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Benvenga V, Cuénod A, Purushothaman S, Dasen G, Weisser M, Bassetti S, Roloff T, Siegemund M, Heininger U, Bielicki J, Wehrli M, Friderich P, Frei R, Widmer A, Herzog K, Fankhauser H, Nolte O, Bodmer T, Risch M, Dubuis O, Pranghofer S, Calligaris-Maibach R, Graf S, Perreten V, Seth-Smith HMB, Egli A. Historic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: expanding current knowledge using molecular epidemiological characterization of a Swiss legacy collection. Genome Med 2024; 16:23. [PMID: 38317199 PMCID: PMC10840241 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the early years of its global emergence have been sequenced. Knowledge about evolutionary factors promoting the success of specific MRSA multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs) remains scarce. We aimed to characterize a legacy MRSA collection isolated from 1965 to 1987 and compare it against publicly available international and local genomes. METHODS We accessed 451 historic (1965-1987) MRSA isolates stored in the Culture Collection of Switzerland, mostly collected from the Zurich region. We determined phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina short-read sequencing on all isolates and long-read sequencing on a selection with Oxford Nanopore Technology. For context, we included 103 publicly available international assemblies from 1960 to 1992 and sequenced 1207 modern Swiss MRSA isolates from 2007 to 2022. We analyzed the core genome (cg)MLST and predicted SCCmec cassette types, AMR, and virulence genes. RESULTS Among the 451 historic Swiss MRSA isolates, we found 17 sequence types (STs) of which 11 have been previously described. Two STs were novel combinations of known loci and six isolates carried previously unsubmitted MLST alleles, representing five new STs (ST7843, ST7844, ST7837, ST7839, and ST7842). Most isolates (83% 376/451) represented ST247-MRSA-I isolated in the 1960s, followed by ST7844 (6% 25/451), a novel single locus variant (SLV) of ST239. Analysis by cgMLST indicated that isolates belonging to ST7844-MRSA-III cluster within the diversity of ST239-MRSA-III. Early MRSA were predominantly from clonal complex (CC)8. From 1980 to the end of the twentieth century, we observed that CC22 and CC5 as well as CC8 were present, both locally and internationally. CONCLUSIONS The combined analysis of 1761 historic and contemporary MRSA isolates across more than 50 years uncovered novel STs and allowed us a glimpse into the lineage flux between Swiss-German and international MRSA across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanni Benvenga
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Aline Cuénod
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Srinithi Purushothaman
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | | | - Maja Weisser
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Wehrli
- Microbiology Department, Hospital of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Friderich
- Medicinal microbiology department, Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reno Frei
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Herzog
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Thurgau, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Fankhauser
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nolte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Clinical Microbiology, Zentrum für Labormedizin St, Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Dubuis
- Clinical Microbiology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Susanne Graf
- Clinical Microbiology, Cantonal Hospital Basellandschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform (SPSP), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Basel, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Swiss Pathogen Surveillance Platform (SPSP), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Hager AGM, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Correction to: Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home-based training: a randomized controlled trial. GeroScience 2023; 45:3099-3100. [PMID: 37458935 PMCID: PMC10643781 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada.
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - M Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Management, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A G Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | - S Cardin
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Boller
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Canada
| | - N Bier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - N Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J F Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Estill J, Venkova-Marchevska P, Günthard HF, Botero-Mesa S, Thiabaud A, Roelens M, Vancauwenberghe L, Damonti L, Heininger U, Iten A, Schreiber PW, Sommerstein R, Tschudin-Sutter S, Troillet N, Vuichard-Gysin D, Widmer A, Hothorn T, Keiser O. Treatment effect of remdesivir on the mortality of hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Switzerland across different patient groups: a tree-based model analysis. Swiss Med Wkly 2023; 153:40095. [PMID: 37769356 DOI: 10.57187/smw.2023.40095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Remdesivir has shown benefits against COVID-19. However, it remains unclear whether, to what extent, and among whom remdesivir can reduce COVID-19-related mortality. We explored whether the treatment response to remdesivir differed by patient characteristics. METHODS We analysed data collected from a hospital surveillance study conducted in 21 referral hospitals in Switzerland between 2020 and 2022. We applied model-based recursive partitioning to group patients by the association between treatment levels and mortality. We included either treatment (levels: none, remdesivir within 7 days of symptom onset, remdesivir after 7 days, or another treatment), age and sex, or treatment only as regression variables. Candidate partitioning variables included a range of risk factors and comorbidities (and age and sex unless included in regression). We repeated the analyses using local centring to correct the results for the propensity to receive treatment. RESULTS Overall (n = 21,790 patients), remdesivir within 7 days was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratios 1.28-1.54 versus no treatment). The CURB-65 score caused the most instability in the regression parameters of the model. When adjusted for age and sex, patients receiving remdesivir within 7 days of onset had higher mortality than those not treated in all identified eight patient groups. When age and sex were included as partitioning variables instead, the number of groups increased to 19-20; in five to six of those branches, mortality was lower among patients who received early remdesivir. Factors determining the groups where remdesivir was potentially beneficial included the presence of oncological comorbidities, male sex, and high age. CONCLUSIONS Some subgroups of patients, such as individuals with oncological comorbidities or elderly males, may benefit from remdesivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Estill
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Department of Infectious Diseaes and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Botero-Mesa
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Thiabaud
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maroussia Roelens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Lauro Damonti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Iten
- Service of Prevention and Infection Control, Directorate of Medicine and Quality, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Schreiber
- Department of Infectious Diseaes and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Hospital Group, Muensterlingen and Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Damonti L, Atkinson A, Fontannaz L, Burnham JP, Jent P, Troillet N, Widmer A, Marschall J. Influence of environmental temperature and heatwaves on surgical site infection after hip and knee arthroplasty: a nationwide study. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:125-131. [PMID: 36996907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported higher incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after procedures performed in summer or with high temperatures. However, no study used detailed climate data to assess this risk after hip and knee arthroplasty, and no study specifically investigated the role of heatwaves. AIM To assess the impact of higher environmental temperatures and heatwaves on SSI rates after hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS Data on hip and knee arthroplasty procedures performed between 01/2013 - 09/2019 in hospitals participating in the Swiss SSI surveillance were linked to climate data extracted from weather stations located in their vicinity. The association between temperature, heatwaves and SSI was studied using mixed effects logistic regression models fitted at the patient level. Poisson mixed models were fitted for both calendar year and month of the year to investigate the SSI incidence trajectory over time. RESULTS We included 116,981 procedures performed in 122 hospitals. Significantly higher SSI rates were observed for procedures performed in the summertime (incidence rate ratio 1.39, 95% CI [1.20-1.60], p<0.001; reference: autumn) or in calendar months in which the mean temperature was above 20°C (reference 05-10°C; odds ratio 1.59, 95% CI [1.27, 1.98] p<0.001). We observed a slight but non-significant increase in the rate of SSI during heatwaves (1.44% versus 1.01%, p=0.2). CONCLUSION SSI rates after hip and knee replacement appear to increase with higher environmental temperature. To establish if, and to what extent, heatwaves increase the risk of SSI, studies involving geographical areas with larger variability in temperature are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Damonti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Fontannaz
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Burnham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S
| | - Philipp Jent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Hospitals and Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S
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5
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Scheithauer S, Dilthey A, Bludau A, Ciesek S, Corman V, Donker T, Eckmanns T, Egelkamp R, Grundmann H, Häcker G, Kaase M, Lange B, Mellmann A, Mielke M, Pletz M, Salzberger B, Thürmer A, Widmer A, Wieler LH, Wolff T, Gatermann S, Semmler T. [Establishment of genomic pathogen surveillance to strengthen pandemic preparedness and infection prevention in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:443-449. [PMID: 36811648 PMCID: PMC9945818 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic has shown a deficit of essential epidemiological infrastructure, especially with regard to genomic pathogen surveillance in Germany. In order to prepare for future pandemics, the authors consider it urgently necessary to remedy this existing deficit by establishing an efficient infrastructure for genomic pathogen surveillance. Such a network can build on structures, processes, and interactions that have already been initiated regionally and further optimize them. It will be able to respond to current and future challenges with a high degree of adaptability.The aim of this paper is to address the urgency and to outline proposed measures for establishing an efficient, adaptable, and responsive genomic pathogen surveillance network, taking into account external framework conditions and internal standards. The proposed measures are based on global and country-specific best practices and strategy papers. Specific next steps to achieve an integrated genomic pathogen surveillance include linking epidemiological data with pathogen genomic data; sharing and coordinating existing resources; making surveillance data available to relevant decision-makers, the public health service, and the scientific community; and engaging all stakeholders. The establishment of a genomic pathogen surveillance network is essential for the continuous, stable, active surveillance of the infection situation in Germany, both during pandemic phases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scheithauer
- Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | - Alexander Dilthey
- Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Anna Bludau
- Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Victor Corman
- Institut für Virologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Tjibbe Donker
- Institut für Infektionsprävention und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Richard Egelkamp
- Next Generation Sequencing, Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Hajo Grundmann
- Institut für Infektionsprävention und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Martin Kaase
- Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Berit Lange
- Abteilung Epidemiologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institut für Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | | | - Mathias Pletz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Infektiologie, Abteilung für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Andreas Widmer
- Abteilung für Infektiologie und Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | | | | | - Sören Gatermann
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
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Portmann L, de Kraker MEA, Fröhlich G, Thiabaud A, Roelens M, Schreiber PW, Troillet N, Iten A, Widmer A, Harbarth S, Sommerstein R. Hospital Outcomes of Community-Acquired SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection Compared With Influenza Infection in Switzerland. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2255599. [PMID: 36790812 PMCID: PMC9932839 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to assess the current burden of disease of community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in hospitalized patients to tailor appropriate public health policies. Comparisons with better-known seasonal influenza infections may facilitate such decisions. OBJECTIVE To compare the in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with patients with influenza. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was based on a national COVID-19 and influenza registry. Hospitalized patients aged 18 years and older with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who were admitted between January 15 and March 15, 2022 (when B.1.1.529 Omicron predominance was >95%), and hospitalized patients with influenza A or B infection from January 1, 2018, to March 15, 2022, where included. Patients without a study outcome by August 30, 2022, were censored. The study was conducted at 15 hospitals in Switzerland. EXPOSURES Community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant vs community-acquired seasonal influenza A or B. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary and secondary outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant or influenza. Cox regression (cause-specific and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models) was used to account for time-dependency and competing events, with inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounders with right-censoring at day 30. RESULTS Of 5212 patients included from 15 hospitals, 3066 (58.8%) had SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in 14 centers and 2146 patients (41.2%) had influenza A or B in 14 centers. Of patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, 1485 (48.4%) were female, while 1113 patients with influenza (51.9%) were female (P = .02). Patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were younger (median [IQR] age, 71 [53-82] years) than those with influenza (median [IQR] age, 74 [59-83] years; P < .001). Overall, 214 patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (7.0%) died during hospitalization vs 95 patients with influenza (4.4%; P < .001). The final adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (sdHR) for in-hospital death for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant vs influenza was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.18-2.01; P = .002). Overall, 250 patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (8.6%) vs 169 patients with influenza (8.3%) were admitted to the ICU (P = .79). After adjustment, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was not significantly associated with increased ICU admission vs influenza (sdHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.88-1.32; P = .50). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The data from this prospective, multicenter cohort study suggest a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality for patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant vs those with influenza, while ICU admission rates were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Portmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, Clinic St Anna, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marlieke E. A. de Kraker
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Georg Fröhlich
- Heart Clinic Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amaury Thiabaud
- Institute of Global Health of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maroussia Roelens
- Institute of Global Health of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter W. Schreiber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Central Institution, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Iten
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, Clinic St Anna, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Vuichard-Gysin D, Sommerstein R, Kronenberg A, Buetti N, Eder M, Piezzi V, Gardiol C, Schlegel M, Harbarth S, Widmer A. High adherence to national IPC guidelines as key to sustainable VRE control in Swiss hospitals: a cross-sectional survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35090563 PMCID: PMC8795934 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are on the rise in many European hospitals. In 2018, Switzerland experienced its largest nosocomial VRE outbreak. The national center for infection prevention (Swissnoso) elaborated recommendations for controlling this outbreak and published guidelines to prevent epidemic and endemic VRE spread. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate adherence to this new guideline and its potential impact on the VRE epidemiology in Swiss acute care hospitals. Methods In March 2020, Swissnoso distributed a survey among all Swiss acute care hospitals. The level of adherence as well as changes of infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in the years 2018 and 2019 after publication of the national guidelines were asked along with an inventory on VRE surveillance and outbreaks. Results Data of 97/146 (66%) participants were available, representing 81.6% of all acute care beds operated in Switzerland in 2019. The vast majority—72/81 (88%) responding hospitals—have entirely or largely adopted our new national guideline. 38/51 (74.5%) hospitals which experienced VRE cases were significantly more likely to have changed their IPC strategies than those 19/38 (50%) hospitals without VRE cases p = 0.017). The new IPC guidelines included (1) introduction of targeted admission screening in 89.5%, (2) screening of close contacts of VRE cases in 56%, and (3) contact precaution for suspected VRE cases 58% of these hospitals. 52 (54%) hospitals reported 569 new VRE cases in 2018 including 14 bacteremia, and 472 new cases in 2019 with 10 bacteremia. The ten largest outbreaks encountered between 2018 and 2019 included 671 VRE cases, of which most (93.4%) consisted of colonization events, 29 (4.3%) infections and 15 (2.2%) bacteremia. Conclusion Wide adoption of this VRE control guideline seemed to have a positive effect on VRE containment in Swiss acute care hospitals over two years, even if its long-term impact on the VRE epidemiology remains to be evaluated. Broad dissemination and strict implementation of a uniform national guideline may therefore serve as model for other countries to fight VRE epidemics on a national level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-022-01051-9.
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8
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Muigg V, Cuénod A, Purushothaman S, Siegemund M, Wittwer M, Pflüger V, Schmidt KM, Weisser M, Ritz N, Widmer A, Goldenberger D, Hinic V, Roloff T, Søgaard KK, Egli A, Seth-Smith HM. Diagnostic challenges within the Bacillus cereus-group: finding the beast without teeth. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 49-50:101040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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9
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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Mittaz Hager AG, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home-based training: a randomized controlled trial. GeroScience 2022; 45:811-822. [PMID: 36266559 PMCID: PMC9589849 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidomain interventions have shown tremendous potential for improving cognition in older adults. It is unclear if multidomain interventions can be delivered remotely and whether remote intervention is beneficial for older adults who are vulnerable or at risk of cognitive decline. In a 26-week multi-site, home-based, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 120 cognitively healthy older adults (75 robust, 45 pre-frail; age range = 60-94) recruited from Switzerland, Canada, and Belgium were randomized to receive either the StayFitLonger (SFL) computerized multidomain training program or an active control intervention. Delivered on tablets, the SFL intervention combined adapted physical exercises (strength, balance, and mobility), cognitive training (divided attention, problem solving, and memory), opportunities for social and contributive interactions, and psychoeducation. The active control intervention provided basic mobilization exercises and access to video games. Cognitive outcomes were global cognition (Z-scores of attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory for nondemented older adults; ZAVEN), memory, executive function, and processing speed. Linear mixed model analyses indicated improved performance on the ZAVEN global cognition score in the SFL group but not in the active control group. Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed improved ZAVEN global cognition and processing speed scores following SFL in the pre-frail group but not in the robust group. Overall, the study indicates that a computerized program providing a multidomain intervention at home can improve cognition in older adults. Importantly, pre-frail individuals, who are at higher risk of cognitive decline, seem to benefit more from the intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT037519 Registered on January 22, 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04237519 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M. Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada
| | - M. Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,MindMaze, SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K. Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A. Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Management, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A. G. Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | | | - B. Boller
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Canada
| | - N. Bier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L. Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada ,Montréal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - N. Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S. Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. F. Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Vuichard-Gysin D, Nueesch R, Fuerer RL, Dangel M, Widmer A. Measuring perception of mental well-being in patients under isolation precautions: a prospective comparative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e044639. [PMID: 35314467 PMCID: PMC8938694 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Isolation precautions (IP) are applied to prevent transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings. Potential negative health outcomes experienced by patients have been previously described but results remain conflicting. We aimed at evaluating the psychological impact of IP in adult patients in isolation using a novel psychological assessment tool. STUDY DESIGN Prospective matched cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care centre in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Hospitalised patients under IP and non-isolated patients were matched by ward, age and illness severity. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured surrogates of mental and social well-being by using the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) instrument once during hospitalisation. PRISM is a visual psychometric instrument that has been validated as a quantitative measure of suffering. Smaller distance in self-to-illness separation (SIS) signifies higher importance for a patient. RESULTS 156 patients agreed to participate of which 63 were under IP and 93 were matched controls. Median (IQR) duration of isolation was 5 days (2-10). The median SIS (IQR) for perceived inferior nurses' care was 22.8 (18.5-24.3) and 23.8 (23.3-25.5) for isolated and non-isolated patients, respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, median SIS (IQR) was significantly smaller in isolated than non-isolated patients for avoidance by visitors with 17.5 (7.7-22.0) and 22.2 (21.8-22.6), for loneliness with 7.5 (3.6-16.0) and 18 (10.2-21.6) and for feeling impure with 19 (17.0-21.5) and 21.5 (18.9-22.1), respectively (all p values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS IP to prevent transmission of pathogens may negatively impact mental and social well-being. Measures to alleviate adverse effects of IP should be taken routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Internal Medicine, Spital Thurgau AG, Muensterlingen, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Nueesch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine, Schwyz Hospital, Schwyz, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Dangel
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Fröhlich GM, De Kraker MEA, Abbas M, Keiser O, Thiabaud A, Roelens M, Cusini A, Flury D, Schreiber PW, Buettcher M, Corti N, Vuichard-Gysin D, Troillet N, Sauser J, Gaudenz R, Damonti L, Balmelli C, Iten A, Widmer A, Harbarth S, Sommerstein R. Hospital outcomes of community-acquired COVID-19 versus influenza: Insights from the Swiss hospital-based surveillance of influenza and COVID-19. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2001848. [PMID: 34991775 PMCID: PMC8739338 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.1.2001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the disease has frequently been compared with seasonal influenza, but this comparison is based on little empirical data.AimThis study compares in-hospital outcomes for patients with community-acquired COVID-19 and patients with community-acquired influenza in Switzerland.MethodsThis retrospective multi-centre cohort study includes patients > 18 years admitted for COVID-19 or influenza A/B infection determined by RT-PCR. Primary and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission for patients with COVID-19 or influenza. We used Cox regression (cause-specific and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models) to account for time-dependency and competing events with inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounders.ResultsIn 2020, 2,843 patients with COVID-19 from 14 centres were included. Between 2018 and 2020, 1,381 patients with influenza from seven centres were included; 1,722 (61%) of the patients with COVID-19 and 666 (48%) of the patients with influenza were male (p < 0.001). The patients with COVID-19 were younger (median 67 years; interquartile range (IQR): 54-78) than the patients with influenza (median 74 years; IQR: 61-84) (p < 0.001). A larger percentage of patients with COVID-19 (12.8%) than patients with influenza (4.4%) died in hospital (p < 0.001). The final adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio for mortality was 3.01 (95% CI: 2.22-4.09; p < 0.001) for COVID-19 compared with influenza and 2.44 (95% CI: 2.00-3.00, p < 0.001) for ICU admission.ConclusionCommunity-acquired COVID-19 was associated with worse outcomes compared with community-acquired influenza, as the hazards of ICU admission and in-hospital death were about two-fold to three-fold higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Marcus Fröhlich
- HeartClinic Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlieke E A De Kraker
- Infection Control program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Infection Control program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Thiabaud
- Institute of Global Health of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maroussia Roelens
- Institute of Global Health of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Cusini
- Kantonsspital Graubünden, Department for General Medicine, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter W Schreiber
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Buettcher
- Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Children's Hospital, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Natascia Corti
- Department for General Medicine, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Department for General Medicine, Spital Thurgau, Frauenfeld, Switzerland.,Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Julien Sauser
- Infection Control program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roman Gaudenz
- Department for General Medicine, Kantonsspital Nidwalden, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Lauro Damonti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Ticino, Division of Infection control and Hospital Epidemiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anne Iten
- Infection Control program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,Infection Control program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, Clinic St. Anna, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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12
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Metsini A, Widmer A, Zingg W, Gardiol C, Vuichard-Gysin D, Eder M, Maag J, Schlegel M, Marschall J, Harbarth S, Sommerstein R. Evaluation of existing and desired measures to monitor, prevent and control healthcare-associated infections in Swiss hospitals. Swiss Med Wkly 2021; 151:w20516. [PMID: 34265072 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2021.20516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimal surveillance and prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are crucial for a well-functioning health care system. With a view to establishing a national state-of-the-art programme for surveillance and prevention of HAIs, the Swiss National Center for Infection Control, Swissnoso, developed a survey to explore the options for expanding the existing Swiss HAI surveillance system. METHODS An online survey was sent to all Swiss acute care hospitals. Local infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals were asked to answer on behalf of their institutions. The questions covered the structure and organisation of IPC programmes, current preventive measures, availability and capacity of electronic medical record (EMR) systems, and ability and willingness to establish and participate in the proposed new surveillance modules. An invitation was sent to the 156 acute care hospitals and hospital networks in June 2020. Responses were collected up to the end of August 2020. RESULTS Ninety-four hospitals and hospital networks out of 156 (60%) completed the survey. Among 84 hospitals reporting the number of acute care beds, 61 (73%) were small (<200 beds), 16 (19%) medium (200–650 beds) and 7 (8%) large hospitals (>650 beds). Twenty-nine different EMR systems were used in the participating hospitals. Twenty-two hospitals were using a different EMR system in their intensive care unit. There were 17 hospitals (18%) without an EMR system but which planned to introduce one soon, and eight small hospitals (9%) neither had an EMR system nor were preparing to introduce one. Surveillance for central-line associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia were already established in 26 (28%), 15 (16%) and 15 (16%) hospitals, respectively. Thirty hospitals (36%) would be willing to participate in the pilot phase of a new surveillance system. Of these, 15 stated that they wanted to be part of the pilot hospital network, 6 could provide hospital-wide surveillance denominators (such as catheter-days and patient-days) to compute incidence rates, and 8 indicated interest in doing both. Large hospitals interested in participating in the pilot phase reported more full-time equivalent staff available for surveillance activities than those who did not declare an interest. CONCLUSIONS Baseline information on hospital IPC structure and process indicators are essential for the roll-out of national surveillance programmes and for improving surveillance activities. Having an EMR system in place and adequate personnel resources dedicated for surveillance activities are crucial prerequisites for developing and implementing an effective HAI surveillance system. The lack of an EMR system and the diversity and capacities of EMR solutions will be the main challenges for successful implementation of national HAI surveillance modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Metsini
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Cantonal Physician Office, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Division of Infectious diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel Hospitals and Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Zingg
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Thurgau Hospital Group, Muensterlingen and Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Eder
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Maag
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schlegel
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Swissnoso, Swiss Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland / Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland / Infectious Diseases, Hirslanden Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland
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13
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Seth-Smith HMB, Biggel M, Roloff T, Hinic V, Bodmer T, Risch M, Casanova C, Widmer A, Sommerstein R, Marschall J, Tschudin-Sutter S, Egli A. Transition From PCR-Ribotyping to Whole Genome Sequencing Based Typing of Clostridioides difficile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681518. [PMID: 34141631 PMCID: PMC8204696 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile causes nosocomial outbreaks which can lead to severe and even life-threatening colitis. Rapid molecular diagnostic tests allow the identification of toxin-producing, potentially hypervirulent strains, which is critical for patient management and infection control. PCR-ribotyping has been used for decades as the reference standard to investigate transmission in suspected outbreaks. However, the introduction of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for molecular epidemiology provides a realistic alternative to PCR-ribotyping. In this transition phase it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the two technologies, and to assess their correlation. We aimed to investigate ribotype prediction from WGS data, and options for analysis at different levels of analytical granularity. Ribotypes cannot be directly determined from short read Illumina sequence data as the rRNA operons including the ribotype-defining ISR fragments collapse in genome assemblies, and comparison with traditional PCR-ribotyping results becomes impossible. Ribotype extraction from long read Oxford nanopore data also requires optimization. We have compared WGS-based typing with PCR-ribotyping in nearly 300 clinical and environmental isolates from Switzerland, and in addition from the Enterobase database (n=1778). Our results show that while multi-locus sequence type (MLST) often correlates with a specific ribotype, the agreement is not complete, and for some ribotypes the resolution is insufficient. Using core genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis, there is an improved resolution and ribotypes can often be predicted within clusters, using cutoffs of 30-50 allele differences. The exceptions are ribotypes within known ribotype complexes such as RT078/RT106, where the genome differences in cgMLST do not reflect the ribotype segregation. We show that different ribotype clusters display different degrees of diversity, which could be important for the definition of ribotype cluster specific cutoffs. WGS-based analysis offers the ultimate resolution to the SNP level, enabling exploration of patient-to-patient transmission. PCR-ribotyping does not sufficiently discriminate to prove nosocomial transmission with certainty. We discuss the associated challenges and opportunities in a switch to WGS from conventional ribotyping for C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Biggel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinic
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Clinical Microbiology, Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr Risch, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Martin Risch
- Clinical Microbiology, Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr Risch, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Casanova
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases, Hirslanden Central Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Conen A, Stortecky S, Moreillon P, Hannan M, Franzeck F, Jeger R, Widmer A. A review of recommendations for infective endocarditis prevention in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 16:1135-1140. [PMID: 32207407 PMCID: PMC9725011 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-19-00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new disease entity. The rate of IE after TAVI is similar to that after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but mortality and prevalence of Enterococcus spp. as causing pathogens are significantly higher. Guidelines on infection prevention measures before TAVI procedures are currently lacking. We performed a structured review of the available data to provide interim recommendations based on guidelines to prevent infections issued by the World Health Organization as well as guidelines by professional societies from Europe and the USA. Such interim recommendations based on expert opinions are probably justified until large randomised trials provide strong evidence for infection control in TAVI, because IE after TAVI is often related to the TAVI procedure itself and the associated mortality rate is high. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be adapted from an intravenous cephalosporin to, e.g., amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, to cover enterococci. In addition, infection control should follow operating room standards as far as is reasonable, even if the evidence for this recommendation is very low. These recommendations are endorsed by the International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Conen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Stortecky
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Moreillon
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Hannan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabian Franzeck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raban Jeger
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Thiabaud A, Iten A, Balmelli C, Senn L, Troillet N, Widmer A, Flury D, Schreiber PW, Vázquez M, Damonti L, Buettcher M, Vuichard-Gysin D, Kuhm C, Cusini A, Riedel T, Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, Gaudenz R, Heininger U, Berger C, Zucol F, Bernhard-Stirnemann S, Corti N, Zimmermann P, Uka A, Niederer-Loher A, Gardiol C, Roelens M, Keiser O. Cohort profile: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 hospitalised patients in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2021; 151:w20475. [PMID: 33638351 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2021.20475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, which emerged in China in late 2019, rapidly spread across the world with several million victims in 213 countries. Switzerland was severely hit by the virus, with 43,000 confirmed cases as of 1 September 2020. AIM In cooperation with the Federal Office of Public Health, we set up a surveillance database in February 2020 to monitor hospitalised patients with COVID-19, in addition to their mandatory reporting system. METHODS Patients hospitalised for more than 24 hours with a positive polymerase chain-reaction test, from 20 Swiss hospitals, are included. Data were collected in a customised case report form based on World Health Organisation recommendations and adapted to local needs. Nosocomial infections were defined as infections for which the onset of symptoms was more than 5 days after the patient’s admission date. RESULTS As of 1 September 2020, 3645 patients were included. Most patients were male (2168, 59.5%), and aged between 50 and 89 years (2778, 76.2%), with a median age of 68 (interquartile range 54–79). Community infections dominated with 3249 (89.0%) reports. Comorbidities were frequently reported, with hypertension (1481, 61.7%), cardiovascular diseases (948, 39.5%) and diabetes (660, 27.5%) being the most frequent in adults; respiratory diseases and asthma (4, 21.1%), haematological and oncological diseases (3, 15.8%) were the most frequent in children. Complications occurred in 2679 (73.4%) episodes, mostly respiratory diseases (2470, 93.2% in adults; 16, 55.2% in children), and renal (681, 25.7%) and cardiac (631, 23.8%) complications for adults. The second and third most frequent complications in children affected the digestive system and the liver (7, 24.1%). A targeted treatment was given in 1299 (35.6%) episodes, mostly with hydroxychloroquine (989, 76.1%). Intensive care units stays were reported in 578 (15.8%) episodes. A total of 527 (14.5%) deaths were registered, all among adults. CONCLUSION The surveillance system has been successfully initiated and provides a robust set of data for Switzerland by including about 80% (compared with official statistics) of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 hospitalised patients, with similar age and comorbidity distributions. It adds detailed information on the epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of these cases and, therefore, is a valuable addition to the existing mandatory reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Thiabaud
- Institut de Santé Globale, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Iten
- Service de prévention et contrôle de l'infection, Direction médicale et qualité, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Infection Control Programme, EOC Hospitals, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Senn
- Service de médecine préventive hospitalière, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Flury
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Schreiber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Vázquez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lauro Damonti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Buettcher
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Kuhm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Cantonal Hospital, Thurgau, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Cusini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Riedel
- Department of Paediatrics, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | - Roman Gaudenz
- Innere Medizin und Infektiologie, Kantonsspital Nidwalden, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zucol
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Natascia Corti
- Unit of General Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland / Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anita Uka
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland / Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Céline Gardiol
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maroussia Roelens
- Institut de Santé Globale, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institut de Santé Globale, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Schmid H, Heininger U, Vuichard-Gysin D, Widmer A, Bielicki J. Preventive measures for accompanying caregivers of children in paediatric health care during the COVID-19 pandemic-walking an ethical tightrope. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:S1198-743X(21)00050-1. [PMID: 33540116 PMCID: PMC8055169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Schmid
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Heininger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Swissnoso, the National Centre for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Cantonal Hospital, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, the National Centre for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Swissnoso, the National Centre for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Brasier N, Widmer A, Osthoff M, Mutke M, De Ieso F, Brasier-Lutz P, Brown K, Yao L, Broeckling CD, Prenni J, Eckstein J. The Detection of Vancomycin in Sweat: A Next-Generation Digital Surrogate Marker for Antibiotic Tissue Penetration: A Pilot Study. Digit Biomark 2021; 5:24-28. [PMID: 33615119 PMCID: PMC7879282 DOI: 10.1159/000512947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assuring adequate antibiotic tissue concentrations at the point of infection, especially in skin and soft tissue infections, is pivotal for an effective treatment and cure. Despite the global issue, a reliable AB monitoring test is missing. Inadequate antibiotic treatment leads to the development of antimicrobial resistances and toxic side effects. β-lactam antibiotics were already detected in sweat of patients treated with the respective antibiotics intravenously before. With the emergence of smartphone-based biosensors to analyse sweat on the spot of need, next-generation molecular digital biomarkers will be increasingly available for a non-invasive pharmacotherapy monitoring. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated if the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is detectable in sweat samples of in-patients treated with intravenous vancomycin. METHODS Eccrine sweat samples were collected using the Macroduct Sweat Collector®. Along every sweat sample, a blood sample was taken. Bio-fluid analysis was performed by Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 5 patients were included. Results demonstrate that vancomycin was detected in 5 out of 5 sweat samples. Specifically, vancomycin concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.118 mg/L in sweat and from 4.7 to 8.5 mg/L in blood. CONCLUSION Our results serve as proof-of-concept that vancomycin is detectable in eccrine sweat and may serve as a surrogate marker for antibiotic tissue penetration. A targeted vancomycin treatment is crucial in patients with repetitive need for antibiotics and a variable antibiotic distribution such as in peripheral artery disease to optimize treatment effectiveness. If combined with on-skin smartphone-based biosensors and smartphone applications, the detection of antibiotic concentrations in sweat might enable a first digital, on-spot, lab-independent and non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in skin and soft tissue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Brasier
- CMIO Research Group, Department of Digitalization and ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mutke
- CMIO Research Group, Department of Digitalization and ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiorangelo De Ieso
- CMIO Research Group, Department of Digitalization and ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Brasier-Lutz
- Department of Gynaecology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Standort Wolhusen, Wolhusen, Switzerland
| | - Kitty Brown
- Analytical Resources Core, Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Linxing Yao
- Analytical Resources Core, Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core, Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jens Eckstein
- CMIO Research Group, Department of Digitalization and ICT, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Kaiser C, Twerenbold R, Fahrni G, Bingisser R, Khanna N, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer A, Jeger R, Kaufmann B, Pfister O, Sticherling C, Müller C, Osswald S, Zellweger MJ, Kühne M. Effect of COVID-19 on acute treatment of ST-segment elevation and Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in northwestern Switzerland. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2020; 32:100686. [PMID: 33335974 PMCID: PMC7734221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the acute treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) and Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods We retrospectively identified patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected ACS. We evaluated the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for STEMI, NSTE-ACS, and elective PCI cases. In STEMI patients, we assessed the time from chest pain onset (cpo) to ED presentation, post-infarction left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and time from ED presentation to PCI. We directly compared cases from two time intervals: January/February 2020 versus March/April 2020 (defined as 2 months before and after the COVID-19 outbreak). In a secondary analysis, we directly compared cases from March/April 2020 with patients from the same time interval in 2019. Results From January to April 2020, 765 patients presented with acute chest pain to the ED. A dramatic reduction of ED presentations after compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak (31% relative reduction) was observed. Overall, 398 PCIs were performed, 220/398 PCIs (55.3%) before versus 178/398 PCIs (44.7%) after the outbreak. While numbers for NSTE-ACS and elective interventions declined by 21% and 31%, respectively, the number of STEMI cases remained stable. Time from cpo to ED presentation, post-infarction LVEF, and median door-to-balloon time remained unchanged. Conclusions In contrast to previous reports, our findings do not confirm the dramatic drop in STEMI cases and interventions in northwestern Switzerland as observed in other regions and hospitals around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Boeddinghaus
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nestelberger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Fahrni
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Bingisser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raban Jeger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Kaufmann
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Sticherling
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Zellweger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kühne
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Leuzinger K, Roloff T, Gosert R, Sogaard K, Naegele K, Rentsch K, Bingisser R, Nickel CH, Pargger H, Bassetti S, Bielicki J, Khanna N, Tschudin Sutter S, Widmer A, Hinic V, Battegay M, Egli A, Hirsch HH. Corrigendum to: Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Emergence Amidst Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:734-735. [PMID: 33180912 PMCID: PMC7717315 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Leuzinger
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Gosert
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Sogaard
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Naegele
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Bingisser
- Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Pargger
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinic
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Vuichard-Gysin D, Sommerstein R, Martischang R, Harbarth S, Kuster SP, Senn L, Widmer A. Candida auris - recommendations on infection prevention and control measures in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2020; 150:w20297. [PMID: 32975306 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2020.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, a globally emerging pathogen, has been repeatedly introduced into European healthcare settings, leading to large and long-lasting nosocomial outbreaks. The pathogen has already been isolated in Switzerland, requiring clinicians and microbiologists to become alert. This is the first comprehensive guidance document on prevention and control of C. auris in Swiss acute care hospitals. It brings to light the most recent evidence from published original articles and reviews. We emphasise the importance of quickly identifying this yeast by means of screening in order to prevent an outbreak that could be difficult to contain. Key containment strategies include reinforcing early detection, hand hygiene, application of strict contact precautions for colonised and infected patients, and thorough specific environmental cleaning and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Hospital Group, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romain Martischang
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan P Kuster
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Senn
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Leuzinger K, Roloff T, Gosert R, Sogaard K, Naegele K, Rentsch K, Bingisser R, Nickel CH, Pargger H, Bassetti S, Bielicki J, Khanna N, Tschudin Sutter S, Widmer A, Hinic V, Battegay M, Egli A, Hirsch HH. Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Emergence Amidst Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1270-1279. [PMID: 32726441 PMCID: PMC7454752 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019 and reached Europe by late January 2020, when community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) are at their annual peak. We validated the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended SARS-CoV-2 assay and analyzed the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and CARVs. METHODS Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs (NOPS) from 7663 patients were prospectively tested by the Basel S-gene and WHO-based E-gene (Roche) assays in parallel using the Basel N-gene assay for confirmation. CARVs were prospectively tested in 2394 NOPS by multiplex nucleic acid testing, including 1816 (75%) simultaneously for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The Basel S-gene and Roche E-gene assays were concordant in 7475 cases (97.5%) including 825 (11%) SARS-CoV-2 positives. In 188 (2.5%) discordant cases, SARS-CoV-2 loads were significantly lower than in concordant positive ones and confirmed in 105 (1.4%). Adults were more frequently SARS-CoV-2 positive, whereas children tested more frequently CARV positive. CARV coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 1.8%. SARS-CoV-2 replaced CARVs within 3 weeks, reaching 48% of all detected respiratory viruses followed by rhinovirus/enterovirus (13%), influenza virus (12%), coronavirus (9%), respiratory syncytial virus (6%), and metapneumovirus (6%). CONCLUSIONS Winter CARVs were dominant during the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, impacting infection control and treatment decisions, but were rapidly replaced, suggesting competitive infection. We hypothesize that preexisting immune memory and innate immune interference contribute to the different SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology among adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Leuzinger
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Gosert
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Sogaard
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Naegele
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Bingisser
- Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Pargger
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bielicki
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin Sutter
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinic
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Mittaz Hager AG, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Rationale and protocol of the StayFitLonger study: a multicentre trial to measure efficacy and adherence of a home-based computerised multidomain intervention in healthy older adults. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:315. [PMID: 32859156 PMCID: PMC7453698 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In older adults, multidomain training that includes physical and cognitive activities has been associated with improvement of physical and cognitive health. The goal of the multisite StayFitLonger study is to assess a home-based computerised training programme, which combines physical exercises, stimulating cognitive activities and virtual coaching. Methods One hundred twenty-eight cognitively healthy older adults will be recruited from the community in Switzerland, Canada and Belgium. The study will comprise (1) a 26-week double-blind randomized controlled efficacy trial and (2) a 22-week pragmatic adherence sub-study. In the efficacy trial, participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental or an active control intervention. In the experimental intervention, participants will use the StayFitLonger programme, which is computerised on a tablet and provides content that combines physical activities with a focus on strength and balance, as well as divided attention, problem solving and memory training. Outcomes will be measured before and after 26 weeks of training. The primary efficacy outcome will be performance on the “Timed-Up & Go” test. Secondary outcomes will include measures of frailty, cognition, mood, fear of falling, quality of life, and activities of daily living. Age, sex, education, baseline cognition, expectation, and adherence will be used as moderators of efficacy. Following the 26-week efficacy trial, all participants will use the experimental programme meaning that participants in the control group will ‘cross over’ to receive the StayFitLonger programme for 22 weeks. Adherence will be measured in both groups based on dose, volume and frequency of use. In addition, participants’ perception of the programme and its functionalities will be characterised through usability, acceptability and user experience. Discussion This study will determine the efficacy, adherence and participants’ perception of a home-based multidomain intervention programme and its functionalities. This will allow for further development and possible commercialization of a scientifically validated training programme. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04237519 Registered on January 22, 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - M Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - M Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Managment, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A G Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | - S Cardin
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Boller
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - N Bier
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - L Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - N Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - S Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J F Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Brasier N, Widmer A, Osthoff M, Mutke M, De Ieso F, Brasier-Lutz P, Wolfe L, Aithal V, Broeckling CD, Prenni J, Eckstein J. Non-invasive Drug Monitoring of β-Lactam Antibiotics Using Sweat Analysis-A Pilot Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:476. [PMID: 32984371 PMCID: PMC7477313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge in treating infectious diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can optimize and personalize antibiotic treatment. Previously, antibiotic concentrations in tissues were extrapolated from skin blister studies, but sweat analyses for TDM have not been conducted. Objective: To investigate the potential of sweat analysis as a non-invasive, rapid, and potential bedside TDM method. Methods: We analyzed sweat and blood samples from 13 in-house patients treated with intravenous cefepime, imipenem, or flucloxacillin. For cefepime treatment, full pharmacokinetic sampling was performed (five subsequent sweat samples every 2 h) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT03678142. Results: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that flucloxacillin, imipenem, and cefepime are detectable in sweat. Antibiotic concentration changes over time demonstrated comparable (age-adjusted) dynamics in the blood and sweat of patients treated with cefepime. Patients treated with standard flucloxacillin dosage showed the highest mean antibiotic concentration in sweat. Conclusions: Our results provide a proof-of-concept that sweat analysis could potentially serve as a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method to measure antibiotic concentration and as a surrogate marker for tissue penetration. If combined with smart biosensors, sweat analysis may potentially serve as the first lab-independent, non-invasive antibiotic TDM method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Brasier
- CMIO Research Group, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Obwalden, Sarnen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mutke
- CMIO Research Group, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiorangelo De Ieso
- CMIO Research Group, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Brasier-Lutz
- Department of Gynaecology, Standort Wolhusen Kantonsspital Luzern, Wolhusen, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Wolfe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vikas Aithal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jens Eckstein
- CMIO Research Group, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Zingg W, Metsini A, Balmelli C, Neofytos D, Behnke M, Gardiol C, Widmer A, Pittet D, On Behalf Of The Swissnoso Network. National point prevalence survey on healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals, Switzerland, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31411135 PMCID: PMC6693290 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.32.1800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background As a part of the national strategy on the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), a point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted in acute care hospitals in Switzerland. Aim Our objective was to assess the burden of HAI in Swiss acute care hospitals. Methods All acute care hospitals were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey during the second quarter of 2017. The protocol by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was applied. Patients of all ages, hospitalised on the day of survey were included, except when admitted to outpatient clinics, emergency and psychiatry. Results Ninety-six acute care hospitals (79% of all hospitals ≥ 100 beds) provided data on 12,931 patients. Pooled and randomised HAI prevalences were 5.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–6.3) and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.8–6.0), respectively. The HAI incidence was estimated at 4.5 (95% CI: 4.0–5.0). The most common type of HAI was surgical site infection (29.0%), followed by lower respiratory tract (18.2%), urinary tract (14.9%) and bloodstream (12.8%) infections. The highest prevalence was identified in intensive care (20.6%), in large hospitals > 650 beds (7.8%), among elderly patients (7.4%), male patients (7.2%) and patients with an ultimately (9.3%) or rapidly (10.6%) fatal McCabe score. Discussion This is the first national PPS of Switzerland allowing direct comparison with other European countries. The HAI prevalence was at European Union average (5.9% in 2016 and 2017), but higher than in some countries neighbouring Switzerland. Based on the limited information from previous surveys, HAI appear not to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Zingg
- These authors contributed equally.,Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Metsini
- These authors contributed equally.,Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Infection Control Programme, Cantonal Hospital Authority, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Behnke
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Céline Gardiol
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Tartari E, Hopman J, Allegranzi B, Gao B, Widmer A, Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Marimuthu K, Ogunsola F, Voss A. Perceived challenges of COVID-19 infection prevention and control preparedness: A multinational survey. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:779-781. [PMID: 32659504 PMCID: PMC7351656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Tartari
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Joost Hopman
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Allegranzi
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Infection Prevention and Control Technical and Clinical Hub, Department of Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bin Gao
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk Ching Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kalisvar Marimuthu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Folasade Ogunsola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Infection Control Africa Network, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andreas Voss
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; REshape Center for Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Sommerstein R, Fux CA, Vuichard-Gysin D, Abbas M, Marschall J, Balmelli C, Troillet N, Harbarth S, Schlegel M, Widmer A. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:100. [PMID: 32631450 PMCID: PMC7336106 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. METHODS Literature review and expert opinion. SHORT CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing COVID-19, is considered to be transmitted via droplets rather than aerosols, but droplets with strong directional airflow support may spread further than 2 m. High rates of COVID-19 infections in healthcare-workers (HCWs) have been reported from several countries. Respirators such as filtering face piece (FFP) 2 masks were designed to protect HCWs, while surgical masks were originally intended to protect patients (e.g., during surgery). Nevertheless, high quality standard surgical masks (type II/IIR according to European Norm EN 14683) appear to be as effective as FFP2 masks in preventing droplet-associated viral infections of HCWs as reported from influenza or SARS. So far, no head-to-head trials with these masks have been published for COVID-19. Neither mask type completely prevents transmission, which may be due to inappropriate handling and alternative transmission pathways. Therefore, compliance with a bundle of infection control measures including thorough hand hygiene is key. During high-risk procedures, both droplets and aerosols may be produced, reason why respirators are indicated for these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Infectious, Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Andreas Fux
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Aarau Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Cantonal Hospital, Thurgau, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Infection Control Programme and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious, Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Infection Control Programme, EOC Hospitals, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Infection Control Programme and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schlegel
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Sommerstein R, Fux CA, Vuichard-Gysin D, Abbas M, Marschall J, Balmelli C, Troillet N, Harbarth S, Schlegel M, Widmer A. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020. [PMID: 32631450 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00763-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. METHODS Literature review and expert opinion. SHORT CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing COVID-19, is considered to be transmitted via droplets rather than aerosols, but droplets with strong directional airflow support may spread further than 2 m. High rates of COVID-19 infections in healthcare-workers (HCWs) have been reported from several countries. Respirators such as filtering face piece (FFP) 2 masks were designed to protect HCWs, while surgical masks were originally intended to protect patients (e.g., during surgery). Nevertheless, high quality standard surgical masks (type II/IIR according to European Norm EN 14683) appear to be as effective as FFP2 masks in preventing droplet-associated viral infections of HCWs as reported from influenza or SARS. So far, no head-to-head trials with these masks have been published for COVID-19. Neither mask type completely prevents transmission, which may be due to inappropriate handling and alternative transmission pathways. Therefore, compliance with a bundle of infection control measures including thorough hand hygiene is key. During high-risk procedures, both droplets and aerosols may be produced, reason why respirators are indicated for these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Infectious, Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Andreas Fux
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Aarau Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Thurgau Cantonal Hospital, Thurgau, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Infection Control Programme and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious, Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Infection Control Programme, EOC Hospitals, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Infection Control Programme and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schlegel
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Swissnoso, the National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Zingg S, Nicoletti GJ, Kuster S, Junker M, Widmer A, Egli A, Hinic V, Sendi P, Battegay M, Bättig V, Khanna N, Tschudin-Sutter S. Cefiderocol for Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: Real-world Experience From a Case Series and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa185. [PMID: 32548207 PMCID: PMC7284008 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cefiderocol is a new siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Data on its clinical efficacy are limited to complicated urinary tract infections. We present a series of 3 patients successfully treated with cefiderocol for complicated health care–associated infections and review published case reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zingg
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Jacopo Nicoletti
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Kuster
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milena Junker
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinic
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Bättig
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Tartari E, Saris K, Kenters N, Marimuthu K, Widmer A, Collignon P, Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Gottlieb T, Tambyah PA, Perencevich E, Allegranzi B, Dramowski A, Edmond MB, Voss A. Not sick enough to worry? "Influenza-like" symptoms and work-related behavior among healthcare workers and other professionals: Results of a global survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232168. [PMID: 32401751 PMCID: PMC7219706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs may contribute to the transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) to colleagues and susceptible patients by working while sick (presenteeism). The present study aimed to explore the views and behavior of HCWs and non-HCWs towards the phenomenon of working while experiencing ILI. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional online survey conducted between October 2018 and January 2019 to explore sickness presenteeism and the behaviour of HCWs and non-HCWs when experiencing ILI. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the members and international networks of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Working Group, as well as via social media platforms, including LinkedIn, Twitter and IPC Blog. RESULTS In total, 533 respondents from 49 countries participated (Europe 69.2%, Asia-Pacific 19.1%, the Americas 10.9%, and Africa 0.8%) representing 249 HCWs (46.7%) and 284 non-HCWs (53.2%). Overall, 312 (58.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 56.2-64.6) would continue to work when sick with ILI, with no variation between the two categories. Sixty-seven (26.9%) HCWs and forty-six (16.2%) non-HCWs would work with fever alone (p<0 .01) Most HCWs (89.2-99.2%) and non-HCWs (80%-96.5%) would work with "minor" ILI symptoms, such as sore throat, sinus cold, fatigue, sneezing, runny nose, mild cough and reduced appetite. CONCLUSION A future strategy to successfully prevent the transmission of ILI in healthcare settings should address sick-leave policy management, in addition to encouraging the uptake of influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Tartari
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Katja Saris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- REshape Center for Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Kenters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kalisvar Marimuthu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Widmer
- University of Basel Hospitals and Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Collignon
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vincent C. C. Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuk C. Wong
- Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A. Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eli Perencevich
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States of Amrerica
| | - Benedetta Allegranzi
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Infection Prevention and Control Technical and Clinical Hub, Department of Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Dramowski
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael B. Edmond
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- REshape Center for Innovation, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Füri J, Widmer A, Bornand D, Berger C, Huttner B, Bielicki JA. The potential negative impact of antibiotic pack on antibiotic stewardship in primary care in Switzerland: a modelling study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:60. [PMID: 32384939 PMCID: PMC7206713 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Switzerland, oral antibiotics are dispensed in packs rather than by exact pill-count. We investigated whether available packs support compliance with recommended primary care treatment regimens for common infections in children and adults. METHODS Hospital-based guidelines for oral community -based treatment of acute otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia and afebrile urinary tract infection were identified in 2017 in an iterative process by contacting hospital pharmacists and infectious diseases specialists. Furthermore, newly available national guidelines published in 2019 were reviewed. Available pack sizes for recommended solid, dispersible and liquid antibiotic formulations were retrieved from the Swiss pharmaceutical register and compared with recommended regimens to determine optimal (no leftovers) and adequate (optimal +/- one dose) matches. RESULTS A large variety of recommended regimens were identified. For adults, optimal and adequate packs were available for 25/70 (36%) and 8/70 (11%) regimens, respectively. Pack-regimen matching was better for WHO Watch (optimal: 15/24, 63%) than Access antibiotics (optimal: 7/39, 18%). For the four paediatric weight-examples and 42 regimens involving child-appropriate formulations, optimal and adequate packs were available for only 14/168 (8%) and 27/168 (16%), respectively. Matching was better for older children with higher body and for longer treatment courses > 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Fixed antibiotic packs often do not match recommended treatment regimens, especially for children, potentially resulting in longer than necessary treatments and leftover doses in the community. As part of national stewardship, a move to an exact pill-count system, including for child-appropriate solid formulations, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Füri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Paediatric Pharmacology Group, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- SwissNoso, National Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Delia Bornand
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Huttner
- Infection Control Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Anna Bielicki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Paediatric Pharmacology Group, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
- SwissNoso, National Centre for Infection Prevention, Bern, Switzerland.
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Scire J, Nadeau S, Vaughan T, Brupbacher G, Fuchs S, Sommer J, Koch KN, Misteli R, Mundorff L, Götz T, Eichenberger T, Quinto C, Savic M, Meienberg A, Burkard T, Mayr M, Meier CA, Widmer A, Kuehl R, Egli A, Hirsch HH, Bassetti S, Nickel CH, Rentsch KS, Kübler W, Bingisser R, Battegay M, Tschudin-Sutter S, Stadler T. Reproductive number of the COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland with a focus on the Cantons of Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft. Swiss Med Wkly 2020; 150:w20271. [PMID: 32365217 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2020.20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive number in Switzerland was between 1.5 and 2 during the first third of March, and has consistently decreased to around 1. After the announcement of the latest strict measure on 20 March 2020, namely that gatherings of more than five people in public spaces are prohibited, the reproductive number dropped significantly below 1; the authors of this study estimate the reproductive number to be between 0.6 and 0.8 in the first third of April.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Scire
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nadeau
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Vaughan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gavin Brupbacher
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Fuchs
- Department of Health, Canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Sommer
- Cantonal Office of Public Health, Economics and Health Directorate, Canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Katrin N Koch
- Cantonal Office of Public Health, Economics and Health Directorate, Canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland
| | - Reto Misteli
- Canton Basel-Land Medical Association, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Götz
- Canton Basel-Land Medical Association, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlos Quinto
- Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public Health Institut, Universität Basel, Switzerland / Universitäres Zentrum für Hausarztmedizin beider Basel, Universität Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miodrag Savic
- Cantonal Office of Public Health, Economics and Health Directorate, Canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland / Department of Surgery, Clinic of Oral- and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans H Hirsch
- University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina S Rentsch
- University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manuel Battegay
- University Hospital Basel, Switzerland / University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanja Stadler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Seth-Smith HMB, Casanova C, Sommerstein R, Meinel DM, Abdelbary MMH, Blanc DS, Droz S, Führer U, Lienhard R, Lang C, Dubuis O, Schlegel M, Widmer A, Keller PM, Marschall J, Egli A. Phenotypic and Genomic Analyses of Burkholderia stabilis Clinical Contamination, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1084-1092. [PMID: 31107229 PMCID: PMC6537712 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.172119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent hospital outbreak related to premoistened gloves used to wash patients exposed the difficulties of defining Burkholderia species in clinical settings. The outbreak strain displayed key B. stabilis phenotypes, including the inability to grow at 42°C; we used whole-genome sequencing to confirm the pathogen was B. stabilis. The outbreak strain genome comprises 3 chromosomes and a plasmid, sharing an average nucleotide identity of 98.4% with B. stabilis ATCC27515 BAA-67, but with 13% novel coding sequences. The genome lacks identifiable virulence factors and has no apparent increase in encoded antimicrobial drug resistance, few insertion sequences, and few pseudogenes, suggesting this outbreak was an opportunistic infection by an environmental strain not adapted to human pathogenicity. The diversity among outbreak isolates (22 from patients and 16 from washing gloves) is only 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, although the genome remains plastic, with large elements stochastically lost from outbreak isolates.
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33
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Atkinson A, Troillet N, Widmer A, Eisenring MC, Kuster S, Zwahlen M, Marschall J. 1233. Surveillance Quality Correlates with SSI Rates in Prosthetic Hip and Knee Surgery: A Call to Action to Adjust Reporting of SSI rates. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809014 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion Disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Widmer
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
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34
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Kenters N, Kiernan M, Chowdhary A, Denning DW, Pemán J, Saris K, Schelenz S, Tartari E, Widmer A, Meis JF, Voss A. Control of Candida auris in healthcare institutions: Outcome of an International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy expert meeting. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:400-406. [PMID: 31419480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging fungal pathogen causing invasive infections and outbreaks that have been difficult to control in healthcare facilities worldwide. There is a lack of current evidence for pragmatic infection prevention and control recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of C. auris and identify best practices with a panel of experts, in order to provide guidance and recommendations for infection prevention and control measures based on available scientific evidence, existing guidelines and expert opinion. The Infection Prevention and Control working group of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy organised an expert meeting with infection prevention and mycology experts to review recommendations for healthcare workers on infection prevention and control measures for C. auris at inpatient healthcare facilities. The most common interventions included: screening, standard precautions, cleaning and disinfection, inpatient transfer, outbreak management, decolonisation, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Kenters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Martin Kiernan
- Richard Wells Research Centre, University of West London, UK
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - David W Denning
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and National Aspergillosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Javier Pemán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katja Saris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Reshape, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ermira Tartari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Andreas Widmer
- University of Basel Hospitals & Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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35
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Zingg W, Metsini A, Gardiol C, Balmelli C, Behnke M, Troillet N, Widmer A, Pittet D. Antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals: national point prevalence survey on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use, Switzerland, 2017. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1900015. [PMID: 31431211 PMCID: PMC6702796 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.33.1900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA point prevalence survey (PPS) on healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use was conducted in Swiss acute care hospitals in 2017.AimOur objective was to assess antimicrobial use in Swiss acute care hospitals.MethodsAll patients hospitalised in any acute care hospital in Switzerland were eligible. We used the most recent version of the PPS protocol of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.ResultsData from 12,931 patients of 96 hospitals were collected. Of these, 4,265 (33%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 32.2-33.8) were on 5,354 antimicrobials for 4,487 indications. Most of the 2,808 therapeutic indications addressed 1,886 community-acquired infections (67.2%; 95% CI: 65.4-68.9). Of the 1,176 surgical prophylaxes, 350 (29.8%; 95% CI: 27.1-32.4) exceeded the duration of 1 day. Of the 1,090 antimicrobial regimens that were changed, 309 (28.3%; 95% CI: 25.7-31.0) were escalated and 337 (30.9%; 95% CI: 28.2-33.7) were de-escalated. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was the most frequent antimicrobial (18.8%; 95% CI: 17.7-19.8), prescribed mainly for therapeutic indications (76.0%; 95% CI: 73.3-78.7). A total of 1,931 (37.4%; 95% CI: 36.1-38.8) of the 5,158 antimicrobials for systemic use were broad-spectrum antibiotics, most frequently third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (35.9%; 95% CI: 33.8-38.1).ConclusionsAntimicrobial consumption was at European average, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the lower third. Swiss acute care hospitals should invest in antimicrobial stewardship, particularly in reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Zingg
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aliki Metsini
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Gardiol
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- Infection Control Programme, Cantonal Hospital Authority, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Michael Behnke
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Troillet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Huang DJ, Hösli I, Tschudin-Sutter S, Pfister T, Granado C, Müller-Borer D, Schötzau A, Frei R, Dangel M, Huhn EA, Widmer A, Vuichard-Gysin D. Vaginal-perineal cultures for detecting group B streptococci and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 241:24-29. [PMID: 31437621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the detection rates of vaginal-perineal cultures for group B streptococci (GBS) with the standard vaginal and rectal cultures and evaluate the diagnostic yield of vaginal-perineal vs. rectal swabs for extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) during the third trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Vagino-perineal and rectal swabs were collected cross-sectionally from pregnant women between 35-37 weeks gestation and tested for the presence of GBS and ESBL-E. Accuracy of the vagino-perineal swab was compared to the combined vagino-perineal/rectal swab. Risk factors for ESBL carriage were examined. Degrees of pain, discomfort and stress related to the rectal swab were analyzed on visual analogue scales. RESULTS 48 out of 250 participants (19.2%) were GBS positive. The vagino-perineal swab was positive in 44 of 48 women (91.7%) yielding a negative predictive value of 98.1%. Agreement (kappa) between the two methods was 0.95. Six out of 190 women with additional ESBL-E screening (3.2%) tested positive by rectal swab. Of these, only two had also a positive vagino-perineal swab. The rectal swab caused overall little subjective discomfort, pain or stress, as indicated by low scores indicated on the visual scales. CONCLUSIONS The GBS detection rate of the vagino-perineal swab was lower compared to the reference standard. However, agreement between the two screening methods was high and there were no cases of GBS neonatal sepsis in the recruited population, supporting this less invasive screening strategy. In contrast, the vaginal-perineal swab was inferior to the rectal swab for detecting ESBL-E, indicating that this less invasive method for detecting antibiotic resistant bacteria that may be potentially transferred to the neonate during labor and delivery would be inappropriate for ESBL-E screening in pregnant women. The low ESBL-E carriage rate among pregnant women likely reflects the prevalence in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Irene Hösli
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Pfister
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Granado
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Müller-Borer
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schötzau
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reno Frei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Dangel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn A Huhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vuichard-Gysin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Seth-Smith HM, Casanova C, Sommerstein R, Meinel DM, Abdelbary MM, Blanc DS, Droz S, Führer U, Lienhard R, Lang C, Dubuis O, Schlegel M, Widmer A, Keller PM, Marschall J, Egli A. Phenotypic and Genomic Analyses of Burkholderia stabilisClinical Contamination, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.172119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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38
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Zingg W, Park BJ, Storr J, Ahmad R, Tarrant C, Castro-Sanchez E, Perencevich E, Widmer A, Krause KH, Kilpatrick C, Tomczyk S, Allegranzi B, Cardo D, Pittet D. Technology for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections; 2017 Geneva IPC-Think Tank (Part 2). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:83. [PMID: 31139366 PMCID: PMC6530187 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is partially due to excessive antimicrobial use both in human and animal medicine worldwide. How can technology help to overcome challenges in infection prevention and control (IPC) and to prevent HAI and emerging AMR? Methods In June 2017, 42 international experts convened in Geneva, Switzerland to discuss four potential domains of technology in IPC and AMR: 1) role and potential contribution of microbiome research; 2) whole genome sequencing; 3) effectiveness and benefit of antimicrobial environmental surfaces; and 4) future research in hand hygiene. Results Research on the microbiome could expand understanding of antimicrobial use and also the role of probiotics or even faecal transplantation for therapeutic purposes. Whole genome sequencing will provide new insights in modes of transmission of infectious diseases. Although it is a powerful tool for public health epidemiology, some challenges with interpretation and costs still need to be addressed. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antimicrobially coated or treated environmental high-touch surfaces requires further research before they can be recommended for routine use. Hand hygiene implementation can be advanced, where technological enhancement of surveillance, technique and compliance are coupled with reminders for healthcare professionals. Conclusions The four domains of technological innovation contribute to the prevention of HAI and AMR at different levels. Microbiome research may offer innovative concepts for future prevention, whole genome sequencing could detect new modes of transmission and become an additional tool for effective public health epidemiology, antimicrobial surfaces might help to decrease the environment as source of transmission but continue to raise more questions than answers, and technological innovation may have a role in improving surveillance approaches and supporting best practice in hand hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Zingg
- Infection control programme and WHO collaborating center, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Park
- 2US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Julie Storr
- 3Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raheelah Ahmad
- 4National Institute for Health Research in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Tarrant
- 5Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Enrique Castro-Sanchez
- 4National Institute for Health Research in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eli Perencevich
- 6Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Andreas Widmer
- 7Infection Control Programme, University Hospitals of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- 8Institute of Genetics and Genomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire Kilpatrick
- 3Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Tomczyk
- 3Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Allegranzi
- 3Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denise Cardo
- 2US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection control programme and WHO collaborating center, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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39
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Deodhar A, Mease PJ, McInnes IB, Baraliakos X, Reich K, Blauvelt A, Leonardi C, Porter B, Das Gupta A, Widmer A, Pricop L, Fox T. Long-term safety of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: integrated pooled clinical trial and post-marketing surveillance data. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:111. [PMID: 31046809 PMCID: PMC6498580 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab, a fully human immunoglobulin G1-kappa monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits interleukin (IL)-17A, has been shown to have robust efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) demonstrating a rapid onset of action and sustained long-term clinical responses with a consistently favorable safety profile in multiple Phase 2 and 3 trials. Here, we report longer-term pooled safety and tolerability data for secukinumab across three indications (up to 5 years of treatment in PsO and PsA; up to 4 years in AS). METHODS The integrated clinical trial safety dataset included data pooled from 21 randomized controlled clinical trials of secukinumab 300 or 150 or 75 mg in PsO (14 Phase 3 trials and 1 Phase 4 trial), PsA (3 Phase 3 trials), and AS (3 Phase 3 trials), along with post-marketing safety surveillance data with a cut-off date of June 25, 2017. Adverse events (AEs) were reported as exposure-adjusted incident rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient-years. Analyses included all patients who received ≥ 1 dose of secukinumab. RESULTS A total of 5181, 1380, and 794 patients from PsO, PsA, and AS clinical trials representing secukinumab exposures of 10,416.9, 3866.9, and 1943.1 patient-years, respectively, and post-marketing data from patients with a cumulative exposure to secukinumab of ~ 96,054 patient-years were included in the analysis. The most frequent AE was upper respiratory tract infection. EAIRs across PsO, PsA, and AS indications were generally low for serious infections (1.4, 1.9, and 1.2, respectively), Candida infections (2.2, 1.5, and 0.7, respectively), inflammatory bowel disease (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1, respectively), and major adverse cardiac events (0.3, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). No cases of tuberculosis reactivation were reported. The incidence of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies was low with secukinumab across all studies, with no discernible loss of efficacy, unexpected alterations in pharmacokinetics, or association with immunogenicity-related AEs. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile over long-term treatment in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS. This comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the safety profile of secukinumab was consistent with previous reports in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS, supporting its long-term use in these chronic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/methods
- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic/methods
- Humans
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/methods
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/trends
- Psoriasis/diagnosis
- Psoriasis/drug therapy
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Deodhar
- Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases (OP-09), Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098 USA
| | - P. J. Mease
- Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - X. Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K. Reich
- Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Skinflammation® Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Dermatologikum Berlin, Berlinermatologikum Berlin and SCIderm Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, Portland, USA
| | - C. Leonardi
- Saint Louis University Health Science Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - B. Porter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - A. Das Gupta
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Widmer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Pricop
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - T. Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Martischang R, Buetti N, Balmelli C, Saam M, Widmer A, Harbarth S. Nation-wide survey of screening practices to detect carriers of multi-drug resistant organisms upon admission to Swiss healthcare institutions. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:37. [PMID: 30809380 PMCID: PMC6375162 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) requires a standardized preventive approach, we aimed to evaluate current MDRO admission screening practices in Swiss hospitals and to identify potential barriers impeding their implementation. In early 2018, all Swiss public and private healthcare institutions providing inpatient care were contacted with a 34-item questionnaire to investigate current MDRO admission screening policies. Among 139 respondents representing 180 institutions (response rate, 79%), 83% (149) of institutions implemented MDRO admission screening, while 28% of private and 9% of public institutions did not perform any screening. Targeted high-risk screening included carbapenemase producers, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the institutional level for respectively 78% (115), 81% (118) and 98% (145) of screening institutions. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (44% of institutions), multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (41%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37%) were systematically searched only by a minority of screening institutions. A large diversity of risk factors for targeted screening and some heterogeneity in body sites screened were also observed. Admission-screening practices were mostly impeded by a difficulty to identify high-risk patients (44%) and non-compliance of healthcare workers (35%). Heterogeneous practices and gaps in small and privately-owned institutions, as well as a mismatch between current epidemiologic MDRO trends and screening practices were noticed. These results highlight the need for uniform national MDRO screening standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Martischang
- 1Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Niccolo Buetti
- 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Balmelli
- 3Servizio di Prevenzione Delle Infezioni e Medicina del Personale, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Saam
- Communication in Science, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- 5Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- 1Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Buetti N, Wassilew N, Rion V, Senn L, Gardiol C, Widmer A, Marschall J. Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Switzerland: a nation-wide survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:16. [PMID: 30675343 PMCID: PMC6337856 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This nation-wide survey on the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) included 142 healthcare institutions and showed an increasing number of VRE colonizations and infections in Switzerland, probably for the most part due to nosocomial dissemination. The introduction and spread of a new clone, gaps in VRE screening policies as well as heterogeneity regarding the management of VRE clusters may be possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Buetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Swissnoso, National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland.,3UMR 1137 - IAME Team 5 - DeSCID: Decision SCiences in Infectious Diseases, control and care Inserm, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nasstasja Wassilew
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viktorija Rion
- Swissnoso, National Center for Infection Control, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Senn
- 4Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Gardiol
- 5Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Buetti N, Atkinson A, Troillet N, Eisenring MC, Zwahlen M, Kuster SP, Widmer A, Marschall J. 2137. Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Joint Replacement Surgery: Data from the Swiss National Surveillance System. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018. [PMCID: PMC6253102 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infrequently observed after joint replacement surgery but have devastating consequences. Since 2009, a large network of Swiss hospitals prospectively collects data for the national SSI surveillance system. The aim of this observational study was to identify risk factors for SSI among patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplastic procedures. Methods Risk factors for SSI were identified using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression, appropriately adjusted for hospital level correlation effects among the 173 participating hospitals. We included procedural characteristics and risk categories in our analysis. Results We analyzed a total of 113,495 joint replacement procedures that occurred between June 2009 and September 2017. A 12-month follow-up was completed in 92.5% of cases. Overall, the cumulative SSI rate was 1.3% (n = 1,458), varying from 1.1% for knee to 1.4% for hip arthroplasty. Repeat surgery (unplanned or planned), higher ASA level, and longer than anticipated procedural time were associated with a significantly increased risk of infection (figure). Ninety-one percent of all SSIs (1,328) were detected in the post-discharge follow-up. Risk factors for pre-discharge SSIs were very similar to those mentioned above. Fifty-six percent of SSIs were observed within 30 days, 27% from 30 to 90 days after incision and 17% were observed >90 days after the procedure. Conclusion The SSI incidence after joint replacement surgery was low, with no significant difference between knee and hip surgery. Almost all SSIs occurred post-discharge, with risk factors being broadly the same, independent of when the infection occurred. Limiting the follow-up period to 90 days would have resulted in missing 17% of SSIs, which argues in favor of extended follow-up. Disclosures A. Widmer, Swiss national science foundation: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Buetti
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marcel Zwahlen
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan P Kuster
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Marschall
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tartari E, Weterings V, Gastmeier P, Rodríguez Baño J, Widmer A, Kluytmans J, Voss A. Patient engagement with surgical site infection prevention: an expert panel perspective. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:45. [PMID: 28507731 PMCID: PMC5427557 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable developments in the use of surgical techniques, ergonomic advancements in the operating room, and implementation of bundles, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a substantial burden, associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. National and international recommendations to prevent SSIs have been published, including recent guidelines by the World Health Organization, but implementation into clinical practice remains an unresolved issue. SSI improvement programs require an integrative approach with measures taken during the pre-, intra- and postoperative care from the numerous stakeholders involved. The current SSI prevention strategies have focused mainly on the role of healthcare workers (HCWs) and procedure related risk factors. The importance and influence of patient participation is becoming an increasingly important concept and advocated as a means to improve patient safety. Novel interventions supporting an active participative role within SSI prevention programs have not been assessed. Empowering patients with information they require to engage in the process of SSI prevention could play a major role for the implementation of recommendations. Based on available scientific evidence, a panel of experts evaluated options for patient involvement in order to provide pragmatic recommendations for pre-, intra- and postoperative activities for the prevention of SSIs. Recommendations were based on existing guidelines and expert opinion. As a result, 9 recommendations for the surgical patient are presented here, including a practice brief in the form of a patient information leaflet. HCWs can use this information to educate patients and allow patient engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tartari
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Weterings
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Gastmeier
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charite ´ University Medicine in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Rodríguez Baño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Widmer
- University Hospital and University of Basel, Division of infectious diseases & hospital epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zurfluh K, Stephan R, Widmer A, Poirel L, Nordmann P, Nüesch HJ, Hächler H, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Screening for fecal carriage of MCR-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy humans and primary care patients. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:28. [PMID: 28316780 PMCID: PMC5351167 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extent of the occurrence of the plasmid-encoded colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 among humans is currently sparsely studied in Western Europe. Objectives To determine the occurrence of MCR-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples of healthy humans with high occupational exposure to food and primary care patients in Switzerland. Methods Stool samples from 1091 healthy individuals and fecal swabs from 53 primary care patients were screened for polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae using LB agar containing 4 mg/L colistin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin were determined for non-intrinsic colistin-resistant isolates. Isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes. Results The fecal carriage rate of colistin resistant (MIC value >2 mg/l) Enterobacteriaceae was 1.5% for healthy people and 3.8% for primary care patients. Isolates included Hafnia alvei (n = 9), Escherichia coli (n = 3), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1). None of the isolates harbored the mcr-1 or mcr-2 genes. Conclusions There is no evidence for the presence of MCR-producers in the fecal flora of healthy people or primary care patients. Therefore, the risk of transfer of mcr genes from animals, food or the environment to humans is likely to be low in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jakob Nüesch
- Practice for General Medicine, Birchstrasse 2, 8472 Seuzach, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Hächler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Scheithauer S, Batzer B, Dangel M, Passweg J, Widmer A. Workload even affects hand hygiene in a highly trained and well-staffed setting: a prospective 365/7/24 observational study. J Hosp Infect 2017; 97:11-16. [PMID: 28389091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) has often not proved satisfactory; high workload is a commonly self-reported reason. Previous studies comparing workload and compliance have not measured workload precisely and have focused on certain times of day. This study aimed to investigate the association between HH compliance and workload, both electronically defined 365/7/24 (primary endpoint). In addition, the quality of commonly used compliance defining methods (hand disinfectant usage, direct observation) was investigated (secondary endpoint). MATERIALS AND METHODS Correlation of electronically measured HH compliance (hand-rub activities (HRA)/HH opportunities) with electronically determined workload (nursing time output/nursing time input) was undertaken over one year at a stem cell transplant unit at University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. HRA and procedures requiring HRA according to the five World Health Organization indications were recorded continuously (365/7/24) using electronic dispensers and electronic documentation, and compliance was calculated accordingly. Hand disinfectant usage was calculated using spending records for one year; direct observation was performed for approximately 1800 HH opportunities. RESULTS During the investigation, 208,184 HRA, translating into 57 [standard deviation (SD) 10] HRA/patient-day (PD), were performed. Electronically determined compliance ranged from 24% to 66% [mean 42.39% (SD 8%)]. The higher the workload, the lower the compliance (R=-0.411; P<0.001). HRA/PD (r=-0.037), hand disinfectant usage (mean 160mL/PD) and observed compliance (95%; 1734 HRA/1813 HH opportunities) were not found to be associated with workload. CONCLUSION Calculated compliance was inversely associated with nurses' workload. HRA/PD, observer-determined compliance and amount of disinfectant dispensed were used as surrogates for compliance, but did not correlate with actual compliance and thus should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scheithauer
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Goettingen, University Goettingen, Germany; Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - B Batzer
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Dangel
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Passweg
- Clinic for Haematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Rellstab C, Fischer MC, Zoller S, Graf R, Tedder A, Shimizu KK, Widmer A, Holderegger R, Gugerli F. Local adaptation (mostly) remains local: reassessing environmental associations of climate-related candidate SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:193-201. [PMID: 27703154 PMCID: PMC5234484 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous landscape genomic studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes potentially involved in local adaptation. Rarely, it has been explicitly evaluated whether these environmental associations also hold true beyond the populations studied. We tested whether putatively adaptive SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae), characterized in a previous study investigating local adaptation to a highly heterogeneous environment, show the same environmental associations in an independent, geographically enlarged set of 18 populations. We analysed new SNP data of 444 plants with the same methodology (partial Mantel tests, PMTs) as in the original study and additionally with a latent factor mixed model (LFMM) approach. Of the 74 candidate SNPs, 41% (PMTs) and 51% (LFMM) were associated with environmental factors in the independent data set. However, only 5% (PMTs) and 15% (LFMM) of the associations showed the same environment-allele relationships as in the original study. In total, we found 11 genes (31%) containing the same association in the original and independent data set. These can be considered prime candidate genes for environmental adaptation at a broader geographical scale. Our results suggest that selection pressures in highly heterogeneous alpine environments vary locally and signatures of selection are likely to be population-specific. Thus, genotype-by-environment interactions underlying adaptation are more heterogeneous and complex than is often assumed, which might represent a problem when testing for adaptation at specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rellstab
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M C Fischer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Zoller
- ETH Zürich, Genetic Diversity Centre, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Tedder
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K K Shimizu
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Holderegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gugerli
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Hemkens LG, Saccilotto R, Reyes SL, Glinz D, Zumbrunn T, Grolimund O, Gloy V, Raatz H, Widmer A, Zeller A, Bucher HC. Personalized Prescription Feedback Using Routinely Collected Data to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177:176-183. [PMID: 28027333 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Feedback interventions using routinely collected health data might reduce antibiotic use nationwide without requiring the substantial resources and structural efforts of other antibiotic stewardship programs. OBJECTIVE To determine if quarterly antibiotic prescription feedback over 2 years reduces antibiotic use when implemented in a complex health care system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pragmatic randomized trial using routinely collected claims data on 2900 primary care physicians with the highest antibiotic prescription rates in Switzerland. INTERVENTIONS Physicians were randomized to quarterly updated personalized antibiotic prescription feedback over 2 years (n = 1450) or usual care (n = 1450). Feedback was provided both by mail and online from October 2013 to October 2015 and was supported by an initial 1-time provision of evidence-based guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the prescribed defined daily doses (DDD) of any antibiotic to any patient per 100 consultations in the first year analyzed by intention-to-treat. We further analyzed prescriptions of specific antibiotics, age groups, and sex for the first and second year to investigate persistency of effects over time. RESULTS The 2900 physicians had 10 660 124 consultations over 2 years of follow-up, prescribed 1 175 780 packages of antibiotics with 10 290 182 DDD. Physicians receiving feedback prescribed the same amount of antibiotics to all patients in the first year (between-group difference, 0.81%; 95% CI, -2.56% to 4.30%; P = .64) and second year (between-group difference, -1.73%; 95% CI, -5.07% to 1.72%; P = .32) compared with the control group. Prescribing to children aged 6 to 18 years was -8.61% lower in the feedback than in the control group in the first year (95% CI, -14.87% to -1.90%; P = .01). This difference diminished in the second year (between-group difference, -4.10%; 95% CI, -10.78% to 3.07%; P = .25). Physicians receiving feedback prescribed fewer antibiotics to adults aged 19 to 65 years in the second year (between-group difference, -4.59%; 95% CI, -7.91% to -1.16%; P < .01). Prescribing to other patient groups or of specific antibiotic types was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This nationwide antibiotic stewardship program with routine feedback on antibiotic prescribing was not associated with a change of antibiotic use. In older children, adolescents, and younger adults less antibiotics were prescribed, but not consistently over the entire intervention period. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01773824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hemkens
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Saccilotto
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selene Leon Reyes
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Glinz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zumbrunn
- Clinical Trial Unit, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Viktoria Gloy
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Raatz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Centre for Primary Health Care, University of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heiner C Bucher
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Health care is at a critical stage: doctors and patients, the central protagonists in this field, are less and less satisfied with the outcomes. Much of the debate about health care has focused on the choice between large public or corporate solutions. This creates a false dichotomy and wrongheaded solution. As we evaluate proposed healthcare solutions, we ought to apply the frameworks of Catholic Social Doctrine. We can have a medical system that both meets financial objectives and makes a radical commitment to the person.
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Hemkens LG, Saccilotto R, Reyes SL, Glinz D, Zumbrunn T, Grolimund O, Gloy V, Raatz H, Widmer A, Zeller A, Bucher HC. Personalized prescription feedback to reduce antibiotic overuse in primary care: rationale and design of a nationwide pragmatic randomized trial. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:421. [PMID: 27530528 PMCID: PMC4988000 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious worldwide public health problem and is associated with antibiotic overuses. Whether personalized prescription feedback to high antibiotic prescribers using routinely collected data can lower antibiotic use in the long run is unknown. Methods We describe the design and rationale of a nationwide pragmatic randomized controlled trial enrolling 2900 primary care physicians in Switzerland with high antibiotic prescription rates based on national reimbursement claims data. About 1450 physicians receive quarterly postal and online antibiotic prescription feedback over 24 months allowing a comparison of the individual prescription rates with peers. Initially, they also receive evidence based treatment guidelines. The 1450 physicians in the control group receive no information. The primary outcome is the amount of antibiotics prescribed over a one year-period, measured as defined daily doses per 100 consultations. Other outcomes include the amount of antibiotics prescribed to specific age groups (<6, 6 to 18, 19 to 65, >65 years), to male and female patients, in addition to prescriptions of specific antibiotic groups. Further analyses address disease-specific quality indicators for outpatient antibiotic prescriptions, the acceptance of the intervention, and the impact on costs. Discussion This trial investigates whether continuous personalized prescription feedback on a health system level using routinely collected health data reduces antibiotic overuse. The feasibility and applicability of a web-based interface for communication with primary care physicians is further assessed. Trial registration ClinTrials.gov NCT01773824 (Date registered: August 24, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Hemkens
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Saccilotto
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selene L Reyes
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Glinz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zumbrunn
- Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Viktoria Gloy
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Raatz
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Centre for Primary Health Care, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heiner C Bucher
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, Darouiche RO, Widmer A, Schmitt SK, Hendershot E, Holtom P, Huddleston P, Petermann G, Osmon D. Reply to Werth et al. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:282. [PMID: 27161779 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elie F Berbari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Souha S Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Todd J Kowalski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Rabih O Darouiche
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Center for Prostheses Infection, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andreas Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Edward Hendershot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul Holtom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Paul Huddleston
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Douglas Osmon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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