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Dagla I, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. Two Fast GC-MS Methods for the Measurement of Nicotine, Propylene Glycol, Vegetable Glycol, Ethylmaltol, Diacetyl, and Acetylpropionyl in Refill Liquids for E-Cigarettes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041902. [PMID: 36838889 PMCID: PMC9961753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of e-cigarettes (ECs) has become increasingly popular worldwide, even though scientific results have not established their safety. Diacetyl (DA) and acetylpropionyl (AP), which can be present in ECs, are linked with lung diseases. Ethyl maltol (EM)-the most commonly used flavoring agent-can be present in toxic concentrations. Until now, there is no methodology for the determination of nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), EM, DA, and acetylpropionyl in e-liquids that can be used as a quality control procedure. Herein, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for the development of analytical methodologies for these substances. Two GC-MS methodologies were developed and fully validated, fulfilling the standards for the integration in a routine quality control procedure by manufacturers. As proof of applicability, the methodology was applied for the analysis of several e-liquids. Differences were observed between the labeled and the experimental levels of PG, VG, and nicotine. Three samples contained EM at higher concentrations compared to the other samples, while only one contained DA. These validated methodologies can be used for the quality control analysis of EC liquid samples regarding nicotine, PG, and VG amounts, as well as for the measurement of the EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Dagla
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-746-2702
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Dagla I, Iliou A, Benaki D, Gikas E, Mikros E, Bagratuni T, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Tsarbopoulos A. Plasma Metabolomic Alterations Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination Reveal Putative Biomarkers Reflecting the Immune Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071241. [PMID: 35406806 PMCID: PMC8997405 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is currently the most effective strategy for the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA vaccines trigger the immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. However, the underlying molecular processes affecting immune response after vaccination remain poorly understood, while there is significant heterogeneity in the immune response among individuals. Metabolomics have often been used to provide a deeper understanding of immune cell responses, but in the context of COVID-19 vaccination such data are scarce. Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics were used to provide insights based on the baseline metabolic profile and metabolic alterations induced after mRNA vaccination in paired blood plasma samples collected and analysed before the first and second vaccination and at 3 months post first dose. Based on the level of NAbs just before the second dose, two groups, "low" and "high" responders, were defined. Distinct plasma metabolic profiles were observed in relation to the level of immune response, highlighting the role of amino acid metabolism and the lipid profile as predictive markers of response to vaccination. Furthermore, levels of plasma ceramides along with certain amino acids could emerge as predictive biomarkers of response and severity of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Dagla
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Iliou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (A.I.); (D.B.)
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (A.I.); (D.B.)
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (A.I.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +30-2107274813 (E.M.); +30-2107462702 (A.T.)
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (T.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece;
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (A.T.); Tel.: +30-2107274813 (E.M.); +30-2107462702 (A.T.)
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Lemonakis N, Mougios V, Halabalaki M, Dagla I, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL, Gikas E. Effect of Supplementation with Olive Leaf Extract Enriched with Oleuropein on the Metabolome and Redox Status of Athletes’ Blood and Urine—A Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020195. [PMID: 35208268 PMCID: PMC8878006 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OE) is a secoiridoid glycoside occurring mostly in the Oleaceae family and presenting several pharmacological properties, including hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Based on these, several dietary supplements containing olive leaf extracts enriched with OE are commercially available in many countries. The current study aimed to examine the effect of supplementation with such an extract on the serum and urine metabolome of young healthy male athletes. For this purpose, applying a randomized, balanced, double-blind study, nine young, healthy males (physical education students) received either a commercially prepared extract or placebo for one week, followed by a two-week washout period; then, they were subsequently dosed with the alternate scheme (crossover design). Urine and serum samples were analyzed using UHPLC-HRMS, followed by evaluation with several multivariate methods of data analysis. The data were interpreted using a multilevel metabolomic approach (multilevel-sPLSDA) as it was found to be the most efficient approach for the study design. Metabolic pathway analysis of the most affected metabolites revealed that tryptophan and acylcarnitine’s biochemistries were most influenced. Furthermore, several metabolites connected to indole metabolism were detected, which may indicate enhanced serotonin turnover. Phenylethylamine and related metabolites, as well as estrone, were connected to enhanced performance. In addition, possible changes to the lipidemic profile and the blood and urine redox statuses were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Lemonakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.H.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.H.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Ioanna Dagla
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece; (I.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece; (I.D.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (N.L.); (M.H.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4850
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Ntasi G, Tsarbopoulos A, Mikros E, Gikas E. Targeted Metabolomics: The LC-MS/MS Based Quantification of the Metabolites Involved in the Methylation Biochemical Pathways. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070416. [PMID: 34202851 PMCID: PMC8307054 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical methylation reactions mediate the transfer of the methyl group regulating vital biochemical reactions implicated in various diseases as well as the methylation of DNA regulating the replication processes occurring in living organisms. As a finite number of methyl carriers are involved in the methyl transfer, their quantification could aid towards the assessment of an organism's methylation potential. An Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography-Liquid Chromatography Multiple Reaction Monitoring (HILIC-LC-MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) methodology was developed and validated according to Food & Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) for the simultaneous determination of nine metabolites i.e., B12, folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, betaine, phosphocholine, N,N-dimethylglycine, and deoxythymidine monophosphate in human blood plasma. The sample pretreatment was based on a single step Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methodology using C18 cartridges. The methodology was found to accurately quantitate the analytes under investigation according to the corresponding dynamic range proposed in the literature for each analyte. The applicability of the method was assessed using blood donor samples and its applicability demonstrated by the assessment of their basal levels, which were shown to agree with the established basal levels. The methodology can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as for epigenetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntasi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece or (G.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 13 Levidou Street, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece or (G.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 13 Levidou Street, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Gikas E, Koulakiotis NS, Tsarbopoulos A. Phytochemical Differentiation of Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Metabolomic Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082180. [PMID: 33920081 PMCID: PMC8069427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite profiling of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) from several countries was measured by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to distinguish among the several samples of C. sativus L. from Greece, Italy, Morocco, Iran, India, Afghanistan and Kashmir. The results of this study showed that the phytochemical content in the samples of C. sativus L. were obviously diverse in the different countries of origin. The metabolomics approach was deemed to be the most suitable in order to evaluate the enormous array of putative metabolites among the saffron samples studied, and was able to provide a comparative phytochemical screening of these samples. Several markers have been identified that aided the differentiation of a group from its counterparts. This can be important for the selection of the appropriate saffron sample, in view of its health-promoting effect which occurs through the modulation of various biological and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Gikas
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 14562 Kifissia, Greece;
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462-702
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Koulakiotis NS, Purhonen P, Gikas E, Hebert H, Tsarbopoulos A. Publisher Correction: Crocus-derived compounds alter the aggregation pathway of Alzheimer's Disease - associated beta amyloid protein. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3315. [PMID: 33531654 PMCID: PMC7854578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasi Purhonen
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S‑141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Hans Hebert
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S‑141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 14562, Kifissia, Greece. .,Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Tsarbopoulos A. Alzheimer's disease: exploring nature's 'medicinal chest' for new therapeutic agents. Biomol Concepts 2020; 11:201-208. [PMID: 34233431 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have served humanity as a valuable source for the discovery and development of therapeutic agents. In addition, these phytochemicals can function as lead compounds for the development of synthetic analogs aimed at treating human diseases. In our aging society, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which is characterized by a significant and progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As society demographics change, the predominance of AD and other age-related dementias is increasing, with concurrent financial and societal costs.AD represents one of the most remarkable scientific challenges for drug discovery as the search for effective disease-modifying agents has been unsuccessful. Medicinal plants have been used for their "anti-aging" properties, and cognitive enhancing properties. In the past decades, natural products have been studied for their anti-AD properties, and their potential for developing therapeutic agents against several molecular targets has been evaluated. This insight evaluates the prospects of medicinal plants for providing disease-modifying, as well as disease-preventing, agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece, Athens 11527, Greece.,GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia14562, Greece
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Kokras N, Poulogiannopoulou E, Sotiropoulos MG, Paravatou R, Goudani E, Dimitriadou M, Papakonstantinou E, Doxastakis G, Perrea DN, Hloupis G, Angelis A, Argyropoulou A, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL, Dalla C. Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Total Phenolic Content and Sideritis Extract in Female Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215000. [PMID: 33126727 PMCID: PMC7663189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive and behavioral effects of extra virgin olive oil total phenolic content (TPC) and Sideritis (SID) extracts in female mice, and identify the associated neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. All animals received intraperitoneal low or high doses of TPC, SID or vehicle treatment for 7 days and were subjected to the Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were dissected for analysis of neurotransmitters and aminoacids with high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Both TPC doses enhanced vertical activity and center entries in the OF, which could indicate an anxiolytic-like effect. In addition, TPC enhanced non-spatial working memory and, in high doses, exerted antidepressant effects. On the other hand, high SID doses remarkably decreased the animals’ overall activity. Locomotor and exploratory activities were closely associated with cortical increases in serotonin turnover induced by both treatments. Cognitive performance was linked to glutamate level changes. Furthermore, TPC reduced cortical taurine levels, while SID reduced cortical aspartate levels. TPC seems to have promising cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, whereas SID has sedative effects in high doses. Both extracts act in the brain, but their specific actions and properties merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 72–74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Poulogiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Marinos G. Sotiropoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Rafaella Paravatou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Eleni Goudani
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Dimitriadou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Electra Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - George Doxastakis
- Electronic Devices and Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spiridonos 28, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (G.H.)
| | - Despina N. Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Hloupis
- Electronic Devices and Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spiridonos 28, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (G.H.)
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- Bioanalytical Department, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Othonos 100, Kifissia, 14562 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.K.); (E.P.); (M.G.S.); (R.P.); (E.G.); (M.D.); (E.P.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Dagla I, Tsarbopoulos A, Gikas E. Design of experiments guided multivariate calibration for the quantitation of injectable colistimethate sodium by ultra performance liquid chromatography - High resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 220:121406. [PMID: 32928422 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colistimethate sodium (CMS) is a widely administrated old-generation prodrug for the treatment of the life-threatening infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Until now, the quality control procedure of the CMS commercial products is based on microbiological assays. The aim of the study is the development of a chemical analysis methodology based on liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) that could be used for the quality control of CMS products. The careful optimization of the LC and QToF-MS parameters was deemed crucial, as CMS is known to be a very complex mixture. Thus, a two stage Design of Experiments (DoE) pipeline has been followed, aiming towards the separation of the mixture components. According to the DoE results, a baseline-resolved chromatogram revealing more than 20 compounds was achieved. The separation was performed using a Waters Acquity BEH C8 column employing gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of aq. ammonium formate 0.005 M (pH 6) (solvent A) and methanol/acetonitrile 79/21 (v/v) (solvent B). A second optimization experiment for the MS signal was employed in order to achieve maximum sensitivity. The singly charged signals were monitored for the validation in the positive ion mode. The calibration curve range was 50-110 μg mL-1, corresponding to the 80-120% of the nominal CMS amount in the commercial products. Due to the complexity of the CMS chromatograms and the corresponding spectrum of each chromatographic peak, untargeted and targeted approaches were performed employing the MZmine software. Furthermore, apart from the classical univariate statistical analysis, partial least squares regression (PLS-R) model was also employed, as the variables were more than the observations. The developed methodology has been employed to analyze several batches and inconsistences have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Dagla
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Descriptive-Functional Studies, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece.
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Zeliou K, Koui EM, Papaioannou C, Koulakiotis NS, Iatrou G, Tsarbopoulos A, Papasotiropoulos V, Lamari FN. Metabolomic fingerprinting and genetic discrimination of four Hypericum taxa from Greece. Phytochemistry 2020; 174:112290. [PMID: 32087928 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum has plenty of uses in traditional medicine and is the source of top-selling herbal drugs and food supplements. The secondary metabolite chemistry for most of the nearly 500 Hypericum taxa is still unknown, even though they are used interchangeably. In the present study, we characterized four Hypericum populations from Achaia, Greece, belonging to H. perforatum ssp. veronense, H. perfoliatum, H. triquetrifolium, and an uninvestigated taxon, H. empetrifolium ssp. empetrifolium, in terms of their essential oils and polar bioactives in methanolic extracts via GC-MS, LC-HRMS, LC-DAD-MS, and HPLC-DAD. We also performed sequence analysis of nrITS to explore the genetic profile of these taxa and to examine whether their genotype is correlated to the metabolome. Sixty-three non-volatile compounds, phloroglucinols in their majority, and over one hundred (113) volatiles, mostly sesqui- and mono- terpenes, were detected. The concentration of the major polar constituents varied greatly among samples. In particular, phloroglucinols' diversity and abundance in H. empetrifolium ssp. empetrifolium was remarkable. The PCA and Biplot analysis revealed the contribution of each compound to the total chemodiversity and also revealed certain compounds that contribute to the discrimination of the samples. Sequence analysis of nrITS revealed different genetic profiles and markers which can be used for the identification of the four Hypericum taxa. The Mantel test showed a relatively strong correlation between the genetic profile and the volatile compounds and low with the main polar metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zeliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Koui
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charikleia Papaioannou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Theodoropoulou Str, 27200 Amaliada, Greece
| | | | - Gregoris Iatrou
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 14562, Kifissia, Greece; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotini N Lamari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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11
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Karkoula E, Dagla IV, Baira E, Kokras N, Dalla C, Skaltsounis AL, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. A novel UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics strategy enables the discovery of potential neuroactive metabolites in mice plasma, following i.p. administration of the main Crocus sativus L. bioactive component. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112878. [PMID: 31561062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trans-crocin 4 (TC4) is an important carotenoid constituent of saffron showing potential activity against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to its antioxidant and antiamyloidogenic properties. Metabolomics is an emerging scientific field that enhances biomarker discovery and reveals underlying biochemical mechanisms aiming towards the early subclinical diagnosis of diseases. To date, there are no reports on the changes induced to mice plasma metabolome after TC4 administration. We report a novel untargeted UHPLC-ESI HRMS metabolomics strategy to determine the alteration of the metabolic fingerprint following i.p. administration of TC4 in male and female mice. Blood samples from fiftysix mice treated with TC4 as well as from control animals were analyzed with UHPLC-ESI HRMS. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by multivariate analysis (MVA), i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in order to discover the variables that contributed to the discrimination between treated and untreated groups which were identified by online database searching (e.g., Metlin, HMDB, KEGG) aided by chemometric processing, e.g., covariance searching etc. Due to the high variability imposed by various factors, e.g., sex of the animals participating in the study, administration dose and time-points of sacrifice, multilevel sparse PLS-DA analysis, e.g., splitting variation to each individual component, has been employed as a more efficient approach for such designs. This methodology allowed the identification of the time sequence of metabolome changes due to the administration of TC4, whereas a sex-related effect on the metabolome is indicated, denoting that the administration in both sexes is indispensable in order to acquire safe conclusions as reliable metabolome pictures. The results demonstrated a number of annotated metabolites playing a potential role in neuroprotection while they are closely related to AD. Moreover, five additional annotated metabolites were involved in the steroid biosynthesis pathway while two of them may be considered as putative neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Karkoula
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Valentini Dagla
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Baira
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evagelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece.
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12
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Chalatsa I, Arvanitis DA, Mikropoulou EV, Giagini A, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Aligiannis N, Halabalaki M, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis LA, Sanoudou D. Beneficial Effects of Sideritis scardica and Cichorium spinosum against Amyloidogenic Pathway and Tau Misprocessing in Alzheimer's Disease Neuronal Cell Culture Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:787-800. [PMID: 29914017 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are a significantly underutilized source of potential treatments against human disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prime example of conditions that could be amenable to such treatments as suggested by recent findings. OBJECTIVE Aiming to identify novel potentially therapeutic approaches against AD, we assessed the effects of Cichorium spinosum and Sideritis scardica extracts, both distinct components of the Mediterranean diet. METHODS/RESULTS After the detailed characterization of the extracts' composition using LC-HRMS methods, they were evaluated on two AD neuronal cell culture models, namely the AβPP overexpressing SH-SY5Y-AβPP and the hyperphosphorylated tau expressing PC12-htau. Initially their effect on cell viability of SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells was examined, and subsequently their downstream effects on AβPP and tau processing pathways were investigated in the SH-SY5Y-AβPP and PC12-htau cells. We found that the S. scardica and C. spinosum extracts have similar effects on tau, as they both significantly decrease total tau, the activation of the GSK3β, ERK1 and/or ERK2 kinases of tau, as well as tau hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, both extracts appear to promote AβPP processing through the alpha, non-amyloidogenic pathway, albeit through partly different mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that C. spinosum and S. scardica could have a notable potential in the prevention and/or treatment of AD, and merit further investigations at the in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Chalatsa
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni V Mikropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Giagini
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zeta Papadopoulou-Daifoti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Bioanalytical, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Leandros A Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Pittenauer E, Rados E, Tsarbopoulos A, Allmaier G. In-depth analysis of crocetin ester glycosides from dried/processed stigmas of Crocus sativus L. by HPLC-ESI-MS n (n = 2, 3). Phytochem Anal 2019; 30:346-356. [PMID: 30644146 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saffron stigmas from Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) are used as a drug in folk medicine, as a food additive and as a dying agent for at least 3500 years. Despite this long-term use the chemical composition of saffron seems still to be not fully known. OBJECTIVE An analytical strategy for detailed investigations of aqueous saffron extract is developed based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation (HPLC-ESI) multistage mass spectrometry (MSn ) for crocins. METHODS Commercially available stigmas are analysed by reverse-phase HPLC in combination with ESI/three-dimensional (3D)-ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) and MSn (n = 2 and 3). Sodium chloride is added to the analyte solution ready for injection to promote abundant [M + Na]+ adduct ions of crocins, being ideal precursor ions for low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS2/3 . RESULTS This strategy allows the detailed structural elucidation of known as well as previously unknown crocin derivatives (molecular mass of the aglycon, oligosaccharide chain length and linkage determination). The two isomeric trisaccharide substituents neapolitanose and gentiotriose are distinguished based on linkage-specific cross-ring cleavage for the first time. Furthermore, crocins containing up to six hexose units are also observed. Five novel crocin ester glycosides shifted by a mass difference of -40 Da indicate the presence of the here newly described C17 -aglycon, termed norcrocetin (crocetin = C20 ). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the action of at least two different carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD2 and tentatively CCD4) during biosynthesis of this new bis-apocarotenoid aglycon (norcrocetin) and the existence of even higher glycosylated crocin derivatives at trace level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Edita Rados
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Bioanalytical Department, GAIA Research Centre, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
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14
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Chalatsa I, Arvanitis DA, Koulakiotis NS, Giagini A, Skaltsounis AL, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Tsarbopoulos A, Sanoudou D. The Crocus sativus Compounds trans-Crocin 4 and trans-Crocetin Modulate the Amyloidogenic Pathway and Tau Misprocessing in Alzheimer Disease Neuronal Cell Culture Models. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:249. [PMID: 30971876 PMCID: PMC6443833 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. natural compounds have been extensively used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Recent research evidence is now emerging in support of its therapeutic potential for different pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, the C. sativus L. natural compounds trans-crocin 4 and trans-crocetin were selected for in depth molecular characterization of their potentially protective effects against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), utilizing two AD neuronal cell culture models (SH-SY5Y overexpressing APP and PC12 expressing hyperphosphorylated tau). Biologically relevant concentrations, ranging from 0.1 μM to 1 mM, applied for 24 h or 72 h, were well tolerated by differentiated wild type SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells. When tested on neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y-APP both trans-crocin 4 and trans-crocetin had significant effects against amyloidogenic pathways. Trans-crocin 4 significantly decreased of β-secretase, a key enzyme of the amyloidogenic pathway, and APP-C99, while it decreased γ-secretases that generate toxic beta-amyloid peptides. Similarly, trans-crocetin treatment led to a reduction in β- and γ-secretases, as well as to accumulation of cellular AβPP. When tested on the neuronally differentiated PC12-htau cells, both compounds proved effective in suppressing the active forms of GSK3β and ERK1/2 kinases, as well as significantly reducing total tau and tau phosphorylation. Collectively, our data demonstrate a potent effect of trans-crocin 4 and trans-crocetin in suppressing key molecular pathways of AD pathogenesis, rendering them a promising tool in the prevention and potentially the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Chalatsa
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athina Giagini
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zeta Papadopoulou-Daifoti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Dagla I, Karkoula E, Baira E, Tsarbopoulos A, Gikas E. Analytical methodologies used for the determination of colistin in biological fluids. Is it still a challenge? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:777-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Tchoumtchoua J, Halabalaki M, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A, Fotaki N, Liu L, Nam S, Jove R, Skaltsounis LA. Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of the anticancer 6BIO in mice using an UHPLC-MS/MS approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:317-325. [PMID: 30412805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Indirubins represent a group of natural and synthetic products with bio-activities against numerous human cancer cell lines acting by inhibiting protein kinases. The natural sources of indirubins are plants of Isatis sp., Indigofera sp., and Polygonum sp., recombinant bacteria, mammalian urine and some marine mollusks. Specifically, the halogenated derivative 6-bromo indirubin-3'-oxime (6BIO) possesses increased selectivity against GSK-3. However, to our knowledge, no analytical method to determine 6BIO in biological fluids has been developed till now. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive and high throughput UHPLC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated to evaluate the concentrations of 6BIO in mice plasma. Plasma samples were pre-treated by protein precipation using cold mixture of methanol: acetonitrile (9:1, v/v) and separations were carried out on a Hypersil Gold C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d.; 1.9 μm p.s.) using 0.1% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 500 mL/min in a gradient mode. For quantitation, a hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap MS equipped with an electro-spray ionization source was used applying a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) option. The monitored transitions were m/z 354.0 → 324.0 for 6BIO and 297.1 → 282.1 for afromorsin (used as the internal standard) in the negative mode. Following the EMA, ICH and FDA guidelines for validation of analytical procedures, the assay method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, recovery, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, stability, and robustness. The validated methods were successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of 6BIO following an oral administration to mice at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The results indicated that 6BIO possesses a Tmax of 30 min, a half-life of 1 h, and low plasma bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Tchoumtchoua
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Leandros A Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Karkoula E, Angelis A, Koulakiotis NS, Gikas E, Halabalaki M, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL. Rapid isolation and characterization of crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin from saffron using centrifugal partition chromatography and LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4105-4114. [PMID: 30232839 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a simple method for one-step isolation of the main secondary metabolites of a hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus stigmas (saffron) using step-gradient centrifugal partition chromatography. The analysis was performed in dual and elution-extrusion mode, using five biphasic systems of the solvents heptane/ethyl acetate/butanol/ethanol/water in ratios of 4:10:0:4:10, 1:13:0:4:10, 1:12:1:4:10, 1:10:3:4:10, and 1:7:6:4:10. Five major crocins, picrocrocin, and crocetin were directly isolated in one step. Scaling up to preparative level, allowed the recovery of significantly high quantities of pure compounds, especially trans-crocin-4, saffron's principal crocin. Comparing dual-mode and elution-extrusion, in dual-mode, the trans-crocin-4 containing fractions were co-eluted with a high amount of free β-d-glucose. In contrast, absence of free β-d-glucose was observed in the corresponding trans-crocin-4 fractions obtained by the second method denoting its superiority against dual-mode. Initiating analysis with the 4th solvent-system afforded selective isolation of trans-crocin-4, with reduction in experimental time and solvent consumption. Structure elucidation was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed methodology comprises an integrated approach for the purification and characterization of biologically active saffron components in a fast, selective, and environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Karkoula
- Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Bioanalytical Department, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Gikas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Bioanalytical Department, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Dagla I, Benaki D, Baira E, Lemonakis N, Poudyal H, Brown L, Tsarbopoulos A, Skaltsounis AL, Mikros E, Gikas E. Alteration in the liver metabolome of rats with metabolic syndrome after treatment with Hydroxytyrosol. A Mass Spectrometry And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - based metabolomics study. Talanta 2018; 178:246-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Karkoula E, Gikas E, Baira E, Kokras N, Dalla C, Skaltsounis AL, Tsarbopoulos A. Application of a novel UPLC-HRMS-based plasma metabolomics approach reveals differences between male and female mice following i.p. administration of trans-crocin-4. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Karkoula
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece
- GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, Kifissia, Greece
| | - E Gikas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Baira
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Kokras
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, First Department of Psychiatry, Athens, Greece
| | - C Dalla
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece
| | - AL Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tsarbopoulos
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece
- GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, Kifissia, Greece
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20
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Pittenauer E, Rados E, Koulakiotis NS, Tsarbopoulos A, Allmaier G. Processed stigmas of Crocus sativus
L. imaged by MALDI-based MS. Proteomics 2016; 16:1726-30. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Vienna University of Technologies; Vienna Austria
| | - Edita Rados
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Vienna University of Technologies; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Vienna University of Technologies; Vienna Austria
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21
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Lemonakis N, Skaltsounis AL, Tsarbopoulos A, Gikas E. Optimization of parameters affecting signal intensity in an LTQ-orbitrap in negative ion mode: A design of experiments approach. Talanta 2015; 147:402-9. [PMID: 26592625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A multistage optimization of all the parameters affecting detection/response in an LTQ-orbitrap analyzer was performed, using a design of experiments methodology. The signal intensity, a critical issue for mass analysis, was investigated and the optimization process was completed in three successive steps, taking into account the three main regions of an orbitrap, the ion generation, the ion transmission and the ion detection regions. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were selected as the model compounds. Overall, applying this methodology the sensitivity was increased more than 24%, the resolution more than 6.5%, whereas the elapsed scan time was reduced nearly to its half. A high-resolution LTQ Orbitrap Discovery mass spectrometer was used for the determination of the analytes of interest. Thus, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were infused via the instruments syringe pump and they were analyzed employing electrospray ionization (ESI) in the negative high-resolution full-scan ion mode. The parameters of the three main regions of the LTQ-orbitrap were independently optimized in terms of maximum sensitivity. In this context, factorial design, response surface model and Plackett-Burman experiments were performed and analysis of variance was carried out to evaluate the validity of the statistical model and to determine the most significant parameters for signal intensity. The optimum MS conditions for each analyte were summarized and the method optimum condition was achieved by maximizing the desirability function. Our observation showed good agreement between the predicted optimum response and the responses collected at the predicted optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Lemonakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Ferlemi AV, Mermigki PG, Makri OE, Anagnostopoulos D, Koulakiotis NS, Margarity M, Tsarbopoulos A, Georgakopoulos CD, Lamari FN. Cerebral Area Differential Redox Response of Neonatal Rats to Selenite-Induced Oxidative Stress and to Concurrent Administration of Highbush Blueberry Leaf Polyphenols. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2280-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bourdenx M, Koulakiotis NS, Sanoudou D, Bezard E, Dehay B, Tsarbopoulos A. Protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in prototypical neurodegenerative diseases: Examples of amyloidopathies, tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that generate important health-related direct and indirect socio-economic costs. They are characterized by severe neuronal losses in several disease-specific brain regions associated with deposits of aggregated proteins. In Alzheimer's disease, β-amyloid peptide-containing plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau are the two main neuropathological lesions, while Parkinson's disease is defined by the presence of Lewy Bodies that are intraneuronal proteinaceous cytoplasmic inclusions. α-Synuclein has been identified as a major protein component of Lewy Bodies and heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In the past few years, evidence has emerged to explain how these aggregate-prone proteins can undergo spontaneous self-aggregation, propagate from cell to cell, and mediate neurotoxicity. Current research now indicates that oligomeric forms are probably the toxic species. This article discusses recent progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms of protein aggregation, and emphasizes the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms leading to cellular toxicity. Finally, we present the putative direct link between β-amyloid peptide and tau in causing toxicity in Alzheimer's disease as well as α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, along with some of the most promising therapeutic strategies currently in development for those incurable neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bourdenx
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia 14562, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
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Koulakiotis NS, Gikas E, Iatrou G, Lamari FN, Tsarbopoulos A. Quantitation of Crocins and picrocrocin in saffron by HPLC: application to quality control and phytochemical differentiation from other crocus taxa. Planta Med 2015; 81:606-612. [PMID: 26018797 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic method was developed and fully validated for the determination of the major saffron constituents, i.e., picrocrocin and five major crocins. Dried samples (styles of Crocus sativus and other Crocus taxa) were extracted with MeOH : water (1 : 1, v/v), and chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved by reversed-phase chromatography using a gradient elution. Full validation was performed using spiked samples with analytes, which were isolated, purified, and characterized by MS due to a lack of commercial standards. The method showed a good fit (r2 > 0.999) for all analytes with limit of quantitation values in the range of 1-15 µg/mL, and demonstrated adequate intra- and inter-precision (< 15 % RSD) and accuracy (< 7 % RE). The method was applied to the analysis of various commercial saffron samples and of indigenous Crocus taxa and allowed for the first time the absolute quantitation of several Crocus components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoris Iatrou
- Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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Pittenauer E, Koulakiotis NS, Tsarbopoulos A, Allmaier G. In-chain neutral hydrocarbon loss from crocin apocarotenoid ester glycosides and the crocetin aglycon (Crocus sativus L.) by ESI-MS(n) (n=2, 3). J Mass Spectrom 2013; 48:1299-1307. [PMID: 24338885 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The stigmas of Crocus sativus L. have been used as spice and colorant agent (i.e. saffron) for more than 4000 years. For an updated structural investigation of the aglycon present in the glycosylated crocetin apocarotenoids (i.e. crocins), seven representative derivatives ranging from one up to five glucosyl-residues with a maximum number of three monosaccharides per glycosylation site (glucose, gentiobiose, gentiotriose and neapolitanose) were isolated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The compounds selected for further mass spectrometric investigation include glucosyl-, bis-glucosyl-, gentiobiosyl-, gentiobiosyl-glucosyl-, bis-gentiobiosyl-, gentiobiosyl-gentiotriosyl- and gentiobiosyl-neapolitanosyl-crocetin. Electrospray ionization in combination with low-energy collision-induced dissociation/tandem mass spectrometry of sodiated crocin precursor ions utilizing either a 3D-ion trap (MS(n) , n = 2, 3) or a QqTOF instrument, with the latter providing accurate mass determination with an accuracy of ±1-3 ppm or better at a resolution of 10,000 (full width at half maximum), was used. Major fragmentation pathways included loss of either one or two carbohydrate substituents leading to the sodiated aglycon without interglycosidic bond cleavage during in MS(2) -experiments. All sodiated precursor ions and major product ions were accompanied by a loss of 92 Da, which was elucidated as C7 H8 -loss from the aglycon by skeletal rearrangement via an eight-membered transition state as previously described for intact C40-carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Koulakiotis NS, Pittenauer E, Halabalaki M, Tsarbopoulos A, Allmaier G. Comparison of different tandem mass spectrometric techniques (ESI-IT, ESI- and IP-MALDI-QRTOF and vMALDI-TOF/RTOF) for the analysis of crocins and picrocrocin from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:670-678. [PMID: 22328221 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The expensive spice saffron originating from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. and also applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutes a complex mixture of glycoconjugates varying not only in the aglycon structure, but also in glycosylation pattern. Therefore, various tandem mass spectrometric techniques were evaluated for their usefulness in structural elucidation. METHODS Three selected constituents of the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., trans- and cis-crocin-4 as well as picrocrocin, were isolated and purified by HPLC and finally analyzed by ESI-MS (ion trap, QqRTOF), IP-MALDI-MS (QqRTOF) and vMALDI-MS (TOF/RTOF) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry in collision energy regimes ranging from a few eV (LE) to 20 keV (HE) collisions for the first time. These data aid in structurally elucidating minor, unknown glycoconjugates originating from this plant-derived spice. RESULTS LE-CID of isomeric crocins on either an ion trap with ESI or a QqRTOF-instrument with ESI or IP-MALDI as desorption/ionization technique only yielded a limited number of structurally diagnostic sodiated product ions related to the carbohydrate moiety as well as to the intact aglycon in contrast to true HE-CID. The low MW constituent picrocrocin did not yield useful LE-CID spectra, but showed a high number of structurally diagnostic product ions by HE-CID utilizing a vMALDI TOF/RTOF-instrument. CONCLUSIONS The highest number of structurally diagnostic product ions allowing also determination of the carbohydrate linkage of the gentiobiose-moiety of isomeric crocins ((0,4)A(2), (3,5)A(2) product ions indicating a 1→6 carbohydrate linkage) was only achievable by HE-CID. Fragmentation of the aglycon was not observed by any collision energy regime applied.
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Gikas E, Papadopoulos NG, Bazoti FN, Zalidis G, Tsarbopoulos A. Use of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to study the degradation pathways of terbuthylazine (TER) by Typha latifolia in constructed wetlands: identification of a new TER metabolite. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:181-188. [PMID: 22173806 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
S-Triazines are used worldwide as herbicides for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes. Although terbuthylazine (TER) is the second most frequently used S-triazine, there is limited information on its metabolism. For this reason, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) has been developed aiming at the identification of TER and its five major metabolites (desisopropyl-hydroxy-atrazine, desethyl-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, desisopropyl-atrazine, hydroxy-terbuthylazine and desethyl-terbuthylazine) in constructed wetland water samples. The separation of TER and its major metabolites was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C(8) column using a gradient elution of aqueous acetic acid 1% (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B), followed by MS/MS analysis on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The data-depended analysis (DDA) scan approach has been employed and the main degradation pathways of both hydroxyl and chloro (dealkylated and alkylated) metabolites are elucidated through the tandem mass spectral (MS/MS) interpretation of triazine fragments under CID conditions. In addition, another major metabolite of TER, namely N2-tert-butyl-N4-ethyl-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, has been identified. This methodology can be further employed in biodegradation studies of TER, thus assisting the assessment of its environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelos Gikas
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 13 Levidou str., 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
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Galanakis PA, Bazoti FN, Bergquist J, Markides K, Spyroulias GA, Tsarbopoulos A. Study of the interaction between the amyloid beta peptide (1-40) and antioxidant compounds by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biopolymers 2011; 96:316-27. [PMID: 21053258 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) aggregation leads to the senile plaque formation, a process that is strongly influenced by oxidative stress and is considered as the molecular basis of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endogenous antioxidants or dietary derived compounds may down-regulate this process. In this study, the interaction of two antioxidants, oleuropein (OE) and melatonin (M), with Abeta is monitored through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The concerted application of these two analytical techniques provides new experimental evidence and residue-specific insights into the interacting Abeta peptide amino acids that are implicated in this process. Both antioxidant compounds interact in a similar way with the peptide and cause chemical shift variations. The most pronounced resonance changes have been observed for the 1H-15N signals of N-terminal region and Leu17-Phe20 residues, as monitored by NMR titration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros A Galanakis
- Department ofPharmacy, University ofPatras, Panepistimioupoli, Rion, GR 26504, Greece
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Bazoti FN, Gikas E, Skoutelis A, Tsarbopoulos A. Development and validation of an ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of daptomycin in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gikas E, Bazoti FN, Papadopoulos N, Alesta A, Economou G, Tsarbopoulos A. Quantitation of the Flavonols Quercetin and Kaempferol in the Leaves ofTrigonella foenum-graecumby High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.512683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bazoti FN, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. Simultaneous quantification of oleuropein and its metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:506-15. [PMID: 19795379 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OE) is the cardinal bioactive compound derived from Olea europaea and possesses numerous beneficial properties for human health. However, despite the plethora of analytical methods that have studied the biological fate of olive oil-derived bioactive compounds, no validated methodology has been published to date for the simultaneous determination of OE, along with all its major metabolites. In this study, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of OE, simultaneously with its main metabolites hydroxytyrosol, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol or homovanillyl alcohol, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid or homovanillic acid, and elenolic acid in rat plasma matrix. Samples were analyzed by LC-ESI MS/MS prior to and after enzymatic treatment. A solid-phase extraction step with high mean recovery for all compounds was performed as sample pretreatment. Calibration curves were linear for all bioactive compounds over the range studied, while the method exhibited good accuracy, intra- and inter-day precision. The limit of detection was in the picogram range (per milliliterof plasma) for HT and OE and in the nanogram range (per milliliter of plasma) for the other analytes, and the method was simple and rapid. The developed methodology was successfully applied for the simultaneous quantification of OE and its aforementioned metabolites in rat plasma samples, thus demonstrating its suitability for pharmacokinetics, as well as bioavailability and metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Panepistimiopolis, Rio, Greece
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Gikas E, Bazoti FN, Fanourgiakis P, Perivolioti E, Roussidis A, Skoutelis A, Tsarbopoulos A. Development and validation of a UPLC-UV method for the determination of daptomycin in rabbit plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:522-7. [PMID: 19795522 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin (DPT) is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent bactericidal activity in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, which has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its unique mechanism of action and due to the immediate need for new antibiotics in the era of multidrug resistance. In order to assess its pharmacokinetics in rabbits a new analytical method has been developed and validated using ultra performance liquid chromatography in conjugation with ultraviolet detection for the quantitation of the antibiotic in rabbit plasma, using the internal standard methodology. The separation was achieved employing a C(18) column with gradient elution using 0.1% aq. trifluoroacetic acid and methanol. The total analysis time was 2.5 min. The sample pretreatment employed protein precipitation with acetonitrile-methanol mixture and centrifugation. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, robustness, short-term and freeze-thaw stability and was applied to the quantification of DPT in plasma samples obtained from rabbits treated with 25 mg kg(-1) DPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelos Gikas
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
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Gikas E, Bazoti FN, Fanourgiakis P, Perivolioti E, Roussidis A, Skoutelis A, Tsarbopoulos A. Simultaneous quantification of daptomycin and rifampicin in plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:901-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zoidou E, Melliou E, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL. Identification of Throuba Thassos, a traditional Greek table olive variety, as a nutritional rich source of oleuropein. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:46-50. [PMID: 19957933 DOI: 10.1021/jf903405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The content of polyphenols in table olives is highly influenced by the olive variety and the debittering process applied on the fruits. Nine commercial types of Greek table olives were examined for their content in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. A very simple extraction procedure and a chromatographic methodology were applied for the simultaneous quantitation of oleuropein (OE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) in drupes, using boiling water extraction followed by direct HPLC analysis. Hydroxytyrosol was found in all the types of olives that were studied. Kalamata olives and Green "tsakistes" of the variety Megaritiki contained the highest quantity of hydroxytyrosol (1.8-2.0 mg/fruit) followed by Greek-style "chondrolies" with quantity 1.0 mg/fruit. Oleuropein was found in small quantities in two cases, but in the case of Throuba Thassos which is processed by dry salt in a traditional Greek way, oleuropein was found in important quantities (1.2 mg/fruit) recorded over a 4-year period. This is the most important finding of this study showing that this particular table olive type is a nutritional rich source of oleuropein. Additionally, assuming a usual consumption of 20 olive fruits per day, an approximate quantity of 25 mg of oleuropein per day can be considered as safe for human use, since it can be found in the usual diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia Zoidou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
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Papadopoulos N, Gikas E, Zalidis G, Tsarbopoulos A. Simultaneous Determination of Herbicide Terbuthylazine and Its Major Hydroxy and Dealkylated Metabolites in Typha latifolia L. Wetland Plant Using SPE and HPLC-DAD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903320566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- a Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia, Greece
- b Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- a Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios Zalidis
- b Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- a Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia, Greece
- c Department of Pharmacy , Laboratory of Instrumental Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Patras , Panepistimiopolis, Greece
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Fanourgiakis P, Perivolioti E, Katsimpoulas M, Michailidis C, Balafas E, Fanourgiakis I, Vryonis E, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A, Karayannakos P, Paniara O, Skoutelis A. 046 EFFICACY OF DAPTOMYCIN IN MONOTHERAPY OR COMBINED WITH RIFAMPICIN IN A RABBIT MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL ENDOCARDITIS DUE TO E. FAECIUM. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsarbopoulos A. Brief history of mass spectrometry in Greece and the establishment of the Hellenic Mass Spectrometry Society. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:548. [PMID: 19145578 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Hillenkamp F, Tsarbopoulos A, Gross ML. Focus on desorption ionization and macromolecular mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008; 19:1041-1044. [PMID: 18687290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Bazoti FN, Bergquist J, Markides K, Tsarbopoulos A. Localization of the noncovalent binding site between amyloid-beta-peptide and oleuropein using electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008; 19:1078-1085. [PMID: 18448354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) eventually lead to the formation and cerebral deposition of amyloid plaques, the major pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oleuropein (OE), an Olea europaea L. derived polyphenol, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic, which could serve as combative mechanisms against several reported pathways involved in the pathophysiology of AD. The reported noncovalent interaction between Abeta and OE could imply a potential antiamyloidogenic role of the latter on the former via stabilization of its structure and prevention of the adaptation of a toxic beta-sheet conformation. The established beta-sheet conformation of the Abeta hydrophobic carboxy-terminal region and the dependence of its toxicity and aggregational propensity on its secondary structure make the determination of the binding site between Abeta and OE highly important for assessing the role of the interaction. In this study, two different proteolytic digestion protocols, in conjunction with high-sensitivity electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting peptide fragments, were used to determine the noncovalent binding site of OE on Abeta and revealed the critical regions for the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Laboratory, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Kifissia, Greece
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Gikas E, Alesta A, Economou G, Karamanos A, Tsarbopoulos A. Determination of Isoflavones in the Aerial Part of Red Clover by HPLC–Diode Array Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evagelos Gikas
- a GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia, Greece
| | - Alexandra Alesta
- b Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science , Athens, Greece
| | - Garifalia Economou
- b Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science , Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Karamanos
- b Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Crop Science , Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- a GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia, Greece
- c Department of Pharmacy , Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Patras , Patras, Greece
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Papadopoulos N, Gikas E, Zalidis G, Tsarbopoulos A. Simultaneous determination of terbuthylazine and its major hydroxy and dealkylated metabolites in wetland water samples using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:7270-7. [PMID: 17676755 DOI: 10.1021/jf0706777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection was developed and validated aiming at the simultaneous determination of terbuthylazine (TER) and its five major metabolites, desisopropyl-hydroxy-atrazine, desethyl-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, desisopropyl-atrazine, hydroxy-terbuthylazine, and desethyl-terbuthylazine. Although s-triazines are used worldwide as herbicides for agricultural and nonagricultural purposes, there is limited information on the environmental impact of TER degradation products. The proposed method includes a solid-phase extraction procedure (using MCX cartridges) with adequate recovery efficiency (70-80%). The statistical evaluation of the method reveals good linearity, accuracy, and precision for the compounds determined, with RSD values less than 14.6%, while the detection limit was found to be 0.05 microg L(-1) for DIHA and 0.01 microg L(-1) for the other substances. This method can be employed in biodegradation studies of TER and its metabolites in water samples from constructed wetlands, thus assisting the evaluation of their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Othonos 100 Street, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
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Agalias A, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Mikros E, Tsarbopoulos A, Gikas E, Spanos I, Manios T. A new process for the management of olive oil mill waste water and recovery of natural antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:2671-6. [PMID: 17348673 DOI: 10.1021/jf063091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The high polyphenol content of the wastewater is the major environmental problem caused by the olive mills. A pilot scale system for the treatment of the olive oil mills wastewater was developed aiming at the recovery of high added value-contained polyphenols and the reduction of the environmental problems. The treatment system consists of three main successive sections: The first one includes successive filtration stages aiming at the gradual reduction of the wastewater suspended solids up to a limit of 25 microm. The second section includes passing of the filtered wastewater through a series of adsorbent resins (XAD16 and XAD7HP) in order to achieve the de-odoring and decolorization of the wastewater and the removal/ recovery of the polyphenol and lactone content. The third section of the procedure includes the thermal evaporation and recovery of the organic solvents mixture, which has been used in the resin regeneration process, and finally the separation of the polyphenols and other organic substance contents using fast centrifuge partition chromatography. The final outcome of the whole procedure is (i) an odorless yellowish wastewater with a 99.99% reduced content in polyphenols and 98% reduced COD, (ii) an extract rich in polyphenols and lactones with high antioxidant activity and high added value, (iii) an extract containing the coloring substances of the olive fruit, and (iv) pure hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Agalias
- Laboratories of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
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Gikas E, Papadopoulos N, Tsarbopoulos A. Kinetic Study of the Acidic Hydrolysis of Oleuropein, the Major Bioactive Metabolite of Olive Oil. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500474113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evagelos Gikas
- a GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- a GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia , Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- a GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia , Greece
- b Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis , University of Patras , Patras , Greece
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Agalias A, Melliou E, Magiatis P, Mitaku S, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. Quantitation of Oleuropein and Related Metabolites in Decoctions ofOlea europaeaLeaves from Ten Greek Cultivated Varieties by HPLC with Diode Array Detection (HPLC‐DAD). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200058355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Agalias
- a Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- a Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- a Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitaku
- a Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- b GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- b GAIA Research Center, Bioanalytical Department , The Goulandris Natural History Museum , Kifissia Athens, Greece
- c Department of Pharmacy , University of Patras , Patras, Greece
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Petropoulou SSE, Tsarbopoulos A, Siskos PA. Determination of carbofuran, carbaryl and their main metabolites in plasma samples of agricultural populations using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1444-56. [PMID: 16865341 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate), carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and their main metabolites in human blood plasma. Optimization of the isolation of the compounds from plasma matrix included the precipitation, denaturation and digestion of plasma proteins. Derivatization was achieved by the use of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride and was optimized for temperature, time and volume of derivatization agent. In the proposed method, a mild precipitation technique was applied using beta-mercaptoethanol and ascorbic acid in combination with solid-phase extraction technique using Oasis HLB (Hydrophobic Lipophilic Balance) cartridges for further clean up of samples. Carbamate linkage was not hydrolyzed to its phenol product, but both carbamate phenol and ketones were transformed into trifluoroacetyl derivatives in order to become volatile compounds and were determined using tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity of the method was shown for nine concentrations in the range of 0.50-250 ng mL(-1) in fortified plasma aliquots. Limits of detection (LODs) for all compounds ranged from 0.015-0.151 ng mL(-1). Inter-day and intra-day assays (RSD) for all compounds, at three concentration levels of 2.5, 25 and 100 ng mL(-1) (n=3) in fortified plasma samples were less than 18%. Accuracy (%E (r)) was calculated at three concentration levels, 8, 80 and 160 ng mL(-1) (n=3), and ranged from -12.0 to 15.0%. Matrix effect was evaluated so mean recoveries were calculated for all compounds and ranged from 81-107%. Specificity for the use of this method to biological monitoring studies was achieved including four main metabolites of CF, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol from the naphthalene metabolism pathways, and both the parent compound of carbofuran and carbaryl. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of pesticide users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrago-Styliani E Petropoulou
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos str., 145 62, Kifissia, Greece
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Bazoti FN, Bergquist J, Markides KE, Tsarbopoulos A. Noncovalent interaction between amyloid-beta-peptide (1-40) and oleuropein studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006; 17:568-75. [PMID: 16503156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta amyloid peptide (Abeta) is the major proteinaceous component of senile plaques formed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. The aggregation of Abeta is associated with neurodegeneration, loss of cognitive ability, and premature death. It has been suggested that oxidative stress and generation of free radical species have implications in the fibrillation of Abeta and its subsequent neurotoxicity. For this reason, it is proposed that antioxidants may offer a protective or therapeutic alternative against amyloidosis. This study is the first report of the formation of the noncovalent complex between Abeta or its oxidized form and the natural derived antioxidant oleuropein (OE) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). ESI MS allowed the real time monitoring of the complex formation between Abeta, OE, and variants thereof. Several experimental conditions, such as elevated orifice potential, low pH values, presence of organic modifier, and ligand concentration were examined, to assess the specificity and the stability of the formed noncovalent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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Bazoti FN, Gikas E, Skaltsounis AL, Tsarbopoulos A. Development of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) method for the quantification of bioactive substances present in olive oil mill wastewaters. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 573-574:258-66. [PMID: 17723532 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the bioactive substances hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and 2-(5-ethylidene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetic acid in olive oil mill wastewater samples (OMW). The chromatographic separation was performed on a RP-C8 column using a water-acetonitrile gradient program and the detection was achieved by tandem MS in the negative ion mode. Calibration curves were linear for all bioactive compounds over the range of 1-100 ng injected, while the method exhibited good accuracy, intra- and inter-day precision. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were in the low to mid pg range and the method was simple and rapid. Because the disposal of OMW is an environmental problem and on the other hand OMW are rich in biologically active compounds that could be recovered and exploited in various applications, the developed method was applied to the monitoring of OMW samples and the quantitative determination of the aforementioned substances. In this way, the original content in bioactive compounds could be assigned in the raw matrix, and the enrichment of the samples by various pretreatment methods could be assessed. Also, full-scan ESI MS was applied to OMW samples for the identification of several compounds known to be present in OMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Instrumental and Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Patras, Panepistimiopolis, Rio 265 04, Greece
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Petropoulou SSE, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A, Siskos PA. Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of carbofuran, carbaryl and their main metabolites in applicators’ urine. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:99-110. [PMID: 16442549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of two N-methylcarbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl and their metabolites in applicators' urine specimens. Mild conditions were used for sample preparation based on enzymic hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB sorbent cartridges. Amides, phenols and ketones were first converted to volatile derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA) and afterwards were quantitated using tandem mass spectrometry. Linear calibration equations (1-200 ng mL(-1) urine) were obtained from fortified urine samples for all eight compounds, carbaryl, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 7-phenol, carbofuran-3-keto, 3- hydroxycarbofuranphenol. For all compounds, the limit of detection was lower than 0.1 ng mL(-1). Precision for all compounds, at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng mL(-1) (n = 5) in-fortified urine samples ranged from 0.7% to 18%. Accuracy was calculated at two concentrations 8 and 80 ng mL(-1) (n = 5) and ranged from -8.4% to 8.2%. Relative recoveries at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng mL(-1), ranged from 71% to 116%. The method was successfully applied to five male applicators and 10 non-applicators (including both smokers and non-smokers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrago-Styliani E Petropoulou
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos Str., 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
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Bazoti FN, Gikas E, Puel C, Coxam V, Tsarbopoulos A. Development of a sensitive and specific solid phase extraction--gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol in rat urine. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:6213-21. [PMID: 16076096 DOI: 10.1021/jf050851w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed, using an ion trap mass spectrometer, for the simultaneous determination of olive oil bioactive components, elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, in rat urine. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS/MS prior to and after enzymatic treatment. A solid phase extraction sample pretreatment step with greater than 80% analytical recoveries for all compounds was performed followed by a derivatization reaction prior to GC-MS/MS analysis. The calibration curves were linear for all compounds studied for a dynamic range between 1 and 500 ng. The limit of detection was in the mid picogram level for tyrosol and elenolic acid (300 pg) and in the low picogram level for hydroxytyrosol (2.5 pg). The method was applied to the analysis of rat urine samples after sustained oral intake of oleuropein or extra virgin olive oil as a diet supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Panepistimiopolis, Rio 265 04, Greece
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