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Chiaverini L, Macdonald DW, Hearn AJ, Kaszta Ż, Ash E, Bothwell HM, Can ÖE, Channa P, Clements GR, Haidir IA, Kyaw PP, Moore JH, Rasphone A, Tan CKW, Cushman SA. Not seeing the forest for the trees: Generalised linear model out-performs random forest in species distribution modelling for Southeast Asian felids. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Macdonald DW, Bothwell HM, Kaszta Ż, Ash E, Bolongon G, Burnham D, Can ÖE, Campos‐Arceiz A, Channa P, Clements GR, Hearn AJ, Hedges L, Htun S, Kamler JF, Kawanishi K, Macdonald EA, Mohamad SW, Moore J, Naing H, Onuma M, Penjor U, Rasphone A, Mark Rayan D, Ross J, Singh P, Tan CKW, Wadey J, Yadav BP, Cushman SA. Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (
Neofelis nebulosa
). DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Mathai J, Niedballa J, Radchuk V, Sollmann R, Heckmann I, Brodie J, Struebig M, Hearn AJ, Ross J, Macdonald DW, Hon J, Wilting A. Identifying refuges for Borneo's elusive Hose's civet. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Macdonald EA, Cushman SA, Landguth EL, Hearn AJ, Malhi Y, Macdonald DW. Simulating impacts of rapid forest loss on population size, connectivity and genetic diversity of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) in Borneo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196974. [PMID: 30208031 PMCID: PMC6135353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss is the greatest threat to biodiversity in Borneo, and to anticipate and combat its effects it is important to predict the pattern of loss and its consequences. Borneo is a region of extremely high biodiversity from which forest is being lost faster than in any other. The little-known Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) is the top predator in Borneo and is likely to depend critically on habitat connectivity that is currently being rapidly lost to deforestation. We modeled the effects of landscape fragmentation on population size, genetic diversity and population connectivity for the Sunda clouded leopard across the entirety of Borneo. We modelled the impacts of land use change between the years 2000, 2010 and projected forwards to 2020. We found substantial reductions across all metrics between 2000 and 2010: the proportion of landscape connected by dispersal fell by approximately 12.5% and the largest patch size declined by around 15.1%, leading to a predicted 11.4% decline in clouded leopard numbers. We also predict that these trends will accelerate greatly towards 2020, with the percentage of the landscape being connected by dispersal falling by about 57.8%, the largest patch size falling by around 62.8% and the predicted clouded leopard population falling by 62.5% between 2010 and 2020. We predicted that these large declines in clouded leopard population size and connectivity will also substantially reduce the genetic diversity of the remaining clouded leopard population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Macdonald
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erin L. Landguth
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Hearn
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney, Abingdon, United Kingdom
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Hearn AJ, Cushman SA, Ross J, Goossens B, Hunter LTB, Macdonald DW. Spatio-temporal ecology of sympatric felids on Borneo. Evidence for resource partitioning? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200828. [PMID: 30028844 PMCID: PMC6054408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Niche differentiation, the partitioning of resources along one or more axes of a species' niche hyper-volume, is widely recognised as an important mechanism for sympatric species to reduce interspecific competition and predation risk, and thus facilitate co-existence. Resource partitioning may be facilitated by behavioural differentiation along three main niche dimensions: habitat, food and time. In this study, we investigate the extent to which these mechanisms can explain the coexistence of an assemblage of five sympatric felids in Borneo. Using multi-scale logistic regression, we show that Bornean felids exhibit differences in both their broad and fine-scale habitat use. We calculate temporal activity patterns and overlap between these species, and present evidence for temporal separation within this felid guild. Lastly, we conducted an all-subsets logistic regression to predict the occurrence of each felid species as a function of the co-occurrence of a large number of other species and showed that Bornean felids co-occurred with a range of other species, some of which could be candidate prey. Our study reveals apparent resource partitioning within the Bornean felid assemblage, operating along all three niche dimension axes. These results provide new insights into the ecology of these species and the broader community in which they live and also provide important information for conservation planning for this guild of predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Hearn
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joanna Ross
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Nájera F, Hearn AJ, Ross J, Ramírez Saldivar DA, Evans MN, Guerrero-Sánchez S, Nathan SKSS, DE Gaspar Simón I, Macdonald DW, Goossens B, Revuelta Rueda L. Chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) with two anesthetic protocols: medetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1892-1898. [PMID: 28904261 PMCID: PMC5709571 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no available information regarding the veterinary management of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi), either in captivity or in the wild. In this study, 12 Sunda clouded leopards were
anesthetized between January 2008 and February 2014 for medical exams, and/or GPS-collaring. Seven wild-caught individuals were kept in captivity and 5 free-ranging animals were captured by cage traps. Two anesthesia combinations
were used: medetomidine-ketamine (M-K) or tiletamine-zolazepam (T-Z). Atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg im) was used as an antagonist for medetomidine. Medetomidine (range: 0.039–0.054 mg/kg) and ketamine (range: 3–4.39 mg/kg) were
administered during 5 immobilizations, resulting in median induction times of 7 min. After a median anesthesia time of 56 min, atipamezole was injected, observing effects of antagonism at a median time of 12 min. T-Z (range:
6.8–10.8 mg/kg) was administered on 7 occasions. Median induction times observed with this combination were shorter than with M-K (4 min vs 7 min; P=0.04), and anesthesia and recovery times were significantly
longer (244 and 35 min vs 56 and 16 min, respectively; P=0.02). Lower heart rates were measured in the M-K group, while lower rectal temperatures were found in the T-Z group. Both combinations resulted in safe and
reliable immobilizations, although given the favorable anesthesia and recovery times of M-K, we recommend this approach over T-Z for the veterinary handling of Sunda clouded leopards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Nájera
- The Bornean Wild Cats Veterinary Project, Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary College, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13 5QL, U.K.,Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andrew J Hearn
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13 5QL, U.K
| | - Joanna Ross
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13 5QL, U.K
| | - Diana A Ramírez Saldivar
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Meaghan N Evans
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, U.K
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Sánchez
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, U.K
| | | | - Ignacio DE Gaspar Simón
- The Bornean Wild Cats Veterinary Project, Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary College, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David W Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13 5QL, U.K
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, U.K
| | - Luis Revuelta Rueda
- The Bornean Wild Cats Veterinary Project, Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary College, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Hearn AJ, Ross J, Bernard H, Bakar SA, Hunter LTB, Macdonald DW. The First Estimates of Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata Population Density from Bornean Primary and Selectively Logged Forest. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151046. [PMID: 27007219 PMCID: PMC4805203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata is a poorly known wild cat that has a broad distribution across much of the Indomalayan ecorealm. This felid is thought to exist at low population densities throughout its range, yet no estimates of its abundance exist, hampering assessment of its conservation status. To investigate the distribution and abundance of marbled cats we conducted intensive, felid-focused camera trap surveys of eight forest areas and two oil palm plantations in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Study sites were broadly representative of the range of habitat types and the gradient of anthropogenic disturbance and fragmentation present in contemporary Sabah. We recorded marbled cats from all forest study areas apart from a small, relatively isolated forest patch, although photographic detection frequency varied greatly between areas. No marbled cats were recorded within the plantations, but a single individual was recorded walking along the forest/plantation boundary. We collected sufficient numbers of marbled cat photographic captures at three study areas to permit density estimation based on spatially explicit capture-recapture analyses. Estimates of population density from the primary, lowland Danum Valley Conservation Area and primary upland, Tawau Hills Park, were 19.57 (SD: 8.36) and 7.10 (SD: 1.90) individuals per 100 km2, respectively, and the selectively logged, lowland Tabin Wildlife Reserve yielded an estimated density of 10.45 (SD: 3.38) individuals per 100 km2. The low detection frequencies recorded in our other survey sites and from published studies elsewhere in its range, and the absence of previous density estimates for this felid suggest that our density estimates may be from the higher end of their abundance spectrum. We provide recommendations for future marbled cat survey approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Hearn
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Ross
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kramer-Schadt S, Niedballa J, Pilgrim JD, Schröder B, Lindenborn J, Reinfelder V, Stillfried M, Heckmann I, Scharf AK, Augeri DM, Cheyne SM, Hearn AJ, Ross J, Macdonald DW, Mathai J, Eaton J, Marshall AJ, Semiadi G, Rustam R, Bernard H, Alfred R, Samejima H, Duckworth JW, Breitenmoser-Wuersten C, Belant JL, Hofer H, Wilting A. The importance of correcting for sampling bias in MaxEnt species distribution models. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Jürgen Niedballa
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - John D. Pilgrim
- The Biodiversity Consultancy; 3E King's Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ UK
| | - Boris Schröder
- Environmental Modelling Group; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Landscape Ecology; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Technische Universität München; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Jana Lindenborn
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Vanessa Reinfelder
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Milena Stillfried
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Ilja Heckmann
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Anne K. Scharf
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Dave M. Augeri
- College of Natural Resources; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
- Craighead Institute; Bozeman MT USA
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Oxford University; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QB UK
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project; Jalan Semeru No. 91, Bukit Hindu Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | - Andrew J. Hearn
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Oxford University; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QB UK
| | - Joanna Ross
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Oxford University; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QB UK
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Oxford University; The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QB UK
| | - John Mathai
- Wildlife Conservation Society Malaysia Program; 7 Jalan Ridgeway 93200 Kuching Malaysia
| | - James Eaton
- A-3A-5, Casa Indah I, Persiaran Surian Petaling Jaya 47410 Malaysia
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616-8522 USA
| | - Gono Semiadi
- Puslit Biologi LIPI; Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Rustam Rustam
- Faculty of Forestry; Mulawarman University; Samarinda 75123 East Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Raymond Alfred
- Borneo Conservation Trust; 5th Floor, Block B, Wisma MUIS 88100 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Mississippi State University; Box 9690 MS Mississippi 39762 USA
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Wilting
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17 10315 Berlin Germany
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Wilting A, Cord A, Hearn AJ, Hesse D, Mohamed A, Traeholdt C, Cheyne SM, Sunarto S, Jayasilan MA, Ross J, Shapiro AC, Sebastian A, Dech S, Breitenmoser C, Sanderson J, Duckworth JW, Hofer H. Modelling the species distribution of flat-headed cats (Prionailurus planiceps), an endangered South-East Asian small felid. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9612. [PMID: 20305809 PMCID: PMC2840020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps) is one of the world's least known, highly threatened felids with a distribution restricted to tropical lowland rainforests in Peninsular Thailand/Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. Throughout its geographic range large-scale anthropogenic transformation processes, including the pollution of fresh-water river systems and landscape fragmentation, raise concerns regarding its conservation status. Despite an increasing number of camera-trapping field surveys for carnivores in South-East Asia during the past two decades, few of these studies recorded the flat-headed cat. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we designed a predictive species distribution model using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm to reassess the potential current distribution and conservation status of the flat-headed cat. Eighty-eight independent species occurrence records were gathered from field surveys, literature records, and museum collections. These current and historical records were analysed in relation to bioclimatic variables (WorldClim), altitude (SRTM) and minimum distance to larger water resources (Digital Chart of the World). Distance to water was identified as the key predictor for the occurrence of flat-headed cats (>50% explanation). In addition, we used different land cover maps (GLC2000, GlobCover and SarVision LLC for Borneo), information on protected areas and regional human population density data to extract suitable habitats from the potential distribution predicted by the MaxEnt model. Between 54% and 68% of suitable habitat has already been converted to unsuitable land cover types (e.g. croplands, plantations), and only between 10% and 20% of suitable land cover is categorised as fully protected according to the IUCN criteria. The remaining habitats are highly fragmented and only a few larger forest patches remain. Conclusion/Significance Based on our findings, we recommend that future conservation efforts for the flat-headed cat should focus on the identified remaining key localities and be implemented through a continuous dialogue between local stakeholders, conservationists and scientists to ensure its long-term survival. The flat-headed cat can serve as a flagship species for the protection of several other endangered species associated with the threatened tropical lowland forests and surface fresh-water sources in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wilting
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
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