1
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Ramendra R, Duong A, Zhang K, Havlin J, Ahmed M, Yeung J, Sage A, Keshavjee S, Martinu T. Airway Pepsinogen A4 is a Specific Marker of Gastric Aspiration and Predicts Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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2
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Duong A, Madu G, Moshkelgosha S, Yeung J, Cypel M, Keshavjee S, Martinu T, Juvet S. Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm Reveals Human Lung EVLP Perfusate Cell Populations are Associated with Donor Mode of Death and Post-Transplant Primary Graft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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3
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Mekhael O, Duong A, Dianti M, Tian A, Renaud-Picard B, Daigneault T, Juvet S, Martinu T. Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Expression in Epithelial Club Cells in Acute Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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4
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Duong A, Wong A, Ramendra R, Keshavjee S, Liu M, Juvet S, Martinu T. A Novel Rapid Collagenase A-Based Dissociation Strategy of Human Lung Tissue Maximizes Cell Yield and Minimizes Cellular Stress Responses. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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5
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Duong A, Moshkelgosha S, Ramendra R, Liu M, Hinz B, Keshavjee S, Juvet S, Martinu T. Isolation and Characterization of Osteopontin-Expressing Pulmonary Macrophages Associated with Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Humans. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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6
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Berra G, Allen J, Duong A, Levy L, Kawashima M, Renaud-Picard B, Ghany R, McInnis M, Keshavjee S, Yeung J, Juvet S, Martinu T. Transcriptional Landscape of Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection in Humans. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Duong A, Jeong H, El Sabbagh DES, Andreazza AC. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers in DSM-5 defined disorders and COVID-19: Evidence from published meta-analyses. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science 2022; 3:197-203. [PMID: 35103256 PMCID: PMC8793110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) as a global pandemic. At the center of SARS-CoV-2 is the activation of inflammatory markers; remarkably, interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein seem to be consistently elevated in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we showed that increased systemic C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 are common biomarkers of both severe COVID-19 and DSM-5-defined disorders. However, it is not known whether patients with psychiatric disorders with preexisting increased interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein are more vulnerable to severe complications of COVID-19 because of the additive inflammatory processes.
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8
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Duong A, Wanik J, Shanley E, Duffy V. Transitional Protocols for Malnourished Patients: A Case Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Duong A, Riddell P, Yeung J, Cypel M, Keshavjee S, Martinu T, Juvet S. Donor Neutrophils and B Cells in EVLP Perfusate are Associated with Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Daigneault T, Renaud-Picard B, Duong A, Berra G, Guan Z, Tian A, Juvet S, Martinu T. Epithelial and Immune Phenotyping of Distal Airway Cells in Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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11
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Duong A, Madu G, Putman D, Cypel M, Keshavjee S, Yeung J, Martinu T, Juvet S. Alterations in Perfusate Leukocyte Populations are Associated with Donor Mode of Death and the Outcome of Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Duong A, Evstratova A, Sivitilli A, Hernandez JJ, Gosio J, Wahedi A, Sondheimer N, Wrana JL, Beaulieu JM, Attisano L, Andreazza AC. Characterization of mitochondrial health from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4523. [PMID: 33633238 PMCID: PMC7907388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial health plays a crucial role in human brain development and diseases. However, the evaluation of mitochondrial health in the brain is not incorporated into clinical practice due to ethical and logistical concerns. As a result, the development of targeted mitochondrial therapeutics remains a significant challenge due to the lack of appropriate patient-derived brain tissues. To address these unmet needs, we developed cerebral organoids (COs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monitored mitochondrial health from the primary, reprogrammed and differentiated stages. Our results show preserved mitochondrial genetics, function and treatment responses across PBMCs to iPSCs to COs, and measurable neuronal activity in the COs. We expect our approach will serve as a model for more widespread evaluation of mitochondrial health relevant to a wide range of human diseases using readily accessible patient peripheral (PBMCs) and stem-cell derived brain tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Alesya Evstratova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adam Sivitilli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J Javier Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jessica Gosio
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Azizia Wahedi
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jeff L Wrana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jean-Martin Beaulieu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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13
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Daigneault T, Renaud-Picard B, Duong A, Berra G, Guan Z, Tian A, Juvet S, Martinu T. Epithelial and Immune Phenotyping of Distal Airway Cells in Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Mariscal A, Nykanen A, Tikkanen J, Ali A, Soltanieh S, Duong A, Galasso M, Juvet S, Martinu T, Cypel M, Liu M, Keshavjee S. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Treatment during Human Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Improves Lung Function by Protecting Lung Endothelium. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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15
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Moshkelgosha S, Duong A, Berra G, Renaud B, Daigneault T, Wilson G, Keshavjee S, Yeung J, MacParland S, Martinu T, Juvet S. Uncovering Salient Cellular Heterogeneity in Human Lung Transplantation Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Jeong H, Dimick MK, Sultan A, Duong A, Park SS, El Soufi El Sabbagh D, Goldstein BI, Andreazza AC. Peripheral biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 123:187-193. [PMID: 32078836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Impediment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results in a shift toward anaerobic respiration and lactate production. Elevated CNS lactate levels in adults with BD inform the need to evaluate lactate in peripheral samples and early in the course of BD. Furthermore, there exists a recent surge of investigations looking at circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) as a potential biomarker as they are released from cells under physiological stress, apoptosis, or bioenergetic compromise. OBJECTIVES To compare lactate and ccf-mtDNA, two different ways in assessing the mitochondrial health and function, in adolescents with BD versus healthy control adolescents (HC). METHODS One-hundred and five adolescents (n = 64 BD, n = 41 HC) were included. Serum lactate level was measured using a commercially available colorimetric kit. Serum ccf-mtDNA concentration was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction from ccfDNA purified by commercially available spin columns. Diagnosis and mood symptoms were evaluated using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS There is an increase in serum lactate level of adolescents with BD (1.319 ± 0.444 nmol/uL) versus HC (1.168 ± 0.353 nmol/uL; p = 0.043), but not ccf-mtDNA. Among BD adolescents, depression symptoms were negatively correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels (ρ = -0.289; p = 0.038) but loses significance when corrected for multiple comparison. Lactate was positively correlated with ccf-mtDNA in the overall sample (ρ = 0.201; p = 0.043). When examined by diagnosis, this association remained in BD (ρ = 0.273; p = 0.032), but not HC. CONCLUSION These preliminary results indicate that elevated lactate is observed even among adolescents early in their course of BD, that the association between lactate and ccf-mtDNA appears to be specific to BD, and that ccf-mtDNA is potentially associated with depression symptoms in adolescent BD. In addition, the effect of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of BD on peripheral lactate and ccf-mtDNA requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alysha Sultan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Sohyun Park
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana El Soufi El Sabbagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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17
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Branco CS, Duong A, Machado AK, Wu A, Scola G, Andreazza AC, Salvador M. Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze has neuroprotective action through mitochondrial modulation in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6013-6025. [PMID: 31452047 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain disorders (BD) including neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, are often associated with impairments in mitochondrial function and oxidative damage that can lead to neuronal injury. The mitochondrial complex I enzyme is one of the main sites of ROS generation and is implicated in many BD pathophysiologies. Despite advances in therapeutics for BD management, conventional pharmacotherapy still cannot efficiently control neuronal redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Araucaria angustifolia is one of the main pine species in South America and presents a notable therapeutic history in folk medicine. A. angustifolia extract (AAE), obtained from the natural waste named bracts, is rich in flavonoids; molecules able to regulate cell redox metabolism. We examined the effects of AAE on rotenone-induced mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. AAE restored complex I assembly and activity mainly through overexpression of NDUFS7 protein and NDUFV2 gene levels. These findings were accompanied by a reduction in the generation of neuronal reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Our data demonstrates, for the first time, that AAE exerts in vitro neuroprotective effects, thus making it an interesting source for future drug development in BD-associated mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Santos Branco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil.
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Abbie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Scola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil
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18
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Branco CS, Duong A, Machado AK, Scola G, Andreazza AC, Salvador M. Modulation of Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Targets by Polyphenols-rich Extract from Araucaria angustifolia in Larynx Carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:130-139. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180816142821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Araucaria angustifolia extract (AAE) is a polyphenol-rich extract that has gained interest
as a natural anticancer agent. Recent work suggests that AAE induces oxidative damage and apoptosis through its
action on decreasing complex I activity of the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Aims and Methods:
In the present study, we aimed to further examine the specific targets by which AAE exerts proapoptotic
effects in HEp-2 cancer cells. Specifically, the effect of AAE on the: 1) levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase
was assessed by ELISA assay; 2) levels of mitochondrial ETC complexes, focusing on complex I at the gene transcript
and protein level relevant to ROS generation was evaluated by multiplex ELISA followed by qRT-PCR and
immunoblotting; 3) mitochondrial network distribution analysis was assessed by MitoTracker Red CMXRos; and 4)
chemical variations on DNA was evaluated by dot-blotting in HEp-2 cells.
Results:
Results demonstrated that AAE increased protein levels of PDH, switching energy metabolism to oxidative
metabolism. Protein expression levels of complex I and III were found decreased in AAE-treated HEp-2 cells.
Analyzing the subunits of complex I, changes in protein and gene transcript levels of NDUFS7 and NDUFV2 were
found. Mitochondria staining after AAE incubation revealed changes in the mitochondrial network distribution. AAE
was able to induce DNA hypomethylation and decreased DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 activity.
Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate for the first time that AAE alters expression of NDUFS7 and NDUFV2
mitochondrial subunits and induce epigenetic changes in HEp-2 cancer cells leading to a possible suppression of
oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia S. Branco
- University of Caxias do Sul-Institute of Biotechnology Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alencar K. Machado
- Federal University of Santa Maria-Department of Biogenomics Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Scola
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mirian Salvador
- University of Caxias do Sul-Institute of Biotechnology Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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19
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Zuzarte P, Duong A, Figueira ML, Costa-Vitali A, Scola G. Current Therapeutic Approaches for Targeting Inflammation in Depression and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:674-687. [PMID: 29512447 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180305143501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression are extremely prevalent and debilitating conditions. Evidence suggest that there is a two-way relationship between depression and CVD. Inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of both conditions, thus representing a central candidate mediating the link between these disorders. Depression is consistently associated with increased inflammation and increased blood levels of inflammatory molecules. In recent years, studies have shown that depression significantly increases the risk of developing inflammatory-related diseases such as CVD, precipitated by the same inflammatory pathways involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD The aim of this work is to discuss the role of inflammation in depression and CVD and review the evidence of the benefits and side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in both the diseases. RESULTS Drugs with anti-inflammatory properties have shown benefit in alleviating signs and symptoms in CVD and in depression. This was shown to be particularly true for the following classes of drugs: non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) statins and cytokine inhibitors. Finally, antidepressant drugs initially used exclusively to treat depression also lead to improvement in CVD indicators, while lowering inflammation markers in patients at the same time. This evidence further strengthens the suggestion of the biological link between depression and CVD through inflammation. CONCLUSION Strategies that can mitigate this risk profile are highly needed in the clinical setting, and these particular groups of drugs have the possibility of becoming increasingly important in treatment strategies aiming to improve both the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Zuzarte
- Heart Failure Disease Management Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Duong
- University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Atilio Costa-Vitali
- Heart Failure Disease Management Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo Scola
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Abstract
AIMS The aims of this systematic review were to describe the quantity and methodological quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery published during the last 17 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016, were searched for meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery dealing with at least one surgical intervention. Meta-analyses were included if the interventions involved a human muscle, ligament, bone or joint. RESULTS A total of 392 meta-analyses met eligibility criteria, for which the mean AMSTAR quality score was 7.1/11. There was a positive correlation between the year of publication and the quality of the meta-analysis (r = 0.238, p < 0.001). Between 2000 and 2011, the mean AMSTAR score corresponded to that of a medium quality review. However, between 2012 and 2016, the mean scores have been consistently equivalent to those of a high-quality review. The number of meta-analyses published increased 10-fold between 2005 and 2014. CONCLUSION The quantity and quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery which have been published has increased, reaching a plateau in 2012. Methodological flaws remain to be addressed in future meta-analyses in order to continue increasing the quality of the orthopaedic literature. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1270-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manta
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - E Opingari
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Saleh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Sprague
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Peterson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Bhandari
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact and Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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21
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Zuzarte P, Scola G, Duong A, Kostiw K, Figueira ML, Costa-Vitali A. NT-proBNP is a potential mediator between reduced ejection fraction and depression in patients with heart failure. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:8-15. [PMID: 29913350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Reduced ejection fraction (EF) and increased N-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have been shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms and may therefore increase HF disease progression and mortality. This study evaluated whether NT-proBNP mediated the impact of reduced EF on depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with HF. Participants (n = 124) were patients with a diagnosis of chronic HF enrolled in the Heart Failure Disease Management Program at Health Sciences North. Subjects were assessed for depressive and anxiety symptoms according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire at enrolment. Ejection fraction, measured through Multigated Acquisition Technique and NT-proBNP, measured through chemiluminescent immunoassay, were obtained at baseline. Patient outcomes were monitored for 12-months after enrollment. Associations were determined using regression and multivariate models. Indirect effects were assessed using mediation analysis. EF and NT-proBNP were highly correlated. Mediation analysis showed no significant direct effect of EF on the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, however, there was a significant indirect effect of EF on depression that was mediated by the levels of NT-proBNP, but not for EF and anxiety. Our results suggest that NT-proBNP is a potential mechanism linking reduced EF and depressive symptoms in patients with HF. While results are still preliminary, this study suggests that NT-proBNP may be a potential biomarker in identifying HF patients with reduced EF at high risk for depression, disease progression and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Zuzarte
- Heart Failure Disease Management Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | - Atilio Costa-Vitali
- Heart Failure Disease Management Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Cardiovascular CRO, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Kuang H, Duong A, Jeong H, Zachos K, Andreazza AC. Lactate in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:546-555. [PMID: 29726068 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mood disorder with no specific biological marker. No novel treatment has been developed specifically for BD in the last several decades. Although the pathophysiology of BD remains unclear, there is strong evidence in the literature supporting the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD. In this systematic review, we identified and investigated 12 studies that measure lactate, which is a direct marker for mitochondrial dysfunction, in BD patients and healthy controls. Six studies measured lactate levels in the brain through proton echo-planar spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy and five of these studies reported significantly elevated lactate levels in patients with BD. Two studies reporting cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels also found significantly elevated lactate in BD compared to healthy controls. Two other studies that reported peripheral lactate levels did not demonstrate significant findings. The meta-analysis, using standardized means and a random-effect model for five studies that measured brain lactate levels, corroborated the findings of the systematic review. Although the meta-analysis had a nearly significant overall effect (Z = 1.97, P = 0.05), high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 86%) and possible publication bias suggest that the results should be interpreted with caution. To validate lactate abnormalities in BD, further studies should be carried out, including larger sample sizes, not excluding female patients, and using standardized methodologies. Peripheral lactate levels and other bioenergetic markers should be thoroughly studied to better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and to help develop more objective diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyunjin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kassandra Zachos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective cohort study reviewed dental implant treatment completed at the Adelaide Dental Hospital over a 20-year period. METHODS The database of implant treatment completed between 1996 and 2015 was analysed for patient, implant, prosthesis and operator specifics together with known implant status. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty patients (mean age, 51.50 years) were treated with 527 implants. One hundred and eighty-four female patients received 296 implants and 136 males received 231 implants. Three hundred implants were restored with single crowns, 147 implants were restored with 63 mandibular implant overdentures, five implants were restored with two maxillary implant overdentures and 67 implants were restored with 20 full-arch fixed prostheses. The overall known implant survival rate was 87.67%. Mandibular implant overdentures had a risk of implant failure four times that of single implant-retained crowns that was statistically significant (P = 0.0100). CONCLUSIONS Implant treatment completed in this public sector clinic using finite resources and a defined system of patient and restorative selection criteria demonstrated a high known implant survival rate. Utilizing a structured and maintained patient recall protocol, it would be ideal to investigate further parameters of interest, particularly those that could improve treatment delivery and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duong
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Dudley
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Oduwole KO, de Sa D, Kay J, Findakli F, Duong A, Simunovic N, Yi-Meng Y, Ayeni OR. Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement following slipped capital femoral epiphysis: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:472-480. [PMID: 28790036 PMCID: PMC5579313 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.bjr-2017-0018.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing literature from 2005 to 2016 reporting on the efficacy of surgical management of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) secondary to slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Methods The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched and screened in duplicate. Data such as patient demographics, surgical technique, surgical outcomes and complications were retrieved from eligible studies. Results Fifteen eligible level IV studies were included in this review comprising 261 patients (266 hips). Treatment groups included arthroscopic osteochondroplasty, surgical hip dislocation, and traditional open osteotomy. The mean alpha angle corrections were 32.14° (standard deviation (sd) 7.02°), 41.45° (sd 10.5°) and 6.0° (sd 5.21°), for arthroscopy, surgical hip dislocation, and open osteotomy groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Each group demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes across their respective scoring systems. Major complication rates were 1.6%, 10.7%, and 6.7%, for arthroscopy, surgical dislocation and osteotomy treatments, respectively. Conclusion In the context of SCFE-related FAI, surgical hip dislocation demonstrated improved correction of the alpha angle, albeit at higher complication and revision rates than both arthroscopic and open osteotomy treatments. Further investigation, including high-quality trials with standardised radiological and clinical outcome measures for young patients, is warranted to clarify treatment approaches and safety. Cite this article: K. O. Oduwole, D. de Sa, J. Kay, F. Findakli, A. Duong, N. Simunovic, Y. Yi-Meng, O. R. Ayeni. Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement following slipped capital femoral epiphysis: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:472–480. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.68.BJR-2017-0018.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Oduwole
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D de Sa
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kay
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Findakli
- Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Yi-Meng
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - O R Ayeni
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Scola G, Duong A. Prenatal maternal immune activation and brain development with relevance to psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 2017; 346:403-408. [PMID: 28153689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence from epidemiological studies strongly suggests maternal infection as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Animal studies support this association and demonstrate that maternal immune activation (MIA) changes brain morphology and inflammatory cytokines in the adult offspring. Evidence for changes in inflammatory cytokines is also demonstrated in human post-mortem brain and peripheral blood studies from subjects with psychiatric disorders. This perspective briefly highlights convincing evidence from epidemiological, preclinical and human pathological studies to support the role of MIA in major psychiatric disorders. A better understanding of the link between MIA and brain development in psychiatric disorders will lead to the development of novel immunomodulatory interventions for individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry at University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Duong A, Kay J, Khan M, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Authorship in the field of femoroacetabular impingement: an analysis of journal publications. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:94-100. [PMID: 26971106 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-4058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides a bibliometric analysis of the contributors to the field of FAI research. METHODS A comprehensive search of three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed) was performed to identify all clinical research articles on the topic of FAI (from inception to 2015). Cadaveric and animal studies were excluded. Study characteristics including authors, residing country of corresponding author, and journal were abstracted from the respective databases. RESULTS In total, 1073 articles were included in this review. There were a total of 5471 different authors who contributed to the field of FAI research, 28.3 % of whom were only published in one article. The top 20 authors were associated with over half of all publications, and research studies were typically performed in their countries of residence. The greatest proportion of FAI-related articles was published in the Journal of Arthroscopy and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. CONCLUSIONS The number of authors contributing to FAI research is increasing, suggesting not only increasing prevalence of FAI treatment among orthopaedic surgeons but also increasing interest among hip arthroscopists in furthering understanding regarding the diagnosis and management of the condition. The number of publications produced by the top 20 authors (and their affiliated countries: USA, Switzerland, Canada, and the UK) is expected to contribute to a majority of future publications. Current trends suggest that the quality of evidence will continue to improve in the near future, as large-scale, collaborative studies are currently underway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective study, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duong
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Kay
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Khan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - O R Ayeni
- McMaster University Medical Center, 1200 Main St W, Room 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Mohr J, Germain M, Winters M, Fraser S, Duong A, Garibaldi A, Simunovic N, Alsop D, Dao D, Bessemer R, Ayeni OR. Disinfection of human musculoskeletal allografts in tissue banking: a systematic review. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:573-584. [PMID: 27665294 PMCID: PMC5116033 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal allografts are typically disinfected using antibiotics, irradiation or chemical methods but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection protocols will not have the same level of microorganism kill; they may also have varying effects on the structural integrity of the tissue, which could lead to significant differences in terms of clinical outcome in recipients. Ideally, a disinfection protocol should achieve the greatest bioburden reduction with the lowest possible impact on tissue integrity. A systematic review of three databases found 68 laboratory and clinical studies that analyzed the microbial bioburden or contamination rates of musculoskeletal allografts. The use of peracetic acid–ethanol or ionizing radiation was found to be most effective for disinfection of tissues. The use of irradiation is the most frequently published method for the terminal sterilization of musculoskeletal allografts; it is widely used and its efficacy is well documented in the literature. However, effective disinfection results were still observed using the BioCleanse™ Tissue Sterilization process, pulsatile lavage with antibiotics, ethylene oxide, and chlorhexidine. The variety of effective methods to reduce contamination rate or bioburden, in conjunction with limited high quality evidence provides little support for the recommendation of a single bioburden reduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mohr
- Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada
| | - M Germain
- Héma-Québec, 1070 Sciences-de-la-Vie Avenue, Quebec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - M Winters
- Nelson Laboratories, 6280 South Redwood Road, Salt Lake City, UT, 84123-6600, USA
| | - S Fraser
- Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - A Garibaldi
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - D Alsop
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - D Dao
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - R Bessemer
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - O R Ayeni
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada. .,McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St W, Room 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Kay J, Memon M, de Sa D, Duong A, Simunovic N, Athwal GS, Ayeni OR. Five-year publication rate of clinical presentations at the open and closed American shoulder and elbow surgeons annual meeting from 2005-2010. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:21. [PMID: 27613708 PMCID: PMC5017974 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-016-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the five-year publication rate of papers presented at both the open and closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons' (ASES) annual meetings from 2005 to 2010. METHODS Online abstracts of the presentations at the open and closed ASES annual meetings were independently screened for clinical studies and graded for quality using level of evidence. The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid (MEDLINE), and EMBASE were comprehensively searched for full-text publications corresponding to these presentations and any paper published within five years of the presentation date was counted. RESULTS Overall, 131/266 papers corresponding to the meeting presentations were identified for a five-year publication rate of 49.2 %. Sixty two (48 %) of the papers were published in The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 23 (18 %) were published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, and 20 (16 %) were published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. The mean patient sample size included in presentations with a subsequent full-text publication was higher (154; standard error =27) than the presentations not published (93; standard error = 13) (p = 0.039). There was no correlation (p = 0.248) between the publication rate and the level of evidence of the presentations. CONCLUSIONS The publication rate of presentations at ASES meetings from 2005 to 2010 is similar to that reported from other orthopaedic meetings. Studies with large sample sizes should continue to be encouraged, and high quality presentations must consistently be followed up with full-text manuscript preparation in order to maximize the future clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kay
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Memon
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D de Sa
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - G S Athwal
- Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Center, St Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - O R Ayeni
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. .,McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main Street West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5.
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Germain M, Strong DM, Dowling G, Mohr J, Duong A, Garibaldi A, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Disinfection of human cardiac valve allografts in tissue banking: systematic review report. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:593-601. [PMID: 27522194 PMCID: PMC5116039 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular allografts are usually disinfected using antibiotics, but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection protocols will not have the same level of efficacy; they may also have varying effects on the structural integrity of the tissue, which could lead to significant differences in terms of clinical outcome in recipients. Ideally, a disinfection protocol should achieve the greatest bioburden reduction with the lowest possible impact on tissue integrity. We conducted a systematic review of methods applied to disinfect cardiovascular tissues. The use of multiple broad spectrum antibiotics in conjunction with an antifungal agent resulted in the greatest reduction in bioburden. Antibiotic incubation periods were limited to less than 24 h, and most protocols incubated tissues at 4 °C, however one study demonstrated a greater reduction of microbial load at 37 °C. None of the reviewed studies looked at the impact of these disinfection protocols on the risk of infection or any other clinical outcome in recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germain
- Héma-Québec, 1070 Sciences-de-la-Vie Avenue, Quebec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - D M Strong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 98104, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Dowling
- Comprehensive Tissue Centre, 8230 Aberhart Centre, 11402 University Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada
| | - J Mohr
- Canadian Blood Services, 270 John Savage Ave., Dartmouth, NS, B3B 0H7, Canada
| | - A Duong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - A Garibaldi
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - N Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada
| | - O R Ayeni
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 293 Wellington St. N, Suite 110, Hamilton, ON, L8L 8E7, Canada. .,McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St W, Room 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Machado AK, Pan AY, da Silva TM, Duong A, Andreazza AC. Upstream Pathways Controlling Mitochondrial Function in Major Psychosis: A Focus on Bipolar Disorder. Can J Psychiatry 2016; 61:446-56. [PMID: 27310240 PMCID: PMC4959649 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716648297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and may be a central feature of psychosis. These illnesses are complex and heterogeneous, which is reflected by the complexity of the processes regulating mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are typically associated with energy production; however, dysfunction of mitochondria affects not only energy production but also vital cellular processes, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle and survival, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and neurotransmission. In this review, we characterize the upstream components controlling mitochondrial function, including 1) mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 2) mitochondrial dynamics, and 3) intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Characterizing and understanding the upstream factors that regulate mitochondrial function is essential to understand progression of these illnesses and develop biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Alexander Yongshuai Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
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Fraunberger EA, Scola G, Laliberté VLM, Duong A, Andreazza AC. Redox Modulations, Antioxidants, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2016:4729192. [PMID: 26640614 PMCID: PMC4657108 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4729192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although antioxidants, redox modulations, and neuropsychiatric disorders have been widely studied for many years, the field would benefit from an integrative and corroborative review. Our primary objective is to delineate the biological significance of compounds that modulate our redox status (i.e., reactive species and antioxidants) as well as outline their current role in brain health and the impact of redox modulations on the severity of illnesses. Therefore, this review will not enter into the debate regarding the perceived medical legitimacy of antioxidants but rather seek to clarify their abilities and limitations. With this in mind, antioxidants may be interpreted as natural products with significant pharmacological actions in the body. A renewed understanding of these often overlooked compounds will allow us to critically appraise the current literature and provide an informed, novel perspective on an important healthcare issue. In this review, we will introduce the complex topics of redox modulations and their role in the development of select neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Fraunberger
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gustavo Scola
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Victoria L. M. Laliberté
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
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Khraishi M, Aslanov R, Rampakakis E, Duong A, Sampalis J. SAT0306 Radiographic changes in patients with early psoriatic arthritis:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tsai TF, Yu HS, Rampakakis E, Duong A, White R, Acosta C, Sampalis J. Assessment of burden of illness due to herpes zoster and predictors of outcomes in Taiwan: a prospective observational study. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Saumier D, Duong A, Haine D, Garceau D, Sampalis J. Domain-specific cognitive effects of tramiprosate in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: ADAS-cog subscale results from the Alphase Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13:808-12. [PMID: 19812871 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tramiprosate (homotaurine, ALZHEMEDTM) was recently investigated for its efficacy, safety and disease-modification effects in a Phase III clinical study in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (the Alphase study). The primary cognitive endpoint measure of that study was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). To characterize potential cognitive benefits of tramiprosate, the present study describes exploratory analyses performed on scores obtained from the specific ADAS-cog subscales in order to determine whether specific domains of cognition may be differentially affected by tramiprosate, which would not have been evident from the measure's total score. DESIGN Multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING 67 investigative sites in the United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,052 patients were randomized. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive twice a day Placebo (n=353), tramiprosate 100 mg (n=352) and tramiprosate 150 mg (n=347). MEASUREMENTS ADAS-cog assessments were conducted every three months over the 78-week study period. Exploratory analyses were performed by comparing ADAS-cog subscale scores between Placebo and each active treatment arm at each visit. RESULTS The findings of this analysis revealed statistically significant differences or statistical trends in favour of tramiprosate on six ADAS-cog subscales, namely Following Commands, Language Comprehension, Ideational Praxis, Object Naming, Remembering Test Instructions, and Spoken Language Ability. Differences in favor of Placebo were only observed on the Constructional Praxis subscale. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis suggests that tramiprosate may have some benefit on memory, language and praxis skills in mild to moderate AD individuals. Future clinical studies of tramiprosate should include specialized neuropsychological tests to validate its effects within these cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saumier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Gauthier S, Aisen PS, Ferris SH, Saumier D, Duong A, Haine D, Garceau D, Suhy J, Oh J, Lau W, Sampalis J. Effect of tramiprosate in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: exploratory analyses of the MRI sub-group of the Alphase study. J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13:550-7. [PMID: 19536424 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficacy, safety and disease-modification of tramiprosate (homotaurine)were investigated in a recently completed large-scale Phase III clinical study in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), the Alphase study. Disease-modification was assessed using longitudinal volumetric MRI (vMRI) measurements of the hippocampus in a subgroup of patients. The present study describes the vMRI, cognitive and clinical results obtained in this subgroup. DESIGN Multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in a subset of the 1052 patients of the Alphase study. SETTING 51 vMRI investigative sites in the United States and Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 508 patients underwent vMRI scanning. Of these, 312 provided scan pairs for assessing hippocampus volume changes and were included in the analyses. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive Placebo BID (n = 109), tramiprosate 100 mg BID (n = 103), or tramiprosate 150 mg BID (n = 100) for 78 weeks. MEASUREMENTS Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum-of-boxes CDR-SB assessments were conducted at Baseline and at Weeks 13, 26, 39, 52, 65 and 78. Exploratory analyses were performed using similar First and Final mixed-effects repeated-measures models that were used for the analysis of the entire patient dataset. RESULTS Psychometric score results showed numerical trends in favour of tramiprosate that did not reach statistical significance. While there were no statistically significant group differences in hippocampus volume using the First modeling approach, a significant dose-response reduction in hippocampus volume change was found in the Final models. Moreover, there was a marginally significant overall treatment main effect and a significant slope difference in favour of tramiprosate according to the Final model analysis of the ADAS-cog scores. ADAS-cog scores analyzed according to this model also revealed differences in favor of the tramiprosate 150 mg group at weeks 26 and 52, with marginally significant differences at Weeks 13 and 39. Slope analyses of ADAS-cog score changes showed significant differences in favor of the 150 mg BID group, and when both active groups were combined, in comparison to the placebo group. No between-group differences with respect to changes to each visit in the CDR-SB were observed with either modeling approach. Although there was a similar dose-response relationship observed in the hippocampus volume and ADAS-cog Final model analyses, the overall changes in psychometric scores and hippocampus volume were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSION Exploratory analysis of the vMRI subgroup suggests that tramiprosate slows hippocampal atrophy, and reveals some evidence of a beneficial effect on cognition. The clinical validity of the vMRI biomarker is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gauthier
- McGill Ctr/Studies in Aging 6825 Lasalle Blvd, Verdun, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
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Saumier D, Aisen PS, Gauthier S, Vellas B, Ferris SH, Duong A, Suhy J, Oh J, Lau W, Garceau D, Haine D, Sampalis J. Lessons learned in the use of volumetric MRI in therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease: the ALZHEMED (Tramiprosate) experience. J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13:370-2. [PMID: 19300884 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Saumier
- BELLUS Health Inc., 275 boul. Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Fifty-three healthy older adults were produced stories induced by two types of picture stimuli (single picture and picture sequence). Discourse samples were analyzed for: (1) percentage of expected main ideas (which reflect conceptual processing) and (2) number of transitional markers (which reflect organizational processing). Results indicate that the older group (75 to 84 years) produced a lower percentage of main ideas and less transitional markers than the younger group (65 to 74 years). Both groups also showed better performance in response to the picture sequence than to the single picture. For the percentage of expected main ideas, however, a superior performance in response to the picture sequence was observed only among older subjects with higher (11 to 18 years) but not lower (4 to 10 years) levels of formal education. The role of education and the importance of stimulus type in discourse-specific tasks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duong
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
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Fallon J, Reid S, Kinyamu R, Opole I, Opole R, Baratta J, Korc M, Endo TL, Duong A, Nguyen G, Karkehabadhi M, Twardzik D, Patel S, Loughlin S. In vivo induction of massive proliferation, directed migration, and differentiation of neural cells in the adult mammalian brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:14686-91. [PMID: 11121069 PMCID: PMC18979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.26.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an in vivo procedure for the induction of massive proliferation, directed migration, and neurodifferentiation (PMD) in the damaged adult central nervous system would hold promise for the treatment of human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. We investigated the in vivo induction of PMD in the forebrain of the adult rat by using a combination of 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and infusions of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) into forebrain structures. Only in animals with both lesion and infusion of TGFalpha was there a rapid proliferation of forebrain stem cells followed by a timed migration of a ridge of neuronal and glial progenitors directed toward the region of the TGFalpha infusion site. Subsequently, increasing numbers of differentiated neurons were observed in the striatum. In behavioral experiments, there was a significant reduction of apomorphine-induced rotations in animals receiving the TGFalpha infusions. These results show that the brain contains stem cells capable of PMD in response to an exogenously administered growth factor. This finding has significant implications with respect to the development of treatments for both acute neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fallon
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA.
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Abstract
We explored the possibility that quantitative analysis of the relationship between sucrose concentration and sham intake differentiated how various treatments affected the intake of sweet solutions. Rats were sham fed sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 0.03125 to 1.5 M. Under different treatment conditions, intake concentration functions were generated that plotted amount sham fed against sucrose concentration. Sucrose concentration that yielded 50% maximal sham intake were calculated to indicate the position of the concentration-intake function on the x-axis. Quinine adulteration of sucrose solutions and injection of 0.5 mg/kg i.p. of the dopamine antagonist pimozide reduced sham intake and shifted the concentration-intake function to the right. Lithium chloride (60 mg/kg i.p.) injected 30 min before sham feeding, a reduction of food deprivation from 18 to 6 h before sham feeding, and 6 micrograms/kg cholecystokinin octapeptide reduced sham intake equivalent amounts but did not shift the concentration-intake functions along the x-axis. The data indicate that of several factors that reduce sham feeding, only some also shift the position of concentration-intake curves, and these curve shifts may identify intake changes mediated by alterations in the processing of the taste input.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Weingarten
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Anthony RV, Smith GW, Duong A, Pratt SL, Smith MF. Two forms of the prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid are Present in ovine fetal liver and adult ovary. Endocrine 1995; 3:291-5. [PMID: 21153177 DOI: 10.1007/bf03021408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1994] [Accepted: 12/22/1994] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous binding studies indicated that there is little to no specific prolactin binding in ovine fetal liver and adult ovary. Therefore, we sought to determine if ovine prolactin receptor (PRLR) mRNA is present in those tissues. Primers were designed from the bovine PRLR cDNA sequence for use in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR analysis of ovine fetal liver total cellular RNA (tcRNA) isolated from days 60, 90, 105, 120 and 135 of gestation, and luteal tcRNA isolated from days 3, 7, 10, 13 and 16 of the estrous cycle revealed that PRLR mRNA was present in these tissues. However, two RT-PCR products were generated from both tissues. The two RT-PCR products did not differ between the two tissue sources in sequence, and were designated oPRLR-1 and oPRLR-2. Ovine PRLR-1 is 513 bp in length and is 96.4% identical to the bovine cDNA. Ovine PRLR-2 is identical to oPRLR-1 until nucleotide (nt) 420 at which point a 39 bp insertion occurs. This insertion occurs between Homology Boxes 1 and 2 within the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, resulting in an 11 amino acid divergent sequence, followed by two stop codons. Ribonuclease-protection assay revealed that oPRLR-1 mRNA is the most abundant in these tissues. Our data indicate that two forms of oPRLR mRNA are Present in fetal liver and adult ovary, and that one form (oPRLR-2) is predicted to encode a truncated PRLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Anthony
- Department of Physiology, Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Abstract
We examined the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) receptors in the brain and periphery in the control of sham and real feeding of sucrose solutions. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of pimozide, an antagonist of peripheral and brain DA receptors, suppressed both sham and real feeding in a dose-related manner. In contrast, IP injections of domperidone, a DA antagonist restricted to peripheral receptors, had no effect on either sham or real feeding. The inability of domperidone to influence sucrose intake did not result from a lack of biological activity of the drug because the identical doses of domperidone that failed to alter eating significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion. The results implicate central, but not peripheral, DA receptors in the control of the ingestion of palatable foods and also suggest that sham feeding is more sensitive to DA antagonism than real feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duong
- Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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