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Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebral A 1 adenosine receptor availability: a PET study in patients suffering from treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1228438. [PMID: 37520217 PMCID: PMC10380952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1228438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep deprivation and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively ameliorate symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). In rodents, both are associated with an enhancement of cerebral adenosine levels, which in turn likely influence adenosinergic receptor expression. The aim of the current study was to investigate cerebral A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability in patients with MDD as a potential mediating factor of antidepressant effects of ECT using [18F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Regional A1AR availability was determined before and after a series of ECT applications (mean number ± SD 10.4 ± 1.2) in 14 subjects (4 males, mean age 49.5 ± 11.8 years). Clinical outcome, measured by neuropsychological testing, and ECT parameters were correlated with changes in A1AR availability. Results ECT had a strong antidepressive effect (p < 0.01) while on average cerebral A1AR availability remained unaltered between pre-and post-ECT conditions (F = 0.65, p = 0.42, mean difference ± SD 3.93% ± 22.7%). There was no correlation between changes in clinical outcome parameters and regional A1AR availability, although individual patients showed striking bidirectional alterations of up to 30-40% in A1AR availability after ECT. Solely, for the mean seizure quality index of the applied ECTs a significant association with changes in A1AR availability was found (rs = -0.6, p = 0.02). Discussion In the present study, therapeutically effective ECT treatment did not result in coherent changes of A1AR availability after a series of ECT treatments. These findings do not exclude a potential role for cerebral A1ARs in ECT, but shift attention to rather short-termed and adaptive mechanisms during ECT-related convulsive effects.
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Procyanidin B2-induced relaxation as a mechanism of its cardioprotective effect. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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BDNF Serum Levels are Associated With White Matter Microstructure in Schizophrenia - A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32153434 PMCID: PMC7046752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. As BDNF regulates axonal and dendritic growth, altered BDNF levels in schizophrenia patients might underlie changes in structural connectivity that have been identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated a possible correlation between BDNF serum levels, fiber tract architecture, and regional grey matter volumes in 19 schizophrenia patients and a gender- and age-matched control group. Two patients had to be excluded due to abnormalities in their MRI scans. Serum samples were obtained to determine BDNF levels, and T1- as well as diffusion-weighted sequences were acquired. We, then, investigated correlations between BDNF serum levels with neuroimaging parameters, using Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM) and Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We found a significant negative correlation between BDNF serum levels and FA values in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. These regions also showed a decrease in AD values in schizophrenia patients. Grey matter volumes were reduced in patients but there was no correlation between regional grey matter volumes and BDNF. The right superior longitudinal fasciculus has been repeatedly identified to exhibit microstructural changes in schizophrenia patients. Our findings of a negative correlation between BDNF and FA values in patients might indicate that BDNF is upregulated to compensate decreased structural connectivity as it induces neural plasticity and shows increased levels in damaged tissue. These findings of our pilot study are encouraging leads for future research in larger samples.
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P1530Vasorelaxation as a mechanism of procyanidin B2 cardioprotective effect. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Findings from epidemiological studies indicate that polyphenols, widespread in human diet and with numerous biological activities, act cardioprotectively. Procyanidins are subclass of polyphenols with high content in commonly consumed foods and beverages, such as grapes, tea, chocolate, nuts and apples. Cardioprotective abilities of procyanidins, might, at least in part, attribute to their vasodilator properties.
Purpose
Because the exact mechanisms by which procyanidin B2 causes vasorelaxation are unclear, we aimed to investigate relaxant effect of procyanidin B2 on the isolated human internal mammary artery (HIMA) and its underlying mechanisms.
Methods
The HIMA segments were collected from patients suffering from coronary artery disease who were undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and studied in organ bath.
Results
Procyanidin B2 induced strong concentration-dependent relaxation of HIMA rings pre-contracted by phenylephrine. Pretreatment with L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, hydroxocobalamin, a NO scavenger, and ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, significantly inhibited procyanidin B2-induced relaxation of HIMA, while indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, considerably reduced effects of low concentrations. Among K+ channel blockers, iberiotoxin, a selective blocker of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa), abolished procyanidin B2-induced relaxation, glibenclamide, a selective ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker, induced partial inhibition, while 4-aminopyridine, a blocker of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, and TRAM-34, an inhibitor of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (IKCa) channels, slightly reduced maximal relaxation of HIMA.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that, in HIMA, procyanidin B2 produces strong endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect. It seems that this relaxation is primarily the result of an increased NO synthesis and secretion by endothelial cells and partially of prostacyclin, although it involves activation of BKCa and KATP, as well as KV and IKCa channels in high concentrations of procyanidin B2.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The study was supported by a Scientific Research Grant (P175088) from Ministry of Science and Technology Serbia.
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Corrigendum: Nerve Growth Factor Serum Levels Are Associated With Regional Gray Matter Volume Differences in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:908. [PMID: 31920756 PMCID: PMC6934142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00275.].
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Nerve Growth Factor Serum Levels Are Associated With Regional Gray Matter Volume Differences in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 31105606 PMCID: PMC6498747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies have revealed structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia patients. There is emerging evidence that dysfunctional nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling may contribute to structural brain alterations found in these patients. In this pilot study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between NGF serum levels and gray matter volume (GMV) in schizophrenia patients. Further, we investigated whether there was an overlap between the correlative findings and cross-sectional GMV differences between schizophrenia patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 19). Serum NGF was significantly correlated to GMV in the left prefrontal lobe, the left midcingulate cortex, and the brainstem in schizophrenia patients. However, we did not find any correlations of NGF serum levels with GMV in healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients showed smaller GMV than healthy controls in brain regions located in the bilateral limbic system, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral insula, bilateral primary auditory cortex, left frontal lobe, and bilateral occipital regions. In a conjunction analysis, GMV in the left midcingulate cortex (MCC) appears negatively correlated to NGF serum levels in the group of schizophrenia patients and also to be reduced compared to healthy controls. These results suggest an increased vulnerability of schizophrenia patients to changes in NGF levels compared to healthy controls and support a role for NGF signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. As our pilot study is exploratory in nature, further studies enrolling larger sample sizes will be needed to further corroborate our findings and to investigate the influence of additional covariates.
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Cardioprotective effect of procyanidin B2. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gαi Proteins are Indispensable for Hearing. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 47:1509-1532. [PMID: 29940568 DOI: 10.1159/000490867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS From invertebrates to mammals, Gαi proteins act together with their common binding partner Gpsm2 to govern cell polarization and planar organization in virtually any polarized cell. Recently, we demonstrated that Gαi3-deficiency in pre-hearing murine cochleae pointed to a role of Gαi3 for asymmetric migration of the kinocilium as well as the orientation and shape of the stereociliary ("hair") bundle, a requirement for the progression of mature hearing. We found that the lack of Gαi3 impairs stereociliary elongation and hair bundle shape in high-frequency cochlear regions, linked to elevated hearing thresholds for high-frequency sound. How these morphological defects translate into hearing phenotypes is not clear. METHODS Here, we studied global and conditional Gnai3 and Gnai2 mouse mutants deficient for either one or both Gαi proteins. Comparative analyses of global versus Foxg1-driven conditional mutants that mainly delete in the inner ear and telencephalon in combination with functional tests were applied to dissect essential and redundant functions of different Gαi isoforms and to assign specific defects to outer or inner hair cells, the auditory nerve, satellite cells or central auditory neurons. RESULTS Here we report that lack of Gαi3 but not of the ubiquitously expressed Gαi2 elevates hearing threshold, accompanied by impaired hair bundle elongation and shape in high-frequency cochlear regions. During the crucial reprogramming of the immature inner hair cell (IHC) synapse into a functional sensory synapse of the mature IHC deficiency for Gαi2 or Gαi3 had no impact. In contrast, double-deficiency for Gαi2 and Gαi3 isoforms results in abnormalities along the entire tonotopic axis including profound deafness associated with stereocilia defects. In these mice, postnatal IHC synapse maturation is also impaired. In addition, the analysis of conditional versus global Gαi3-deficient mice revealed that the amplitude of ABR wave IV was disproportionally elevated in comparison to ABR wave I indicating that Gαi3 is selectively involved in generation of neural gain during auditory processing. CONCLUSION We propose a so far unrecognized complexity of isoform-specific and overlapping Gαi protein functions particular during final differentiation processes.
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disease of modern life. Diabetic foot (DF) is the term for a foot of a patient suffering from DM with the potential risk of a number of pathological sequels, including infection, ulceration and/or destruction of deep tissue. Goal: To determine the importance of preventive measures to prevent the development of diabetic foot. Results: The gender structure of respondents categorized by the complication of DF (yes/no) was uniform. The average age was 60.15±12.2 years. Respondents without DF, 63% had 2 visits to the doctor a month, while in the group of those with DF, 39% of them had 3 visits to a doctor and 33% four or more times. Wearing comfortable shoes and foot hygiene in relation to the development of the DF are interdependent: c2=4,409; c2 = 12.47 (p <0.0005). Also, recurrent foot injury, and slow healing of sores in comparison to the development of the DF are mutually dependent; c2=13,195; c2=14 (p <0.0005). Conclusion: We found that there is a significant statistical relationship between preventive measures and development of the DF.
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Hypoglycemia in Non-diabetics During Development of Acute Coronary Ischemia. Med Arch 2015; 69:226-8. [PMID: 26543306 PMCID: PMC4610607 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2015.69.226-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTx), also known as islet-activating protein, induces insulin secretion by ADP-ribosylation of inhibitory G proteins. PTx-induced insulin secretion may result either from inactivation of Gα(o) proteins or from combined inactivation of Gα(o), Gα(i1), Gα(i2), and Gα(i3) isoforms. However, the specific role of Gα(i2) in pancreatic β-cells still remains unknown. In global (Gα(i2)(-/-)) and β-cell-specific (Gα(i2)(βcko)) gene-targeted Gα(i2) mouse models, we studied glucose homeostasis and islet functions. Insulin secretion experiments and intracellular Ca²⁺ measurements were used to characterize Gα(i2) function in vitro. Gα(i2)(-/-) and Gα(i2)(βcko) mice showed an unexpected metabolic phenotype, i.e., significantly lower plasma insulin levels upon intraperitoneal glucose challenge in Gα(i2)(-/-) and Gα(i2)(βcko) mice, whereas plasma glucose concentrations were unchanged in Gα(i2)(-/-) but significantly increased in Gα(i2)(βcko) mice. These findings indicate a novel albeit unexpected role for Gα(i2) in the expression, turnover, and/or release of insulin from islets. Detection of insulin secretion in isolated islets did not show differences in response to high (16 mM) glucose concentrations between control and β-cell-specific Gα(i2)-deficient mice. In contrast, the two- to threefold increase in insulin secretion evoked by L-arginine or L-ornithine (in the presence of 16 mM glucose) was significantly reduced in islets lacking Gα(i2). In accord with a reduced level of insulin secretion, intracellular calcium concentrations induced by the agonistic amino acid L-arginine did not reach control levels in β-cells. The presented analysis of gene-targeted mice provides novel insights in the role of β-cell Gα(i2) showing that amino acid-induced insulin-release depends on Gα(i2).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginine/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Calcium Signaling
- Crosses, Genetic
- Down-Regulation
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/agonists
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/agonists
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemia/blood
- Hypoglycemia/metabolism
- Hypoglycemia/prevention & control
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion
- Islets of Langerhans/cytology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ornithine/blood
- Ornithine/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Up-Regulation
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Gαi2- and Gαi3-deficient mice display opposite severity of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98325. [PMID: 24858945 PMCID: PMC4032280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most abundant receptors in the heart and therefore are common targets for cardiovascular therapeutics. The activated GPCRs transduce their signals via heterotrimeric G-proteins. The four major families of G-proteins identified so far are specified through their α-subunit: Gαi, Gαs, Gαq and G12/13. Gαi-proteins have been reported to protect hearts from ischemia reperfusion injury. However, determining the individual impact of Gαi2 or Gαi3 on myocardial ischemia injury has not been clarified yet. Here, we first investigated expression of Gαi2 and Gαi3 on transcriptional level by quantitative PCR and on protein level by immunoblot analysis as well as by immunofluorescence in cardiac tissues of wild-type, Gαi2-, and Gαi3-deficient mice. Gαi2 was expressed at higher levels than Gαi3 in murine hearts, and irrespective of the isoform being knocked out we observed an up regulation of the remaining Gαi-protein. Myocardial ischemia promptly regulated cardiac mRNA and with a slight delay protein levels of both Gαi2 and Gαi3, indicating important roles for both Gαi isoforms. Furthermore, ischemia reperfusion injury in Gαi2- and Gαi3-deficient mice exhibited opposite outcomes. Whereas the absence of Gαi2 significantly increased the infarct size in the heart, the absence of Gαi3 or the concomitant upregulation of Gαi2 dramatically reduced cardiac infarction. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that the genetic ablation of Gαi proteins has protective or deleterious effects on cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury depending on the isoform being absent.
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PM072 The music therapy in patients with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction; 13-year experience. Glob Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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PT072 Heart failure and sudden death in infarcted patients with prior revascularization; 13-year experience. Glob Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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PT164 Alcohol consumption and acute myocardial infarction in patients with previous revascularization. Glob Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Intranasal Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Macrophages, and Microglia to the Brain in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2014; 23 Suppl 1:S123-39. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the rapid preclinical development of cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, and tumors, the safe and efficient delivery and targeting of therapeutic cells to the central nervous system is critical for maintaining therapeutic efficacy and safety in the respective disease models. Our previous data demonstrated therapeutically efficacious and targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the brain in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study examined delivery of bone marrow-derived MSCs, macrophages, and microglia to the brain in a transgenic model of PD [(Thy1)-h[A30P] aS] and an APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via intranasal application (INA). INA of microglia in naive BL/6 mice led to targeted and effective delivery of cells to the brain. Quantitative PCR analysis of eGFP DNA showed that the brain contained the highest amount of eGFP-microglia (up to 2.1 × 104) after INA of 1 × 106 cells, while the total amount of cells detected in peripheral organs did not exceed 3.4 × 103. Seven days after INA, MSCs expressing eGFP were detected in the olfactory bulb (OB), cortex, amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem of (Thy1)-h[A30P] aS transgenic mice, showing predominant distribution within the OB and brainstem. INA of eGFP-expressing macrophages in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice led to delivery of cells to the OB, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Both MSCs and macrophages contained Iba-1-positive population of small microglia-like cells and Iba-1-negative large rounded cells showing either intracellular amyloid β (macrophages in APP/PS1 model) or α-synuclein [MSCs in (Thy1)-h[A30P] aS model] immunoreactivity. Here, we show, for the first time, intranasal delivery of cells to the brain of transgenic PD and AD mouse models. Additional work is needed to determine the optimal dosage (single treatment regimen or repeated administrations) to achieve functional improvement in these mouse models with intranasal microglia/macrophages and MSCs. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
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Primary cilium migration depends on G-protein signalling control of subapical cytoskeleton. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1107-15. [PMID: 23934215 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In ciliated mammalian cells, the precise migration of the primary cilium at the apical surface of the cells, also referred to as translational polarity, defines planar cell polarity (PCP) in very early stages. Recent research has revealed a co-dependence between planar polarization of some cell types and cilium positioning at the surface of cells. This important role of the primary cilium in mammalian cells is in contrast with its absence from Drosophila melanogaster PCP establishment. Here, we show that deletion of GTP-binding protein alpha-i subunit 3 (Gαi3) and mammalian Partner of inscuteable (mPins) disrupts the migration of the kinocilium at the surface of cochlear hair cells and affects hair bundle orientation and shape. Inhibition of G-protein function in vitro leads to kinocilium migration defects, PCP phenotype and abnormal hair bundle morphology. We show that Gαi3/mPins are expressed in an apical and distal asymmetrical domain, which is opposite and complementary to an aPKC/Par-3/Par-6b expression domain, and non-overlapping with the core PCP protein Vangl2. Thus G-protein-dependent signalling controls the migration of the cilium cell autonomously, whereas core PCP signalling controls long-range tissue PCP.
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Gαi2 is the essential Gαi protein in immune complex-induced lung disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:324-33. [PMID: 23225882 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gα(i) family have been implicated in signaling pathways regulating cell migration in immune diseases. The Gα(i)-protein-coupled C5a receptor is a critical regulator of IgG FcR function in experimental models of immune complex (IC)-induced inflammation. By using mice deficient for Gα(i2) or Gα(i3), we show that Gα(i2) is necessary for neutrophil influx in skin and lung Arthus reactions and agonist-induced neutrophilia in the peritoneum, whereas Gα(i3) plays a less critical but variable role. Detailed analyses of the pulmonary IC-induced inflammatory response revealed several shared functions of Gα(i2) and Gα(i3), including mediating C5a anaphylatoxin receptor-induced activation of macrophages, involvement in alveolar production of chemokines, transition of neutrophils from bone marrow into blood, and modulation of CD11b and CD62L expression that account for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Interestingly, C5a-stimulated endothelial polymorphonuclear neutrophil transmigration, but not chemotaxis, is enhanced versus reduced in the absence of neutrophil Gα(i3) or Gα(i2), respectively, and knockdown of endothelial Gα(i2) caused decreased transmigration of wild-type neutrophils. These data demonstrate that Gα(i2) and Gα(i3) contribute to inflammation by redundant, overlapping, and Gα(i)-isoform-specific mechanisms, with Gα(i2) exhibiting unique functions in both neutrophils and endothelial cells that appear essential for polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment in IC disease.
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Defective macrophage migration in Gαi2- but not Gαi3-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:980-7. [PMID: 22706085 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various heterotrimeric G(i) proteins are considered to be involved in cell migration and effector function of immune cells. The underlying mechanisms, how they control the activation of myeloid effector cells, are not well understood. To elucidate isoform-redundant and -specific roles for Gα(i) proteins in these processes, we analyzed mice genetically deficient in Gα(i2) or Gα(i3). First, we show an altered distribution of tissue macrophages and blood monocytes in the absence of Gα(i2) but not Gα(i3). Gα(i2)-deficient but not wild-type or Gα(i3)-deficient mice exhibited reduced recruitment of macrophages in experimental models of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and LPS-triggered lung injury. In contrast, genetic ablation of Gα(i2) had no effect on Gα(i)-dependent peritoneal cytokine production in vitro and the phagocytosis-promoting function of the Gα(i)-coupled C5a anaphylatoxin receptor by liver macrophages in vivo. Interestingly, actin rearrangement and CCL2- and C5a anaphylatoxin receptor-induced chemotaxis but not macrophage CCR2 and C5a anaphylatoxin receptor expression were reduced in the specific absence of Gα(i2). Furthermore, knockdown of Gα(i2) caused decreased cell migration and motility of RAW 264.7 cells, which was rescued by transfection of Gα(i2) but not Gα(i3). These results indicate that Gα(i2), albeit redundant to Gα(i3) in some macrophage activation processes, clearly exhibits a Gα(i) isoform-specific role in the regulation of macrophage migration.
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Depletion of dendritic cells enhances innate anti-bacterial host defense through modulation of phagocyte homeostasis. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002552. [PMID: 22383883 PMCID: PMC3285606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) as professional antigen-presenting cells play an important role in the initiation and modulation of the adaptive immune response. However, their role in the innate immune response against bacterial infections is not completely defined. Here we have analyzed the role of DCs and their impact on the innate anti-bacterial host defense in an experimental infection model of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye). We used CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DT) mice to deplete DCs prior to severe infection with Ye. DC depletion significantly increased animal survival after Ye infection. The bacterial load in the spleen of DC-depleted mice was significantly lower than that of control mice throughout the infection. DC depletion was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of CXCL1, G-CSF, IL-1α, and CCL2 and an increase in the numbers of splenic phagocytes. Functionally, splenocytes from DC-depleted mice exhibited an increased bacterial killing capacity compared to splenocytes from control mice. Cellular studies further showed that this was due to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils from DC-depleted mice into control mice prior to Ye infection reduced the bacterial load to the level of Ye-infected DC-depleted mice, suggesting that the increased number of phagocytes with additional ROS production account for the decreased bacterial load. Furthermore, after incubation with serum from DC-depleted mice splenocytes from control mice increased their bacterial killing capacity, most likely due to enhanced ROS production by neutrophils, indicating that serum factors from DC-depleted mice account for this effect. In summary, we could show that DC depletion triggers phagocyte accumulation in the spleen and enhances their anti-bacterial killing capacity upon bacterial infection.
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P53 CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RED WINE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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In-hospital and long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction in patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery; 19-year experience. ScientificWorldJournal 2009; 9:1023-30. [PMID: 19802496 PMCID: PMC5823101 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2009.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To present a 19-year experience of the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS), 748 patients with AMI after prior CABS (postbypass group) and a control group of 1080 patients with AMI, but without prior CABS, were analyzed. All indexes of infarct size were lower in the postbypass group. There was more ventricular fibrillation in the postbypass group. In-hospital mortality was similar (p = 0.3675). In the follow-up period, postbypass patients had more heart failure, recurrent CABS, reinfarction, and unstable angina than did control patients. Cumulative survival was better in the control group than in the postbypass group (p = 0.0403). Multiple logistic regression model showed that previous angina (p = 0.0005), diabetes (p = 0.0058), and age (p = 0.0102) were independent predictor factors for survival. Use of digitalis and diuretics, together with previous angina, also influenced survival (p = 0.0092), as well as male gender, older patients, and diabetes together (p = 0.0420). Patients with AMI after prior CABS had smaller infarct, but more reinfarction, reoperation, heart failure, and angina. Previous angina, diabetes, and age, independently, as well as use of digitalis and diuretics together with angina, and male gender, older patients, and diabetes together, influenced a worse survival rate in these patients.
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Abstract: P1404 A ROLE OF ION CHANNELS IN RELAXATION OF RAT MESENTERIC ARTERY INDUCED BY RESVERATROL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RESVERATROL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tu-P7:98 The mechanism of relaxation in human internal mammary artery induced by resveratrol. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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W09-P-015 The effects of resveratrol on the isolated rat arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(05)80171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting. ACTA CHIRURGICA IUGOSLAVICA 2005; 52:11-9. [PMID: 16812988 DOI: 10.2298/aci0503011n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of advanced coronary artery disease. CABG surgery has been demonstrated to improve symptoms and, in specific subgroups of patients, to prolong life. Despite its success, the long-term outcome of coronary bypass surgery is strongly influenced by the fate of the vascular conduits used. Previous long-term studies have shown unsatisfactory patency of saphenous vein grafts used for myocardial revascularisation, compared with internal mammary artery grafts. Recently, the use of radial artery for CABG has enjoyed a revival, on the basis of the belief that it will help improving long-term results of coronary operations. The recent reports of encouraging mid-term and long-term patency rates of the radial artery, supports its continued use as a bypass conduit. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the radial artery as a bypass graft, with special emphasis on the clinical results.
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W01.27 The mechanism of endothelium independent vasorelaxation induced by wine polyphenol resveratrol. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Women's needs and preferences for psychological help and support in a gynaecological outpatient service. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/0264683031000154962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cloning and characterization of an ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expressed in the squid nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17:2256-66. [PMID: 12814359 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the cloning of a putative ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit, SqGluR, and its distribution in the nervous system of the squid. A full-length cDNA was assembled from a cDNA library of the stellate ganglion/giant fibre lobe complex of Loligo opalescens. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature SqGluR displayed 44-46% amino acid identity with mammalian GluR1-GluR4 and 53% with Lym-eGluR1 from Lymnaea stagnalis. In situ hybridizations in adult squid confirmed that the SqGluR mRNA is abundant in giant fibre lobe neurons, in large, presumptive motor neurons of the stellate ganglion proper and in the supraoesophageal and optic lobes of the central nervous system. In newborn squid, SqGluR mRNA expression was detected throughout the nervous system but not elsewhere. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 15 amino acids of the SqGluR C-terminus was used to generate polyclonal antibodies, which were used for immunoblot analysis to demonstrate widespread expression in the squid central and peripheral nervous systems. Injection of the synthetic peptide into the postsynaptic side of the giant synapse inhibited synaptic transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/growth & development
- Animals, Newborn/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Decapodiformes
- Electric Stimulation
- Electrophysiology
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology
- Gene Library
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Immunoblotting
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Vitro Techniques
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nervous System/growth & development
- Nervous System/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Subunits/chemistry
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Glutamate/chemistry
- Receptors, Glutamate/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stellate Ganglion/drug effects
- Stellate Ganglion/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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An exploration of the nature and causes of distress in women attending gynecology outpatient clinics. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 23:237-48. [PMID: 12520861 DOI: 10.3109/01674820209074678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the distress experienced by women attending gynecology outpatient clinics (GOCs). We investigate causes of this distress and explore women's own experience of their distress. A questionnaire survey of 197 women attending GOCs was carried out, both quantitative and qualitative analyses were undertaken. Thirty-five percent of women showed clinical levels of anxiety, 13% had clinically significant depression and half reported feeling distressed. A range of feelings was reported, though commonly mixed emotions were expressed. Women had a low sense of personal control and uncertainty in relation to their gynecologic problem. Both coincidental stress, such as life changes, and the direct consequences of the gynecologic problem were predictive of anxiety. Qualitative analysis suggested four ways in which women experienced their distress and the gynecologic problem: (i) gynecologic symptoms were a direct cause of distress, (ii) gynecologic symptoms caused distress indirectly through reactions to diagnosis and treatment, (iii) gynecologic symptoms caused distress because of their impact on relationships, social life and self identity, and (iv) distress was unrelated to the gynecologic symptoms. Results highlight diversity and complexity in women's experiences and support the need for a fuller understanding of distress in this group in order to meet their needs adequately and appropriately.
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[2 years' administration of timolol to patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma]. BULLETIN DES SOCIETES D'OPHTALMOLOGIE DE FRANCE 1982; 82:311-2. [PMID: 7116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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