite of monthly samples from 2017 and all samples identified as toxic by MBA since 2011. Testing of reference material and evaluation of assay-critical parameters (e.g. slope of calibration curve, internal quality control QC and IC50) confirmed the robustness of the RBA methodology. With this RBA method, STX-like activity detected in shellfish samples ranged from 33 to 8500 μg STX equivalents per kg. RBA data were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001, Pearson r = 0.96) with the MBA-derived dataset. Importantly, the RBA method allowed for the detection and quantification of PSP toxins at levels not detectable by using the mouse bioassay. The limits of quantification of the RBA was calculated and found to be 10-fold lower than that of the MBA, respectively 35.24 ± 5.99 and 325 μg STX equivalents per kg of tissue. In addition, the RBA was easier to use and produced reliable results more rapidly than the MBA and without use of live animals. Considering the increasing risks associated with harmful algal blooms, globally and in Morocco, together with the increased development of aquaculture production and seafood consumption and the difficulties of live animal testing, these findings indicate that the RBA method is a reliable and effective alternative to the MBA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Naouli
- Centre National de L'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, B.P 1382, R.P.10001, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, B.P 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | | | - A Bennouna
- National Institute for Fisheries Research, Morocco
| | - A Laissaoui
- Centre National de L'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, B.P 1382, R.P.10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - P W Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - H Ait Bouh
- Centre National de L'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, B.P 1382, R.P.10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Mesfioui
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Genetics, Neuro-endocrinology and Biotechnology, B.P 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | | | - M-Y Dechraoui Bottein
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco.
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Bennouna A, Balenghien T, El Rhaffouli H, Schaffner F, Garros C, Gardès L, Lhor Y, Hammoumi S, Chlyeh G, Fassi Fihri O. First record of Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) in Morocco: a major threat to public health in North Africa? Med Vet Entomol 2017; 31:102-106. [PMID: 27775162 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae), native to Asian forests, is a nuisance mosquito and is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses of public health importance, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. It has colonized parts of all continents, except Antarctica, over the past 30-40 years. However, to date, the only records of S. albopicta in North Africa refer to occasional collections in 2010 and 2014 in Algeria. In early September 2015, S. albopicta larvae and adults were collected in a district of Rabat, Morocco. Morphological identification was confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first record of this invasive mosquito in Morocco. A national surveillance programme will be implemented in 2016 to establish its geographical distribution in Morocco and to instigate control measures to prevent the establishment of new populations and the transmission of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bennouna
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - T Balenghien
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 15, Contrôle des Maladies Animales, Exotiques et Émergentes (CMAEE), Montpellier, France
| | - H El Rhaffouli
- Biosafety Level 3 and Research Laboratory, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, University of Mohammed V at Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - F Schaffner
- Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Riehen, Switzerland
- Institute of Parasitology, National Centre for Vector Entomology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Garros
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 15, Contrôle des Maladies Animales, Exotiques et Émergentes (CMAEE), Montpellier, France
| | - L Gardès
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 15, Contrôle des Maladies Animales, Exotiques et Émergentes (CMAEE), Montpellier, France
| | - Y Lhor
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires (ONSSA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Hammoumi
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 226 IRD-CNRS-UM2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - G Chlyeh
- Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Unité de Zoologie, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - O Fassi Fihri
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Animal Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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Karim M, Naamane S, Delord C, Bennouna A. Study of the Surface Damage of Glass Reflectors Used in Concentrated Solar Power Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bennouna A, Berland B, El Attar J, Assobhei O. Eau colorée à Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, dans une zone aquacole du littoral du Doukkala (Atlantique marocain). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-1784(02)01191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bennouna A, Mousser A, Gorfti A, Salmain M, Cabestaing C, Jaouen G. Tricarbonyl[3-(η5-cyclopentadienylcarbonylamino)propionic acid]rhenium. Acta Crystallogr C 1997. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270196014643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Bennouna A, Ameziane E, Haouni A, Ghermani N, Azizan M, Brunel M. X-ray diffraction study of texture and growth of RF-sputtered CdS films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-1633(90)90032-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ameziane E, Khaidar M, Bennouna A, Abouelaoualim A, Essafti A. Thermal annealing effects on aluminium-amorphous silicon diode prepared by RF sputtering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0741-983x(89)90092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bennouna A, Durand B, Vittori O. Influence de la nature de l'electrolyte sur la reactivite electrochimique du chromate de baryum incorpore dans une electrode a pate de carbone. Electrochim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(87)87066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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