1
|
Dowling K, Colling A, Walters H, Chandrasekaran B, Rimington H. Piloting structured focused TTE in outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: 'old habits die hard'. Br J Cardiol 2021; 28:50. [PMID: 35747070 PMCID: PMC9063706 DOI: 10.5837/bjc.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography presents a risk of COVID-19 transmission between an echocardiographer and the patient. Reducing the scanning time is likely to mitigate this risk for them both. British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) level 1 echocardiography offers a potential framework for focused scanning in an outpatient setting. There were 116 outpatients scheduled for a level 1 scan supplemented with additional predefined views, if required. Unexpectedly, a fifth of the scans were performed as an unintended full scan for a variety of reasons. Our results showed that focused scans were performed more quickly than full scans and below the NHS Test and Trace exposure cut-off of 15 minutes. However, if more than three sets of additional measurements were required then a full scan could be performed more quickly. Seniority of the echocardiographer and scan time had an inverse relationship. By examining the patients' clinical records we were confident that all of the scans, whether focused or full, had answered the requestor's clinical question. Although the COVID-19 vaccination programme should reduce the necessity of minimising exposure time during a scan there could still be a role for level 1 scanning during the COVID-19 recovery programme to tackle the vast lists of patients waiting for an echocardiogram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Dowling
- Clinical Scientist Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, SN3 6BB
| | - Amanda Colling
- Chief Clinical Physiologist Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, SN3 6BB
| | - Harriet Walters
- Clinical Scientist Wiltshire Cardiac Centre, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, SN3 6BB
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colling A, Gardner IA. Conclusions - Validation of tests of OIE-listed diseases as fit-for-purpose in a world of evolving diagnostic technologies and pathogens. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:310-317. [PMID: 34140722 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Abstract
The World Organisation for Animal Health Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, Chapter 1.1.1. summarises the most relevant governance and managerial aspects of veterinary testing laboratories, and Chapter 1.1.5. introduces quality management. Both chapters are based on the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission standard, ISO/IEC 17025:2005 'General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories'. This paper provides an update of standards and regulatory bodies relevant for accreditation of quality management systems (QMS), with a focus on ISO/IEC 17025:2017 for testing and calibration laboratories. Important issues and considerations that a laboratory should address in the design and maintenance of its QMS are highlighted and examples provided, in particular aspects of test validation and verification, including measurement uncertainty (MU). A QMS aims to address all aspects of the laboratory operation, including staff, organisational structure, processes, and procedures. Accreditation of a diagnostic laboratory requires three notable components: (a) independent or third-party assessment; (b) suitably validated tests performed by proficient laboratory operators in an adequately equipped laboratory; and (c) ongoing internal and external quality control. Together, these components ensure a test outcome is the result of a standardised process and structured peer review, and demonstrate both competency and ability to produce technically valid diagnostic results that will meet the needs of customers - veterinarians, animal owners, regulators, organisations and industry - as well as the needs of decision-makers involved in animal health and surveillance programmes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gardner IA, Colling A, Caraguel C, Crowther JR, Jones G, Firestone SM, Heuer C. Introduction - Validation of tests for OIE-listed diseases as fit-for-purpose in a world of evolving diagnostic technologies. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:19-28. [PMID: 34140741 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has made leading contributions to the discipline of test validation science by providing standards and guidelines that inform the test validation process in terrestrial and aquatic animals. The OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, and the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals describe the test validation pathway in the context of fitness for purpose, elaborate on the importance of diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) as measures of test accuracy, and designate additional factors (e.g. test cost, laboratory throughput capacity and rapidity of test results) that influence choices of a single test over others or the inclusion of a new test in a diagnostic process that includes multiple tests. This paper provides examples of each of the six main testing purposes listed in the Terrestrial Manual and describes additional metrics such as ruggedness and robustness that should be included in the validation of point-of-care tests. Challenges associated with new diagnostic technologies and platforms are described. Validated tests with estimates of DSe and DSp are needed to measure confidence in test results for OIE-listed diseases, to facilitate risk assessments related to animal movement, to estimate true prevalence, and for certification of disease freedom and use in epidemiological (risk factor) studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gifford G, Szabo M, Hibbard R, Mateo D, Colling A, Gardner I, Erlacher Vindel E. Validation, certification and registration of veterinary diagnostic test kits by the World Organisation for Animal Health Secretariat for Registration of Diagnostic Kits. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:173-188. [PMID: 34140732 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the field of diagnostic test validation, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratories (RLs) have a pivotal role and provide the international community with impartial advice and support in the selection, development and validation of diagnostic tests, which can be applied to the specialist diseases for which they are designated. National RLs provide an invaluable function in supporting the introduction, ongoing validation and application of validated diagnostic tests in line with international standards. Experienced staff with extensive knowledge of such systems and access to specialist facilities for conducting work are available to monitor changes or advancements in technology. They consider their relevance and value to evolving diagnostic test requirements. Reference Laboratories often have a broad mandate of activity linking research or development programmes and surveillance activities to benefit the continual assessment and, if necessary, improvement of diagnostic tools. Reference Laboratories maintain or have access to unique biological archives (known positive and negative sample populations) and produce international reference standards, both of which are vital in establishing the necessary and detailed validation of any diagnostic test. Reference Laboratories act either singularly or in collaborative partnerships with other RLs or science institutes, but also, when required, and with impartiality, with the commercial sector, to ensure new tests are validated according to OIE standards. They promote and apply formal programmes of quality assurance (including proficiency testing programmes) for newly validated tests, ensuring ongoing monitoring and compliance with standards, or as required set out any limitations or uncertainties. Reference Laboratories publish information on test validation in the scientific literature and on relevant websites, as well as disseminating information at workshops and international conferences. Furthermore, they can offer training in the processes and systems underpinning test validation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Caraguel CGB, Colling A. Diagnostic likelihood ratio - the next-generation of diagnostic test accuracy measurement. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:299-309. [PMID: 34140723 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.1.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To select, interpret, and assess the fitness-for-purpose of diagnostic tests, we need to compare the likelihoods of test results being true vs. false across both infected and non-infected individuals. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) report the accuracy of classification in infected and non-infected individuals separately and do not compare these likelihoods directly. Positive and negative predictive values combine these likelihoods, but they also heavily depend on the prevalence in the tested populations and, therefore, cannot be generalised. We propose the adoption of the diagnostic likelihood ratio (LR), which balances the likelihoods of true vs. false results and is population independent. As a relative measure, LR ignores the absolute accuracy of tests, and two tests with different accuracy profiles may have the same LR. This can be easily mitigated by using listed complementary measures of accuracy, including DSe and DSp, or ancillary selection criteria. Overall, LR is a more relevant and universal measure of diagnostic test accuracy, which makes it the logical next-generation measure to adopt. We illustrate the applications and benefits of LR using three assays certified by the World Organisation for Animal Health as serological tests for bovine tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Rubbo A, McNabb L, Klein R, White JR, Colling A, Dimitrov DS, Broder CC, Middleton D, Lunt RA. Optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to Hendra virus in mammalian sera. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113731. [PMID: 31513861 PMCID: PMC8782155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of Hendra virus (HeV) in pteropid bat populations has been associated with spillover events in horses, humans and dogs. Experimental studies have demonstrated infections for several other species including guinea pigs, cats and ferrets. The criteria of a sensitive and specific serological test that is effective for a range of species, but which does not require use of live virus, has not been satisfactorily addressed by currently available tests. We have evaluated the use of two HeV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a blocking format enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) to detect serum antibody against a recombinant expressed HeV G protein (sol G) in several animal species. The human mAb m102.4 neutralises both HeV and the closely related Nipah virus (NiV); the mouse mAb 1.2 neutralises only HeV. Given these functional differences, we have investigated both antibodies using a bELISA format. Diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) were optimized using individual thresholds for mAb 1.2 and m102.4. For mAb 1.2 the positive threshold of >33% inhibition yielded DSe and DSp values of 100% (95% CI 95.3-100.0) and 99.5 (95% CI 98.8-99.8) respectively; for mAb m102.4 a positive threshold of >49% inhibition gave DSe and DSp values of 100 (95% CI 95.3-100.0) and 99.8 (95% CI 99.2-100.0) respectively. At these thresholds the DSe was 100% for both tests relative to the virus neutralization test. Importantly, the occurrence of false positive reactions did not overlap across the assays. Therefore, by sequential and selective application of these assays, it is possible to identify false positive reactions and achieve a DSp that approximates 100% in the test population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Rubbo
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - L McNabb
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R Klein
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J R White
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Colling
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - D S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - C C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - D Middleton
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R A Lunt
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Philippsen T, Orini M, Martin C, Volkova E, Ormerod J, Sohaib S, Elamin N, Blake S, Sawhney V, Ahmad S, Waring O, Bowers R, Raiman L, Hazelwood T, Mills R, Corrado C, Honarbakhsh S, Von Maydell A, Norrish G, Chubb H, Chubb H, Chubb H, Toledano M, Ruiz A, van Zalen J, Foley P, Pearman C, Rehal O, Foley P, Wong L, Foley P, Pearman C, Brahmbhatt D, Khan H, Wardley J, Akbar S, Christensen L, Hansen M, Brandes A, Tinker A, Munroe P, Lambiase P, Honarbakhsh S, McLean A, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Lane J, Chow A, Earley M, Hunter R, Khan F, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Sporton S, Dhinoja M, Camm C, Xavier R, de Sousa M, Betts T, Shun-Shin M, Wright I, Lim E, Lim P, Koawing M, Lefroy D, Linton N, Davies D, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Francis D, Whinnett Z, Khan M, Bowes R, Sahu J, Sheridan P, Rogers D, Kyriacou A, Kelland N, Lewis N, Lee J, Segall E, Diab I, Breitenstein A, Ullah W, Sporton S, Earley M, Finlay M, Dhinoja M, Schilling R, Hunter R, Ahmed M, Petkar S, Davidson N, Stout M, Pearce KP, Leo M, Ginks M, Rajappan K, Bashir Y, Balasubramaniam R, Sopher S, Betts T, Paisey J, Cheong J, Roy D, Adhya S, Williams S, O'Neill M, Niederer S, Providencia R, Srinivasan N, Ahsan S, Lowe M, Segal O, Hunter R, Finlay M, Earley M, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Stella S, Cantwell C, Chowdhury R, Kim S, Linton N, Whinnett Z, Koa-Wing M, Lefroy D, Davies DW, Kanagaratnam P, Lim PB, Qureshi N, Peters N, Cantarutti N, Limongelli G, Elliott P, Kaski J, Williams S, Lal K, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Kiedrowicz R, Wright M, O'Neill M, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Williams S, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Karim R, Williams S, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Montanes M, Ella Field E, Walsh H, Callaghan N, Till J, Mangat J, Lowe M, Kaski J, Ruiz Duthil A, Li A, Saba M, Patel N, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd G, French A, Khavandi A, McCrea W, Barnes E, Chandrasekaran B, Parry J, Garth L, Chapman J, Todd D, Hobbs J, Modi S, Waktare J, Hall M, Gupta D, Snowdon R, Papageorgiou N, Providência R, Falconer D, Sewart E, Ahsan S, Segal O, Ezzat V, Rowland E, Lowe M, Lambiase P, Chow A, Swift M, Charlton P, James J, Colling A, Barnes E, Starling L, Kontogeorgis A, Roses-Noguer F, Wong T, Jarman J, Clague J, Till J, Colling A, James J, Hawkins M, Burnell S, Chandrasekaran B, Coulson J, Smith L, Choudhury M, Oguguo E, Boyett M, Morris G, Flinn W, Chari A, Belham M, Pugh P, Somarakis K, Parasa R, Allata A, Hashim H, Mathew T, Kayasundar S, Venables P, Quinn J, Ivanova J, Brown S, Oliver R, Lyons M, Chuen M, Walsh J, Robinson T, Staniforth A, Ahsan A, Jamil-Copley S. POSTERS (2)96CONTINUOUS VERSUS INTERMITTENT MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS97HIGH DAY-TO-DAY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE UK BIOBANK DATA98USE OF NOVEL GLOBAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND CONTINUEOUS DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION IN MACRO-REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS99ANTICOAGULATION AND THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VT AND PVC ABLATION100NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FREQUENTLY PRECEDES CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME101USING HIGH PRECISION HAEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN AV OPTIMUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITIONS IN BIVENTRICULAR PACING102CAN WE PREDICT MEDIUM TERM MORTALITY FROM TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION PRE-OPERATIVELY?103PREVENTION OF UNECESSARY ADMISSIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION104EPICARDIAL CATHETER ABLATION FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON UNINTERRUPTED WARFARIN: A SAFE APPROACH?105HOW WELL DOES THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (NICE) GUIDENCE ON TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (T-LoC) WORK IN A REAL WORLD? AN AUDIT OF THE SECOND STAGE SPECIALIST CARDIOVASCULAT ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS106DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN COMMUNITY LOCATIONS USING NOVEL TECHNOLOGY'S AS A METHOD OF STROKE PREVENTION IN THE OVER 65'S ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION - SHOULD IT BECOME STANDARD PRACTISE?107HIGH-DOSE ISOPRENALINE INFUSION AS A METHOD OF INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI-CENTRE, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH VARYING ARRHYTHMIC RISK108PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL109CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLTAGE OUTPUT AND EJECTION FRACTION?110RAPID DETERIORATION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE AFTER DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER INSERTION WITH RESOLUTION FOLLOWING BIVENTRICULAR PACING111LOCALLY PERSONALISED ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS FROM PENTARAY CATHETER MEASUREMENTS112EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ICD VERSUS TRANSVENOUS ICD- A PROPENSITY MATCHED COST-EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS & OUTCOMES113LOCALISING DRIVERS USING ORGANISATIONAL INDEX IN CONTACT MAPPING OF HUMAN PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION114RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS115EFFECT OF CATHETER STABILITY AND CONTACT FORCE ON VISITAG DENSITY DURING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION116HEPATIC CAPSULE ENHANCEMENT IS COMMONLY SEEN DURING MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO PROCEDURAL PAIN117DOES HIGHER CONTACT FORCE IMPAIR LESION FORMATION AT THE CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS? INSIGHTS FROM MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER118CLINICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A MALIGNANT SCN5A MUTATION IN CHILDHOOD119RADIOFREQUENCY ASSOCIATED VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION120CONTRACTILE RESERVE EXPRESSED AS SYSTOLIC VELOCITY DOES NOT PREDICT RESPONSE TO CRT121DAY-CASE DEVICES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING PATIENT CODING DATA122PATIENTS UNDERGOING SVT ABLATION HAVE A HIGH INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ARRHYTHMIA ON FOLLOW UP: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-PROCEDURE COUNSELLING123PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF HAEMOGLOBINN AND RED BLOOD CELL DITRIBUTION WIDTH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY124REMOTE MONITORING AND FOLLOW UP DEVICES125A 20-YEAR, SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) IN CHILDREN: TIME TO CONSIDER THE SUBCUTANEOUS ICD?126EXPERIENCE OF MAGNETIC REASONANCE IMAGING (MEI) IN PATIENTS WITH MRI CONDITIONAL DEVICES127THE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SEEN IN ATHLETES IS NOT CAUSED BY ENHANCED VAGAL TONE BUT INSTEAD REFLECTS INTRINSIC CHANGES IN THE SINUS NODE REVEALED BY
I
(F) BLOCKADE128SUCCESSFUL DAY-CASE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION - AN EIGHT YEAR SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE129LEFT VENTRICULAR INDEX MASS ASSOCIATED WITH ESC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ICDs: A TERTIARY CENTRE HCM REGISTRY130A DGH EXPERIENCE OF DAY-CASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION131IS PRE-PROCEDURAL FASTING A NECESSITY FOR SAFE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Van Borm S, Wang J, Granberg F, Colling A. Next-generation sequencing workflows in veterinary infection biology: towards validation and quality assurance. REV SCI TECH OIE 2016; 35:67-81. [PMID: 27217169 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.1.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in DNA sequencing methodologies and sequence data analysis have revolutionised research in many areas of biology and medicine, including veterinary infection biology. New technology is poised to bridge the gap between the research and diagnostic laboratory. This paper defines the potential diagnostic value and purposes of next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications in veterinary infection biology and explores their compatibility with the existing validation principles and methods of the World Organisation for Animal Health. Critical parameters for validation and quality control (quality metrics) are suggested, with reference to established validation and quality assurance guidelines for NGS-based methods of diagnosing human heritable diseases. Although most currently described NGS applications in veterinary infection biology are not primary diagnostic tests that directly result in control measures, this critical reflection on the advantages and remaining challenges of NGS technology should stimulate discussion on its diagnostic value and on the potential to validate NGS methods and monitor their diagnostic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Van Borm
- Operational Directorate of Viral Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, B1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - J Wang
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - F Granberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept. Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Colling
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Private Bag 24, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Colling A, Morrissy C, Barr J, Meehan G, Wright L, Goff W, Gleeson LJ, van der Heide B, Riddell S, Yu M, Eagles D, Lunt R, Khounsy S, Than Long N, Phong Vu P, Than Phuong N, Tung N, Linchongsubongkoch W, Hammond J, Johnson M, Johnson WO, Unger H, Daniels P, Crowther JR. Development and validation of a 3ABC antibody ELISA in Australia for foot and mouth disease. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:192-9. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Colling
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - C Morrissy
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - J Barr
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - G Meehan
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - L Wright
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - W Goff
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - LJ Gleeson
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - B van der Heide
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - S Riddell
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - M Yu
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - D Eagles
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - R Lunt
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - S Khounsy
- Northern Region Sustainable Livelihoods through Livestock Development Project, Ministry of Agriculture; DLF Regional Office; Luang Prabang Lao PDR
| | - Ngo Than Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6; Ho Chi Minh City (RAHO6-HCMC) Vietnam
| | - Pham Phong Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6; Ho Chi Minh City (RAHO6-HCMC) Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Than Phuong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6; Ho Chi Minh City (RAHO6-HCMC) Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tung
- National Centre for Disease Control; Hanoi Vietnam
| | - W Linchongsubongkoch
- Foot and Mouth Disease Centre; Department of Livestock Development; Pakchong Thailand
| | - J Hammond
- Institute for Animal Health; Pirbright Laboratory; Pirbright Woking, Surrey UK
| | - M Johnson
- Institute for Animal Health; Pirbright Laboratory; Pirbright Woking, Surrey UK
| | - WO Johnson
- Department of Statistics; University of California; Irvine USA
| | - H Unger
- Joint FAO/IAEA Division; Vienna Austria
| | - P Daniels
- CSIRO Livestock Industries; Australian Animal Health Laboratory; Geelong Victoria Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McNabb L, Barr J, Crameri G, Juzva S, Riddell S, Colling A, Boyd V, Broder C, Wang LF, Lunt R. Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 200:22-8. [PMID: 24508193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are closely related zoonotic pathogens of the Paramyxoviridae family. Both viruses belong to the Henipavirus genus and cause fatal disease in animals and humans, though only HeV is endemic in Australia. In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agent detection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for the detection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in disease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. The first generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific reactions which must be resolved using virus neutralisation serology conducted at laboratory bio-safety level 4 containment (PC4). Recent developments have enabled improvements in the available serology assays. The production of an expressed recombinant truncated HeV G protein has been utilised in ELISA and in Luminex-based multiplexed microsphere assays. In the latter format, two Luminex assays have been developed for use in henipavirus serology: a binding assay (designed for antibody detection and differentiation) and a blocking assay (designed as a surrogate for virus neutralisation). Equine and canine field sera were used to evaluate the two Luminex assays relative to ELISA and virus neutralisation serology. Results showed that Luminex assays can be effective as rapid, sensitive and specific tests for the detection of HeV antibody in horse and dog sera. The tests do not require PC4 containment and are appropriate for high throughput applications as might be required for disease investigations and other epidemiological surveillance. Also, the results show that the Luminex assays detect effectively HeV vaccine-induced antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne McNabb
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - J Barr
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - G Crameri
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - S Juzva
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - S Riddell
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Colling
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - V Boyd
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - L-F Wang
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R Lunt
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Foord AJ, Selleck P, Colling A, Klippel J, Middleton D, Heine HG. Real-time RT-PCR for detection of equine influenza and its evaluation using samples from horses infected with A/equine/Sydney/2007 (H3N8). Aust Vet J 2011; 89 Suppl 1:37-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Blacksell SD, Khounsy S, Conlan JV, Gleeson LJ, Colling A, Westbury HA. Foot and mouth disease in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: II. Seroprevalence estimates, using structured surveillance and surveys of abattoirs. REV SCI TECH OIE 2009; 27:851-9. [PMID: 19284052 DOI: 10.20506/rst.27.3.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An examination of the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus was conducted in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) from 1996 to 2005, using structured surveillance and abattoir-based studies. Under structured surveillance, seropositivity ranged from 65.7% (Vientiane Capital, 1996) to 3% (Houaphan, 2005) for cattle and buffalo; and from 2.8% (Vientiane Capital, 1998) to 0% in separate studies of pigs. In each study, species composition was significantly associated with seroprevalence rates. For abattoir surveys, the majority of samples (60.5%) came from Vientiane Capital (33.0%), Savannakhet (14.0%) and Champasak (13.5%) provinces. The overall proportion of animals testing positive for the presence of antibodies against the FMD virus was 18.7% (ranging from 50.8% in Vientiane Province to 1% in Phongsali). Generally, antibodies against serotype O were the most prevalent. Cattle and buffalo that tested as seropositive were significantly older than the seronegative animals (p < 0.00005). The overall proportional seropositivity was significantly different for different species, as was the case with the antibodies against serotypes O, A and Asia 1. Some 22% of cattle, 55% of buffalo and 23% of pigs demonstrated seropositivity but this varied significantly between provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khounsy S, Conlan JV, Gleeson LJ, Westbury HA, Colling A, Paton DJ, Knowles NJ, Ferris NP, Blacksell SD. Foot and mouth disease in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: I. A review of recent outbreaks and lessons from control programmes. REV SCI TECH OIE 2009; 27:839-49. [PMID: 19284051 DOI: 10.20506/rst.27.3.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes sporadic disease outbreaks in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). As the Lao PDR is a major thoroughfare for transboundary animal movements, regular FMD outbreaks occur, causing economic hardship for farmers and their families. In this review of the recent history of FMD in the Lao PDR between 1997 and 2006, the authors examine the virological and epidemiological aspects of the disease and appropriate control measures, including the distribution of outbreaks, causative serotypes and the molecular epidemiology of the viruses, as well as large-scale vaccination programmes. The dominant serotype, type O, was reported every year from 1998 to 2005. The majority of outbreaks occurred in Vientiane Capital (n = 42; 28%) and the highest number of outbreaks were reported in cattle (n = 94; 61%); followed by buffalo (n = 41; 27%) and pigs (n = 18; 12%). All type A outbreaks occurred in cattle. Type Asia 1 outbreaks were reported in the central provinces around Vientiane Capital between 1996 and 1998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khounsy
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bergmann IE, Neitzert E, Malirat V, Ortiz S, Colling A, Sánchez C, Correa Melo E. Rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its use as an epidemiological indicator of foot-and-mouth disease viral activity. Arch Virol 2003; 148:891-901. [PMID: 12721797 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-002-0965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Frequency distribution of reactivity levels of foot-and-mouth disease infection-specific antibodies in livestock populations was analysed. Specific antibody responses against non-capsid polyprotein 3ABC were assessed through a highly sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay (I-ELISA 3ABC). A graphic display of data was designed based on three negative and three positive categories to illustrate reactivity patterns. The resulting patterns were correlated to the epidemiological status. On this basis, results of over 100,000 sera derived from cattle populations in regions with various well-documented epidemiological situations were compiled and are exemplified in this paper.Distinct distributions of antibody reactivity patterns reflecting the various epidemiological situations were attained. Whereas non-affected areas presented a rather homogenous negative pattern with very limited test-positive reactions, affected regions revealed quite heterogeneous profiles, including positive and negative categories, with distributions that varied according to the region. The use of graphic prints encompassing I-ELISA 3ABC antibody profile responses constituted an adequate epidemiological indicator of the risk of foot-and-mouth disease viral activity, providing immediate visualization for a rapid inference of the epidemiological situation of a region. Moreover, such profiles allowed for convenient follow-up of infection after a focus as a function of time and geographical spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I E Bergmann
- Pan-American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PAHO/WHO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gall D, Colling A, Marino O, Moreno E, Nielsen K, Perez B, Samartino L. Enzyme immunoassays for serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis: A trial in Latin America. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1998; 5:654-61. [PMID: 9729532 PMCID: PMC95636 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.5.5.654-661.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The results of a field trial conducted in Latin America with two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and two competitive ELISAs (CELISAs) for the detection of bovine antibody to Brucella abortus are reported. One of the CELISA formats performed most accurately. The percentage of positive reactions in the CELISA relative to the selected positive rose bengal agglutination test (RBT) and complement fixation test (CFT) results was 97.47%, the percentage of negatives relative to the selected negative RBT and CFT results for unexposed cattle was 98.32%, and the percentage of negatives in cattle vaccinated with B. abortus 19 was 96.51%. The same assay format under Canadian conditions had an actual sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 99.90% in nonvaccinates, and a specificity of 97.7% in a strain 19-vaccinated population. Overall, the CELISA performed as expected and the results were not dissimilar from the results obtained in the Canadian study. This provided further evidence that this CELISA can in many instances differentiate infected cattle from those that are vaccinated or infected with a cross-reacting organism while still giving very few false-positive or false-negative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gall
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario, Canada K2H 8P9.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
The prophylaxis required to control an epidemic of Streptococcus pyogenes throat infection in a junior detention centre has been reported. In a further epidemic an attempt was made to determine the minimum amount of penicillin required to control the outbreak. Oral penicillin (0.5 g) given as a single daily dose for 10 days to all boys after entry proved effective. The added risk of relatively deprived adolescent boys developing rheumatic fever is stressed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In 1972 more than 20% of boys admitted to a closed community (Junior Detention Centre) developed acute tonsillitis and group-A streptococci were isolated from more than 40% of all boys at some time during their stay of two months. The most common serotype was M-type 5, which has frequently been associated with rheumatic fever in other epidemics; four cases of rheumatic fever occurred between 1972 and 1977. Various methods were tried to eliminate the infection, but only full penicillin prophylaxis (0.25 g oral penicillin 4 times a day for 10 days) to all boys on entry appeared to be effective. In a sample of cases of acute tonsillitis, group-A haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 31.7% by the use of dry swabs or unenriched transport medium, but with enrichment medium duplicate swabs, 77.6% yielded positive results. We question the current practice in some laboratories of reporting positive cultures only when more than ten colonies of beta-haemolytic streptococci are present. In this survey viruses did not appear to be an important cause of acute tonsillitis. High titres of streptococcal antibodies (antistreptolysin O, anti-desoxyribonuclease B and anti-M associated protein) were found, not only in cases and carriers, but in boys on entry to the centre. This supports epidemiological evidence that adolescent boys are particularly prone to streptococcal throat infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Tweedle D, Colling A, Schardt W, Green EM, Evered DC, Dickinson PH, Johnston ID. Hypothyroidism following partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis and its relationship to thyroid remnant size. Br J Surg 1977; 64:445-8. [PMID: 871623 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800640620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty-two patients were reviewed 1-7 years after partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis by two surgeons who had left thyroid remnants of different size. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypothyroidism or in the serum levels of thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine or thyroid-stimulating hormone between the two groups of patients. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 16 per cent.
Collapse
|
24
|
Pierides AM, Holti G, Crombie AL, Roberts DF, Gardiner SE, Colling A, Anderson J. Study on a family with anderson--Fabry's disease and associated familial spastic paraplegia. J Med Genet 1976; 13:455-61. [PMID: 828204 PMCID: PMC1013470 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.13.6.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A family in the north-east of England with Anderson--Fabry's disease is presented. Alpha-galactosidase activity in plasma and white cells was significantly reduced in three adult male members of the family. One of them had an abnormal chromosome karyotype pattern with an extra Y chromosome (47,XYY) and he was clinically less severely affected than his brothers. Coincidentally five other members of the family suffered from a form of familial spastic paraplegia.
Collapse
|
25
|
Colling A, Dellipiani AW, Donaldson RJ, MacCormack P. Teesside coronary survey: an epidemiological study of acute attacks of myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1976; 2:1169-72. [PMID: 990827 PMCID: PMC1689629 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6045.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A 12-month epidemiological survey of attacks of acute myocardial infarction was carried out in a large urban population. The incidence and mortality at all ages and in both sexes were examined. Altogether, 1938 attacks were diagnosed--an overall incidence of 4-89 per 1000 population. The 28-day fatality rate was 50-5%. A third of the patients were treated at home and these patients had a lower fatality rate than those in hospital, a difference that could not be attributed to age, sex, or severity of attack. Half of the deaths that were witnessed occurred suddenly and a further 21% occurred within the next two hours. The median time to patients coming under care was about three hours. As used at present, coronary care units are unlikely to improve fatality rates. Future advances in treatment must take place outside hospital and will require re-education of the public and the general practitioner.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Abstract
This article attempts to lay down guide-lines for the general practitioner faced with a patient with a myocardial infarction in his home. A too rigid distinction between home or hospital care should not be attempted. Rather the general practitioner should look at home and hospital care and decide which is more appropriate in a particular case. In particular, he must distinguish clearly between cases he sees very soon after an attack and those he sees some hours later. Two hours is suggested as a useful dividing time between the two groups of patients.
Collapse
|
28
|
Colling A. Bacterial Resistance in General Practice. West J Med 1973. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5863.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
29
|
Colling A. The community commitment of the general practitioner. Community Health (Bristol) 1972; 4:128-33. [PMID: 4640831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Colling A, Bird A, Aitchison CI. Anticoagulant therapy after myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1969; 2:385. [PMID: 5768475 PMCID: PMC1983277 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5653.385-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
32
|
Bird A, Colling A. Family interviews in general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1968; 15:123-7. [PMID: 5648521 PMCID: PMC2236297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
33
|
Colling A. The sick family. J R Coll Gen Pract 1967; 14:181-6. [PMID: 5594581 PMCID: PMC2236579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|