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Haas EJ, Kelly-Reif K, Edirisooriya M, Reynolds L, Beatty Parker CN, Zhu D, Weber DJ, Sickbert-Bennett E, Boyce RM, Ciccone EJ, Aiello AE. Infection precaution adherence varies by potential exposure risks to SARS-CoV-2 and job role: Findings from a US medical center. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:381-386. [PMID: 38069921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection precautions (IP) facilitate standardized and safe patient care. Research has demonstrated several barriers to IP adherence among health care personnel (HCP) but potential exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 and job role has not been considered. METHODS Researchers used self-reported baseline surveys with 191 HCPs at a university medical center to examine factors that may have affected IP adherence (eg, personal protective equipment [PPE] and hand hygiene errors) over the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Chi-square tests were used to determine if differences existed first, among job role and IP adherence, and second, the potential risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and IP adherence. A binary logistic regression estimated if PPE nonadherence was associated with COVID-19 stress, job role, and potential exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS PPE nonadherence varied by job role. Those in the Other group (ie, nonphysician/non-nursing HCP) reported significantly fewer errors (9.6%) compared to Physicians (26.5%) and Registered Nurses (33.3%). Hand/glove hygiene errors between COVID-19 patient rooms varied by job role. Respondents who had higher risks of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were 5.74 times more likely to experience errors. CONCLUSIONS The results provide implications for adopting systems-level approaches to support worker knowledge and engagement across job roles to improve IP adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Haas
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Kaitlin Kelly-Reif
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mihili Edirisooriya
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Cherese N Beatty Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Deanna Zhu
- Department of Infection Prevention, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David J Weber
- Department of Infection Prevention, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Emily Sickbert-Bennett
- Department of Infection Prevention, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ross M Boyce
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Emily J Ciccone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Patel H, Minkah NK, Kumar S, Zanghi G, Schepis A, Goswami D, Armstrong J, Abatiyow BA, Betz W, Reynolds L, Camargo N, Sheikh AA, Kappe SHI. Malaria blood stage infection suppresses liver stage infection via host-induced interferons but not hepcidin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2104. [PMID: 38453916 PMCID: PMC10920859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites first replicate as liver stages (LS), which then seed symptomatic blood stage (BS) infection. Emerging evidence suggests that these stages impact each other via perturbation of host responses, and this influences the outcome of natural infection. We sought to understand whether the parasite stage interplay would affect live-attenuated whole parasite vaccination, since the efficacy of whole parasite vaccines strongly correlates with their extend of development in the liver. We thus investigated the impact of BS infection on LS development of genetically attenuated and wildtype parasites in female rodent malaria models and observed that for both, LS infection suffered severe suppression during concurrent BS infection. Strikingly and in contrast to previously published studies, we find that the BS-induced iron-regulating hormone hepcidin is not mediating suppression of LS development. Instead, we demonstrate that BS-induced host interferons are the main mediators of LS developmental suppression. The type of interferon involved depended on the BS-causing parasite species. Our study provides important mechanistic insights into the BS-mediated suppression of LS development. This has direct implications for understanding the outcomes of live-attenuated Plasmodium parasite vaccination in malaria-endemic areas and might impact the epidemiology of natural malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Patel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nana K Minkah
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gigliola Zanghi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonino Schepis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debashree Goswami
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janna Armstrong
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Biley A Abatiyow
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Will Betz
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amina A Sheikh
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Hall NB, Reynolds L, Blackley DJ, Laney AS. Assessment of the Respiratory Health of Working US Coal Miners Since 2014-Radiography, Spirometry, and Symptom Assessments. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:123-127. [PMID: 37907411 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to summarize Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program findings since 2014, focusing on prevalence of radiographic pneumoconiosis and abnormal spirometry by region. METHODS Analysis included the most recent Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program encounter for working miners during October 1, 2014-June 30, 2022. Central Appalachia consists of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. RESULTS Pneumoconiosis prevalence was highest among underground miners, with 318 (6.2%) having radiographic evidence of disease. Central Appalachian miners were more likely to have evidence of pneumoconiosis (relative risk = 4.1 [3.4-5.0]) and abnormal spirometry (relative risk = 1.4 [1.2-1.6]) compared with all others. CONCLUSIONS Central Appalachia is a hotspot for pneumoconiosis, as well as for other indicators of respiratory impairment in coal miners. Outreach for occupational respiratory health surveillance should focus on those areas most heavily affected, ensuring that miners are not hindered by perceived or actual barriers to this secondary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi B Hall
- From the Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Laney AS, Hall NB, Reynolds L, Blackley DJ, Weissman DN. Low Participation in a Job Transfer Program Designed to Prevent Progression of Pneumoconiosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1223-1224. [PMID: 37126850 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202210-867rl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Laney
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Noemi B Hall
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura Reynolds
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David J Blackley
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David N Weissman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
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Vijay K, Kelley L, Pak T, Kuhlmann P, Patterson-Lachowicz A, Fetzer DT, Reynolds L, Carmel M, Zimmern P, Khatri G. Multimodality Imaging of Anterior Compartment Pelvic Floor Repair. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230032. [PMID: 37498784 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are two common disorders that affect the anterior compartment of the pelvic floor in women. These can be treated conservatively or surgically. Among patients treated surgically, a substantial number present with pain, recurrent POP or SUI, or other conditions that warrant additional interventions. In many of these cases, imaging is key to identifying and characterizing the type of procedure performed, locating synthetic materials that may have been placed, and characterizing complications. Imaging may be particularly helpful when prior surgical records are not available or a comprehensive physical examination is not possible. US and MRI are the most commonly used modalities for such patients, although radiopaque surgical materials may be visible at voiding cystourethrography and CT. The authors summarize commonly used surgical treatment options for patients with SUI and POP, review imaging techniques for evaluation of such patients, and describe the normal imaging appearance and complications of pelvic floor surgical repair procedures in the anterior compartment of the pelvis. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Vijay
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Layne Kelley
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Taemee Pak
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Paige Kuhlmann
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Amber Patterson-Lachowicz
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - David T Fetzer
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Laura Reynolds
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Maude Carmel
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Philippe Zimmern
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
| | - Gaurav Khatri
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.V., L.K., T.P., A.P.L., D.T.F., L.R., G.K.) and Urology (P.K., M.C., P.Z.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75234
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Hall NB, Reynolds L, Blackley DJ, Laney AS. Submission of mandatory respiratory health examinations among US coal miners participating in the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:327-332. [PMID: 37172958 PMCID: PMC10571509 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandatory examination requirements for US coal miners newly entering the workforce have been in place since the 1969 Coal Act mandated chest radiographs and were updated to include spirometry with promulgation of the 2014 Mine Safety and Health Administration Dust Rule. Compliance with the mandatory respiratory screening series is described using data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP). METHODS Among all radiographic and spirometry submissions to the CWHSP during 30 June 1971-15 March 2022, new underground coal miners who began work in the industry after 30 June 1971, and new underground, surface miners and contractors who began work after new regulations were implemented 1 August 2014, were identified and included in analysis. RESULTS Of the 115 093 unique miners who participated in the CWHSP and whose estimated entry into mining occurred during 30 June 1971-15 March 2019, 50 487 (43.9%) received their initial mandatory radiograph, and 15 452 (13.4%) submitted their initial and 3-year mandatory radiographs. Since new regulations were implemented, compliance with initial radiographs appeared to improve (80%) but compliance with 3-year radiographs remained low (11.6%). Compliance with spirometry testing was also low for initial (17.1%) and follow-up screenings (2.7%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of new coal miners eligible for health surveillance did not receive a baseline radiograph or spirometry test through the CWHSP even though coal mine operators are required by law to provide these. Ensuring coal miners' regular participation in health surveillance from early in their careers is an important way to monitor and protect their respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi B Hall
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David J Blackley
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - A Scott Laney
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Paredes JL, Picon V, Reynolds L, Ugarte-Gil C, Moore D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB care in Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:411-413. [PMID: 37143218 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J L Paredes
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - V Picon
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - L Reynolds
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - C Ugarte-Gil
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - D Moore
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lane JM, Brosschot T, Reynolds L. A60 DOWN WITH THE SHP-1: CHRONIC HELMINTH INFECTION DISRUPTS BILE ACID HOMEOSTASIS AND SIGNALLING RECEPTOR ACTIVATION IN THE MURINE SMALL INTESTINE TO POTENTIALLY IMPACT GUT IMMUNITY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991319 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helminths (parasitic worms) use immunomodulatory mechanisms to maintain their presence in the host intestines. Understanding how helminths reduce inflammation in the guts may lead to new therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel diseases. Our lab uses a helminth which infects the proximal small intestine of mice to identify new, potentially immunomodulatory molecules. In this project, we examined the impact of helminth infection on bile acids (BA)s; a class of metabolites that can function as immunomodulatory signalling molecules. To our knowledge, how helminth infection alters BA homeostasis, and the potential consequences for proximal small intestine immunity have not yet been reported. Purpose Our aims were to determine whether helminth infection alters (1) the intestinal BA pool, (2) expression of BA transporters in the small intestine, and (3) expression and/or activation of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a BA signalling receptor. Method We used a murine model system to study the effects of the mouse-specific helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus on BA homeostasis, BA transporter gene expression, and BA signalling receptors in the small intestine. Male and female littermate mice were used. Targeted metabolomics was used to assess the composition of the BA pool in the small intestine. Reverse transcription qPCR was used to quantify gene expression of BA transporters/signalling molecules in tissues. All data were segregated by sex of mice for data analysis. Result(s) We found that helminth infection disrupts the BA pool of mice, with consistent reductions in T-CDCA and T-αMCA during helminth infection. In the proximal small intestine, expression of the genes that encode the apical sodium dependant BA transporter (ASBT) and organic solute transporter alpha (OSTα) were unaffected during helminth infection, however expression of the organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) gene, which encodes half of the basal BA transporter, was decreased. Expression of Shp-1, an indicator of activation of BA receptor FXR, and expression of the Fxr gene were significantly decreased in both the proximal and distal small intestine. Lastly, expression of the gene encoding Gpbar1 trended upwards in the proximal and distal small intestine of female mice. Conclusion(s) Infection of mice with a proximal small intestine-dwelling helminth impacts BA homeostasis in the small intestine. Helminth infection decreases expression of a BA transporter in the proximal small intestine, although whether this contributes to or is caused by perturbations in the BA pool during infection remains to be seen. The downregulation of BA signalling we see during helminth infection in the proximal small intestine points to a potential functional impact on the host immune response which we now intend to explore. Understanding the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths to dampen the host immune response could lead to further advancements in treating intestinal inflammatory disorders such as Crohn’s and Colitis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lane
- Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - T Brosschot
- Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - L Reynolds
- Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Vigdorovich V, Patel H, Watson A, Raappana A, Reynolds L, Selman W, Beeman S, Edlefsen PT, Kappe SHI, Sather DN. Coimmunization with Preerythrocytic Antigens alongside Circumsporozoite Protein Can Enhance Sterile Protection against Plasmodium Sporozoite Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0379122. [PMID: 36847573 PMCID: PMC10100930 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03791-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites have a complex life cycle and present numerous antigen targets that may contribute to protective immune responses. The currently recommended vaccine-RTS,S-functions by targeting the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), which is the most abundant surface protein of the sporozoite form responsible for initiating infection of the human host. Despite showing only moderate efficacy, RTS,S has established a strong foundation for the development of next-generation subunit vaccines. Our previous work characterizing the sporozoite surface proteome identified additional non-CSP antigens that may be useful as immunogens individually or in combination with CSP. In this study, we examined eight such antigens using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii as a model system. We demonstrate that despite conferring weak protection individually, coimmunizing each of several of these antigens alongside CSP could significantly enhance the sterile protection achieved by CSP immunization alone. Thus, our work provides compelling evidence that a multiantigen preerythrocytic vaccine approach may enhance protection compared to CSP-only vaccines. This lays the groundwork for further studies aimed at testing the identified antigen combinations in human vaccination trials that assess efficacy with controlled human malaria infection. IMPORTANCE The currently approved malaria vaccine targets a single parasite protein (CSP) and results in only partial protection. We tested several additional vaccine targets in combination with CSP to identify those that could enhance protection from infection upon challenge in the mouse malaria model. In identifying several such enhancing vaccine targets, our work indicates that a multiprotein immunization approach may be a promising avenue to achieving higher levels of protection from infection. Our work identified several candidate leads for follow-up in the models relevant for human malaria and provides an experimental framework for efficiently carrying out such screens for other combinations of vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hardik Patel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Watson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Raappana
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Selman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzannah Beeman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Reynolds L, Judge C, Margason J, Skinner I, Worcester E, Coe F, Zisman A. Ureteroscopic assessment of renal papillae anatomy identifies racial differences in papillary morphology. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Reynolds L, Sohal G, Barry S. Confidence-level of foundation dentists in the North West of England in the placement of preformed metal crowns using the Hall technique. Eur J Dent Educ 2023; 27:158-166. [PMID: 35147276 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hall technique is a biological caries management approach commonly used within the field of paediatric dentistry. The technique involves the placement of a preformed metal crown (PMC) without local anaesthetic, caries removal or tooth preparation. Despite being widely taught across dental schools in the United Kingdom, evidence from the literature suggests that PMCs are seldom used in general dental practice, even by newly qualified dentists. This study aimed to evaluate the experience and self-reported confidence of Foundation Dentists (FDs) in the North West of England in the placement of preformed metal crowns using the Hall technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 117 Foundation Dentists in the North West of England. RESULTS Forty-six questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 39%. The results revealed that 80.4% of FDs felt "somewhat," "quite" or "extremely" confident with the Hall technique at the point of graduation. This increased to 85.3% upon completion of Dental Foundation Training. CONCLUSION Foundation Dentists' self-reported confidence in the Hall technique was reasonably high both at the point of qualification and upon completing Dental Foundation Training. Nevertheless, many of the Foundation Dentists felt that they would benefit from further postgraduate training on the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reynolds
- Child Dental Health Department, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Siobhan Barry
- Child Dental Health Department, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gibbs D, Reynolds L, Shea Yates T. Understanding the Experiences of Living With an Artificial Eye in Children With Retinoblastoma-Perspectives of Children and Their Parents. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol Nurs 2022; 39:250-263. [PMID: 35791854 DOI: 10.1177/27527530211073688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare form of pediatric eye cancer for which enucleation is a common treatment modality. There is an increasing focus upon the impact of enucleation on children and families. This study aimed to explore the experiences of children and their families following enucleation to consider the barriers that may be encountered when adjusting to living with an artificial eye and identifying the support services and strategies used to address these barriers. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 12 parents and seven children and thematic analysis was used to identify four themes representing the perspective of parents and children. Results: Parent themes identified were (a) entry into the world of retinoblastoma; (b) the importance of specialist support; (c) a family learning to cope; and (d) navigating school. The perspectives of children were (a) the importance of preparation and play; (b) positive reinforcement and hospital support; (c) support and openness at home; and (d) the importance of good school planning. Two overarching themes related to parent and child adaptation were also identified. Discussion: The study findings reveal that the process of adapting to living with an artificial eye extended to influencing decisions around parenting, learning to advocate for their child, and supporting children through school and peer relationships. For children, the importance of ongoing support and information was vital to enhance understanding, adaptation, and development of independence. Overall, the study suggests that children and families undergoing enucleation need continuing, individualized, and specialist support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Gibbs
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, 4617Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Tara Shea Yates
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, 4617Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Minkah NK, Reynolds L, Okolo V, Kappe S. Type I Interferon remodels intrahepatocytic signaling to promote T cell dysfunction during liver stage Plasmodium infection. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.170.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and accounted for 627,000 deaths in 2021. Upon deposition into the dermis, Plasmodium parasites traffic to, infect, and develop within hepatocytes before egressing to cause symptomatic erythrocytic infection. We recently reported that liver stage Plasmodium replication induces type I Interferon (IFN-I) signaling that compromises anti-malaria T cells. We now show that this IFN-I-mediated, inferior T cell response is mostly limited to hepatic CD8 T cells and is characterized by diminished cytokine production, impaired homeostatic CD8 T cell survival, and the expression of receptors and transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion. We set out to identify the cells and molecular events involved in the induction of T cell exhaustion during the transient and non-persistent liver stage Plasmodium infection and observed that infected mice lacking IFNAR expression solely on hepatocytes do not generate significant frequencies of exhausted T cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses of hepatocytes isolated during infection indicate that IFN-I signaling coincides with a remodeling of the hepatocyte transcriptome such that antigen processing and presentation, chemokine transcripts and immunoregulatory receptors and soluble factors are upregulated. We hypothesize that IFN-I signaling reshapes the hepatocyte transcriptome to promote an immunosuppressive liver microenvironment that impairs anti-malaria T cells. Together, our studies represent the first description of a negative role for liver stage IFN-I signaling on anti-malaria adaptive immunity and may necessitate a paradigm shift in the rational design of efficacious anti-malaria whole parasite vaccines.
Supported by 1U01AI42001
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana K Minkah
- 1seattle childrens research institute
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of Washington Sch. of Med
| | | | | | - Stefan Kappe
- 1seattle childrens research institute
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of Washington Sch. of Med
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14
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Rabbitt LA, McNally M, Reynolds L, Hinchion K, Simpkin A, Scarry M, Bohan-Keane M, Goulding C. A prospective cohort study of the use of the fatty liver index and Fibroscan to determine the prevalence of fatty liver disease in an Irish population. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:200-205. [PMID: 33079776 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing worldwide. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a noninvasive predictor of NAFLD. This prospective cohort study used the FLI to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients attending an Irish Acute Medical Unit (AMU), and assessed the degree of fibrosis in this group using Fibroscan. METHODS Patients attending the AMU over a 3-month period were invited to participate. Patients with excess alcohol consumption or pre-existing liver disease were excluded. Using established FLI cut-offs, 414 participants were grouped into low (FLI ≤ 30), medium (30 < FLI ≤ 60) and high (FLI > 60) risk of NAFLD. High-risk patients were offered review including liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score. RESULTS A total of 134 patients were at low-risk, 96 at medium-risk and 184 at high-risk of NAFLD. Male sex (P < 0.0001) and increasing age (P < 0.0001) were associated with higher risk. Of the 120 high-risk patients who attended follow up, 13 participants had LSM > 7 kPa. Higher FLI scores were associated with higher CAP scores (P < 0.0001) but did not predict higher LSMs. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were found to be associated with higher LSM. CONCLUSION About 44.4% of patients presenting to the AMU were at high risk of NAFLD according to the FLI. Only 10.8% of the high-risk group, and 3% of all those recruited had a LSM > 7 kPa suggesting development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Rabbitt
- Galway University Hospital
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Silverman MH, Duggan S, Bardelli G, Sadler B, Key C, Medlock M, Reynolds L, Wallner B. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Icapamespib, a Selective Epichaperome Inhibitor, in Healthy Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:635-645. [PMID: 36281667 PMCID: PMC9419134 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating conditions that most commonly affect individuals 65 years and older. Currently there are no effective treatments or cures for neurodegenerative diseases, and therapeutics that selectively target the underlying causes of these diseases are needed. Epichaperomes play a major role in the maintenance and progression of neuronal pathology. Inhibiting epichaperomes induces degradation of disease associated proteins and is a promising therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s Disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Objectives This Phase 1 clinical study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of icapamespib, a purine scaffold inhibitor of epichaperomes that is specific to epichaperomes, in healthy subjects. Design Double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalating single ascending dose and multiple ascending doses and an unblinded two-period cross-over bioavailability study design. Setting Single site in the United States. Participants Healthy men or women of 18 to 60 years of age, inclusive, for Part 1 (single ascending dose), ≥ 60 years of age for Part 2 (multiple ascending dose), or 18 to 49 years of age for Part 3 (bioavailability). Treatment In the single ascending dose group, oral single doses (10, 20, and 30 mg icapamespib or placebo) were administered to healthy non-elderly subjects. In the multiple ascending dose group, multiple doses (20 and 30 mg icapamespib once daily for 7 days or placebo) were administered to healthy elderly subjects. In the bioavailability group, the bioavailability of once daily oral icapamespib solution and tablet was assessed in healthy non elderly subjects. Measurements Safety was evaluated based on assessments of treatment-emergent adverse events, physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests (hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis), vital signs, and 12-lead electrocardiograms. Icapamespib concentration was evaluated in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, the latter in Part 2 (multiple ascending dose) only. Results Forty-eight subjects in total were randomized and assessed for tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability parameters as follows: 24 subjects in Part 1 (single ascending dose) with PU-AD 10 mg (n = 6), 20 mg (n = 6), 30 mg (n = 6), and placebo (n = 6); 16 subjects in Part 2 (multiple ascending dose) with icapamespib 20 mg (n = 6), 30 mg (n = 6), and placebo (n = 4); and 8 subjects in Part 3 (bioavailability) crossed-over between icapamespib 30 mg (tablet) and icapamespib 30 mg (oral solution). Single doses of icapamespib up to 30 mg and multiple doses of icapamespib up to 30 mg for 7 days were generally safe and well tolerated in healthy non-elderly and elderly subjects. Treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, with headache being the most common treatment-emergent adverse event. Mean icapamespib exposure (area under the curve) was dose-proportional over the dose range tested. The median time to maximum observed plasma concentration ranged from 1.00 to 2.00 h across single ascending dose, multiple ascending dose, and bioavailability groups; icapamespib exposure was 50% higher in elderly subjects compared with non-elderly subjects but was well tolerated. Conclusions The study provides clinical evidence of the safety of icapamespib in healthy non elderly and elderly subjects and supports the advancement of icapamespib to Phase 2 evaluation in Alzheimer’s Disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Silverman
- Geraldine Bardelli, Samus Therapeutics, Inc., Topsfield, MA, USA,
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16
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Murthy BP, Sterrett N, Weller D, Zell E, Reynolds L, Toblin RL, Murthy N, Kriss J, Rose C, Cadwell B, Wang A, Ritchey MD, Gibbs-Scharf L, Qualters JR, Shaw L, Brookmeyer KA, Clayton H, Eke P, Adams L, Zajac J, Patel A, Fox K, Williams C, Stokley S, Flores S, Barbour KE, Harris LQ. Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Between Urban and Rural Counties - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:759-764. [PMID: 34014911 PMCID: PMC8136424 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7020e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Whiteman A, Wang A, McCain K, Gunnels B, Toblin R, Lee JT, Bridges C, Reynolds L, Murthy BP, Qualters J, Singleton JA, Fox K, Stokley S, Harris L, Gibbs-Scharf L, Abad N, Brookmeyer KA, Farrall S, Pingali C, Patel A, Link-Gelles R, Dasgupta S, Gharpure R, Ritchey MD, Barbour KE. Demographic and Social Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Initiation Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:725-730. [PMID: 33983911 PMCID: PMC8118148 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7019e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other age groups, older adults (defined here as persons aged ≥65 years) are at higher risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality and have therefore been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination (1,2). Ensuring access to vaccines for older adults has been a focus of federal, state, and local response efforts, and CDC has been monitoring vaccination coverage to identify and address disparities among subpopulations of older adults (2). Vaccine administration data submitted to CDC were analyzed to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination initiation among adults aged ≥65 years by demographic characteristics and overall. Characteristics of counties with low vaccination initiation rates were quantified using indicators of social vulnerability data from the 2019 American Community Survey.* During December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021, nationwide, a total of 42,736,710 (79.1%) older adults had initiated vaccination. The initiation rate was higher among men than among women and varied by state. On average, counties with low vaccination initiation rates (<50% of older adults having received at least 1 vaccine dose), compared with those with high rates (≥75%), had higher percentages of older adults without a computer, living in poverty, without Internet access, and living alone. CDC, state, and local jurisdictions in partnerships with communities should continue to identify and implement strategies to improve access to COVID-19 vaccination for older adults, such as assistance with scheduling vaccination appointments and transportation to vaccination sites, or vaccination at home if needed for persons who are homebound.† Monitoring demographic and social factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine access for older adults and prioritizing efforts to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 vaccine are needed to ensure high coverage among this group.
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18
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Patel H, Minkah NK, Sheikh AA, Reynolds L, Vaughan AM, Kappe SH. The immunological perturbations induced by ongoing blood-stage infection during Plasmodium GAP (Genetically Attenuated Parasites) vaccination. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.102.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites (SPZ) are transmitted by mosquito bite, infect the liver, grow and differentiate as intrahepatocytic liver stages (LS) and ultimately form the first generation of red blood cell-infectious merozoites, which initiate the symptomatic blood stage infection. Immunization with replication-deficient radiation attenuated SPZ vaccine has shown to confer sterilizing immunity in animal models by preventing parasite growth into the liver before onset of symptomatic blood stage infection. This attenuated SPZ vaccine has undergone clinical testing and it was observed that sterilizing immunity was achieved high in malaria naïve subjects but lower in malaria pre-exposed subjects residing in malaria-endemic regions. Previous studies in rodent models indicate that the ongoing blood stage infection suppresses protection after immunization with replication deficient irradiated SPZ. We have shown that replication competent late liver stage arresting genetically attenuated parasites (RC-GAP) immunization confer superior protection when compared to irradiated SPZ. However, whether the blood stage infection would also affect the RC-GAP parasite vaccine mediated protective immunity by altering specific immune responses remains unknown. Here, we show that ongoing homologous blood stage infection during Plasmodium yoelii RC-GAP immunization suppress the vaccine mediated immunity in Balb/c mice. Our data suggest that the reduction in protection was associated with the perturbations of long-lived Ag specific antibody as well as tissue resident memory CD8 T cell (TRMs) responses generated against pre-erythrocytic SPZ and LS stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- 1Seattle Children’s Research Institute
- 2Department of Global Health, University of Washington
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19
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Iverson SA, Levy C, Yaglom HD, Venkat HL, Artus A, Galloway R, Guagliardo SAJ, Reynolds L, Kretschmer MJ, LaFerla Jenni ME, Woodward P, Reindel AA, Tarrant S, Sylvester T, Klein R, Mundschenk P, Sunenshine R, Schafer IJ. Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of a community-wide outbreak of canine leptospirosis in a low-prevalence region (Maricopa County, Arizona). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:616-629. [PMID: 33683958 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.6.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features of an outbreak of leptospirosis in dogs in Maricopa County, Ariz, from January 2016 through June 2017. ANIMALS 71 case and 281 control dogs. PROCEDURES Cases were classified as confirmed, probable, suspect, or not a case on the basis of medical record data that fulfilled clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological criteria. Potential exposures were assessed by owner survey. For the case-control investigation, control dogs were recruited through owner completion of a July 2017 survey. Summary statistics and ORs for case dog lifestyle factors were reported. RESULTS 54 dogs were classified as confirmed and 17 as probable cases. For 4 dogs of a household cluster (5 confirmed and 3 probable), the highest microscopic agglutination titer was for serovar Djasiman (Leptospira kirschneri detected by PCR assay), and for 13 dogs of a community outbreak (49 confirmed and 14 probable cases), the highest titer was for serovar Canicola (Leptospira interrogans detected by PCR assay). The 44 case dogs included in the case-control investigation were 7.7 (95% CI, 3.5 to 16.7) and 2.9 times (95% CI, 1.3 to 6.6) as likely as control dogs to have visited dog daycare or to have been kenneled overnight at a boarding facility, respectively, 30 days prior to the onset of clinical signs or diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diagnostic and epidemiological findings indicated 2 outbreaks. Transmission where dogs congregated likely propagated the community outbreak. Outbreaks of leptospiral infections can occur in regions of low prevalence, and a dog's exposure to areas where dogs congregate should be considered when making Leptospira vaccination recommendations.
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20
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Hughes MM, Wang A, Grossman MK, Pun E, Whiteman A, Deng L, Hallisey E, Sharpe JD, Ussery EN, Stokley S, Musial T, Weller DL, Murthy BP, Reynolds L, Gibbs-Scharf L, Harris L, Ritchey MD, Toblin RL. County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Social Vulnerability - United States, December 14, 2020-March 1, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:431-436. [PMID: 33764963 PMCID: PMC7993557 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7012e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program began in December 2020, and ensuring equitable COVID-19 vaccine access remains a national priority.* COVID-19 has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority groups and those who are economically and socially disadvantaged (1,2). Thus, achieving not just vaccine equality (i.e., similar allocation of vaccine supply proportional to its population across jurisdictions) but equity (i.e., preferential access and administra-tion to those who have been most affected by COVID-19 disease) is an important goal. The CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) uses 15 indicators grouped into four themes that comprise an overall SVI measure, resulting in 20 metrics, each of which has national and state-specific county rankings. The 20 metric-specific rankings were each divided into lowest to highest tertiles to categorize counties as low, moderate, or high social vulnerability counties. These tertiles were combined with vaccine administration data for 49,264,338 U.S. residents in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) who received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose during December 14, 2020-March 1, 2021. Nationally, for the overall SVI measure, vaccination coverage was higher (15.8%) in low social vulnerability counties than in high social vulnerability counties (13.9%), with the largest coverage disparity in the socioeconomic status theme (2.5 percentage points higher coverage in low than in high vulnerability counties). Wide state variations in equity across SVI metrics were found. Whereas in the majority of states, vaccination coverage was higher in low vulnerability counties, some states had equitable coverage at the county level. CDC, state, and local jurisdictions should continue to monitor vaccination coverage by SVI metrics to focus public health interventions to achieve equitable coverage with COVID-19 vaccine.
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21
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Arredondo SA, Schepis A, Reynolds L, Kappe SHI. Secretory Organelle Function in the Plasmodium Sporozoite. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:651-663. [PMID: 33589364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites exhibit a complex infection biology in the mosquito and mammalian hosts. The sporozoite apical secretory organelles, the micronemes and rhoptries, store protein mediators of parasite/host/vector interactions and must secrete them in a temporally and spatially well orchestrated manner. Micronemal proteins are critical for sporozoite motility throughout its journey from the mosquito midgut oocyst to the mammalian liver, and also for cell traversal (CT) and hepatocyte invasion. Rhoptry proteins, until recently thought to be only important for hepatocyte invasion, appear to also play an unexpected role in motility and in the interaction with mosquito tissue. Therefore, navigating the different microenvironments with secretion likely requires the sporozoite to have a more complex system of secretory organelles than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Arredondo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Antonino Schepis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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22
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Patel H, Minkah NK, Sheikh AA, Reynolds L, Vaughan AM, Kappe SH. Superior CD8 T cell-mediated protection against malaria parasite liver stage infection after vaccination with Replication Competent Genetically Attenuated Parasites (RC-GAP) and impact of blood stage infection on immunity. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.168.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites (SPZ) are transmitted by mosquito bite, infect the liver, grow and differentiate as intrahepatocytic liver stages (LS) and ultimately form the first generation of red blood cell-infectious merozoites, which initiate the symptomatic blood stage infection. A vaccine against the clinically silent pre-erythrocytic SPZ and LS stages is attractive as it confers protection against infection before onset of symptomatic blood stage infection. Immunization with replication-deficient attenuated SPZ constitutes a promising vaccination strategy to engender protective humoral and CD8 T cell responses, with tissue resident memory CD8 T cell (TRMs) mediating sterilizing immunity in animal models. Attenuated parasite vaccines have undergone clinical testing and it was observed that sterilizing immunity is high in malaria naïve subjects but lower in malaria pre-exposed subjects residing in malaria-endemic regions. Previous studies in rodent models indicate that the ongoing blood stage infection suppresses protection after immunization with replication-deficient irradiated sporozoites. We have shown that replication competent late liver stage arresting genetically attenuated parasites (RC-GAP) confer superior protection when compared to irradiated sporozoites. We show that this protection is dependent on CD8 TRMs in the liver. However, whether the blood stage infection also suppresses the RC-GAP parasite vaccine mediated protective immunity remains unknown. Here, we examined whether blood stage infection either before or during RC-GAP immunization affects vaccine induced protection in the Plasmodium yoelii/Balb/c mouse model and how this correlated with perturbation of memory T and B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Patel
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | - Nana K. Minkah
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | - Amina A. Sheikh
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | - Laura Reynolds
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute
- 2Department of Global Health, University of Washington
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23
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Strain K, Reynolds L, Thomas M, Crosher R. A 5 year follow up on the recurrence rates of head and neck basal cell carcinomas excised with close and/or incomplete margins. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Toon M, Collin V, Whitehead P, Reynolds L. An analysis of stress and burnout in UK general dental practitioners: subdimensions and causes. Br Dent J 2019; 226:sj.bdj.2019.46. [PMID: 30655619 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Toon
- Lecturer in Marketing and Strategy, Cardiff University
| | - V Collin
- Research Analyst, British Dental Association
| | - P Whitehead
- Head of Policy and Research, British Dental Association
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25
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Collin V, Toon M, O'Selmo E, Reynolds L, Whitehead P. A survey of stress, burnout and well-being in UK dentists. Br Dent J 2019; 226:40-49. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Guagliardo SAJ, Iverson SA, Reynolds L, Yaglom H, Venkat H, Galloway R, Levy C, Reindel A, Sylvester T, Kretschmer M, LaFerla Jenni M, Woodward P, Beatty N, Artus A, Klein R, Sunenshine R, Schafer IJ. Despite high-risk exposures, no evidence of zoonotic transmission during a canine outbreak of leptospirosis. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:223-231. [PMID: 30618076 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that affects many mammals, including humans and dogs; dogs can transmit the bacteria to humans, but the frequency of transmission and highest risk exposures are poorly understood. During 2016-2017, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Arizona Department of Health Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated the zoonotic potential of a canine leptospirosis outbreak in the Phoenix metro area. We identified symptomatic persons exposed to canine leptospirosis cases by conducting active and passive surveillance. We tested dog owners (n = 9) and animal care providers (n = 109) for serological evidence of Leptospira spp. infection (via the microscopic agglutination test [MAT]) and interviewed these persons about their specific exposures to canine cases and general exposures to canine blood and urine. Through surveillance, seven symptomatic persons were identified; six were tested and all were negative by MAT, and of these six, four persons were negative by PCR (two did not have PCR testing). All serosurvey participants (n = 118) were also seronegative. Among animal care providers, bare skin contact with urine/blood from a canine case was reported by 23.2%; two persons reported dog urine splashing in their face. Veterinary technicians were more likely to have bare skin contact with blood from a canine case compared to veterinarians and boarding facility staff (p < 0.001). Infection control practices were inconsistent; when working with specimens from a canine leptospirosis case, 44.6% of participants reported always wearing gloves when working with urine (i.e., collecting specimens), and 54.5% always wore gloves when working with blood. Veterinary technicians were also most likely to engage in all activities involving potential urine/blood contact, such as conducting laboratory tests (p < 0.01). We therefore recommend that veterinary technicians specifically receive targeted education about infection control practices. Our results suggest that dog-to-human transmission of leptospirosis is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anne J Guagliardo
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally Ann Iverson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona.,Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Hayley Yaglom
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Heather Venkat
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona.,Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Renee Galloway
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Levy
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alison Reindel
- Epidemiology Elective Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tammy Sylvester
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Margaret LaFerla Jenni
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona.,Public Health Associate Program, Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Woodward
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Norman Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aileen Artus
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronald Klein
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Sunenshine
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona.,Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ilana J Schafer
- Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Maharjan D, Rodas-González A, Tanner A, Kennedy V, Kirsch J, Gaspers J, Negrin-Pereira N, Fontoura A, Bauer M, Swanson K, Reynolds L, Stokka G, Ward A, Dahlen C, Neville B, Wittenberg K, McGeough E, Vonnahme K, Schaefer A, López-Campos Ó, Aalhus J, Ominski K. PSIX-14 Impact of needle-free injection device on injection-site tissue damage in beef sub-primals. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Maharjan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - A Tanner
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - V Kennedy
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Kirsch
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Gaspers
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - A Fontoura
- Cornell University,Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - M Bauer
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - K Swanson
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - L Reynolds
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - G Stokka
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - A Ward
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - C Dahlen
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - B Neville
- Carrington REC,Carrington, ND, United States
| | | | - E McGeough
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K Vonnahme
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - A Schaefer
- University of Alberta,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Ó López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail,Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - J Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail,Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - K Ominski
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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28
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Crouse M, Greseth N, McLean K, Crosswhite M, Negrin-Pereira N, Ward A, Reynolds L, Dahlen C, Neville B, Borowicz P, Caton J. PSI-11 Maternal nutrition and stage of early pregnancy in beef heifers: Influence on glutamine transporter SLC38A7 in utero-placental tissues from d 16 to 50 of gestation. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Crouse
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - N Greseth
- University of Wisconsin Madison,Madison, WI, United States
| | - K McLean
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Crosswhite
- Oklahoma State University,Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | | - A Ward
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - L Reynolds
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - C Dahlen
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - B Neville
- Carrington REC,Carrington, ND, United States
| | - P Borowicz
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Caton
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
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29
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Maharjan D, Rodas-González A, Tanner A, Kennedy V, Kirsch J, Gaspers J, Negrin-Pereira N, Fontoura A, Bauer M, Swanson K, Reynolds L, Stokka G, Ward A, Dahlen C, Neville B, Wittenberg K, McGeough E, Vonnahme K, Schaefer A, López-Campos Ó, Aalhus J, Gardiner P, Ominski K. PSI-35 Corn supplementation of beef cows and its impact on growth performance and carcass outcomes of their progeny. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Maharjan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - A Tanner
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - V Kennedy
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Kirsch
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Gaspers
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - A Fontoura
- Cornell University,Ithica, NY, United States
| | - M Bauer
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - K Swanson
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - L Reynolds
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - G Stokka
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - A Ward
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - C Dahlen
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - B Neville
- Carrington REC, Foster County, ND, United States
| | | | - E McGeough
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K Vonnahme
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - A Schaefer
- University of Alberta,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Ó López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - J Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - P Gardiner
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K Ominski
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Crouse M, Caton J, Cushman R, Greseth N, McLean K, Reynolds L, Dahlen C, Borowicz P, Ward A. 139 Wettemann Graduate Scholar in Physiology: Maternal nutrition alters concentrations of nutrients in fetal fluids and expression of genes impacting production efficiencies in bovine fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum during the first 50. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Crouse
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - J Caton
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - R Cushman
- USDA/ARS/US MARC, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - N Greseth
- University of Wisconsin Madison,Madison, WI, United States
| | - K McLean
- University of Kentucky,Louisville, KY, United States
| | - L Reynolds
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - C Dahlen
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - P Borowicz
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
| | - A Ward
- North Dakota State University,Fargo, ND, United States
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Reynolds L, Kenny S, Crozier-Shaw G, Connolly C, Joyce WP. Uterine colorectal metastatic disease: a rare occurrence. ANZ J Surg 2018; 89:963-964. [PMID: 29415367 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Galway Clinic, Doughiska, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kenny
- Department of Surgery, Galway Clinic, Doughiska, Ireland
| | | | | | - William P Joyce
- Department of Surgery, Galway Clinic, Doughiska, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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32
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Reynolds L, Halldin CN, Laney AS, Blackley DJ. Coal miner participation in a job transfer program designed to prevent progression of pneumoconiosis, United States, 1986-2016. Arch Environ Occup Health 2017; 73:344-346. [PMID: 29116886 PMCID: PMC5976540 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1402749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Part 90 program was designed to prevent progression of pneumoconiosis in U.S. coal miners by establishing their right to transfer to a less dusty job in the mine. We calculated the proportion of Part 90-eligible miners who participated during 1986-2016, examined participation by region, and compared characteristics of miners by participation status. Of the 3,547 eligible miners, 14.4% exercised their Part 90 option. Miners working in states outside central Appalachia, and those with more severe pneumoconiosis, were more likely to participate. The primary goal of respiratory health surveillance of coal miners is early detection of disease so that preventive action can be taken. Future studies should seek to better understand factors influencing Part 90 program participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reynolds
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cara N. Halldin
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - A. Scott Laney
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David J. Blackley
- Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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33
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Murphy SM, Chowdhury U, White SW, Reynolds L, Donald L, Gahan H, Iqbal Z, Kulkarni M, Scrivener L, Shaker-Naeeni H, Press DA. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Versus a Counselling Intervention for Anxiety in Young People with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3446-3457. [PMID: 28770527 PMCID: PMC5633643 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as a treatment for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been explored in a number of trials. Whilst CBT appears superior to no treatment or treatment as usual, few studies have assessed CBT against a control group receiving an alternative therapy. Our randomised controlled trial compared use of CBT against person-centred counselling for anxiety in 36 young people with ASD, ages 12-18. Outcome measures included parent- teacher- and self-reports of anxiety and social disability. Whilst each therapy produced improvements in participants, neither therapy was superior to the other to a significant degree on any measure. This is consistent with findings for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Murphy
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Uttom Chowdhury
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Susan W White
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Reynolds
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton University, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Louisa Donald
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Hilary Gahan
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Zeinab Iqbal
- Huntercombe Hospital, Buxton, Norwich, NR10 5RH, UK
| | - Mahesh Kulkarni
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Louise Scrivener
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Hadi Shaker-Naeeni
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
| | - Dee A Press
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Beech Close Resource Centre, Beech Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, LU6 3SD, UK
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34
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Reynolds L, Kostich S. Taking the sting out of assessment: is there a role for progress testing? Med Educ 2017; 51:768. [PMID: 28211078 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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35
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Pineda R, Guth R, Herring A, Reynolds L, Oberle S, Smith J. Enhancing sensory experiences for very preterm infants in the NICU: an integrative review. J Perinatol 2017; 37:323-332. [PMID: 27763631 PMCID: PMC5389912 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience alterations in sensory experiences. Defining types, timing and frequency of sensory-based interventions that optimize outcomes can inform environmental modifications. The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review on sensory-based interventions used with very preterm infants in the NICU to improve infant and parent outcomes. STUDY DESIGN The data sources include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Studies were identified that used sensory-based interventions in the NICU with preterm infants born ⩽32 weeks gestation, were published in a peer-reviewed journal between 1995 and 2015, and measured outcomes related to infant and parent outcomes. Studies were extracted from electronic databases and hand-searched from identified reference lists. RESULTS Eighty-eight articles were identified (31 tactile, 12 auditory, 3 visual, 2 kinesthetic, 2 gustatory/olfactory and 37 multimodal). There was evidence to support the use of kangaroo care, music and language exposure, and multimodal interventions starting at 25 to 28 weeks postmenstrual age. These interventions were related to better infant development and lower maternal stress, but not all findings were consistent. Limitations included lack of consistent outcome measures, study quality and gaps in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Most research identified interventions that were done for short periods of time. It is unclear what the potential is for improving outcomes if positive sensory exposures occur consistently throughout NICU hospitalization. Until more research defines appropriate sensory-based interventions to use with infants born very preterm in the NICU, information from this review can be combined with expert opinion and parent/family values to determine best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pineda
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Guth
- Center for Clinical Excellence, BJC HealthCare, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Herring
- Center for Clinical Excellence, BJC HealthCare, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Reynolds
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Oberle
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Smith
- St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA
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Reynolds L, Innes A, Poyner C, Hambidge S. ‘The stigma attached isn’t true of real life’: Challenging public perception of dementia through a participatory approach involving people with dementia (Innovative Practice). Dementia 2016; 16:219-225. [PMID: 26935835 DOI: 10.1177/1471301216635828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the potential impact of viewing public performances of an orchestra comprising people with dementia, family members, student volunteers and professional symphony orchestra members in contributing to challenging negative perceptions of dementia. Negative perceptions of dementia abound despite recent policy attempts to challenge the stigma associated with the condition. This paper reports on the findings from the performance element of a music project for people with dementia, known as the BUDI Orchestra, designed to replicate the traditional rehearse and perform cycle of musicians. Data were collected via self-completion questionnaires from audience members ( N = 109) at three public performances. The performances exceeded the expectations of the general public, and findings suggest a positive impact on perceptions of dementia, demonstrating the power and potential of participatory approaches showcasing the achievements of those living with dementia when attempting to raise awareness of dementia and challenge negative perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reynolds
- School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | - Anthea Innes
- School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Practice, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher Poyner
- School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah Hambidge
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, UK
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Vakkalagadda B, Lubin S, Reynolds L, Laing D, Marion A, Boulton D, LaCreta F, Löffler T. Kein Auftreten pharmakokinetischer Wechselwirkungen zwischen Saxagliptin und Dapagliflozin bei gesunden Probanden. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ross J, Webster R, Lechertier T, Reynolds L, Muntoni F, Beeson D, Hodivala-Dilke K, Conti F. Integrins are required for synaptic transmission and development of the neuromuscular junction. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Zlot A, Simckes M, Vines J, Reynolds L, Sullivan A, Scott MK, McLuckie JM, Kromer D, Hill VR, Yoder JS, Hlavsa MC. Norovirus Outbreak Associated With a Natural Lake Used for Recreation-Oregon, 2014. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2001-5. [PMID: 26086301 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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40
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Zlot A, Simckes M, Vines J, Reynolds L, PhD AS, Scott MK, McLuckie JM, Kromer D, Hill VR, Yoder JS, Hlavsa MC. Norovirus outbreak associated with a natural lake used for recreation - Oregon, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:485-90. [PMID: 25974632 PMCID: PMC4584822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In July 2014, Multnomah County public health officials investigated a norovirus outbreak among persons visiting Blue Lake Regional Park in Oregon. During the weekend of the reported illnesses (Friday, July 11-Sunday, July 13) approximately 15,400 persons visited the park. The investigation identified 65 probable and five laboratory-confirmed cases of norovirus infection (70 total cases). No hospitalizations or deaths were reported. Analyses from a retrospective cohort study revealed that swimming at Blue Lake during July 12-13 was significantly associated with illness during July 13-14 (adjusted relative risk = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-64.9). Persons who swam were more than twice as likely to become ill compared with those who did not swim in the lake. To control the outbreak, Blue Lake was closed for 10 days to prevent further illness. This investigation underscores the need for guidance for determining when to reopen untreated recreational water venues (e.g., lakes) associated with outbreaks, and communication tools to inform the public about the risks associated with swimming in untreated recreational water venues and measures that can prevent illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zlot
- Multnomah County Health Department
| | - Maayan Simckes
- Multnomah County Health Department
- CDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Kromer
- Metro, Blue Lake Regional Park, Fairview, Oregon
| | - Vincent R. Hill
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Jonathan S. Yoder
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
| | - Michele C. Hlavsa
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC
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41
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Ovilla-Martinez R, Cabrera A, Reynolds L, Calles-Payan D, Weber P. 183 EXCELLENT EARLY RESPONSE TO SUBCUTANEOUS AZACYTIDINE IN A PATIENT WITH JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITHOUT CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Martin SW, Pawloski L, Williams M, Weening K, DeBolt C, Qin X, Reynolds L, Kenyon C, Giambrone G, Kudish K, Miller L, Selvage D, Lee A, Skoff TH, Kamiya H, Cassiday PK, Tondella ML, Clark TA. Pertactin-negative Bordetella pertussis strains: evidence for a possible selective advantage. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 60:223-7. [PMID: 25301209 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent increase in Bordetella pertussis without the pertactin protein, an acellular vaccine immunogen, has been reported in the United States. Determining whether pertactin-deficient (PRN(-)) B. pertussis is evading vaccine-induced immunity or altering the severity of illness is needed. METHODS We retrospectively assessed for associations between pertactin production and both clinical presentation and vaccine history. Cases with isolates collected between May 2011 and February 2013 from 8 states were included. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 753 isolates, 640 (85%) were PRN(-). The age distribution differed between cases caused by PRN(-) B. pertussis and cases caused by B. pertussis producing pertactin (PRN(+)) (P = .01). The proportion reporting individual pertussis symptoms was similar between the 2 groups, except a higher proportion of PRN(+) case-patients reported apnea (P = .005). Twenty-two case-patients were hospitalized; 6% in the PRN(+) group compared to 3% in the PRN(-) group (P = .11). Case-patients having received at least 1 pertussis vaccine dose had a higher odds of having PRN(-) B. pertussis compared with unvaccinated case-patients (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-4.0). When restricted to case-patients at least 1 year of age and those age-appropriately vaccinated, the adjusted OR increased to 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2-6.1). CONCLUSIONS The significant association between vaccination and isolate pertactin production suggests that the likelihood of having reported disease caused by PRN(-) compared with PRN(+) strains is greater in vaccinated persons. Additional studies are needed to assess whether vaccine effectiveness is diminished against PRN(-) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey W Martin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lucia Pawloski
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Chas DeBolt
- Washington State Department of Health, Seattle
| | - Xuan Qin
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Miller
- Colorado Department of Health and Environment, Denver
| | | | - Adria Lee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tami H Skoff
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Thomas A Clark
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Campbell M, Reynolds L, Cunningham J, Minnis H, Gillberg C. Autism in Glasgow: cumulative incidence and the effects of referral age, deprivation and geographical location. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:688-94. [PMID: 22040464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Referrals to the Greater Glasgow Community Autism Team (CAT) made before the child's sixth birthday were analysed to obtain an estimation of the proportion of children in Greater Glasgow with childhood autism and investigate whether there were any variations in diagnosis rates, or in age at referral and diagnosis, depending on deprivation or geographical location. METHODS An analysis was made of the database recording referrals to Greater Glasgow CAT, between 2004 and 2007 inclusive, of children referred by age 6 years, comprising 584 cases. Cumulative incidence was calculated for childhood autism. Ages at referral and diagnosis were also analysed. RESULTS For this subset of children, there were 246 diagnosed cases of childhood autism, a cumulative incidence from 2004 until 2007 of 11.1 per year per 10,000 children aged 0-6 years. Of children with an eventual diagnosis of autism by age 6, 72% were referred by the age of 4 years. Deprivation was found to have an association with referral and diagnostic rates, with higher rates seen in the most deprived. There was geographical variation in the cumulative incidence of autism. CONCLUSION Given that the populations were not known to differ in any manner that would lead to a true variation, the geographical variation in the cumulative incidence of autism in children up to 6 years in Greater Glasgow observed in this study is likely to represent differences in the care pathway between areas. Such differences may also explain the observed association with deprivation. Reasons for the variation are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campbell
- Paediatric Epidemiology and Community Health Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Ahmed SF, Franey C, McDevitt H, Somerville L, Butler S, Galloway P, Reynolds L, Shaikh MG, Wallace AM. Recent trends and clinical features of childhood vitamin D deficiency presenting to a children's hospital in Glasgow. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96:694-6. [PMID: 20584848 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.173195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is unclear in the context of continuing demographic changes and the introduction of new public health measures. METHODS All cases in which vitamin D deficiency was suspected as the primary cause of the clinical presentation were studied. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2008, 160 cases of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency were identified with twice as many cases in 2008 (n, 42) as in the previous years. The median age of the cohort was 24 months (range 2 weeks-14 years).Three cases were recorded in children of European background, whereas the rest were in children of South Asian, Middle Eastern or sub-Saharan ethnic background. Presenting features included bowed legs in 64 (40%) and a fit in 19 (12%). In one infant, concerns were raised following a presentation with cardiac failure and hypocalcaemia. SUMMARY Symptomatic vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent in the West of Scotland. There is a need for effective public health education, action and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Ahmed
- Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK.
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Reynolds L, Latchford G, Duff A, Denton M, Lee T, Peckham D. 345* Decision making in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) about risk of infection: a vignette study. J Cyst Fibros 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(11)60357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reynolds L, Geach J, Parikh N, Dillaha L, Bull J. Safety and efficacy of Fentanyl Sublingual (SL) Spray in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. The Journal of Pain 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.02.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reynolds L, McKee M. Matching supply and demand for blood in Guizhou province, China: an unresolved challenge. J Public Health (Oxf) 2009; 32:103-9. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdp030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Goodman L, Torres B, Punke J, Reynolds L, Speas A, Ellis A, Budsberg S. Effects of Firocoxib and Tepoxalin on Healing in a Canine Gastric Mucosal Injury Model. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:56-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Whyte KL, Reynolds L. Improving correspondence-based communication in community paediatrics. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:740-2. [PMID: 18959571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Whyte
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.
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