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Tiller J, Bakshi A, Dowling G, Keogh L, McInerney-Leo A, Barlow-Stewart K, Boughtwood T, Gleeson P, Delatycki MB, Winship I, Otlowski M, Lacaze P. Community concerns about genetic discrimination in life insurance persist in Australia: A survey of consumers offered genetic testing. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:286-294. [PMID: 37169978 PMCID: PMC10923945 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fears of genetic discrimination in life insurance continue to deter some Australians from genetic testing. In July 2019, the life insurance industry introduced a partial, self-regulated moratorium restricting the use of genetic results in underwriting, applicable to policies up to certain limits (eg AUD$500,000 for death cover).We administered an online survey to consumers who had taken, or been offered, clinical genetic testing for adult-onset conditions, to gather views and experiences about the moratorium and the use of genetic results in life insurance, including its regulation.Most respondents (n = 367) had undertaken a genetic test (89%), and had a positive test result (76%; n = 243/321). Almost 30% (n = 94/326) reported testing after 1 July 2019. Relatively few respondents reported knowing about the moratorium (16%; n = 54/340) or that use of genetic results in life insurance underwriting is legal (17%; n = 60/348). Only 4% (n = 14/350) consider this practice should be allowed. Some respondents reported ongoing difficulties accessing life insurance products, even after the moratorium. Further, discrimination concerns continue to affect some consumers' decision-making about having clinical testing and applying for life insurance products, despite the Moratorium being in place. Most respondents (88%; n = 298/340) support the introduction of legislation by the Australian government to regulate this issue.Despite the introduction of a partial moratorium in Australia, fears of genetic discrimination persist, and continue to deter people from genetic testing. Consumers overwhelmingly consider life insurers should not be allowed to use genetic results in underwriting, and that federal legislation is required to regulate this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tiller
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace Dowling
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Keogh
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aideen McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristine Barlow-Stewart
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiffany Boughtwood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Martin B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Margaret Otlowski
- Faculty of Law and Centre for Law and Genetics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Yu C, Bakshi A, Bell RJ, Islam RM, Handelsman DJ, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P, Davis SR. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic regulation of oestrone concentrations and association with endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104997. [PMID: 38324981 PMCID: PMC10862393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrone, predominantly made in fat, is the main circulating oestrogen and important for target tissue oestradiol production in women after menopause. The present study was undertaken to determine the genetic regulation of blood oestrone, measured with precision, in postmenopausal women and to explore associations between the identified genetic loci and endometrial cancer in a large, independent cohort. METHODS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken in women aged at least 70 years to identify genetic associations with blood oestrone concentrations measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The GWAS included participants from the Sex Hormones in Older Women (SHOW) study, a sub-study of the longitudinal ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) randomised trial. Of the 6358 women providing a biobank sample at enrolment, 4951 unrelated women of European ancestry, not taking sex hormones, anti-oestrogens, anti-androgens or systemic glucocorticoids were included in the GWAS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from loci identified below the genome-wide significance threshold were then tested in an independent cohort (the UK Biobank) for association with endometrial cancer risk, using logistic regression and adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and the top 10 genetic principal components. FINDINGS The median age of the 4951 women included in the GWAS was 75.9 years (range 70-94.8 years). The GWAS identified four independent SNPs associated with oestrone concentrations (p < 5 × 10-8). Among them, the effect (minor) alleles rs34670419-T, rs2846729-T and rs2414098-T were associated with lower oestrone concentrations. Carrying these effect alleles was associated with lower oestrone concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The effect allele rs56400819-A was associated with higher oestrone concentrations. When applied to UK Biobank, carrier status for rs2414098-T associated with the CYP19A1 gene which encodes the aromatase enzyme required for oestrogen synthesis was significantly associated with lower endometrial cancer risk (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 0.87 [95% CI 0.82-0.93]; p = 6.69 × 10-5 for women across all ages and aOR 0.89 [95% CI 0.83-0.96]; p = 0.003 for postmenopausal women). None of the models that included age, body mass index (BMI), the top 10 genetic principal components, parity and diabetes mellitus explained more than 7.6% of the variation in risk. INTERPRETATION We have shown genetic regulation of oestrone concentrations in postmenopausal women, and that SNPs associated with oestrone were also associated with endometrial cancer risk, independent of BMI, parity and diabetes mellitus. Although the apparent contribution was modest, the biological influence of oestrone concentrations may be greater through conversion to oestradiol in endometrial tissue. FUNDING The ASPREE trial was supported by the National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (Grant U01AG029824); the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (Grant 34047, 1127060); Monash University (Australia); and the Victorian Cancer Agency (Australia). The ASPREE Healthy Ageing Biobank was funded by the CSIRO (Flagship Grant), the National Cancer Institute (Grant U01 AG029824) and Monash University. This analysis of sex hormones was funded by an NHMRC of Australia Project Grant (No. 1105305). SRD holds an NHMRC Investigator Grant (2016627). PL is supported by a National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (102604).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robin J Bell
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Rakibul M Islam
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | | | - John J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Susan R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Tiller J, Bakshi A, Dowling G, Keogh L, McInerney-Leo A, Barlow-Stewart K, Boughtwood T, Gleeson P, Delatycki MB, Winship I, Otlowski M, Lacaze P. Correction: Community concerns about genetic discrimination in life insurance persist in Australia: A survey of consumers offered genetic testing. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:365. [PMID: 37217628 PMCID: PMC10923928 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tiller
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace Dowling
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Keogh
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aideen McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristine Barlow-Stewart
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiffany Boughtwood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Genomics, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Martin B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Margaret Otlowski
- Faculty of Law and Centre for Law and Genetics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Jefferis J, Hudson R, Lacaze P, Bakshi A, Hawley C, Patel C, Mallett A. Monogenic and polygenic concepts in chronic kidney disease (CKD). J Nephrol 2024; 37:7-21. [PMID: 37989975 PMCID: PMC10920206 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Kidney function is strongly influenced by genetic factors with both monogenic and polygenic factors contributing to kidney function. Monogenic disorders with primarily autosomal dominant inheritance patterns account for 10% of adult and 50% of paediatric kidney diseases. However, kidney function is also a complex trait with polygenic architecture, where genetic factors interact with environment and lifestyle factors. Family studies suggest that kidney function has significant heritability at 35-69%, capturing complexities of the genome with shared environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies estimate the single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of kidney function between 7.1 and 20.3%. These heritability estimates, measuring the extent to which genetic variation contributes to CKD risk, indicate a strong genetic contribution. Polygenic Risk Scores have recently been developed for chronic kidney disease and kidney function, and validated in large populations. Polygenic Risk Scores show correlation with kidney function but lack the specificity to predict individual-level changes in kidney function. Certain kidney diseases, such as membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy that have significant genetic components, may benefit most from polygenic risk scores for improved risk stratification. Genetic studies of kidney function also provide a potential avenue for the development of more targeted therapies and interventions. Understanding the development and validation of genomic scores is required to guide their implementation and identify the most appropriate potential implications in clinical practice. In this review, we provide an overview of the heritability of kidney function traits in population studies, explore both monogenic and polygenic concepts in kidney disease, with a focus on recently developed polygenic risk scores in kidney function and chronic kidney disease, and review specific diseases which are most amenable to incorporation of genomic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jefferis
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel Hawley
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Mallett
- Institutional for Molecular Bioscience and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia.
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia.
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Yu C, Bakshi A, Watts GF, Renton AE, Fulton‐Howard B, Goate AM, Natarajan P, Chasman DI, Robman L, Woods RL, Guymer R, Wolfe R, Thao LTP, McNeil JJ, Tonkin AM, Nicholls SJ, Lacaze P. Genome-Wide Association Study of Cardiovascular Resilience Identifies Protective Variation in the CETP Gene. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031459. [PMID: 37929782 PMCID: PMC10727421 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) increases sharply with age. Some older individuals, however, remain unaffected despite high predicted risk. These individuals may carry cardioprotective genetic variants that contribute to resilience. Our aim was to assess whether asymptomatic older individuals without prevalent ASCVD carry cardioprotective genetic variants that contribute to ASCVD resilience. Methods and Results We performed a genome-wide association study using a 10-year predicted ASCVD risk score as a quantitative trait, calculated only in asymptomatic older individuals aged ≥70 years without prevalent ASCVD. Our discovery genome-wide association study of N=12 031 ASCVD event-free individuals from the ASPREE (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial identified 2 independent variants, rs9939224 (P<5×10-8) and rs56156922 (P<10-6), in the CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) gene. The CETP gene is a regulator of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) levels, and it is a therapeutic drug target. The associations were replicated in the UK Biobank (subpopulation of N=13 888 individuals aged ≥69 years without prevalent ASCVD). Carriers of the identified CETP variants (versus noncarriers) had higher plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and reduced risk of incident ASCVD events during follow-up. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis predicted the identified CETP variants reduce CETP gene expression across various tissues. Previously reported associations between genetic CETP inhibition and increased risk of age-related macular degeneration were not observed among the 3917 ASPREE trial participants with retinal imaging and genetic data available. Conclusions Common genetic variants in the CETP gene region are associated with cardiovascular resilience during aging. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01038583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Gerald F. Watts
- School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiometabolic Service, Department of CardiologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Alan E. Renton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Brian Fulton‐Howard
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease InitiativeBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Liubov Robman
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Robyn Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Andrew M. Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J. Nicholls
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Al-Kaisey A, Wong GR, Young P, Chieng D, Hawson J, Anderson R, Sugumar H, Nalliah C, Prabhu M, Johnson R, Soka M, Tarr I, Bakshi A, Yu C, Lacaze P, Giannoulatou E, McLellan A, Lee G, Kistler PM, Fatkin D, Kalman JM. Polygenic risk scores are associated with atrial electrophysiologic substrate abnormalities and outcomes after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1188-1194. [PMID: 36804918 PMCID: PMC10522415 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kaisey
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Wong
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Chieng
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Hawson
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hariharan Sugumar
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chrishan Nalliah
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Renee Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Magdalena Soka
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ingrid Tarr
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenglong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex McLellan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Heart Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bakshi A, Jefferis J, Wolfe R, Wetmore JB, McNeil JJ, Murray AM, Polkinghorne KR, Mallett A, Lacaze P. Association of polygenic scores with chronic kidney disease phenotypes in a longitudinal study of older adults. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1156-1166. [PMID: 37001602 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, and increases sharply in individuals 70 years and older. Polygenic scores (PGS) for kidney disease-related traits have shown promise, but require validation in well-characterized cohorts. Here, we assessed the performance of recently-developed PGSs for CKD-related traits in a longitudinal cohort of healthy older individuals enrolled in the Australian ASPREE randomized controlled trial of daily low-dose aspirin with CKD risk at baseline and longitudinally. Among 11,813 genotyped participants aged 70 years or more with baseline eGFR measures, we tested associations between PGSs and measured eGFR at baseline, clinical phenotype of CKD, and longitudinal rate of eGFR decline spanning up to six years of follow-up per participant. A PGS for eGFR was associated with baseline eGFR, with a significant decrease of 3.9 mL/min/1.73m2 (95% confidence interval -4.17 to -3.68) per standard deviation (SD) increase of the PGS. This PGS, as well as a PGS for CKD stage 3 were both associated with higher risk of baseline CKD stage 3 in cross-sectional analysis (Odds Ratio 1.75 per SD , 95% confidence interval 1.66-1.85, and Odds Ratio 1.51 per SD, 95% confidence interval 1.43-1.59, respectively). Longitudinally, two separate PGSs for eGFR slope were associated with significant kidney function decline during follow-up. Thus, our study demonstrates that kidney function has a considerable genetic component in older adults, and that new PGSs for kidney disease-related phenotypes may have potential utility for CKD risk prediction in advanced age.
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Li A, Liu S, Bakshi A, Jiang L, Chen W, Zheng Z, Sullivan PF, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Yang J, Zeng J. mBAT-combo: A more powerful test to detect gene-trait associations from GWAS data. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:30-43. [PMID: 36608683 PMCID: PMC9892780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-based association tests aggregate multiple SNP-trait associations into sets defined by gene boundaries and are widely used in post-GWAS analysis. A common approach for gene-based tests is to combine SNPs associations by computing the sum of χ2 statistics. However, this strategy ignores the directions of SNP effects, which could result in a loss of power for SNPs with masking effects, e.g., when the product of two SNP effects and the linkage disequilibrium (LD) correlation is negative. Here, we introduce "mBAT-combo," a set-based test that is better powered than other methods to detect multi-SNP associations in the context of masking effects. We validate the method through simulations and applications to real data. We find that of 35 blood and urine biomarker traits in the UK Biobank, 34 traits show evidence for masking effects in a total of 4,273 gene-trait pairs, indicating that masking effects is common in complex traits. We further validate the improved power of our method in height, body mass index, and schizophrenia with different GWAS sample sizes and show that on average 95.7% of the genes detected only by mBAT-combo with smaller sample sizes can be identified by the single-SNP approach with a 1.7-fold increase in sample sizes. Eleven genes significant only in mBAT-combo for schizophrenia are confirmed by functionally informed fine-mapping or Mendelian randomization integrating gene expression data. The framework of mBAT-combo can be applied to any set of SNPs to refine trait-association signals hidden in genomic regions with complex LD structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shouye Liu
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Wenhan Chen
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Tiller JM, Bakshi A, Brotchie AR, Green RC, Winship IM, Lacaze P. Public willingness to participate in population DNA screening in Australia. J Med Genet 2022:jmg-2022-108921. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPopulation-based DNA screening for medically actionable conditions has the potential to improve public health by enabling early detection, treatment and/or prevention; however, public attitudes and willingness to participate in DNA screening have not been well investigated.MethodsWe presented a scenario to members of the Australian public, randomly selected from the electoral roll via the Australian Survey of Societal Attitudes, describing an adult population DNA screening programme currently under development, to detect risk of medically actionable cancers and heart disease. We asked questions regarding willingness to participate and pay, preferred delivery methods and concerns.ResultsWe received 1060 completed questionnaires (response rate 23%, mean age 58 years). The vast majority (>92%) expressed willingness to undertake DNA screening. When asked about the optimal age of screening, most (56%) favoured early adulthood (aged 18–40 years) rather than at birth or childhood. Many respondents would prefer samples and data be kept for re-screening (36%) or research use (43%); some preferred samples to be destroyed (21%). Issues that decrease likelihood of participation included privacy (75%) and insurance (86%) implications.ConclusionOur study demonstrates public willingness to participate in population DNA screening in Australia, and identifies barriers to participation, to be addressed in the design of screening programmes. Results are informing the development of a pilot national DNA screening programme.
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Lacaze P, Bakshi A, Riaz M, Polekhina G, Owen A, Bhatia HS, Natarajan P, Wolfe R, Beilin L, Nicholls SJ, Watts GF, McNeil JJ, Tonkin AM, Tsimikas S. Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Relation to Lipoprotein(a) Genotypes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1287-1298. [PMID: 36175048 PMCID: PMC10025998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of aspirin in reducing lipoprotein(a)-mediated atherothrombotic events in primary prevention is not established. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess whether low-dose aspirin benefits individuals with elevated plasma lipoprotein(a)-associated genotypes in the setting of primary prevention. METHODS The study analyzed 12,815 genotyped individuals ≥70 years of age of European ancestry and without prior cardiovascular disease events enrolled in the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) randomized controlled trial of 100 mg/d aspirin. We defined lipoprotein(a)-associated genotypes using rs3798220-C carrier status and quintiles of a lipoprotein(a) genomic risk score (LPA-GRS). We tested for interaction between genotypes and aspirin allocation in Cox proportional hazards models for incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and clinically significant bleeding. We also examined associations in the aspirin and placebo arms of the trial separately. RESULTS During a median 4.7 years (IQR: 3.6-5.7 years) of follow-up, 435 MACE occurred, with an interaction observed between rs3798220-C and aspirin allocation (P = 0.049). rs3798220-C carrier status was associated with increased MACE risk in the placebo group (HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11-3.24) but not in the aspirin group (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.17-1.70). High LPA-GRS (vs low) was associated with increased MACE risk in the placebo group (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55), with risk attenuated in the aspirin group (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.90-2.23), but the interaction was not statistically significant. In all participants, aspirin reduced MACE by 1.7 events per 1,000 person-years and increased clinically significant bleeding by 1.7 events per 1,000 person-years. However, in the rs3798220-C and high LPA-GRS subgroups, aspirin reduced MACE by 11.4 and 3.3 events per 1,000 person-years respectively, without significantly increased bleeding risk. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin may benefit older individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a) genotypes in primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harpreet S Bhatia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Beilin
- Medical School Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Victoria Square, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Bakshi A, Chan AT. Aspirin, Risk of Colorectal Cancer, & Genetic Risk-Reply. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:703-704. [PMID: 36193656 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Bakshi A, Cao Y, Orchard SG, Carr PR, Joshi AD, Manning AK, Buchanan DD, Umar A, Winship IM, Gibbs P, Zalcberg JR, Macrae F, McNeil J, Lacaze P, Chan AT. Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Genetic Susceptibility among Older Individuals. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:447-454. [PMID: 35348611 PMCID: PMC9256779 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aspirin has been considered a promising agent for prevention of colorectal cancer, recent data suggest a lack of benefit among older individuals. Whether some individuals with higher risk of colorectal cancer may benefit from aspirin remains unknown. We used a 95-variant colorectal cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) to explore the association between genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer and aspirin use in a prospective study of 12,609 individuals of European descent ages ≥70 years, enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial (randomized controlled trial; RCT). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of aspirin use on colorectal cancer, as well as the interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment on colorectal cancer. Over a median of 4.7 years follow-up, 143 participants were diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer. Aspirin assignment was not associated with incidence of colorectal cancer overall [HR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.30] or within strata of PRS (P for interaction = 0.97). However, the PRS was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.28 per SD; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51). Individuals in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an 85% higher risk compared with individuals in the bottom quintile (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08-3.15). In a prospective RCT of older individuals, a PRS is associated with incident colorectal cancer risk, but aspirin use was not associated with a reduction of incident colorectal cancer, regardless of baseline genetic risk. PREVENTION RELEVANCE There is strong evidence to support prophylactic aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer. However recent recommendations suggest the risk of bleeding in older individuals outweighs the benefit. We sought to determine whether some older individuals might still benefit from aspirin based on their genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yin Cao
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prudence R. Carr
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medicine (RMH),The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John R. Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medicine (RMH),The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA
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13
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Lacaze P, Wang Y, Polekhina G, Bakshi A, Riaz M, Owen A, Franks A, Abidi J, Tiller J, McNeil J, Cicuttini F. Genomic risk score for advanced osteoarthritis in older adults. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1480-1487. [PMID: 35506208 PMCID: PMC9427681 DOI: 10.1002/art.42156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Prevention of osteoarthritis (OA) remains important, as there are no disease‐modifying treatments. A personalized approach has the potential to better target prevention strategies. In the present study, we used recently identified genetic risk variants from genome‐wide association analysis for advanced OA to calculate polygenic risk scores (PRS) for knee and hip OA and assessed PRS performance in an independent population of older community‐dwelling adults. Methods PRS were calculated in 12,093 individuals of European genetic descent ages ≥70 years who were enrolled in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly trial. The outcome measure was knee and hip replacement (hospitalizations during the trial and self‐reported joint replacements before enrollment). PRS were considered as continuous (per SD) and categorical (low risk [0–20%], medium risk [21–80%], high risk [81–100%]) variables. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between PRS and risk of joint replacement, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. Results Among the participants, 1,422 (11.8%) had knee replacements and 1,297 (10.7%) had hip replacements. PRS (per SD) were associated with a risk of knee replacement (odds ratio [OR] 1.13 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07–1.20]) and hip replacement (OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.16–1.30]). Participants with high PRS had an increased risk of knee replacement (OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.20–1.73]) and hip replacement (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.56–2.26]), compared to those with low PRS. Associations were stronger for PRS and hip replacement risk in women than in men. Associations were similar in sensitivity analyses that examined joint replacements before and during the trial separately. Conclusion PRS have the potential to improve prevention of severe knee and hip OA by providing a personalized approach and identifying individuals who may benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angus Franks
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jawad Abidi
- Department of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Tiller
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Neumann JT, Riaz M, Bakshi A, Polekhina G, Thao LTP, Nelson MR, Woods RL, Abraham G, Inouye M, Reid CM, Tonkin AM, McNeil J, Lacaze P. Prognostic Value of a Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals Aged 70 Years and Older. Circ Genom Precis Med 2022; 15:e003429. [PMID: 34949098 PMCID: PMC8847323 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of a polygenic risk score (PRS) to improve risk prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) events has been demonstrated to have clinical utility in the general adult population. However, the prognostic value of a PRS for CHD has not been examined specifically in older populations of individuals aged ≥70 years, who comprise a distinct high-risk subgroup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of a PRS for incident CHD events in a prospective cohort of older individuals without a history of cardiovascular events. METHODS We used data from 12 792 genotyped, healthy older individuals enrolled into the ASPREE trial (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly), a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of daily 100 mg aspirin on disability-free survival. Participants had no previous history of diagnosed atherothrombotic cardiovascular events, dementia, or persistent physical disability at enrollment. We calculated a PRS (meta-genomic risk score) consisting of 1.7 million genetic variants. The primary outcome was a composite of incident myocardial infarction or CHD death over 5 years. RESULTS At baseline, the median population age was 73.9 years, and 54.9% were female. In total, 254 incident CHD events occurred. When the PRS was added to conventional risk factors, it was independently associated with CHD (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.08-1.42], P=0.002). The area under the curve of the conventional model was 70.53 (95% CI, 67.00-74.06), and after inclusion of the PRS increased to 71.78 (95% CI, 68.32-75.24, P=0.019), demonstrating improved prediction. Reclassification was also improved, as the continuous net reclassification index after adding PRS to the conventional model was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15-0.28). CONCLUSION A PRS for CHD performs well in older people and improves prediction over conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Our study provides evidence that genomic risk prediction for CHD has clinical utility in individuals aged 70 years and older. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01038583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T. Neumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;,Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Centre, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany;,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Le T. P. Thao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gad Abraham
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Al-Kaisey A, Wong G, Young P, Hawson J, Chieng D, Bakshi A, Lacaze P, Giannoulatou E, Kistler P, Fatkin D, Kalman J. Polygenic Risk Scores Identify Atrial Electrophysiological Substrate Abnormalities and Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Catheter Ablation. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Riaz M, Mattisson J, Polekhina G, Bakshi A, Halvardson J, Danielsson M, Ameur A, McNeil J, Forsberg LA, Lacaze P. A polygenic risk score predicts mosaic loss of chromosome Y in circulating blood cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:205. [PMID: 34895331 PMCID: PMC8667399 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is the most common somatic change that occurs in circulating white blood cells of older men. LOY in leukocytes is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and a range of common disease such as hematological and non-hematological cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular events. Recent genome-wide association studies identified up to 156 germline variants associated with risk of LOY. The objective of this study was to use these variants to calculate a novel polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOY, and to assess the predictive performance of this score in a large independent population of older men. Results We calculated a PRS for LOY in 5131 men aged 70 years and older. Levels of LOY were estimated using microarrays and validated by whole genome sequencing. After adjusting for covariates, the PRS was a significant predictor of LOY (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74 per standard deviation of the PRS, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.62–1.86, p < 0.001). Men in the highest quintile of the PRS distribution had > fivefold higher risk of LOY than the lowest (OR = 5.05, 95% CI 4.05–6.32, p < 0.001). Adding the PRS to a LOY prediction model comprised of age, smoking and alcohol consumption significantly improved prediction (AUC = 0.628 [CI 0.61–0.64] to 0.695 [CI 0.67–0.71], p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that a PRS for LOY could become a useful tool for risk prediction and targeted intervention for common disease in men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,The Beijer Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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17
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Bakshi A, Riaz M, Orchard SG, Carr PR, Joshi AD, Cao Y, Rebello R, Nguyen-Dumont T, Southey MC, Millar JL, Gately L, Gibbs P, Ford LG, Parnes HL, Chan AT, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P. A Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Incident Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men but Does Not Select for Clinically Significant Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5815. [PMID: 34830967 PMCID: PMC8616400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer in older men, the predictive value of a polygenic risk score (PRS) remains uncertain in men aged ≥70 years. We used a 6.6 million-variant PRS to predict the risk of incident prostate cancer in a prospective study of 5701 men of European descent aged ≥70 years (mean age 75 years) enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial. The study endpoint was prostate cancer, including metastatic or non-metastatic disease, confirmed by an expert panel. After excluding participants with a history of prostate cancer at enrolment, we used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between the PRS and incident prostate cancer risk, adjusting for covariates. Additionally, we examined the distribution of Gleason grade groups by PRS group to determine if a higher PRS was associated with higher grade disease. We tested for interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment. Logistic regression was used to independently assess the association of the PRS with prevalent (pre-trial) prostate cancer, reported in medical histories. During a median follow-up time of 4.6 years, 218 of the 5701 participants (3.8%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The PRS predicted incident risk with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.52 per standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-1.74, p < 0.001). Men in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an almost three times higher risk of prostate cancer than men in the lowest quintile (HR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.90-4.27), p < 0.001). However, a higher PRS was not associated with a higher Gleason grade groups. We found no interaction between aspirin treatment and the PRS for prostate cancer risk. The PRS was also associated with prevalent prostate cancer (odds ratio = 1.80 per SD (95% CI 1.65-1.96), p < 0.001).While a PRS for prostate cancer is strongly associated with incident risk in men aged ≥70 years, the clinical utility of the PRS as a biomarker is currently limited by its inability to select for clinically significant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Prudence R. Carr
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Yin Cao
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Richard Rebello
- Centre for Cancer Research, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tú Nguyen-Dumont
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (T.N.-D.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (T.N.-D.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jeremy L. Millar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lucy Gately
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (L.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Leslie G. Ford
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (L.G.F.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (L.G.F.); (H.L.P.)
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.R.); (S.G.O.); (P.R.C.); (J.L.M.); (J.J.M.); (P.L.)
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02108, USA; (A.D.J.); (A.T.C.)
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18
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Bakshi A, Yan M, Riaz M, Polekhina G, Orchard SG, Tiller J, Wolfe R, Joshi A, Cao Y, McInerney-Leo AM, Yanes T, Janda M, Soyer HP, Cust AE, Law MH, Gibbs P, McLean C, Chan AT, McNeil JJ, Mar VJ, Lacaze P. Genomic Risk Score for Melanoma in a Prospective Study of Older Individuals. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1379-1385. [PMID: 33837773 PMCID: PMC8921762 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association meta-analysis for melanoma doubled the number of previously identified variants. We assessed the performance of an updated polygenic risk score (PRS) in a population of older individuals, where melanoma incidence and cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure is greatest. METHODS We assessed a PRS for cutaneous melanoma comprising 55 variants in a prospective study of 12 712 individuals in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Trial. We evaluated incident melanomas diagnosed during the trial and prevalent melanomas diagnosed preenrolment (self-reported). Multivariable models examined associations between PRS as a continuous variable (per SD) and categorical (low-risk [0%-20%], medium-risk [21%-80%], high-risk [81%-100%] groups) with incident melanoma. Logistic regression examined the association between PRS and prevalent melanoma. RESULTS At baseline, mean participant age was 75 years; 55.0% were female, and 528 (4.2%) had prevalent melanomas. During follow-up (median = 4.7 years), 120 (1.0%) incident cutaneous melanomas occurred, 98 of which were in participants with no history. PRS was associated with incident melanoma (hazard ratio = 1.46 per SD, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 1.77) and prevalent melanoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 per SD, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.69). Participants in the highest-risk PRS group had increased risk compared with the low-risk group for incident melanoma (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.92) and prevalent melanoma (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 2.69 to 5.05). When stratifying by sex, only males had an association between the PRS and incident melanoma, whereas both sexes had an association between the PRS and prevalent melanoma. CONCLUSIONS A genomic risk score is associated with melanoma risk in older individuals and may contribute to targeted surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mabel Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne G Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Tiller
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amit Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aideen M McInerney-Leo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, USA
| | - Tatiane Yanes
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, USA
| | - Monika Janda
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, USA
- Centre of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, USA
| | - Anne E Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health and Melanoma Institute Australia, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia, Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; MGH Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria J Mar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Lawrence MG, Porter LH, Choo N, Pook D, Grummet JP, Pezaro CJ, Sandhu S, Ramm S, Luu J, Bakshi A, Goode DL, Sanij E, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Simpson KJ, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP, Furic L. CX-5461 Sensitizes DNA Damage Repair-proficient Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer to PARP Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2140-2150. [PMID: 34413130 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monotherapy with PARP inhibitors is effective for the subset of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with defects in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. New treatments are required for the remaining tumors, and an emerging strategy is to combine PARP inhibitors with other therapies that induce DNA damage. Here we tested whether PARP inhibitors are effective for HR-proficient CRPC, including androgen receptor (AR)-null tumors, when used in combination with CX-5461, a small molecule that inhibits RNA polymerase I transcription and activates the DNA damage response, and has antitumor activity in early phase I trials. The combination of CX-5461 and talazoparib significantly decreased in vivo growth of patient-derived xenografts of HR-proficient CRPC, including AR-positive, AR-null, and neuroendocrine tumors. CX-5461 and talazoparib synergistically inhibited the growth of organoids and cell lines, and significantly increased the levels of DNA damage. Decreased tumor growth after combination therapy was maintained for 2 weeks without treatment, significantly increasing host survival. Therefore, combination treatment with CX-5461 and talazoparib is effective for HR-proficient tumors that are not suitable for monotherapy with PARP inhibitors, including AR-null CRPC. This expands the spectrum of CRPC that is sensitive to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Choo
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy P Grummet
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel J Pezaro
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Victoria, Australia.,University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susanne Ramm
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennii Luu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Risbridger GP, Clark AK, Porter LH, Toivanen R, Bakshi A, Lister NL, Pook D, Pezaro CJ, Sandhu S, Keerthikumar S, Quezada Urban R, Papargiris M, Kraska J, Madsen HB, Wang H, Richards MG, Niranjan B, O'Dea S, Teng L, Wheelahan W, Li Z, Choo N, Ouyang JF, Thorne H, Devereux L, Hicks RJ, Sengupta S, Harewood L, Iddawala M, Azad AA, Goad J, Grummet J, Kourambas J, Kwan EM, Moon D, Murphy DG, Pedersen J, Clouston D, Norden S, Ryan A, Furic L, Goode DL, Frydenberg M, Lawrence MG, Taylor RA. The MURAL collection of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts enables discovery through preclinical models of uro-oncology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5049. [PMID: 34413304 PMCID: PMC8376965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical testing is a crucial step in evaluating cancer therapeutics. We aimed to establish a significant resource of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of prostate cancer for rapid and systematic evaluation of candidate therapies. The PDX collection comprises 59 tumors collected from 30 patients between 2012-2020, coinciding with availability of abiraterone and enzalutamide. The PDXs represent the clinico-pathological and genomic spectrum of prostate cancer, from treatment-naïve primary tumors to castration-resistant metastases. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine phenotypes is evident from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Organoids can be cultured from PDXs, providing further capabilities for preclinical studies. Using a 1 x 1 x 1 design, we rapidly identify tumors with exceptional responses to combination treatments. To govern the distribution of PDXs, we formed the Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL). This PDX collection is a substantial resource, expanding the capacity to test and prioritize effective treatments for prospective clinical trials in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail P Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roxanne Toivanen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L Lister
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel J Pezaro
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosalia Quezada Urban
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Papargiris
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenna Kraska
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather B Madsen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle G Richards
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Birunthi Niranjan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha O'Dea
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Teng
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - William Wheelahan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhuoer Li
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Choo
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Thorne
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shomik Sengupta
- Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Freemasons, Epworth Health, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Harewood
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahesh Iddawala
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Grummet
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Edmond M Kwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Moon
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sam Norden
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Lacaze P, Polekhina G, Bakshi A, Riaz M, Owen A, Franks A, Wang Y, Abidi J, Tiller J, Orchard S, Mcneil J, Cicuttini F. OP0015 GENOMIC RISK SCORE FOR ADVANCED OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OLDER ADULTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability, with treatment options mostly limited to advanced disease when joint replacement is indicated. Recent genome-wide association analysis more than doubled the number of OA-associated variants identified (1, 2), extending the feasibility of identification of high-risk individuals.Objectives:Including these variants, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and performed validation in a well-characterised population of older individuals.Methods:We calculated PRSs for knee and hip OA respectively, using joint replacement surgeries as markers of advanced disease in 12,724 older individuals of European descent in the ASPREE trial. We considered in-trial joint replacement (hospitalizations during median 4.7 years follow-up) and pre-trial joint replacement from self-reported medical history. Multivariable models examined the effect of PRS as a continuous variable (per standard deviation [SD]) and categorical variable (low-risk [0-20%], medium-risk [21-80%], high-risk [81-100%] groups), adjusting for age, sex and BMI.Results:Mean population age at baseline was 75 years and 54.9% of participants were female. In total, 1478 (11.6%) participants had knee replacements and 1324 (10.4%) had hip replacements. Female sex, higher BMI and age were associated with higher risk of knee and hip replacements. PRSs as continuous variables per SD were associated with knee (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.17) and hip (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.25) replacements. We found meaningfully different rates of knee or hip joint replacement occurring between low-, medium- and high-risk PRS groups. Participants in the high-risk PRS group, compared with the low, had a higher risk of knee replacements (OR=1.35, CI 1.12-1.62), and hip replacements (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.37-2.02). We found no interaction between PRS and sex, and no collinearity between PRS and BMI, suggesting PRS is an independent risk factor for OA.Conclusion:Joint-specific genomic risk scores predict advanced OA in older adults, independent of age, sex and BMI. Stronger associations are observed for hip versus knee OA. Our study provides some of the first evidence of potential clinical utility of genomic risk prediction for OA, which may help identify individuals who would benefit most from targeted clinical management and preventive intervention.References:[1]Tachmazidou I, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, et al. 2019. Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data. Nat Genet, 51, 230-236[2]Zengini E, Hatzikotoulas K, Tachmazidou I, et al. 2018. Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis. Nat Genet, 50, 549-558Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Neumann JT, Riaz M, Bakshi A, Polekhina G, Thao LTP, Nelson MR, Woods RL, Abraham G, Inouye M, Reid CM, Tonkin AM, Williamson JD, Donnan GA, Brodtmann A, Cloud GC, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P. Predictive Performance of a Polygenic Risk Score for Incident Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy Older Population. Stroke 2021; 52:2882-2891. [PMID: 34039031 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.033670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T Neumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre, Hamburg, Germany (J.T.N.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (J.T.N.)
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Le T P Thao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart (M.R.N.)
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gad Abraham
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (G.A., M.I.)
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (G.A., M.I.).,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.I.)
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (C.M.R.)
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.D.W.)
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., A. Brodtmann), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital (G.A.D., A. Brodtmann), University of Melbourne, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (A. Brodtmann), University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Cloud
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School (G.C.C.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (G.C.C.)
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (J.T.N., M.R., A. Bakshi, G.P., L.T.P.T., M.R.N., R.L.W., C.M.R., A.M.T., J.J.M., P.L.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Neumann J, Riaz M, Bakshi A, Polekhina G, Thao L, Nelson M, Woods R, Abraham G, Inouye M, Reid C, Tonkin A, Williamson J, Donnan G, Brodtmann A, Cloud G, McNeil J, Lacaze P. PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF A POLYGENIC RISK SCORE FOR INCIDENT ISCHEMIC STROKE IN A HEALTHY OLDER POPULATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Neumann J, Riaz M, Bakshi A, Polekhina G, Thao L, Nelson M, Woods R, Abraham G, Inouye M, Reid C, Tonkin A, McNeil J, Lacaze P. PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF A POLYGENIC RISK SCORE FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN A HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Porter LH, Bakshi A, Pook D, Clark A, Clouston D, Kourambas J, Goode DL, Risbridger GP, Taylor RA, Lawrence MG. Androgen receptor enhancer amplification in matched patient-derived xenografts of primary and castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:121-134. [PMID: 33620092 DOI: 10.1002/path.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amplifications of the androgen receptor (AR) occur in up to 80% of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent studies highlighted that these amplifications not only span the AR gene but usually encompass a distal enhancer. This represents a newly recognised, non-coding mechanism of resistance to AR-directed therapies, including enzalutamide. To study disease progression before and after AR amplification, we used tumour samples from a castrate-sensitive primary tumour and castrate-resistant metastasis of the same patient. For subsequent functional and genomic studies, we established serially transplantable patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Whole genome sequencing showed that alterations associated with poor prognosis, such as TP53 and PTEN loss, existed before androgen deprivation therapy, followed by co-amplification of the AR gene and enhancer after the development of metastatic CRPC. The PDX of the primary tumour, without the AR amplification, was sensitive to AR-directed treatments, including castration, enzalutamide, and apalutamide. The PDX of the metastasis, with the AR amplification, had higher AR and AR-V7 expression in castrate conditions, and was resistant to castration, apalutamide, and enzalutamide in vivo. Treatment with a BET inhibitor outperformed the AR-directed therapies for the metastasis, resulting in tumour regression for some, but not all, grafts. Therefore, this study provides novel matched PDXs to test potential treatments that target the overabundance of AR in tumours with AR enhancer amplifications. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Porter
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashlee Clark
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | -
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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26
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Guo J, Bakshi A, Wang Y, Jiang L, Yengo L, Goddard ME, Visscher PM, Yang J. Quantifying genetic heterogeneity between continental populations for human height and body mass index. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5240. [PMID: 33664403 PMCID: PMC7933291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in samples of European ancestry have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits in humans. However, it remains largely unclear whether these associations can be used in non-European populations. Here, we seek to quantify the proportion of genetic variation for a complex trait shared between continental populations. We estimated the between-population correlation of genetic effects at all SNPs (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$r_{g}$$\end{document}rg) or genome-wide significant SNPs (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$r_{{g\left( {GWS} \right)}}$$\end{document}rgGWS) for height and body mass index (BMI) in samples of European (EUR; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$n = 49,839$$\end{document}n=49,839) and African (AFR; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$n = 17,426$$\end{document}n=17,426) ancestry. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{r}_{g}$$\end{document}r^g between EUR and AFR was 0.75 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{s}}.{\text{e}}. = 0.035$$\end{document}s.e.=0.035) for height and 0.68 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{s}}.{\text{e}}. = 0.062$$\end{document}s.e.=0.062) for BMI, and the corresponding \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{r}_{{g\left( {GWS} \right)}}$$\end{document}r^gGWS was 0.82 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{s}}.{\text{e}}. = 0.030$$\end{document}s.e.=0.030) for height and 0.87 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{s}}.{\text{e}}. = 0.064$$\end{document}s.e.=0.064) for BMI, suggesting that a large proportion of GWAS findings discovered in Europeans are likely applicable to non-Europeans for height and BMI. There was no evidence that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hat{r}_{g}$$\end{document}r^g differs in SNP groups with different levels of between-population difference in allele frequency or linkage disequilibrium, which, however, can be due to the lack of power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Longda Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Biosciences Research Division, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China. .,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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Kahali B, Chen Y, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, O’Connell JR, Musani SK, Hegde Y, Chen Y, Stetson LC, Guo X, Fu YP, Smith AV, Ryan KA, Eiriksdottir G, Cohain AT, Allison M, Bakshi A, Bowden DW, Budoff MJ, Carr JJ, Carskadon S, Chen YDI, Correa A, Crudup BF, Du X, Harris TB, Yang J, Kardia SLR, Launer LJ, Liu J, Mosley TH, Norris JM, Terry JG, Palanisamy N, Schadt EE, O’Donnell CJ, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Rotter JI, Wagenknecht LE, Handelman SK, Gudnason V, Province MA, Peyser PA, Halligan B, Palmer ND, Speliotes EK. A Noncoding Variant Near PPP1R3B Promotes Liver Glycogen Storage and MetS, but Protects Against Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:372-387. [PMID: 33231259 PMCID: PMC7823249 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glycogen storage diseases are rare. Increased glycogen in the liver results in increased attenuation. OBJECTIVE Investigate the association and function of a noncoding region associated with liver attenuation but not histologic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. DESIGN Genetics of Obesity-associated Liver Disease Consortium. SETTING Population-based. MAIN OUTCOME Computed tomography measured liver attenuation. RESULTS Carriers of rs4841132-A (frequency 2%-19%) do not show increased hepatic steatosis; they have increased liver attenuation indicative of increased glycogen deposition. rs4841132 falls in a noncoding RNA LOC157273 ~190 kb upstream of PPP1R3B. We demonstrate that rs4841132-A increases PPP1R3B through a cis genetic effect. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we engineered a 105-bp deletion including rs4841132-A in human hepatocarcinoma cells that increases PPP1R3B, decreases LOC157273, and increases glycogen perfectly mirroring the human disease. Overexpression of PPP1R3B or knockdown of LOC157273 increased glycogen but did not result in decreased LOC157273 or increased PPP1R3B, respectively, suggesting that the effects may not all occur via affecting RNA levels. Based on electronic health record (EHR) data, rs4841132-A associates with all components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, rs4841132-A associated with decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and risk for myocardial infarction (MI). A metabolic signature for rs4841132-A includes increased glycine, lactate, triglycerides, and decreased acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. CONCLUSIONS These results show that rs4841132-A promotes a hepatic glycogen storage disease by increasing PPP1R3B and decreasing LOC157273. rs4841132-A promotes glycogen accumulation and development of MetS but lowers LDL cholesterol and risk for MI. These results suggest that elevated hepatic glycogen is one cause of MetS that does not invariably promote MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Kahali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O’Connell
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yash Hegde
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L C Stetson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yi-ping Fu
- Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ariella T Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Breland F Crudup
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Havard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran’s Administration Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian Halligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Huang QQ, Tang HHF, Teo SM, Mok D, Ritchie SC, Nath AP, Brozynska M, Salim A, Bakshi A, Holt BJ, Khor CC, Sly PD, Holt PG, Holt KE, Inouye M. Neonatal genetics of gene expression reveal potential origins of autoimmune and allergic disease risk. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3761. [PMID: 32724101 PMCID: PMC7387553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune-mediated diseases of adulthood often originate in early childhood. To investigate genetic associations between neonatal immunity and disease, we map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in resting myeloid cells and CD4+ T cells from cord blood samples, as well as in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, respectively. Cis-eQTLs are largely specific to cell type or stimulation, and 31% and 52% of genes with cis-eQTLs have response eQTLs (reQTLs) in myeloid cells and T cells, respectively. We identified cis regulatory factors acting as mediators of trans effects. There is extensive colocalisation between condition-specific neonatal cis-eQTLs and variants associated with immune-mediated diseases, in particular CTSH had widespread colocalisation across diseases. Mendelian randomisation shows causal neonatal gene expression effects on disease risk for BTN3A2, HLA-C and others. Our study elucidates the genetics of gene expression in neonatal immune cells, and aetiological origins of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Some immune-mediated diseases may originate in early childhood. The authors mapped eQTLs and response eQTLs to various stimuli in neonatal myeloid cells and T cells, and revealed their potential role in immune-mediated diseases using colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin Huang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Howard H F Tang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Danny Mok
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.,British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Artika P Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marta Brozynska
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Agus Salim
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Barbara J Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7TH, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK. .,The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Lacaze P, Sebra R, Riaz M, Hooper AJ, Tiller J, Bakshi A, Woods RL, Tonkin AM, Reid CM, Murray AM, Nicholls SJ, Watts GF, Schadt E, McNeil JJ. Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Healthy Elderly Population. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 13:e002938. [PMID: 32522009 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.002938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.S., E.S.).,Sema4, Stamford, CT (R.S., E.S.)
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth (A.J.H., G.F.W.).,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, Australia (A.J.H.)
| | - Jane Tiller
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.).,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia (C.M.R.)
| | - Anne M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN (A.M.M.)
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.)
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth (A.J.H., G.F.W.).,Department of Cardiology, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, WA, Australia (G.F.W.)
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.S., E.S.).,Sema4, Stamford, CT (R.S., E.S.)
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.L., M.R., J.T., A.B., R.L.W., A.M.T., C.M.R., J.J.M.)
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30
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Abstract
The market for functional foods, fortified with added nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, micronutrients, antioxidants and fibers, is on the rise. In this review, we discuss the concept and nature of functional foods, the constituents or ingredients that are commonly used to fortify these foods, and the purpose of fortification. Finally, the review surveys consumers� attitudes toward functional foods and their importance to help their development and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakshi
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - S Chhabra
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - R Kaur
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
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31
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Periyasamy S, John S, Padmavati R, Rajendren P, Thirunavukkarasu P, Gratten J, Vinkhuyzen A, McRae A, Holliday EG, Nyholt DR, Nancarrow D, Bakshi A, Hemani G, Nertney D, Smith H, Filippich C, Patel K, Fowdar J, McLean D, Tirupati S, Nagasundaram A, Gundugurti PR, Selvaraj K, Jegadeesan J, Jorde LB, Wray NR, Brown MA, Suetani R, Giacomotto J, Thara R, Mowry BJ. Association of Schizophrenia Risk With Disordered Niacin Metabolism in an Indian Genome-wide Association Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1026-1034. [PMID: 31268507 PMCID: PMC6613304 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European populations have identified more than 100 schizophrenia-associated loci. A schizophrenia GWAS in a unique Indian population offers novel findings. Objective To discover and functionally evaluate genetic loci for schizophrenia in a GWAS of a unique Indian population. Design, Setting, and Participants This GWAS included a sample of affected individuals, family members, and unrelated cases and controls. Three thousand ninety-two individuals were recruited and diagnostically ascertained via medical records, hospitals, clinics, and clinical networks in Chennai and surrounding regions. Affected participants fulfilled DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Unrelated control participants had no personal or family history of psychotic disorder. Recruitment, genotyping, and analysis occurred in consecutive phases beginning January 1, 2001. Recruitment was completed on February 28, 2018, and genotyping and analysis are ongoing. Main Outcomes and Measures Associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression with schizophrenia. Results The study population included 1321 participants with schizophrenia, 885 family controls, and 886 unrelated controls. Among participants with schizophrenia, mean (SD) age was 39.1 (11.4) years, and 52.7% were male. This sample demonstrated uniform ethnicity, a degree of inbreeding, and negligible rates of substance abuse. A novel genome-wide significant association was observed between schizophrenia and a chromosome 8q24.3 locus (rs10866912, allele A; odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.17-1.38]; P = 4.35 × 10-8) that attracted support in the schizophrenia Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2 data (rs10866912, allele A; OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]; P = 7.56 × 10-4). This locus has undergone natural selection, with the risk allele A declining in frequency from India (approximately 72%) to Europe (approximately 43%). rs10866912 directly modifies the abundance of the nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase gene (NAPRT1) transcript in brain cortex (normalized effect size, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0; P = 5.8 × 10-13). NAPRT1 encodes a key enzyme for niacin metabolism. In Indian lymphoblastoid cell lines, (risk) allele A of rs10866912 was associated with NAPRT1 downregulation (AA: 0.74, n = 21; CC: 1.56, n = 17; P = .004). Preliminary zebrafish data further suggest that partial loss of function of NAPRT1 leads to abnormal brain development. Conclusions and Relevance Bioinformatic analyses and cellular and zebrafish gene expression studies implicate NAPRT1 as a novel susceptibility gene. Given this gene's role in niacin metabolism and the evidence for niacin deficiency provoking schizophrenialike symptoms in neuropsychiatric diseases such as pellagra and Hartnup disease, these results suggest that the rs10866912 genotype and niacin status may have implications for schizophrenia susceptibility and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Periyasamy
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sujit John
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Gratten
- Mater Research Institute and University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna Vinkhuyzen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Bakshi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Nertney
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Heather Smith
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheryl Filippich
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kalpana Patel
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javed Fowdar
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Duncan McLean
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srinivasan Tirupati
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service, Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel Suetani
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Bryan J Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, West Moreton Hospital and Health Service, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Bakshi A, Shafi R, Nelson J, Cantrell WC, Subhadarshani S, Andea A, Athar M, Elmets CA. The clinical course of actinic keratosis correlates with underlying molecular mechanisms. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:995-1002. [PMID: 31299087 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common premalignant skin lesions triggered by excessive ultraviolet exposure. The majority of AKs regress or persist, but some progress to squamous cell carcinomas. Biomarkers associated with their persistence, progression and regression have not been characterized. OBJECTIVES We performed skin biopsies in patients with extensive actinic damage to identify biomarkers that correlate with clinical progression and regression of AKs. METHODS This was an observational study of a cohort of patients with extensive actinic damage. AKs were mapped on a clear plastic template in 26 patients at months 3, 6, 9 and 11. Biopsies were taken from randomly selected, predetermined AKs and were evaluated for p53, E-cadherin, Snail, Slug and Twist. The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00027976. RESULTS p53 exhibited greater expression in clinically apparent AKs (histological score 2·89 ± 1·45) than in regressed AKs (0·75 ± 0·96); P < 0·01. There was also significantly less membrane E-cadherin, the lack of which is a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in clinically apparent AKs (1·89 ± 1·81) than in sun-exposed skin (3·07 ± 1·75); P < 0·005. The E-cadherin transcription repressors Snail, Slug and Twist were increased in AKs compared with sun-exposed skin. A limitation of the study is that measurement of histological biomarkers was not a primary end point. In addition, patients were allowed to apply sunscreens. CONCLUSIONS At the molecular level, loss of E-cadherin and an increase in p53 are linked to the dynamic interplay between the persistence, progression and regression of AKs. What's already known about this topic? Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common dysplastic epidermal lesions that result from chronic and excessive ultraviolet exposure. Biomarkers associated with progression and regression of AK have not been characterized. What does this study add? Decreased E-cadherin and increased p53, Snail, Slug and Twist (E-cadherin transcription factors) were associated with progression from AK to nonmelanoma skin cancer. What is the translational message? Strategies targeting these molecules may be effective in reversing rising skin cancer rates. E-cadherin, p53, Snail, Slug and Twist are potential biomarkers that may be used to assess the efficacy of existing chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - R Shafi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - J Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - W C Cantrell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - S Subhadarshani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - A Andea
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - M Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - C A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
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33
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Porter LH, Lawrence MG, Wang H, Clark AK, Bakshi A, Obinata D, Goode D, Papargiris M, Clouston D, Ryan A, Norden S, Corey E, Nelson PS, Isaacs JT, Grummet J, Kourambas J, Sandhu S, Murphy DG, Pook D, Frydenberg M, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP. Establishing a cryopreservation protocol for patient-derived xenografts of prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1326-1337. [PMID: 31212368 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serially transplantable patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are invaluable preclinical models for studying tumor biology and evaluating therapeutic agents. As these models are challenging to establish from prostate cancer specimens, the ability to preserve them through cryopreservation has several advantages for ongoing research. Despite this, there is still uncertainty about the ability to cryopreserve PDXs of prostate cancer. This study compared three different cryopreservation protocols to identify a method that can be used to reproducibly cryopreserve a diverse cohort of prostate cancer PDX models. METHODS One serially transplantable prostate cancer PDX from the Melbourne Urological Research Alliance cohort was used to compare three cryopreservation protocols: slow freezing in fetal calf serum (FCS) with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), FCS with 10% DMSO supplemented with the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and vitrification. The efficiency of the slow freezing protocols was then assessed in 17 additional prostate cancer PDXs. Following cryopreservation, PDXs were re-established in host mice that were either intact and supplemented with testosterone or castrated. Graft take rate, tumor growth, histological features, and transcriptome profiles before and after cryopreservation were compared. RESULTS Slow freezing maintained the viability and histological features of prostate cancer PDXs, and the addition of a ROCK inhibitor increased their growth following cryopreservation. Using the slow freezing method, we re-established 100% of PDXs grown in either testosterone-supplemented or castrated host mice. Importantly, the long-term tumor growth rate and transcriptome profile were maintained following cryopreservation. CONCLUSION This study has identified a protocol to reliably cryopreserve and re-establish a diverse cohort of serially transplantable PDXs of prostate cancer. This study has the potential to significantly improve the practicality of maintaining PDX models. Cryopreservation may also increase the accessibility of these important resources and provide new opportunities for preclinical studies on a broader spectrum of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Goode
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Papargiris
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria Node, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Ryan
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Norden
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeremy Grummet
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Heath RJ, Bakshi A, Sutton C, Stewart LC, Cohen SN. An 'airy hairy' problem. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:229-231. [PMID: 31140639 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Heath
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - A Bakshi
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - C Sutton
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - L C Stewart
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - S N Cohen
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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Bakshi A, Moin M, Madhav MS, Kirti PB. Target of rapamycin, a master regulator of multiple signalling pathways and a potential candidate gene for crop improvement. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:190-205. [PMID: 30411830 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein regulates growth and development in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. Although the TOR regulatory networks are involved in nutrient and energy signalling, and transcriptional and translational control of multiple signalling pathways, the molecular mechanism of TOR regulation of plant abiotic stress responses is still unclear. The TOR-mediated transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RP) is a necessity under stress conditions for balanced growth and productivity in plants. The activation of SnRKs (sucrose non-fermenting-related kinases) and the inactivation of TOR signalling in abiotic stresses is in line with the accumulation of ABA and transcriptional activation of stress responsive genes. Autophagy is induced under abiotic stress conditions, which results in degradation of proteins and the release of amino acids, which might possibly induce phosphorylation of TOR and, hence, its activation. TOR signalling also has a role in regulating ABA biosynthesis for transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes. The switch between activation and inactivation of TOR by its phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation maintains balanced growth in response to stresses. In the present review, we discuss the important signalling pathways that are regulated by TOR and try to assess the relationship between TOR signalling and tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. The review also discusses possible cross-talk between TOR and RP genes in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakshi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Moin
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M S Madhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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36
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Buchheit K, Altantzis C, Bakshi A, Jordan T, Van Essendelft D. The BubbleTree toolset: CFD-integrated algorithm for Lagrangian tracking and rigorous statistical analysis of bubble motion and gas fluxes for application to 3D fluidized bed simulations. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Bakshi A, Altantzis C, Bershanska A, Stark A, Ghoniem A. On the limitations of 2D CFD for thin-rectangular fluidized bed simulations. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Bakshi A, Panigrahi A. A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:440-447. [PMID: 29854615 PMCID: PMC5977408 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium is considered as one of the most common ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment, but the pure metallic form is absent naturally. There are three oxidation states in case of Chromium viz., Cr (II), Cr (III), Cr (VI). Among which Cr (II) is most unstable. Cr (III) and Cr (VI) are the stable oxidation state of Chromium in the environment. Being one of the commonly used metals Chromium and its particulates enter the aquatic medium through effluents discharged from different industries like textiles, tanneries, electroplating workshops, ore mining, dyeing, printing-photographic and medical industries. Among these, hexavalent chromium is considered as the most toxic form because it readily passes cellular membranes and then reduced to trivalent form. This trivalent chromium combines with several macromolecules including genetic material inside the cytosol, and is ultimately exposes the toxic and mutagenic alterations due of chromium toxicity. Chromium is taken up either through gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract. The amount varies depending upon the medium and the form of chromium. In this review, an attempt has been made to accumulate the mammoth available data regarding impact of chromium on fresh water fishes into a systematic representation. The main objective of the review is to provide a future guideline for the scientific community and public officials involved in health risk assessment and management ensuring a better environmental condition for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bakshi
- Ecotoxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - A.K. Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
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39
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Tropf FC, Lee SH, Verweij RM, Stulp G, van der Most PJ, de Vlaming R, Bakshi A, Briley DA, Rahal C, Hellpap R, Iliadou AN, Esko T, Metspalu A, Medland SE, Martin NG, Barban N, Snieder H, Robinson MR, Mills MC. Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity across seven populations. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:757-765. [PMID: 29051922 PMCID: PMC5642946 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which dominate genetic discovery are based on data from diverse historical time periods and populations. Genetic scores derived from GWAS explain only a fraction of the heritability estimates obtained from whole-genome studies on single populations, known as the ‘hidden heritability’ puzzle. Using seven sampling populations (N=35,062), we test whether hidden heritability is attributed to heterogeneity across sampling populations and time, showing that estimates are substantially smaller from across compared to within populations. We show that the hidden heritability varies substantially: from zero (height), to 20% for BMI, 37% for education, 40% for age at first birth and up to 75% for number of children. Simulations demonstrate that our results more likely reflect heterogeneity in phenotypic measurement or gene-environment interaction than genetic heterogeneity. These findings have substantial implications for genetic discovery, suggesting that large homogenous datasets are required for behavioural phenotypes and that gene-environment interaction may be a central challenge for genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Tropf
- Department of Sociology/Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK.
| | - S Hong Lee
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Renske M Verweij
- Department of Sociology/Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9712 TG, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Stulp
- Department of Sociology/Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9712 TG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel A Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820-9998, USA
| | - Charles Rahal
- Department of Sociology/Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Robert Hellpap
- Department of Sociology/Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Anastasia N Iliadou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Quantitative Genetics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Nicola Barban
- Department of Sociology/Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Department of Sociology/Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK
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Bakshi A, Altantzis C, Glicksman L, Ghoniem A. Gas-flow distribution in bubbling fluidized beds: CFD-based analysis and impact of operating conditions. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Wong JLC, Bakshi A, Stewart LC, Al-Sharqi A. Chronic inflammatory acantholytic dermatosis: a previously under-recognized or emerging variant of Grover disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28636090 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L C Wong
- Dermatology Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Kent Lodge, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3LB, UK
| | - A Bakshi
- Histopathology Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Kent Lodge, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3LB, UK
| | - L C Stewart
- Dermatology Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Kent Lodge, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3LB, UK
| | - A Al-Sharqi
- Dermatology Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Kent Lodge, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3LB, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bakshi
- Dept. of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.Cambridge MA02139
| | - A. F. Ghoniem
- Dept. of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.Cambridge MA02139
| | - C. Altantzis
- Dept. of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.Cambridge MA02139
- National Energy Technology LaboratoryMorgantown WV26507
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43
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Kummali A, Cyriac S, Deepa S, Bakshi A. EP-1518: Various activation foils for photo neutron measurements in medical linac. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lloyd-Jones LR, Holloway A, McRae A, Yang J, Small K, Zhao J, Zeng B, Bakshi A, Metspalu A, Dermitzakis M, Gibson G, Spector T, Montgomery G, Esko T, Visscher PM, Powell JE. The Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:371. [PMID: 28157541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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45
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Kassam I, Lloyd-Jones L, Holloway A, Small KS, Zeng B, Bakshi A, Metspalu A, Gibson G, Spector TD, Esko T, Montgomery GW, Powell JE, Yang J, Visscher PM, McRae AF. Autosomal genetic control of human gene expression does not differ across the sexes. Genome Biol 2016; 17:248. [PMID: 27908293 PMCID: PMC5134098 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their nearly identical genomes, males and females differ in risk, incidence, prevalence, severity and age-at-onset of many diseases. Sexual dimorphism is also seen in human autosomal gene expression, and has largely been explored by examining the contribution of genotype-by-sex interactions to variation in gene expression. RESULTS In this study, we use data from a mixture of pedigree and unrelated individuals with verified European ancestry to investigate the sex-specific genetic architecture of gene expression measured in whole blood across n=1048 males and n=1005 females by treating gene expression intensities in the sexes as two distinct traits and estimating the genetic correlation (r G) between them. These correlations measure the similarity of the combined additive genetic effects of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the autosomal chromosomes, and thus the level of common genetic control of gene expression across the sexes. Genetic correlations are estimated across the sexes for the expression levels of 12,528 autosomal gene expression probes using bivariate GREML, and tested for differences in autosomal genetic control of gene expression across the sexes. Overall, no deviation of the distribution of test statistics is observed from that expected under the null hypothesis of a common autosomal genetic architecture for gene expression across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that males and females share the same common genetic control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfahan Kassam
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Luke Lloyd-Jones
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Holloway
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Biao Zeng
- School of Biology and Centre for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology and Centre for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Okbay A, Baselmans BML, Neve JED, Turley P, Nivard MG, Fontana MA, Meddens SFW, Linnér RK, Rietveld CA, Derringer J, Gratten J, Lee JJ, Liu JZ, de Vlaming R, Ahluwalia TS, Buchwald J, Cavadino A, Frazier-Wood AC, Furlotte NA, Garfield V, Geisel MH, Gonzalez JR, Haitjema S, Karlsson R, van der Laan SW, Ladwig KH, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Lind PA, Liu T, Matteson L, Mihailov E, Miller MB, Minica CC, Nolte IM, Mook-Kanamori D, van der Most PJ, Oldmeadow C, Qian Y, Raitakari O, Rawal R, Realo A, Rueedi R, Schmidt B, Smith AV, Stergiakouli E, Tanaka T, Taylor K, Thorleifsson G, Wedenoja J, Wellmann J, Westra HJ, Willems SM, Zhao W, Amin N, Bakshi A, Bergmann S, Bjornsdottir G, Boyle PA, Cherney S, Cox SR, Davies G, Davis OSP, Ding J, Direk N, Eibich P, Emeny RT, Fatemifar G, Faul JD, Ferrucci L, Forstner AJ, Gieger C, Gupta R, Harris TB, Harris JM, Holliday EG, Hottenga JJ, Jager PLD, Kaakinen MA, Kajantie E, Karhunen V, Kolcic I, Kumari M, Launer LJ, Franke L, Li-Gao R, Liewald DC, Koini M, Loukola A, Marques-Vidal P, Montgomery GW, Mosing MA, Paternoster L, Pattie A, Petrovic KE, Pulkki-Råback L, Quaye L, Räikkönen K, Rudan I, Scott RJ, Smith JA, Sutin AR, Trzaskowski M, Vinkhuyzen AE, Yu L, Zabaneh D, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Berger K, Bertram L, Boomsma DI, Snieder H, Chang SC, Cucca F, Deary IJ, van Duijn CM, Eriksson JG, Bültmann U, de Geus EJC, Groenen PJF, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Hartman CA, Haworth CMA, Hayward C, Heath AC, Hinds DA, Hyppönen E, Iacono WG, Järvelin MR, Jöckel KH, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kraft P, Kubzansky LD, Lehtimäki T, Magnusson PKE, Martin NG, McGue M, Metspalu A, Mills M, de Mutsert R, Oldehinkel AJ, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen NL, Plomin R, Polasek O, Power C, Rich SS, Rosendaal FR, den Ruijter HM, Schlessinger D, Schmidt H, Svento R, Schmidt R, Alizadeh BZ, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Starr JM, Stefansson K, Steptoe A, Terracciano A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Vollenweider P, Wagner GG, Weir DR, Yang J, Conley DC, Smith GD, Hofman A, Johannesson M, Laibson DI, Medland SE, Meyer MN, Pickrell JK, Esko T, Krueger RF, Beauchamp JP, Koellinger PD, Benjamin DJ, Bartels M, Cesarini D. Corrigendum: Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nat Genet 2016; 48:970. [PMID: 27463399 DOI: 10.1038/ng0816-970c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Jayasekera
- Department of dermatology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Bakshi
- Department of histopathology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Al-Sharqi
- Department of dermatology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
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48
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Okbay A, Baselmans BML, De Neve JE, Turley P, Nivard MG, Fontana MA, Meddens SFW, Linnér RK, Rietveld CA, Derringer J, Gratten J, Lee JJ, Liu JZ, de Vlaming R, Ahluwalia TS, Buchwald J, Cavadino A, Frazier-Wood AC, Furlotte NA, Garfield V, Geisel MH, Gonzalez JR, Haitjema S, Karlsson R, van der Laan SW, Ladwig KH, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Lind PA, Liu T, Matteson L, Mihailov E, Miller MB, Minica CC, Nolte IM, Mook-Kanamori D, van der Most PJ, Oldmeadow C, Qian Y, Raitakari O, Rawal R, Realo A, Rueedi R, Schmidt B, Smith AV, Stergiakouli E, Tanaka T, Taylor K, Thorleifsson G, Wedenoja J, Wellmann J, Westra HJ, Willems SM, Zhao W, Amin N, Bakshi A, Bergmann S, Bjornsdottir G, Boyle PA, Cherney S, Cox SR, Davies G, Davis OSP, Ding J, Direk N, Eibich P, Emeny RT, Fatemifar G, Faul JD, Ferrucci L, Forstner AJ, Gieger C, Gupta R, Harris TB, Harris JM, Holliday EG, Hottenga JJ, De Jager PL, Kaakinen MA, Kajantie E, Karhunen V, Kolcic I, Kumari M, Launer LJ, Franke L, Li-Gao R, Liewald DC, Koini M, Loukola A, Marques-Vidal P, Montgomery GW, Mosing MA, Paternoster L, Pattie A, Petrovic KE, Pulkki-Råback L, Quaye L, Räikkönen K, Rudan I, Scott RJ, Smith JA, Sutin AR, Trzaskowski M, Vinkhuyzen AE, Yu L, Zabaneh D, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Berger K, Bertram L, Boomsma DI, Snieder H, Chang SC, Cucca F, Deary IJ, van Duijn CM, Eriksson JG, Bültmann U, de Geus EJC, Groenen PJF, Gudnason V, Hansen T, Hartman CA, Haworth CMA, Hayward C, Heath AC, Hinds DA, Hyppönen E, Iacono WG, Järvelin MR, Jöckel KH, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kraft P, Kubzansky LD, Lehtimäki T, Magnusson PKE, Martin NG, McGue M, Metspalu A, Mills M, de Mutsert R, Oldehinkel AJ, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen NL, Plomin R, Polasek O, Power C, Rich SS, Rosendaal FR, den Ruijter HM, Schlessinger D, Schmidt H, Svento R, Schmidt R, Alizadeh BZ, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Starr JM, Stefansson K, Steptoe A, Terracciano A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Vollenweider P, Wagner GG, Weir DR, Yang J, Conley DC, Smith GD, Hofman A, Johannesson M, Laibson DI, Medland SE, Meyer MN, Pickrell JK, Esko T, Krueger RF, Beauchamp JP, Koellinger PD, Benjamin DJ, Bartels M, Cesarini D. Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nat Genet 2016; 48:624-33. [PMID: 27089181 PMCID: PMC4884152 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (|ρ^| ≈ 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Okbay
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart M L Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Turley
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Alan Fontana
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Fleur W Meddens
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Karlsson Linnér
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaime Derringer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jimmy Z Liu
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- COPSAC (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jadwiga Buchwald
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Victoria Garfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Henrike Geisel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juan R Gonzalez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsingfors, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay Matteson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Michael B Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Camelia C Minica
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- BESC, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yong Qian
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kent Taylor
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA, Torrence, California, USA
| | | | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juergen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Patricia A Boyle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oliver S P Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nese Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Eibich
- German Socio-Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca T Emeny
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Mental Health Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Fatemifar
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juliette M Harris
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anu Loukola
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miriam A Mosing
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katja E Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Information-Based Medicine Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Maciej Trzaskowski
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Anna E Vinkhuyzen
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - John R Attia
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institute of Neurogenetics and Institute of Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitarià di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J F Groenen
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharine A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Elina Hyppönen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department for Health, THL (National Institute for Health and Welfare), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Melinda Mills
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division of Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Christine Power
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rauli Svento
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - A Roy Thurik
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
- Panteia, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gert G Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- German Socio-Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- School of Economics and Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dalton C Conley
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David I Laibson
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle N Meyer
- Department of Bioethics, Clarkson University, Schenectady, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph K Pickrell
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Philipp D Koellinger
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Benjamin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Cesarini
- Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
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Okbay A, Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA, Lee JJ, Pers TH, Rietveld CA, Turley P, Chen GB, Emilsson V, Meddens SFW, Oskarsson S, Pickrell JK, Thom K, Timshel P, de Vlaming R, Abdellaoui A, Ahluwalia TS, Bacelis J, Baumbach C, Bjornsdottir G, Brandsma JH, Pina Concas M, Derringer J, Furlotte NA, Galesloot TE, Girotto G, Gupta R, Hall LM, Harris SE, Hofer E, Horikoshi M, Huffman JE, Kaasik K, Kalafati IP, Karlsson R, Kong A, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, deLeeuw C, Lind PA, Lindgren KO, Liu T, Mangino M, Marten J, Mihailov E, Miller MB, van der Most PJ, Oldmeadow C, Payton A, Pervjakova N, Peyrot WJ, Qian Y, Raitakari O, Rueedi R, Salvi E, Schmidt B, Schraut KE, Shi J, Smith AV, Poot RA, St Pourcain B, Teumer A, Thorleifsson G, Verweij N, Vuckovic D, Wellmann J, Westra HJ, Yang J, Zhao W, Zhu Z, Alizadeh BZ, Amin N, Bakshi A, Baumeister SE, Biino G, Bønnelykke K, Boyle PA, Campbell H, Cappuccio FP, Davies G, De Neve JE, Deloukas P, Demuth I, Ding J, Eibich P, Eisele L, Eklund N, Evans DM, Faul JD, Feitosa MF, Forstner AJ, Gandin I, Gunnarsson B, Halldórsson BV, Harris TB, Heath AC, Hocking LJ, Holliday EG, Homuth G, Horan MA, Hottenga JJ, de Jager PL, Joshi PK, Jugessur A, Kaakinen MA, Kähönen M, Kanoni S, Keltigangas-Järvinen L, Kiemeney LALM, Kolcic I, Koskinen S, Kraja AT, Kroh M, Kutalik Z, Latvala A, Launer LJ, Lebreton MP, Levinson DF, Lichtenstein P, Lichtner P, Liewald DCM, Loukola A, Madden PA, Mägi R, Mäki-Opas T, Marioni RE, Marques-Vidal P, Meddens GA, McMahon G, Meisinger C, Meitinger T, Milaneschi Y, Milani L, Montgomery GW, Myhre R, Nelson CP, Nyholt DR, Ollier WER, Palotie A, Paternoster L, Pedersen NL, Petrovic KE, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Ring SM, Robino A, Rostapshova O, Rudan I, Rustichini A, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Sarin AP, Schmidt H, Scott RJ, Smith BH, Smith JA, Staessen JA, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Strauch K, Terracciano A, Tobin MD, Ulivi S, Vaccargiu S, Quaye L, van Rooij FJA, Venturini C, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Völker U, Völzke H, Vonk JM, Vozzi D, Waage J, Ware EB, Willemsen G, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Berger K, Bertram L, Bisgaard H, Boomsma DI, Borecki IB, Bültmann U, Chabris CF, Cucca F, Cusi D, Deary IJ, Dedoussis GV, van Duijn CM, Eriksson JG, Franke B, Franke L, Gasparini P, Gejman PV, Gieger C, Grabe HJ, Gratten J, Groenen PJF, Gudnason V, van der Harst P, Hayward C, Hinds DA, Hoffmann W, Hyppönen E, Iacono WG, Jacobsson B, Järvelin MR, Jöckel KH, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Lehtimäki T, Lehrer SF, Magnusson PKE, Martin NG, McGue M, Metspalu A, Pendleton N, Penninx BWJH, Perola M, Pirastu N, Pirastu M, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Power C, Province MA, Samani NJ, Schlessinger D, Schmidt R, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Tiemeier H, Tung JY, Uitterlinden AG, Vitart V, Vollenweider P, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Conley DC, Krueger RF, Davey Smith G, Hofman A, Laibson DI, Medland SE, Meyer MN, Yang J, Johannesson M, Visscher PM, Esko T, Koellinger PD, Cesarini D, Benjamin DJ. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature 2016; 533:539-42. [PMID: 27225129 PMCID: PMC4883595 DOI: 10.1038/nature17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Okbay
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Beauchamp
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mark Alan Fontana
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-3332, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 2116, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Turley
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Guo-Bo Chen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland
| | - S Fleur W Meddens
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 TV, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Oskarsson
- Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | | | - Kevin Thom
- Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
| | - Pascal Timshel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2820, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte 2820, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden
| | - Clemens Baumbach
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - Johannes H Brandsma
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica U.O.S. di Sassari, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Jaime Derringer
- Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | | | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leanne M Hall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology &Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kadri Kaasik
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ioanna P Kalafati
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | | | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00014 Helsingfors, Finland
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan deLeeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6525 EC, The Netherlands
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Tian Liu
- Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Michael B Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Human Communication and Deafness, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Natalia Pervjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wouter J Peyrot
- Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center &GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Qian
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department Of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano 20142, Italy
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9780, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Dragana Vuckovic
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Juergen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sebastian E Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2820, Denmark
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | | | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilja Demuth
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Berlin 13347, Germany
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Peter Eibich
- German Socio- Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Niina Eklund
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | | | - Bjarni V Halldórsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9205, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Michael A Horan
- Manchester Medical School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Philip L de Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology &Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Public Health, Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Martin Kroh
- German Socio- Economic Panel Study, DIW Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9205, USA
| | - Maël P Lebreton
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 TV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 XA, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5797, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | | | - Anu Loukola
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Tomi Mäki-Opas
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | | | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Yusplitri Milaneschi
- Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center &GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ronny Myhre
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - William E R Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Psychiatric &Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Katja E Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00014 Helsingfors, Finland
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Olga Rostapshova
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Social Impact, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Aldo Rustichini
- Department of Economics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3137, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, General Hospital and Medical University, Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
- Information Based Medicine Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Blair H Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 EV, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Berlin 13347, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica U.O.S. di Sassari, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anna A E Vinkhuyzen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Vozzi
- Social Impact, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA
| | - Johannes Waage
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2820, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte 2820, Denmark
| | - Erin B Ware
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - John R Attia
- Public Health Stream, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Klaus Berger
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Bertram
- Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics &Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2820, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community &Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari 9042, Italy
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Department Of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano 20142, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Segrate (Milano) 20090, Italy
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00014 Helsingfors, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste 34100, Italy
- Sidra, Experimental Genetics Division, Sidra, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3137, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund 18437, Germany
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Patrick J F Groenen
- Econometric Institute, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
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- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden
- Department of Genes and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment &Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90029 Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Steven F Lehrer
- Economics, NYU Shanghai, 200122 Pudong, China
- Policy Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research in Ageing, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center &GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Department of Health, THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica U.O.S. di Sassari, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Michael A Province
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63018, USA
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital and Medical University Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Institute of Preventive Medicine. Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - A Roy Thurik
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Montpellier Business School, Montpellier 34080, France
- Panteia, Zoetermeer, 2715 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, California 94041, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, The Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Dalton C Conley
- Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - David I Laibson
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Michelle N Meyer
- Bioethics Program, Union Graduate College - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Schenectady, New York 12308, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm 113 83, Sweden
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 2116, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Philipp D Koellinger
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, 3062 PA, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 TV, The Netherlands
| | - David Cesarini
- Department of Economics, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA
- Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm 10215, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Benjamin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-3332, USA
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Mehta D, Tropf FC, Gratten J, Bakshi A, Zhu Z, Bacanu SA, Hemani G, Magnusson PKE, Barban N, Esko T, Metspalu A, Snieder H, Mowry BJ, Kendler KS, Yang J, Visscher PM, McGrath JJ, Mills MC, Wray NR, Hong Lee S, Bruggeman R, Buxbaum JD, Cairns MJ, Cantor RM, Cloninger CR, Cohen D, Crespo-Facorro B, Darvasi A, DeLisi LE, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Escott-Price V, Freimer NB, Georgieva L, de Haan L, Henskens FA, Joa I, Julià A, Khrunin A, Lerer B, Limborska S, Loughland CM, Macek M, Magnusson PKE, Marsal S, McCarley RW, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Melegh B, Michie PT, Morris DW, Murphy KC, Myin-Germeys I, Olincy A, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Posthuma D, Quested D, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Toncheva D, Tooney PA, Waddington J, Weinberger DR, Weiser M, Wu JQ. Evidence for Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Age at First Birth in Women. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:497-505. [PMID: 27007234 PMCID: PMC5785705 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A recently published study of national data by McGrath et al in 2014 showed increased risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) in offspring associated with both early and delayed parental age, consistent with a U-shaped relationship. However, it remains unclear if the risk to the child is due to psychosocial factors associated with parental age or if those at higher risk for SCZ tend to have children at an earlier or later age. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a genetic association between SCZ and age at first birth (AFB) using genetically informative but independently ascertained data sets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation used multiple independent genome-wide association study data sets. The SCZ sample comprised 18 957 SCZ cases and 22 673 controls in a genome-wide association study from the second phase of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and the AFB sample comprised 12 247 genotyped women measured for AFB from the following 4 community cohorts: Estonia (Estonian Genome Center Biobank, University of Tartu), the Netherlands (LifeLines Cohort Study), Sweden (Swedish Twin Registry), and the United Kingdom (TwinsUK). Schizophrenia genetic risk for each woman in the AFB community sample was estimated using genetic effects inferred from the SCZ genome-wide association study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We tested if SCZ genetic risk was a significant predictor of response variables based on published polynomial functions that described the relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring in Denmark. We substituted AFB for maternal age in these functions, one of which was corrected for the age of the father, and found that the fit was superior for the model without adjustment for the father's age. RESULTS We observed a U-shaped relationship between SCZ risk and AFB in the community cohorts, consistent with the previously reported relationship between SCZ risk in offspring and maternal age when not adjusted for the age of the father. We confirmed that SCZ risk profile scores significantly predicted the response variables (coefficient of determination R2 = 1.1E-03, P = 4.1E-04), reflecting the published relationship between maternal age and SCZ risk in offspring by McGrath et al in 2014. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides evidence for a significant overlap between genetic factors associated with risk of SCZ and genetic factors associated with AFB. It has been reported that SCZ risk associated with increased maternal age is explained by the age of the father and that de novo mutations that occur more frequently in the germline of older men are the underlying causal mechanism. This explanation may need to be revised if, as suggested herein and if replicated in future studies, there is also increased genetic risk of SCZ in older mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Department of Sociology/ICS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Gratten
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Barban
- Nuffield College and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bryan J Mowry
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Nuffield College and Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Naomi R Wray
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Hong Lee
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,School of Environmental and Rural Science, The University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - LifeLines Cohort Study
- LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Human Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York18Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York19Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Murray J Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie University, and Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- CIBERSAM, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, Santander, Spain28 Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia30VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway33Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland35Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lyudmila Georgieva
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A Henskens
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia39School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia40Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Inge Joa
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrey Khrunin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmel M Loughland
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, Massachusetts47Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland49Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary52Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Patricia T Michie
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia53School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland35Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - Jim Van Os
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England58Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia59Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands61Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center
| | - Digby Quested
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia22Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia64Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts65Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paul A Tooney
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia67Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle
| | - John Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland70Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland71Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland72
| | | | - Jing Qin Wu
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia23School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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