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Watson FN, Shears MJ, Kalata AC, Duncombe CJ, Seilie AM, Chavtur C, Conrad E, Cruz Talavera I, Raappana A, Sather DN, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Tsuji M, Murphy SC. Ultra-low volume intradermal administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoites with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 completely protects mice against malaria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2881. [PMID: 38311678 PMCID: PMC10838921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines can completely prevent blood stage Plasmodium infection by inducing liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells to target parasites in the liver. Such T cells can be induced by 'Prime-and-trap' vaccination, which here combines DNA priming against the P. yoelii circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with a subsequent intravenous (IV) dose of liver-homing RAS to "trap" the activated and expanding T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap confers durable protection in mice, and efforts are underway to translate this vaccine strategy to the clinic. However, it is unclear whether the RAS trapping dose must be strictly administered by the IV route. Here we show that intradermal (ID) RAS administration can be as effective as IV administration if RAS are co-administrated with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 in an ultra-low inoculation volume. In mice, the co-administration of RAS and 7DW8-5 in ultra-low ID volumes (2.5 µL) was completely protective and dose sparing compared to standard volumes (10-50 µL) and induced protective levels of CSP-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver. Our finding that adjuvants and ultra-low volumes are required for ID RAS efficacy may explain why prior reports about higher volumes of unadjuvanted ID RAS proved less effective than IV RAS. The ID route may offer significant translational advantages over the IV route and could improve sporozoite vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia N Watson
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anya C Kalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Caroline J Duncombe
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A Mariko Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chris Chavtur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ethan Conrad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Irene Cruz Talavera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - B Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephen L Hoffman
- Sanaria Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite A209, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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2
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Watson FN, Shears MJ, Kalata AC, Duncombe CJ, Seilie AM, Chavtur C, Conrad E, Talavera IC, Raappana A, Sather DN, Chakravarty S, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Tsuji M, Murphy SC. Ultra-low volume intradermal administration of radiation-attenuated sporozoites with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 completely protects mice against malaria. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3243319. [PMID: 37609210 PMCID: PMC10441511 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3243319/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and was responsible for over 247 million infections and 619,000 deaths in 2021. Radiation-attenuated sporozoite (RAS) vaccines can completely prevent blood stage infection by inducing protective liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Such T cells can be induced by 'prime-and-trap' vaccination, which here combines DNA priming against the P. yoelii circumsporozoite protein (CSP) with a subsequent intravenous (IV) dose of liver-homing RAS to "trap" the activated and expanding T cells in the liver. Prime-and-trap confers durable protection in mice, and efforts are underway to translate this vaccine strategy to the clinic. However, it is unclear whether the RAS trapping dose must be strictly administered by the IV route. Here we show that intradermal (ID) RAS administration can be as effective as IV administration if RAS are co-administrated with the glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 in an ultra-low inoculation volume. In mice, the co-administration of RAS and 7DW8-5 in ultra-low ID volumes (2.5 μL) was completely protective and dose sparing compared to standard volumes (10-50 μL) and induced protective levels of CSP-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver. Our finding that adjuvants and ultra-low volumes are required for ID RAS efficacy may explain why prior reports about higher volumes of unadjuvanted ID RAS proved less effective. The ID route may offer significant translational advantages over the IV route and could improve sporozoite vaccine development.
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Vigdorovich V, Patel H, Watson A, Raappana A, Reynolds L, Selman W, Beeman S, Edlefsen PT, Kappe SHI, Sather DN. Coimmunization with Preerythrocytic Antigens alongside Circumsporozoite Protein Can Enhance Sterile Protection against Plasmodium Sporozoite Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0379122. [PMID: 36847573 PMCID: PMC10100930 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03791-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites have a complex life cycle and present numerous antigen targets that may contribute to protective immune responses. The currently recommended vaccine-RTS,S-functions by targeting the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), which is the most abundant surface protein of the sporozoite form responsible for initiating infection of the human host. Despite showing only moderate efficacy, RTS,S has established a strong foundation for the development of next-generation subunit vaccines. Our previous work characterizing the sporozoite surface proteome identified additional non-CSP antigens that may be useful as immunogens individually or in combination with CSP. In this study, we examined eight such antigens using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii as a model system. We demonstrate that despite conferring weak protection individually, coimmunizing each of several of these antigens alongside CSP could significantly enhance the sterile protection achieved by CSP immunization alone. Thus, our work provides compelling evidence that a multiantigen preerythrocytic vaccine approach may enhance protection compared to CSP-only vaccines. This lays the groundwork for further studies aimed at testing the identified antigen combinations in human vaccination trials that assess efficacy with controlled human malaria infection. IMPORTANCE The currently approved malaria vaccine targets a single parasite protein (CSP) and results in only partial protection. We tested several additional vaccine targets in combination with CSP to identify those that could enhance protection from infection upon challenge in the mouse malaria model. In identifying several such enhancing vaccine targets, our work indicates that a multiprotein immunization approach may be a promising avenue to achieving higher levels of protection from infection. Our work identified several candidate leads for follow-up in the models relevant for human malaria and provides an experimental framework for efficiently carrying out such screens for other combinations of vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hardik Patel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Watson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Selman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzannah Beeman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Visweswaran GRR, Vijayan K, Chandrasekaran R, Trakhimets O, Brown SL, Vigdorovich V, Yang A, Raappana A, Watson A, Selman W, Zuck M, Dambrauskas N, Kaushansky A, Sather DN. Germinal center activity and B cell maturation are associated with protective antibody responses against Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010671. [PMID: 35793394 PMCID: PMC9292112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, at the asymptomatic pre-erythrocytic stage would abrogate disease pathology and prevent transmission. However, the lack of well-defined features within vaccine-elicited antibody responses that correlate with protection represents a major roadblock to improving on current generation vaccines. We vaccinated mice (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) with Py circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the major surface antigen on the sporozoite, and evaluated vaccine-elicited humoral immunity and identified immunological factors associated with protection after mosquito bite challenge. Vaccination achieved 60% sterile protection and otherwise delayed blood stage patency in BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, all C57BL/6J mice were infected similar to controls. Protection was mediated by antibodies and could be passively transferred from immunized BALB/cJ mice into naïve C57BL/6J. Dissection of the underlying immunological features of protection revealed early deficits in antibody titers and polyclonal avidity in C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, PyCSP-vaccination in BALB/cJ induced a significantly higher proportion of antigen-specific B-cells and class-switched memory B-cell (MBCs) populations than in C57BL/6J mice. Strikingly, C57BL/6J mice also had markedly fewer CSP-specific germinal center experienced B cells and class-switched MBCs compared to BALB/cJ mice. Analysis of the IgG γ chain repertoires by next generation sequencing in PyCSP-specific memory B-cell repertoires also revealed higher somatic hypermutation rates in BALB/cJ mice than in C57BL/6J mice. These findings indicate that the development of protective antibody responses in BALB/cJ mice in response to vaccination with PyCSP was associated with increased germinal center activity and somatic mutation compared to C57BL/6J mice, highlighting the key role B cell maturation may have in the development of vaccine-elicited protective antibodies against CSP. Identifying specific features of vaccine-elicited antibody responses that are associated with protection from malaria infection is a key step toward the development of a safe and effective vaccine. Here we compared antibody and B cell responses in two mouse strains that exhibited a differential ability to generate antibodies that protect from infection challenge. We found that protection was due to the presence of vaccine-elicited antibodies and could be transferred between strains, and that the ability of antibodies to neutralize the parasite was directly linked to the strength (affinity) with which it binds CSP. Thus, we sought to understand if there were differences in the two strains in the process of B cell maturation that leads to generation of high affinity, protective antibody responses after vaccination. Overall, our comparative analysis indicates that germinal center (GC) activity, a key process in B cell maturation, was significantly diminished in the non-protected strain. Further, we observed evidence of higher levels of somatic mutation, which is a result of germinal center activity, in protected mice. Thus, our results indicate that the ability to generate protective antibody responses was linked to enhanced B cell maturation in the protected strain, providing a key clue to the type of responses that should be generated by future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashton Yang
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Alex Watson
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - William Selman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meghan Zuck
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Brotman Baty Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- * E-mail: (AK); (DNS)
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- * E-mail: (AK); (DNS)
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5
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Wilder BK, Vigdorovich V, Carbonetti S, Minkah N, Hertoghs N, Raappana A, Cardamone H, Oliver BG, Trakhimets O, Kumar S, Dambrauskas N, Arredondo SA, Camargo N, Seilie AM, Murphy SC, Kappe SHI, Sather DN. Anti-TRAP/SSP2 monoclonal antibodies can inhibit sporozoite infection and may enhance protection of anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:58. [PMID: 35618791 PMCID: PMC9135708 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced sterilizing protection from infection by Plasmodium parasites, the pathogens that cause malaria, will be essential in the fight against malaria as it would prevent both malaria-related disease and transmission. Stopping the relatively small number of parasites injected by the mosquito before they can migrate from the skin to the liver is an attractive means to this goal. Antibody-eliciting vaccines have been used to pursue this objective by targeting the major parasite surface protein present during this stage, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP). While CSP-based vaccines have recently had encouraging success in disease reduction, this was only achieved with extremely high antibody titers and appeared less effective for a complete block of infection (i.e., sterile protection). While such disease reduction is important, these and other results indicate that strategies focusing on CSP alone may not achieve the high levels of sterile protection needed for malaria eradication. Here, we show that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing another sporozoite protein, TRAP/SSP2, exhibit a range of inhibitory activity and that these mAbs may augment CSP-based protection despite conferring no sterile protection on their own. Therefore, pursuing a multivalent subunit vaccine immunization is a promising strategy for improving infection-blocking malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Wilder
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Carbonetti
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nana Minkah
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hayley Cardamone
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olesya Trakhimets
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Dambrauskas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia A Arredondo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette M Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Vijayan K, Visweswaran GRR, Chandrasekaran R, Trakhimets O, Brown SL, Watson A, Zuck M, Dambrauskas N, Raappana A, Carbonetti S, Kelnhofer-Millevolte L, Glennon EKK, Postiglione R, Sather DN, Kaushansky A. Antibody interference by a non-neutralizing antibody abrogates humoral protection against Plasmodium yoelii liver stage. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109489. [PMID: 34348141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both subunit and attenuated whole-sporozoite vaccination strategies against Plasmodium infection have shown promising initial results in malaria-naive westerners but less efficacy in malaria-exposed individuals in endemic areas. Here, we demonstrate proof of concept by using a rodent malaria model in which non-neutralizing antibodies (nNAbs) can directly interfere with protective anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) humoral responses. We characterize a monoclonal antibody, RAM1, against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite major surface antigen CSP. Unlike the canonical PyCSP repeat domain binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) 2F6, RAM1 does not inhibit sporozoite traversal or entry of hepatocytes in vitro or infection in vivo. Although 2F6 and RAM1 bind non-overlapping regions of the CSP-repeat domain, pre-treatment with RAM1 abrogates the capacity of NAb to block sporozoite traversal and invasion in vitro. Importantly, RAM1 reduces the efficacy of the polyclonal humoral response against PyCSP in vivo. Collectively, our data provide a proof of concept that nNAbs can alter the efficacy of malaria vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meghan Zuck
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Noah Sather
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Schäfer C, Dambrauskas N, Reynolds LM, Trakhimets O, Raappana A, Flannery EL, Roobsoong W, Sattabongkot J, Mikolajczak SA, Kappe SHI, Sather DN. Partial protection against P. vivax infection diminishes hypnozoite burden and blood-stage relapses. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:752-756.e4. [PMID: 33857426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Latent forms of Plasmodium vivax, called hypnozoites, cause malaria relapses from the liver into the bloodstream and are a major obstacle to malaria eradication. To experimentally assess the impact of a partially protective pre-erythrocytic vaccine on reducing Plasmodium vivax relapses, we developed a liver-humanized mouse model that allows monitoring of relapses directly in the blood. We passively infused these mice with a suboptimal dose of an antibody that targets the circumsporozoite protein prior to challenge with P. vivax sporozoites. Although this regimen did not completely prevent primary infection, antibody-treated mice experienced 62% fewer relapses. The data constitute unprecedented direct experimental evidence that suboptimal efficacy of infection-blocking antibodies, while not completely preventing primary infection, has a pronounced benefit in reducing the number of relapses. These findings suggest that a partially efficacious pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium vivax vaccine can have a disproportionately high impact in positive public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schäfer
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicholas Dambrauskas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura M Reynolds
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olesya Trakhimets
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erika L Flannery
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sebastian A Mikolajczak
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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8
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Harrington WE, Trakhimets O, Andrade DV, Dambrauskas N, Raappana A, Jiang Y, Houck J, Selman W, Yang A, Vigdorovich V, Yeung W, Haglund M, Wallner J, Oldroyd A, Hardy S, Stewart SWA, Gervassi A, Van Voorhis W, Frenkel L, Sather DN. Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies is associated with decay of IgM in adults recovered from mild COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100253. [PMID: 33842901 PMCID: PMC8020863 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fate of protective immunity following mild severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains ill defined. Here, we characterize antibody responses in a cohort of participants recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with follow-up to 6 months. We measure immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG binding and avidity to viral antigens and assess neutralizing antibody responses over time. Furthermore, we correlate the effect of fever, gender, age, and time since symptom onset with antibody responses. We observe that total anti-S trimer, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) IgG are relatively stable over 6 months of follow-up, that anti-S and anti-RBD avidity increases over time, and that fever is associated with higher levels of antibodies. However, neutralizing antibody responses rapidly decay and are strongly associated with declines in IgM levels. Thus, while total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 may persist, functional antibody, particularly IgM, is rapidly lost. These observations have implications for the duration of protective immunity following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. After mild COVID-19, anti-S-trimer, RBD, and NP IgG are stable for up to 6 months Neutralization activity against the virus rapidly decays over time Neutralization is most strongly correlated with anti-S-trimer IgM titers Antibodies are initially higher in those with fever but reach similar nadirs
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Harrington
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Olesya Trakhimets
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniela V Andrade
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nicholas Dambrauskas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yonghou Jiang
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John Houck
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - William Selman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashton Yang
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Winnie Yeung
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Micaela Haglund
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jackson Wallner
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alyssa Oldroyd
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samantha Hardy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samuel W A Stewart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ana Gervassi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wes Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Frenkel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Liinamaa J, Luomaranta T, Raappana A, Saarela V. Factors affecting the prognosis of visual acuity and visual fields in pituitary adenoma patients treated with endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Seppänen T, Koskinen M, Seppänen TM, Raappana A, Alho OP. Corrigendum: Continuous assessment of nasal airflow resistance by adaptive modeling. Physiol Meas 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/11/1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Raappana A, Pirilä T, Ebeling T, Salmela P, Sintonen H, Koivukangas J. Long-term health-related quality of life of surgically treated pituitary adenoma patients: a descriptive study. ISRN Endocrinol 2012; 2012:675310. [PMID: 23346413 PMCID: PMC3549391 DOI: 10.5402/2012/675310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context. The literature concerning the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with surgically treated PA is controversial. Objective. To describe the long-term HRQoL of surgically treated patients in all PA classes. Design and subjects. The 15D, a generic HRQoL instrument producing a 15-dimensional profile and a single 15D index score (a difference ≥0.03 on a 0-1 scale is considered clinically important), was used to assess the HRQoL of a 13-year surgical cohort of PA patients in Northern Finland. Results and Conclusion. Nighty-eight eligible consecutive patients with surgically treated PA were studied at an average of 6.3 years after their latest pituitary operation. The average postoperative 15D profiles in patients with non-functioning PA and in acromegalics without GH-suppressive medical treatment were similar to those of the age-standardized general population. However, after this rather long followup, the mean 15D score and the number of statistically significant 15D dimension impairments, compared with those of their reference population, were 0.11 and 9/15, 0.10 and 3/15, and 0.08 and 7/15 for Cushing's disease, acromegalics needing somatostatin analog, and prolactinoma patients, respectively. Hypopituitarism with replacement medication was not associated with impaired HRQoL. The somatostatin-analog-associated HRQoL finding warrants further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raappana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
A method to assess nasal airflow resistance is presented that provides a continuous resistance value and applies a novel minimally obtrusive measurement technique. Instead of calculating the resistance once for each breathing cycle conventionally, it is calculated for each signal sample at any sampling frequency. The continuous pressure recording is produced with a nasopharyngeal catheter inserted 8 cm deep along the floor of the other nasal cavity and the flow recording is produced with respiratory effort bands. A least-mean-square (LMS) extension for the resistance model of Broms is developed that dynamically adapts to the time-varying characteristics of the nasal functioning and produces the continuous resistance values. Experimental results are shown that demonstrate the uniqueness and applicability of the new technique in assessing quickly changing resistance in a histamine/xylometatsolin challenges, the differences between normal and symptomatic patients, and the effect of nasal treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seppänen
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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