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Rasool D, Burban A, Sharanek A, Madrigal A, Hu J, Yan K, Qu D, Voss AK, Slack RS, Thomas T, Bonni A, Picketts DJ, Soleimani VD, Najafabadi HS, Jahani-Asl A. PHF6-mediated transcriptional control of NSC via Ephrin receptors is impaired in the intellectual disability syndrome BFLS. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1256-1281. [PMID: 38429579 PMCID: PMC10933485 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant homeodomain zinc-finger protein, PHF6, is a transcriptional regulator, and PHF6 germline mutations cause the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). The mechanisms by which PHF6 regulates transcription and how its mutations cause BFLS remain poorly characterized. Here, we show genome-wide binding of PHF6 in the developing cortex in the vicinity of genes involved in central nervous system development and neurogenesis. Characterization of BFLS mice harbouring PHF6 patient mutations reveals an increase in embryonic neural stem cell (eNSC) self-renewal and a reduction of neural progenitors. We identify a panel of Ephrin receptors (EphRs) as direct transcriptional targets of PHF6. Mechanistically, we show that PHF6 regulation of EphR is impaired in BFLS mice and in conditional Phf6 knock-out mice. Knockdown of EphR-A phenocopies the PHF6 loss-of-function defects in altering eNSCs, and its forced expression rescues defects of BFLS mice-derived eNSCs. Our data indicate that PHF6 directly promotes Ephrin receptor expression to control eNSC behaviour in the developing brain, and that this pathway is impaired in BFLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Rasool
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Audrey Burban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Dianbo Qu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Azad Bonni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David J Picketts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A OC7, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Ottawa Institutes of System Biology, University of Ottawa, Health Sciences Campus, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Schmiedel BJ, Gonzalez-Colin C, Fajardo V, Rocha J, Madrigal A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Bhattacharyya S, Simon H, Greenbaum JA, Peters B, Seumois G, Ay F, Chandra V, Vijayanand P. Single-cell eQTL analysis of activated T cell subsets reveals activation and cell type-dependent effects of disease-risk variants. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm2508. [PMID: 35213211 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetic variants on cells challenged in biologically relevant contexts has not been fully explored. Here, we activated CD4+ T cells from 89 healthy donors and performed a single-cell RNA sequencing assay with >1 million cells to examine cell type-specific and activation-dependent effects of genetic variants. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) analysis of 19 distinct CD4+ T cell subsets showed that the expression of over 4000 genes is significantly associated with common genetic polymorphisms and that most of these genes show their most prominent effects in specific cell types. These genes included many that encode for molecules important for activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells. We also found new gene associations for disease-risk variants identified from genome-wide association studies and highlighted the cell types in which their effects are most prominent. We found that biological sex has a major influence on activation-dependent gene expression in CD4+ T cell subsets. Sex-biased transcripts were significantly enriched in several pathways that are essential for the initiation and execution of effector functions by CD4+ T cells like TCR signaling, cytokines, cytokine receptors, costimulatory, apoptosis, and cell-cell adhesion pathways. Overall, this DICE (Database of Immune Cell Expression, eQTLs, and Epigenomics) subproject highlights the power of sc-eQTL studies for simultaneously exploring the activation and cell type-dependent effects of common genetic variants on gene expression (https://dice-database.org).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Colin
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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3
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Schmiedel BJ, Rocha J, Gonzalez-Colin C, Bhattacharyya S, Madrigal A, Ottensmeier CH, Ay F, Chandra V, Vijayanand P. COVID-19 genetic risk variants are associated with expression of multiple genes in diverse immune cell types. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6760. [PMID: 34799557 PMCID: PMC8604964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common genetic polymorphisms associated with COVID-19 illness can be utilized for discovering molecular pathways and cell types driving disease pathogenesis. Given the importance of immune cells in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 illness, here we assessed the effects of COVID-19-risk variants on gene expression in a wide range of immune cell types. Transcriptome-wide association study and colocalization analysis revealed putative causal genes and the specific immune cell types where gene expression is most influenced by COVID-19-risk variants. Notable examples include OAS1 in non-classical monocytes, DTX1 in B cells, IL10RB in NK cells, CXCR6 in follicular helper T cells, CCR9 in regulatory T cells and ARL17A in TH2 cells. By analysis of transposase accessible chromatin and H3K27ac-based chromatin-interaction maps of immune cell types, we prioritized potentially functional COVID-19-risk variants. Our study highlights the potential of COVID-19 genetic risk variants to impact the function of diverse immune cell types and influence severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Colin
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Sharanek A, Burban A, Hernandez-Corchado A, Madrigal A, Fatakdawala I, Najafabadi HS, Soleimani VD, Jahani-Asl A. Transcriptional control of brain tumor stem cells by a carbohydrate binding protein. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109647. [PMID: 34469737 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) and intratumoral heterogeneity represent major challenges in glioblastoma therapy. Here, we report that the LGALS1 gene, encoding the carbohydrate binding protein, galectin1, is a key regulator of BTSCs and glioblastoma resistance to therapy. Genetic deletion of LGALS1 alters BTSC gene expression profiles and results in downregulation of gene sets associated with the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma. Using a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we establish that inhibition of LGALS1 signaling in BTSCs impairs self-renewal, suppresses tumorigenesis, prolongs lifespan, and improves glioblastoma response to ionizing radiation in preclinical animal models. Mechanistically, we show that LGALS1 is a direct transcriptional target of STAT3 with its expression robustly regulated by the ligand OSM. Importantly, we establish that galectin1 forms a complex with the transcription factor HOXA5 to reprogram the BTSC transcriptional landscape. Our data unravel an oncogenic signaling pathway by which the galectin1/HOXA5 complex maintains BTSCs and promotes glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sharanek
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Audrey Burban
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Aldo Hernandez-Corchado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Idris Fatakdawala
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Hamed S Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A OC7, Canada
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada; Integrated program in Neuroscience, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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5
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Eschweiler S, Clarke J, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Chee SJ, Karydis I, Woo E, Alzetani A, Elsheikh S, Hanley CJ, Thomas GJ, Friedmann PS, Sanchez-Elsner T, Ay F, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Intratumoral follicular regulatory T cells curtail anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1052-1063. [PMID: 34168370 PMCID: PMC8434898 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown remarkable clinical success in boosting antitumor immunity. However, the breadth of its cellular targets and specific mode of action remain elusive. We find that tumor-infiltrating follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells are prevalent in tumor tissues of several cancer types. They are primarily located within tertiary lymphoid structures and exhibit superior suppressive capacity and in vivo persistence as compared with regulatory T cells, with which they share a clonal and developmental relationship. In syngeneic tumor models, anti-PD-1 treatment increases the number of tumor-infiltrating TFR cells. Both TFR cell deficiency and the depletion of TFR cells with anti-CTLA-4 before anti-PD-1 treatment improve tumor control in mice. Notably, in a cohort of 271 patients with melanoma, treatment with anti-CTLA-4 followed by anti-PD-1 at progression was associated with better a survival outcome than monotherapy with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 followed by anti-CTLA-4 at progression or concomitant combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bharat Panwar
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Serena J Chee
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ioannis Karydis
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Somaia Elsheikh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, England
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - C J Hanley
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G J Thomas
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Schmiedel BJ, Chandra V, Rocha J, Gonzalez-Colin C, Bhattacharyya S, Madrigal A, Ottensmeier CH, Ay F, Vijayanand P. COVID-19 genetic risk variants are associated with expression of multiple genes in diverse immune cell types. bioRxiv 2020:2020.12.01.407429. [PMID: 33299987 PMCID: PMC7724655 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.01.407429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic polymorphisms associated with severity of COVID-19 illness can be utilized for discovering molecular pathways and cell types driving disease pathogenesis. Here, we assessed the effects of 679 COVID-19-risk variants on gene expression in a wide-range of immune cell types. Severe COVID-19-risk variants were significantly associated with the expression of 11 protein-coding genes, and overlapped with either target gene promoter or cis -regulatory regions that interact with target promoters in the cell types where their effects are most prominent. For example, we identified that the association between variants in the 3p21.31 risk locus and the expression of CCR2 in classical monocytes is likely mediated through an active cis-regulatory region that interacted with CCR2 promoter specifically in monocytes. The expression of several other genes showed prominent genotype-dependent effects in non-classical monocytes, NK cells, B cells, or specific T cell subtypes, highlighting the potential of COVID-19 genetic risk variants to impact the function of diverse immune cell types and influence severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Schmiedel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | | | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Joint senior authors
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
- Joint senior authors
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7
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Chandra V, Bhattacharyya S, Schmiedel BJ, Madrigal A, Gonzalez-Colin C, Fotsing S, Kronenberg M, Peters B, Ay F, Vijayanand P. Connecting GWAS SNPs to Target Genes in primary human immune cell types. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.145.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) studies have provided associations with gene expression for many non-coding genetic variants associated with human disease and evolution. However, they fail to pinpoint the functionally important eQTLs or provide mechanistic insights. Also, most eQTL discovery studies restrict analysis to SNPs within ±1 Mb of the TSS of the gene tested to minimize corrections for multiple association tests. Using proximity ligation-assisted H3K27ac ChIP-seq (HiChIP) assays, here we mapped eQTLs that overlap active cis-regulatory elements and interact with their target gene promoters (promoter-interacting eQTLs, pieQTLs) in five common immune cell types. This allowed us to narrow down functionally important eQTLs and show mechanisms that explain their cell type restriction. A subset of the identified pieQTLs overlapped non-transcribed promoters, which interact with their target gene promoters and function as enhancers as validated by CRISPRi. In addition, we devised a novel approach to eQTL discovery that relied on HiChIP-based promoter interaction maps as a structural framework for deciding what SNPs to test for association with gene expression. We discovered ultralong distance pieQTLs (>1Mb from target gene), including several disease-risk variants and new eGenes such as FHIT for which we validated the role of an ultralong distance pieQTL by CRISPRi. Our study provides insights into cell-specific gene regulatory mechanisms and highlights the potentially functional non-coding variants (pieQTLs) linked to human diseases.
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8
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Zhu YP, Padgett L, Dinh HQ, Marcovecchio P, Blatchley A, Wu R, Ehinger E, Kim C, Mikulski Z, Seumois G, Madrigal A, Vijayanand P, Hedrick CC. Identification of an Early Unipotent Neutrophil Progenitor with Pro-tumoral Activity in Mouse and Human Bone Marrow. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2329-2341.e8. [PMID: 30157427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells that play important roles in both health and disease. Neutrophils and monocytes originate from the granulocyte monocyte progenitor (GMP) in bone marrow; however, unipotent neutrophil progenitors are not well defined. Here, we use cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies to identify a committed unipotent early-stage neutrophil progenitor (NeP) in adult mouse bone marrow. Importantly, we found a similar unipotent NeP (hNeP) in human bone marrow. Both NeP and hNeP generate only neutrophils. NeP and hNeP both significantly increase tumor growth when transferred into murine cancer models, including a humanized mouse model. hNeP are present in the blood of treatment-naive melanoma patients but not of healthy subjects. hNeP can be readily identified by flow cytometry and could be used as a biomarker for early cancer discovery. Understanding the biology of hNeP should allow the development of new therapeutic targets for neutrophil-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Lindsey Padgett
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amy Blatchley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Runpei Wu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Ehinger
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheryl Kim
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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9
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Clarke J, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Singh D, Gujar R, Wood O, Chee SJ, Eschweiler S, King EV, Awad AS, Hanley CJ, McCann KJ, Bhattacharyya S, Woo E, Alzetani A, Seumois G, Thomas GJ, Ganesan AP, Friedmann PS, Sanchez-Elsner T, Ay F, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tissue-resident memory T cells in human lung cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2128-2149. [PMID: 31227543 PMCID: PMC6719422 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High numbers of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with better clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the molecular characteristics that drive their efficient immune response to tumors are poorly understood. Here, single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of TRM and non-TRM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1-expressing TRM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1-expressing non-TRM cells. This feature was more prominent in the TRM cell subset coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3, and it was validated by functional assays ex vivo and also reflected in their chromatin accessibility profile. This PD-1+TIM-3+ TRM cell subset was enriched in responders to PD-1 inhibitors and in tumors with a greater magnitude of CTL responses. These data highlight that not all CTLs expressing PD-1 are dysfunctional; on the contrary, TRM cells with PD-1 expression were enriched for features suggestive of superior functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Divya Singh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Oliver Wood
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Emma V King
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Amiera S Awad
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Hanley
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katy J McCann
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gareth J Thomas
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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10
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Ha B, Greenbaum JA, Shmiedel BJ, Singh D, Madrigal A, Valdovino-Gonzalez AG, White BM, Zapardiel-Gonzalo J, Altay G, McVicker G, Seumois G, Rao A, Kronenberg M, Vijayanand P, Peters B. Database of Immune Cell EQTLs, Expression, Epigenomics. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.131.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Database of Immune Cell EQTLs, Expression, Epigenomics (DICE, dice-database.org) is a freely accessible web resource for diving deep into RNA-seq data across 13 human immune cell type (subsets of T cells, B cells, monocytes and NK cells), in a cohort of 91 healthy, genotyped donors1. The site is composed of four main modules that allow users to view the integrated data by gene, limit the scope to individual cell types, compare expression across cell types, and explore the effect of SNPs on gene expression. The site is optimized to be accessible on both desktop and mobile devices. DICE is an evolving resource with data for additional cell types being deposited on a continuous basis, with 3 additional B cell subsets being next in line. In addition to the core database website, an associated tools website (tools.dice-database.org) is actively being developed and currently hosts tools that operate on lists of genes to perform interactive GO enrichment analysis (GOnet), identify cell types most likely responsible for expression of a set of genes (CellTypeScorer), and examine GeneNetworks deduced from gene co-expression analysis.
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11
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Chandra V, Bhattacharyya S, Schmiedel BJ, Madrigal A, Ay F, Vijayanand P. Chromatin interaction maps of active cis-regulatory elements in primary human immune cells reveal extensive overlap with disease-associated genetic variants. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.125.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Surveys of purified human immune cell types have revealed that common genetic variants have profound effects of gene expression in a highly cell-specific manner. However, it has been challenging to determine the mechanisms behind cell-specific regulatory effects as well as to pinpoint the potentially functional variants in dense haplotype blocks. Here, we performed genome-wide ChIP-Seq and proximity ligation-assisted ChIP-seq assays (HiChIP) for the H3K27ac modification to capture physical interactions between active cis-regulatory elements and their target gene promoters for 5 common and diverse immune cell types from 6 donors. The generated interaction maps identified long-range loops (over 20kb) for more than 90% of active cis-regulatory regions. We found that majority of the cis-regulatory interactions were highly cell-specific, which in turn correlated with cell-specific transcription factor binding motifs and gene expression patterns. Nearly 10% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), including disease-associated eQTLs and GWAS SNPs, were located at active cis-regulatory regions that interacted with the target genes of eQTLs (eGenes), thus allowing us to narrow down potentially functional/causative QTLs. Majority of cis-eQTLs that are specific to only a single cell type overlapped cis-regulatory elements that showed interactions with the promoter of their target eGenes only in that specific cell type. Our study thus provides a comprehensive interaction map of active regulatory elements for each of the 5 immune cell types across multiple donors and highlights the cell type-specificity of potentially functional variants and interactions linking them to genes in human disease.
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Schmiedel BJ, Singh D, Madrigal A, Valdovino-Gonzalez AG, White BM, Zapardiel-Gonzalo J, Ha B, Altay G, Greenbaum JA, McVicker G, Seumois G, Rao A, Kronenberg M, Peters B, Vijayanand P. Impact of genetic polymorphisms on human immune cell gene expression. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.182.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
While many genetic variants have been associated with risk for human diseases, how these variants affect gene expression in various cell types remains largely unknown. To address this gap, the DICE (database of immune cell expression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and epigenomics) project was established. Considering all human immune cell types and conditions studied, we identified cis-eQTLs for a total of 12,254 unique genes, which represent 61% of all protein-coding genes expressed in these cell types. Strikingly, a large fraction (41%) of these genes showed a strong cis-association with genotype only in a single cell type. We also found that biological sex is associated with major differences in immune cell gene expression in a highly cell-specific manner. These datasets will help reveal the effects of disease risk-associated genetic polymorphisms on specific immune cell types, providing mechanistic insights into how they might influence pathogenesis (https://dice-database.org).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anjana Rao
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 3Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Centre, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 5Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Bjoern Peters
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 6Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- 1La Jolla Institute for Immunology
- 6Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)
- 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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13
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Seumois G, Suastegui CR, Shmiedel BJ, Liang S, Shulten V, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Sette A, Peters B, Vijayanand P. Identification of distinct highly pathogenic allergen-specific T cells in common allergy and asthma. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.186.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the proven critical role of the aero-allergen house dust mite (HDM) in the pathogenesis of airway allergic diseases and asthma, the molecular mechanisms leading to allergen-specific T cell activation, as well as the molecular differences driving to disease between different type of HDM-sensitized patients are unknown. The recent development of robust allergen activation assays combined with single-cell RNA-Seq technologies made us able to perform the first large single-cell RNA-Seq study for around 50,000 cells. We collected blood from 12 asthmatic patients with or without HDM sensitization, 6 patients with Allergic Rhinitis HDM-sensitized and 6 healthy subjects. We stimulated PBMCs with a pool HDM peptides for a period of 6 hours and sorted activated cells based on the expression of 2 surface markers: CD154+ (effector T cells) and CD137high/CD154low (regulatory T cells). We performed standard bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq. Differential gene expression analysis showed important changes in gene expression upon TCR engagement in both populations. Comparison of disease groups identified several known but also new genes with relevant functional significance in allergy and asthma. Clustering analysis of Effector T cells single-cell RNA-Seq revealed an unexpected level of heterogeneity of gene expression among T cells. Major changes were observed between disease groups, revealing important pathological consequences to the understanding of immunity in allergy. Our study was the first attempt to generate a large-scale of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets from activated HDM-specific T cell. We showed presence of new T-cell subsets with unknown function as well as new molecules of therapeutic interest in allergy and asthma.
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14
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Madrigal A. Breves consideraciones sobre control de plagas, con especial referencia a los métodos biológicos. Actual Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.acbi.330550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Los insectos constituyen un grupo de gran importancia dentro del reino animal, no sólo por su número, cerca del 80% de la población animal del mundo, representado en más de un millón de especies, sino también por sus múltiples actividades y las diferentes relaciones que tienen con el hombre, ya sea de carácter benéfico o dañino, y por su valioso papel como componentes de la cadena trófica.
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15
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Patil VS, Madrigal A, Schmiedel BJ, Clarke J, O'Rourke P, de Silva AD, Harris E, Peters B, Seumois G, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Vijayanand P. Precursors of human CD4 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes identified by single-cell transcriptome analysis. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaan8664. [PMID: 29352091 PMCID: PMC5931334 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aan8664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs) have been reported to play a protective role in several viral infections. However, little is known in humans about the biology of CD4-CTL generation, their functional properties, and heterogeneity, especially in relation to other well-described CD4+ memory T cell subsets. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing in more than 9000 cells to unravel CD4-CTL heterogeneity, transcriptional profile, and clonality in humans. Single-cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4-CTLs, compared with CD4+ T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets. Simultaneous T cell antigen receptor (TCR) analysis in single cells and bulk subsets revealed that CD4-TEMRA cells show marked clonal expansion compared with TCM and TEM cells and that most of CD4-TEMRA were dengue virus (DENV)-specific in donors with previous DENV infection. The profile of CD4-TEMRA was highly heterogeneous across donors, with four distinct clusters identified by the single-cell analysis. We identified distinct clusters of CD4-CTL effector and precursor cells in the TEMRA subset; the precursor cells shared TCR clonotypes with CD4-CTL effectors and were distinguished by high expression of the interleukin-7 receptor. Our identification of a CD4-CTL precursor population may allow further investigation of how CD4-CTLs arise in humans and, thus, could provide insights into the mechanisms that may be used to generate durable and effective CD4-CTL immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena S Patil
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin J Schmiedel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James Clarke
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick O'Rourke
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna D de Silva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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16
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Miller PDE, de Silva TI, Skinner R, Gilleece M, Peniket A, Hamblin A, Greenfield D, Anthias C, Peggs K, Madrigal A, Snowden JA. Routine vaccination practice after adult and paediatric allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant: a survey of UK NHS programmes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:775-777. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Sureda A, Bader P, Cesaro S, Dreger P, Duarte RF, Dufour C, Falkenburg JHF, Farge-Bancel D, Gennery A, Kröger N, Lanza F, Marsh JC, Nagler A, Peters C, Velardi A, Mohty M, Madrigal A. Indications for allo- and auto-SCT for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: current practice in Europe, 2015. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:1037-56. [PMID: 25798672 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is the sixth special report that the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation regularly publishes on the current practice and indications for haematopoietic SCT for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders in Europe. Major changes have occurred in the field of haematopoietic SCT over the last years. Cord blood units as well as haploidentical donors have been increasingly used as stem cell sources for allo-SCT, thus, augmenting the possibility of finding a suitable donor for a patient. Continuous refinement of conditioning strategies has also expanded not only the number of potential indications but also has permitted consideration of older patients or those with co-morbidity for a transplant. There is accumulating evidence of the role of haematopoietic SCT in non-haematological disorders such as autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, the advent of new drugs and very effective targeted therapy has challenged the role of SCT in some instances or at least, modified its position in the treatment armamentarium of a given patient. An updated report with revised tables and operating definitions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sureda
- Department of Haematology, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Bader
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Cesaro
- Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - P Dreger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R F Duarte
- Department of Haematology, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Dufour
- Clinical And Experimental Hematology Unit. Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - J H F Falkenburg
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Farge-Bancel
- Department of Haematology-BMT, Hopital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - A Gennery
- Children's BMT Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - N Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lanza
- Haematology and BMT Unit, Cremona, Italy
| | - J C Marsh
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital/King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Nagler
- Chaim Sheva Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - C Peters
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, St Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Velardi
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mohty
- Department of Haematology, H. Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - A Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free and University College, London, UK
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18
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Anthias C, Ethell ME, Potter MN, Madrigal A, Shaw BE. The impact of improved JACIE standards on the care of related BM and PBSC donors. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:244-7. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Aljurf M, Rizzo JD, Mohty M, Hussain F, Madrigal A, Pasquini MC, Passweg J, Chaudhri N, Ghavamzadeh A, Solh HE, Atsuta Y, Szer J, Kodera Y, Niederweiser D, Gratwohl A, Horowitz MM. Challenges and opportunities for HSCT outcome registries: perspective from international HSCT registries experts. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:1016-21. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Ruutu T, Gratwohl A, de Witte T, Afanasyev B, Apperley J, Bacigalupo A, Dazzi F, Dreger P, Duarte R, Finke J, Garderet L, Greinix H, Holler E, Kröger N, Lawitschka A, Mohty M, Nagler A, Passweg J, Ringdén O, Socié G, Sierra J, Sureda A, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Madrigal A, Niederwieser D. Erratum: Prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD: EBMT–ELN working group recommendations for a standardized practice. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Passweg JR, Baldomero H, Bregni M, Cesaro S, Dreger P, Duarte RF, Falkenburg JHF, Kröger N, Farge-Bancel D, Bobby Gaspar H, Marsh J, Mohty M, Peters C, Sureda A, Velardi A, Ruiz de Elvira C, Madrigal A. Hematopoietic SCT in Europe: data and trends in 2011. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1161-7. [PMID: 23584439 PMCID: PMC3763517 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In all, 651 from 680 centers in 48 countries reported 35 660 hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) in 32 075 patients (13 470 allogeneic (42%), 18 605 autologous (58%)) to the 2011 survey. Main indications were: leukemias; 10 113 (32%; 94% allogeneic); lymphoid neoplasias; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, plasma cell disorders; 18 433 (57%; 12% allogeneic); solid tumours; 1573 (5%; 5% allogeneic); and non-malignant disorders; 1830 (6%; 92% allogeneic). There were more unrelated donors than HLA identical sibling donors (54% versus 39%); proportion of peripheral blood as stem cell source was 99% for autologous and 73% for allogeneic HSCT. Cord blood was only used in allogeneic transplants (6% of total). In the past 10 years, the overall number of transplants has increased by 53%. Allogeneic HSCT have doubled (from 7272 to 14 549) while, autologous have increased by 32% and continue to increase by about 1100 HSCT per year since 2001. In the past 2 years, an increase of >2000 HSCT per year was seen. Transplant activity is shown by team size. For allogeneic HSCT, we show use of reduced-intensity conditioning versus myeloablative conditioning across Europe and use of post-transplant donor lymphocyte infusions with considerable variation across different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Passweg
- EBMT Activity Survey Office, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Baldomero
- EBMT Activity Survey Office, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Bregni
- Department of Oncology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cesaro
- Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - P Dreger
- University of Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik u. Poliklinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R F Duarte
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Kröger
- University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Farge-Bancel
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hopital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Marsh
- GKT School of Medicine, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's Denmark Hill Campus, London, UK
| | - M Mohty
- Universite Pierre and Maris Curie, INSERM UMRs 938, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - C Peters
- St Anna Kinderspital, BMT Unit, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Sureda
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Velardi
- Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia - Sezione di Ematologia, Localitá Sant Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - A Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Ruutu T, Gratwohl A, de Witte T, Afanasyev B, Apperley J, Bacigalupo A, Dazzi F, Dreger P, Duarte R, Finke J, Garderet L, Greinix H, Holler E, Kröger N, Lawitschka A, Mohty M, Nagler A, Passweg J, Ringdén O, Socié G, Sierra J, Sureda A, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Madrigal A, Niederwieser D. Prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD: EBMT–ELN working group recommendations for a standardized practice. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 49:168-73. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Petersdorf EW, Malkki M, Hsu K, Bardy P, Cesbron A, Dickinson A, Dubois V, Fleischhauer K, Kawase T, Madrigal A, Morishima Y, Shaw B, Spellman S, Spierings E, Stern M, Tiercy JM, Velardi A, Gooley T. 16th IHIW: international histocompatibility working group in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 40:2-10. [PMID: 23279968 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The International Histocompatibility Working Group is a collaborative international effort to understand the HLA and non-HLA genetics of the transplantation barrier. The Working Group is comprised of experts in the fields of histocompatibility and immunogenetics, hematopoietic cell transplantation and outcomes research. Data for 25 855 unrelated donor transplants were submitted in support of research studies for the 16th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Active investigation is in progress in seven key areas: the impact of HLA matching, role of race and ethnicity, identification of permissible HLA mismatches, haplotype-associated determinants, minor histocompatibility antigens, immune response genes and KIR genetics. New hypotheses for the 16th workshop were developed for immunogenetic studies in cord blood and haploidentical-related donor transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Petersdorf
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Halter JP, van Walraven SM, Worel N, Bengtsson M, Hägglund H, Nicoloso de Faveri G, Shaw BE, Schmidt AH, Fechter M, Madrigal A, Szer J, Aljurf MD, Weisdorf D, Horowitz MM, Greinix H, Niederwieser D, Gratwohl A, Kodera Y, Confer D. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donation-standardized assessment of donor outcome data: a consensus statement from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT). Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:220-5. [PMID: 22773129 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of allogeneic hematopoietic SCTs performed globally each year continues to increase, paralleled by an increased demand for donors of therapeutic cells. Donor characteristics and collection procedures have undergone major changes during recent decades, and further changes are foreseen. Information on short- and long-term donor outcomes is of crucial importance to ensure maximal donor safety and availability. Current data, predominantly from unrelated donors, give reliable information on the frequent early events associated with donation-most of them of mild-to-moderate intensity. Information on the type and relative risk of serious adverse reactions is more limited. Moreover, only few data exist on long-term donor outcome. On the basis of this need, recommendations for a minimum data set for prospective donor follow-up were developed in a workshop with the participation of an international group of investigators actively involved in allogeneic stem cell donation under the auspices of and approved by the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Establishment of a standardized global follow-up for both, related and unrelated, donors will enable monitoring of the short- and long-term safety profiles of hematopoietic cell donation and form a solid basis for future donor selection and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Halter
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Passweg JR, Baldomero H, Gratwohl A, Bregni M, Cesaro S, Dreger P, de Witte T, Farge-Bancel D, Gaspar B, Marsh J, Mohty M, Peters C, Tichelli A, Velardi A, de Elvira CR, Falkenburg F, Sureda A, Madrigal A. The EBMT activity survey: 1990-2010. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47:906-23. [PMID: 22543746 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A total of 654 centers from 48 countries were contacted for the 2010 survey. In all, 634 centers reported a total of 33 362 hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) with 30 012 patients receiving their first transplant (12 276 allogeneic (41%) and 17 736 autologous (59%)). Main indications were leukemias: 9355 (31%; 93% allogeneic), lymphoid neoplasias specifically Non Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and plasma cell disorders: 17 362 (58%; 12% allogeneic), solid tumors: 1585 (5%; 6% allogeneic) and non-malignant disorders: 1609 (6%; 88% allogeneic). There were more unrelated donors than HLA-identical sibling donors (53% versus 41%); the proportion of peripheral blood as stem cell source was 99% for autologous and 71% for allogeneic HSCT. Cord blood was primarily used in allogeneic transplants (6% of total) with three autologous cord blood HSCT being reported. The number of transplants has increased by 19% since 2005 (allogeneic 37% and autologous 9%) and continued to increase by about 1100 HSCT per year since 2000. Patterns of increase were distinct and different. The data show the development of transplantation in Europe since 1990, with the number of patients receiving a HSCT increasing from 4200 to over 30 000 annually. The most impressive trend seen is the steady increase of unrelated donor transplantation, in parallel to the availability of unrelated donors through donor registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Passweg
- EBMT Activity Survey Office, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Baldomero H, Gratwohl M, Gratwohl A, Tichelli A, Niederwieser D, Madrigal A, Frauendorfer K. The EBMT activity survey 2009: trends over the past 5 years. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:485-501. [PMID: 21358689 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Six hundred and twenty-four centers from 43 countries reported a total of 31,322 hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) to this 2009 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) survey with 28,033 first transplants (41% allogeneic, 59% autologous). The main indications were leukemias (31%; 92% allogeneic), lymphomas (58%; 12% allogeneic), solid tumors (5%; 6% allogeneic) and non-malignant disorders (6%; 88% allogeneic). There were more unrelated than HLA-identical sibling donors (51 vs 43%) for allogeneic HSCT; the proportion of peripheral blood as stem cell source was 99% for autologous and 71% for allogeneic HSCT. Allogeneic and autologous HSCT continued to increase by about 1000 HSCT per year since 2004. Patterns of increase were distinct and different. In a trend analysis, allogeneic HSCT increased in all World Bank Categories (P=0.01, two sided; all categories), autologous HSCT increased in middle- (P=0.01, two sided) and low-income (P=0.01, two sided) countries. EBMT practice guidelines appeared to have an impact on trend, with a clear increase in absolute numbers within the categories 'standard' and 'clinical option' for both allogeneic and autologous HSCT (P=0.01, two sided; for both allogeneic and autologous HSCT) and a clear decrease in autologous HSCT for the 'developmental' and 'generally not recommended' indications (P=0.01, two sided). These data illustrate the status and trends of HST in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baldomero
- EBMT Activity Survey Office, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Ljungman P, Urbano-Ispizua A, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Demirer T, Dini G, Einsele H, Gratwohl A, Madrigal A, Niederwieser D, Passweg J, Rocha V, Saccardi R, Schouten H, Schmitz N, Socie G, Sureda A, Apperley J. Allogeneic and autologous transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: definitions and current practice in Europe. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37:439-49. [PMID: 16444286 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Accreditation Subcommittee of the EBMT regularly publishes special reports on current practice of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders in Europe. Major changes have occurred since the first report was published in 1996. Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation today includes grafting with allogeneic and autologous stem cells derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. With reduced intensity conditioning regimens in allogeneic transplantation, the age limit has increased, permitting the inclusion of older patients. New indications have emerged such as autoimmune disorders and AL amyloidosis for autologous, and solid tumours for allogeneic transplants. The introduction of alternative therapies has challenged well-established indications such as imatinib for chronic myeloid leukaemia. An updated report with revised tables and operating definitions is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ljungman
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Fernández M, Regidor C, Cabrera R, Madrigal A. UCB transplant supported by the co-infusion of a low number of highly purified CD34+ haploidentical cells: update of results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:149-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Rozman P, Karas M, Kosir A, Labar B, Madrigal A, Middleton D, Navarrete C, Oudshoorn M, Schennach H, Vitek A, Bohinjec M. Are human platelet alloantigens (HPA) minor transplantation antigens in clinical bone marrow transplantation? Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:497-506. [PMID: 12665847 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of human platelet alloantigens (HPA) in clinical bone marrow allotransplantation was investigated. The leading hypothesis was that HPA alloepitopes act as minor histocompatibility antigens and aggravate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To exclude the effect of MHC disparity, only HLA identical donor-recipient pairs were entered into the study. The influence of HPA compatibility on overall survival, occurrence of relapses and haematopoietic recovery was also investigated. A total of 223 patients who received a graft from an HLA-identical sibling, genotyped for HPA -1, -2, -3, -4 and -5, were observed over a post-transplant period of 24 months following the protocol recommended by EBMT. The data from patients having received grafts from HPA compatible donors were compared to data from patients having received grafts that were mismatched in HPA allotypes in the GVH direction. Analysis of the incidence of acute and chronic (GVHD), overall survival, relapse incidence, haematopoietic recovery and some other clinical parameters did not reveal any significant difference between the HPA-matched and -mismatched groups of patients, regardless of their age. Our results give no evidence that HPA-1, -2, -3 and -5 alloantigens should be considered minor transplantation antigens in clinical bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rozman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Vorechovsky I, Kralovicova J, Laycock MD, Webster AD, Marsh SG, Madrigal A, Hammarström L. Short tandem repeat (STR) haplotypes in HLA: an integrated 50-kb STR/linkage disequilibrium/gene map between the RING3 and HLA-B genes and identification of STR haplotype diversification in the class III region. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:590-8. [PMID: 11528504 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2001] [Revised: 04/02/2001] [Accepted: 05/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a dense STR/linkage disequilibrium(LD)/gene map between the RING3 and HLA-B loci, reference allelic sizes on the most prevalent HLA haplotypes and their allelic frequencies in pedigree founders. This resource will facilitate LD, evolution and gene mapping studies, including comparisons of HLA and STR haplotypes and identification of HLA recombinants. The map was constructed by testing novel and previously reported STRs using a panel of 885 individuals in 211 families and 60 DNA samples from cell lines and bone marrow donors homozygous in the HLA-A, -B and -DR loci selected from over 15 000 entries into the registry of Swedish bone marrow donors. We have also analysed the variability of STR alleles/haplotypes on the most prevalent HLA haplotypes to identify STRs useful for fine mapping of disease genes in the region previously implicated in susceptibility to many disorders. The analysis of 40 HLA-A*01, B*0801, DRB1*03011, DQB1*0201 haplotypes in homozygous donors showed a surprising stability in 23 STRs between the class II recombination hot spot and HLA-B, with the average of 1.9% (16/838) variant alleles. However, 40% variant alleles were found at the D6S2670 locus in intron 19 of the tenascin-X gene both in the families and homozygous donors. The nucleotide sequence analysis of this STR showed a complex polymorphism consisting of tetra- (CTTT)(8-18) and penta-nucleotide (CTTTT)(1-2) repeats, separated by an intervening non-polymorphic sequence of 42 bp. The HLA-A1, B*0801, DRB1*03011, DQB1*0201 haplotypes had five (CTTT)(14-18)/(CTTTT)(2) variants with a predominant (CTTT)(16) allele, implicating the tetranucleotide component as the source of this ancestral haplotype diversification, which may be due to the location of D6S2670 in the region of the highest GC content in the human MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vorechovsky
- Department of Biosciences at NOVUM, Karolinska Institute, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
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31
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Fernández MN, Regidor C, Cabrera R, García-Marco J, Briz M, Forés R, Sanjuán I, McWhinnie A, Querol S, García J, Madrigal A. Cord blood transplants: early recovery of neutrophils from co-transplanted sibling haploidentical progenitor cells and lack of engraftment of cultured cord blood cells, as ascertained by analysis of DNA polymorphisms. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:355-63. [PMID: 11571507 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2000] [Accepted: 05/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The number of infused cells is a very important factor in cord blood transplant (CBT) engraftment. Prior ex vivo expansion of aliquots of transplanted cord blood (CB) units is being investigated as a procedure to increase engraftment potential, but results are difficult to evaluate due to a lack of markers for assessing the contribution of expanded cells. We transplanted five patients, infusing the best available CB unit and cells from a second donor simultaneously. In two patients, these cells were obtained from another frozen CB unit by CD34(+)positive selection and culture expansion; the other three patients received uncultured highly purified haploidentical CD34(+) cells. The first two patients had DNA from the culture expanded CB cells detected only for a few days around day +11 when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was >200/microl; thereafter and when the ANC was <500/microl, only donor DNA from the uncultured CB was detected. For the other three patients, DNA analysis showed early and transient granulocyte engraftment of haploidentical cells, progressively replaced by the CB-derived granulocytes. We concluded that: (1) simultaneous infusion of lymphocyte-depleted HLA highly mismatched haematopoietic progenitor cells has not produced unfavourable effects for CBT; (2) the double transplant model is suitable for evaluating the engraftment potential of ex vivocultured CB cells in the clinical setting; (3) the culture conditions used did not result in early recovery of ANC; and (4) co-transplantation of purified uncultured HLA haploidentical CD34(+) cells may reduce the time of neutropenia following CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Fernández
- Servicio de Hematología, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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32
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Szmania S, Galloway A, Bruorton M, Musk P, Aubert G, Arthur A, Pyle H, Hensel N, Ta N, Lamb L, Dodi T, Madrigal A, Barrett J, Henslee-Downey J, van Rhee F. Isolation and expansion of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to clinical scale from a single blood draw using dendritic cells and HLA-tetramers. Blood 2001; 98:505-12. [PMID: 11468143 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in immunocompromised recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a cause of morbidity and mortality from viral pneumonitis. Antiviral drugs given to reactivating patients have reduced the mortality from CMV but have toxic side effects and do not always prevent late CMV disease. Cellular immunotherapy to prevent CMV disease is less toxic and could provide prolonged protection. However, a practical approach to generating sufficient quantities of CMV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is required. This study describes a system for generating sufficient CMV-specific CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy of HLA-A*0201 bone marrow transplant recipients from 200 mL donor blood. Donor monocytes are used to generate dendritic cells (DCs) in medium with autologous plasma, interleukin 4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and CD40 ligand. The DCs are pulsed with the immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted CMV peptide pp65(495-503), and incubated with donor T cells. These cultures are restimulated twice with peptide-pulsed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) or CD40-ligated B cells and purified with phycoerythrin (PE)-labeled pp65(495-503)/HLA-A*0201 tetramers by flow sorting, or with anti-PE paramagnetic beads. The pure tetramer-positive population is then rapidly expanded to obtain sufficient cells for clinical immunotherapy. The expanded CTLs are more than 80% pure, of memory phenotype, with a Tc1 cytokine profile. They efficiently kill CMV-infected fibroblasts and express the integrin VLA-4, suggesting that the CTLs could cross endothelial barriers. This technique is reproducible and could be used for generating CMV-specific CTLs to prevent CMV disease after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation. (Blood. 2001;98:505-512)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Szmania
- Division of Transplantation Medicine, South Carolina Cancer Center, Palmetto Health Alliance and University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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33
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Clark RE, Hermans J, Madrigal A, Nachbaur D, Kropshofer G, Gratwohl A, Apperley J, Niederwieser D. HLA-A3 increases and HLA-DR1 decreases the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease after HLA-matched sibling bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:36-41. [PMID: 11472342 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Frequencies of human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-A, -B and -DR were determined in 751 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation after bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical family donors and related to the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). HLA-A3 and DR1 were significantly associated with acute GVHD, the first with a higher risk (44% in HLA-A3(+) versus 34% in HLA-A3(-) patients) and the latter with a lower risk (28% in HLA-DR1(+) versus 38% in HLA-DR1(-) patients) for developing acute GVHD grade II--IV. Both factors were independent of known variables for GVHD as shown in a multivariate analysis. The results show that MHC alleles independently influence the incidence of GVHD in bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical donor for first chronic-phase CML. Possible mechanisms might include an HLA antigen-specific allele-associated effect, and/or non-specific allele-associated immune hypo- or hyper-responsiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/mortality
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/mortality
- HLA-A3 Antigen
- HLA-DR1 Antigen
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Recurrence
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Clark
- Department of Haematology, University of Liverpool, UK.
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Mortuza FY, Moreira IM, Papaioannou M, Gameiro P, Coyle LA, Gricks CS, Amlot P, Prentice HG, Madrigal A, Hoffbrand AV, Foroni L. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals preferential usage of J(H)-proximal variable gene segments. Blood 2001; 97:2716-26. [PMID: 11313263 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.9.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize individual-segment and overall patterns of V(H) gene usage in adult B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Theoretical values of V(H) segment usage were calculated with the assumption that all V(H) segments capable of undergoing rearrangement have an equal probability of selection for recombination. Leukemic clones from 127 patients with adult B-lineage acute leukemias were studied by fingerprinting by means of primers for the framework 1 and joining segments. Clones from early preimmune B cells (245 alleles identified) show a predominance of V(H)6 family rearrangements and, consequently, do not conform to this hypothesis. However, profiles of V(H) gene family usage in mature B cells, as investigated in peripheral blood (6 samples), B-cell lymphomas (36 clones) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (56 clones), are in agreement with this theoretical profile. Sequence analyses of 64 V(H) clones in adult ALL revealed that the rate of V(H) usage is proportional to the proximity of the V(H) gene to the J(H) locus and that the relationship can be mathematically defined. Except for V(H)6, no other V(H) gene is excessively used in adult ALL. V(H) pseudogenes are rarely used (n = 2), which implies the existence of early mechanisms in the pathway to B-cell maturation to reduce wasteful V(H)-(D(H))-J(H) recombination. Finally, similar to early immunoglobulin-H rearrangement patterns in the mouse, B cells of ALL derive from a pool of cells more immature than the cells in chronic lymphoid B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Mortuza
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Royal Free and University College of London (Royal Free Campus), London, United Kingdom
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35
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Turner D, Akpe S, Brown J, Brown C, McWhinnie A, Madrigal A, Navarrete C. HLA-B typing by reference strand mediated conformation analysis using a capillary-based semiautomated genetic analyzer. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:414-8. [PMID: 11295475 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of reference strand conformation analysis (RSCA) to HLA-A typing using the ABI PRISM 310 capillary based genetic analyzer has recently been described. This study outlines the development and validation of capillary RSCA for HLA-B typing. Mobility values for 93 HLA-B alleles were defined following electrophoresis of known controls through the system. Three fluorescently labelled references, labelled with three different dyes can be electrophoresed simultaneously. The technique was validated by comparing results from 296 cord blood donors with those obtained using reverse SSO. Following capillary RSCA 14.5% of samples required confirmatory typing, compared with a repeat rate of 5.1% following reverse SSO. In samples where no other typing was necessary there was 100% correlation between the two methods. Capillary RSCA for HLA-B typing is quick, easy to implement, and with the introduction of new FLRs and gel matrices has the potential to evolve into a high resolution typing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turner
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, North London Centre, National Blood Service, London, UK.
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36
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O'Shea J, Cleaver S, Little AM, Madrigal A. Searching for an unrelated haemopoietic stem cell donor--a United Kingdom perspective. Clin Transpl 2001:129-37. [PMID: 11038631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide search for unrelated stem cell donors (now over 6 million) is one of the great success stories of international cooperation in the medical field. The initial search report from Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide estimates the chance of finding a suitably matched donor for a given patient. Registries whose donors are HLA-A, -B and -DR typed present the optimal prerequisite to identify a suitable donor for most patients. High-resolution matching HLA class I and class II alleles of the donor and recipient improves clinical outcome after unrelated donor transplantation. The clinical results of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation are continually improving reflecting improvements in HLA matching, GvHD prophylaxis and transplantation in a favourable phase of disease. However, matching each HLA allele may or may not be critical for successful stem cell transplantation. Some degree of HLA mismatch ("permissible" mismatches) may be tolerated, especially in children. Cord blood banks provide a supplementary source of unrelated stem cell donors, in particular to patients from ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Shea
- Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Zamauskaite A, Cohen S, Sweny P, Madrigal A, Varghese Z, McLean A, Powis SH. FK506 and CsA differ in their effect on intracellular cytokine expression following kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1046-7. [PMID: 11267184 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Zamauskaite
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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38
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Balendran N, Clough RL, Arguello JR, Barber R, Veal C, Jones AB, Rosbotham JL, Little AM, Madrigal A, Barker JN, Powis SH, Trembath RC. Characterization of the major susceptibility region for psoriasis at chromosome 6p21.3. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113:322-8. [PMID: 10469328 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin condition caused by genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide linkage analyses have identified a locus encoding susceptibility to psoriasis and placed this gene in the 12 cM interval between markers D6S426 and D6S276 on chromosome 6p21.3. This is a broad region and encompasses the human major histocompatibility complex. We have sought to localize the susceptibility gene more precisely by exploiting the linkage, haplotype, and linkage disequilibrium information available through genotyping 118 affected sib pairs, their parents and other affected family members. A total of 14 highly polymorphic markers were genotyped, combining anonymous loci with the class I genes HLA-B and -C distributed across a genetic interval of approximately 14 cM including the entire major histocompatibility complex. Through the application of higher density mapping within the major histocompatibility complex, we identified those regions most commonly shared identical by descent in patients with psoriasis. Using the transmission-disequilibrium test, we found significant evidence of linkage and allelic association across an interval defined by the markers tn62 (p = 1.0 x 10(-7)), HLA-B (p = 4.0 x 10(-7)), and HLA-C (p = 2.7 x 10(-9)), a region encompassed within a 285 kb genomic DNA fragment. Hence these studies contribute to the refinement of the localization of a major psoriasis susceptibility gene and place the critical region near to HLA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balendran
- Center for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School of University College London, Royal Free Campus, UK
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Pawelec G, Rees RC, Kiessling R, Madrigal A, Dodi A, Baxevanis C, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Masucci G, Zeuthen J. Cells and cytokines in immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 1999; 10:83-127. [PMID: 10327211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
An enormous effort using a great variety of approaches has been undertaken in the last decade to translate basic and clinical research into successful cancer therapies. This review summarizes recent results of experiments and trials using cellular and cytokine therapy, as well as gene therapy, to exploit immune responses to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pawelec
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Section for Transplantation Immunology, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany
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40
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Fernandez-Mestre MT, Layrisse Z, Montagnani S, Acquatella H, Catalioti F, Matos M, Balbas O, Makhatadze N, Dominguez E, Herrera F, Madrigal A. Influence of the HLA class II polymorphism in chronic Chagas' disease. Parasite Immunol 1998; 20:197-203. [PMID: 9618730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease or American trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma cruzi has existed at least since the time of the Inca empire and contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in several countries of this continent. Due to the fundamental role of human class II molecules polymorphic residues in the control of the immune response, a study was designed to define by DNA typing HLA class II alleles in a sample of 67 serologically positive individuals with and without cardiomyopathy and in 156 healthy controls of similar ethnic origin. Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 second exon regions and hybridization to labelled specific probes were carried out following the 11th International Histocompatibility Workshop reference protocol. Comparison of DRB1 and DQB1 allele frequencies among the patients and control subjects showed a decreased frequency of DRB1*14 and DQB1*0303 in the patients, suggesting independent protective effects to the chronic infection in this population. Allele frequencies comparison between patients with and without cardiomyopathy showed a higher frequency of DRB1*01, DRB1*08 and DQB1*0501 and a decreased frequency of DRB1*1501 in the patients with arrhythmia and congestive heart failure. The results suggest that HLA Class II genes may be associated with the development of a chronic infection and with heart damage in Chagas' disease.
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Abstract
The purpose was to conduct a pilot study of the extent of stress and differences in sources of stress experienced by HIV+ and HIV- caregivers of HIV+ children living in South Texas. 13 infected and 9 uninfected caregivers each completed the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress for their preschool-aged HIV+ child. Both HIV+ and HIV- caregivers experienced clinically significant stress. HIV+ caregivers reported that relative to the HIV- group, they perceived themselves to be in poorer physical or emotional health, to receive less social support from others, and to be less pessimistic about the future of their child or family.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Amodei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7818, USA
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42
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O'Shea J, Madrigal A, Davey N, Brookes P, Scott I, Firman H, Lechler R, Goldman J, Batchelor R. Measurement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies reveals cryptic HLA class I mismatches in the context of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 64:1353-6. [PMID: 9371679 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199711150-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this large, two-center study, 260 cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequency assays, performed to assess patient-donor compatibility, were analyzed in relation to the degree of HLA matching. METHODS While the tissue-typing techniques used at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Trust (ANBMT) differ, the results of the analyses on the two sites are analogous, with high CTLp frequencies (>1:100,000) in 42% and 41% of recipient-donor pairs, respectively. RESULTS Recipient-donor combinations with class I mismatches and class II identity were associated with high CTLp frequencies (collectively 83% vs. 17% low CTLp). This correlation was not as strong in pairs where class II mismatches were demonstrated (61% high vs. 39% low). Despite using different matching procedures, the RPMS and ANBMT both show that 32% of the "perfectly" matched pairs (i.e., where no mismatch was detected by any of the techniques used here) had high frequencies of recipient-specific CTLp. CONCLUSIONS The failure of conventional methods to identify such a level of histoincompatibilities indicates that the CTLp assay has an important role in the selection of unrelated donors for bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Shea
- Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Trust, Royal Free Hospital, London, England
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Devergie A, Apperley JF, Labopin M, Madrigal A, Jacobsen N, Carreras E, Prentice HG, Jouet JP, Kolb HJ, Herstenstein B, Bacigalupo A, Evensen SA, Ljungman P, de Witte T, Reiffers J, Nagler A, Clark RE, Goldman JM, Gratwohl A. European results of matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Impact of HLA class II matching. Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20:11-9. [PMID: 9232250 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have retrospectively analyzed the impact of prognostic factors on the outcome of serologically HLA-matched unrelated donor (UD) BMT for CML. For this purpose, we have studied a cohort of 366 patients transplanted in Europe between January 1985 and December 1994. The median age of the 211 males and 155 females was 34 years; 238 patients were transplanted in first chronic phase and 116 in advanced phases. The median interval from diagnosis to BMT was 827 days. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA and MTX in 202 patients or of ex vivo or in vivo T cell depletion (TCD) in 129. Recently, DNA-based methods of HLA-class II typing have been used to improve donor selection. We obtained complete data on 300 donor/recipient (D/R) pairs. Among them, we have identified three groups of patients, according to specific HLA-DRB1 D/R compatibility. Two hundred and ten patients received marrow from donors identical for HLA-DRB1 (group 1). Thirty-one patients received BMT from a donor who was HLA-DRB1 mismatched (group 2) and 59 from a donor in whom specific HLA-DRB1 typing was not performed (group 3). The overall survival was 37 +/- 3% at 2 years and leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 31 +/- 3%. In univariate analysis, five variables had a favorable effect on LFS: transplant in first chronic phase (P = 0.0001), time interval from diagnosis to BMT shorter than the median (P = 0.01), prophylaxis of GVHD without TCD (P + 0.001), acute GVHD < grade III (P = 0.0009) and HLA-DRB1 D/R matching (P = 0.0001). Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 49 +/- 4% in group 1, 79 +/- 8% in group 2 and 80 +/- 6% in group 3 (P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that HLA-DRB1 matching was the most significant factor influencing survival (P = 0.04), LFS (P = 0.013) and TRM (P = 0.0049). From these results, we have defined a 'good risk' group, ie patients transplanted in first chronic phase, from an HLA-DRB1 matched donor, without TCD as prophylaxis against GVHD. The 2 year LFS, TRM and relapse incidence for this group were 51 +/- 5%, 47 +/- 5% and 2 +/- 2%, respectively. This suggests that the long-term outcome of patients with favorable prognostic features can approach that of patients transplanted from geno-identical siblings. In contrast, the TRM for patients transplanted for advanced disease from non HLA-DRB1-identical donors was 94%. Such a high TRM clearly indicates that UD BMT is not justifiable for these individuals.
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Grundschober C, Rufer N, Sanchez-Mazas A, Madrigal A, Jeannet M, Roosnek E, Tiercy JM. Molecular characterization of HLA-C incompatibilities in HLA-ABDR-matched unrelated bone marrow donor-recipient pairs. Sequence of two new Cw alleles (Cw*02023 and Cw*0707) and recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens 1997; 49:612-23. [PMID: 9234483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
While the influence of HLA-AB and -DRB1 matching on the outcome of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with unrelated donors is clear, the evaluation of HLA-C has been hampered by its poor serological definition. Because the low resolution of standard HLA-C typing could explain the significant number of positive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency (CTLpf) tests found among HLA-AB-subtype, DRB1/B3/B5-subtype matched patient/donor pairs, we have identified by sequencing the incompatibilities recognized by CD8+ CTL clones obtained from such positive CTLpf tests. In most cases the target molecules were HLA-C antigens that had escaped detection by serology (e.g. Cw*1601, 1502 or 0702). Direct recognition of HLA-C by a CTL clone was demonstrated by lysis of the HLA class I-negative 721.221 cell line transfected with Cw*1601 cDNA. Because of the functional importance of Cw polymorphism, a PCR-SSO oligotyping procedure was set up allowing the resolution of 29 Cw alleles. Oligotyping of a panel of 382 individuals (including 101 patients and their 272 potential unrelated donors, 5 related donors and 4 platelet donors) allowed to determine HLA-C and HLA A-B-Cw-DRB1 allelic frequencies, as well as a number of A-Cw, B-Cw, and DRB1-Cw associations. Two new HLA-Cw alleles (Cw*02023 and Cw*0707) were identified by DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified exon 2-intron 2-exon 3 amplicons. Furthermore, we determined the degree of HLA-C compatibility in 287 matched pairs that could be formed from 73 patients and their 184 potential unrelated donors compatible for HLA-AB by serology and for HLA-DRB1/ B3/B5 by oligotyping. Cw mismatches were identified in 42.1% of these pairs, and AB-subtype oligotyping showed that 30% of these Cw-incompatible pairs were also mismatched for A or B-locus subtype. The degree of HLA-C incompatibility was strongly influenced by the linkage with B alleles and by the ABDR haplotypes. Cw alleles linked with B*4403, B*5101, B18, and B62 haplotypes were frequently mismatched. Apparently high resolution DNA typing for HLA-AB does not result in full matching at locus C. Since HLA-C polymorphism is recognized by alloreactive CTLs, such incompatibilities might be as relevant as AB-subtype mismatches in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grundschober
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dominguez
- Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Research Institute, London
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46
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Gallardo D, Rojas I, Domínguez E, Madrigal A. [Alloreactivity and umbilical cord blood transplantation]. Sangre (Barc) 1997; 42:113-6. [PMID: 9297258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gallardo
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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47
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Potolicchio I, Brookes PA, Madrigal A, Lechler RI, Sorrentino R. HLA-DPB1 mismatch at position 69 is associated with high helper T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in unrelated bone marrow transplant pairs. Transplantation 1996; 62:1347-52. [PMID: 8932283 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611150-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HLA incompatibility between bone marrow recipient and unrelated donor pairs is often associated with severe acute graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. Due to the extensive polymorphism of HLA genes, finding genotypically identical pairs is a difficult challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to single out the relevance of each HLA gene and, within each sequence, the polymorphic positions that induce a T-cell response. Among HLA class II genes, the relevance of HLA-DPB1 in inducing graft-versus-host disease is still controversial. In this study, we selected 37 bone marrow transplant pairs on the basis of HLA class I A and B identity as determined by isoelectric focusing and of class II identity as determined by serology and by low-resolution genomic typing. We analyzed them for the possible relationship between frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and helper T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp and HTLp, respectively) and genomically determined class II mismatches. Seventeen pairs had high numbers of both CTLp and HTLp. They were not further considered because of the difficulty in determining whether the T-cell response was induced by class I or class II mismatches. Of the remaining pairs with low CTLp and high HTLp, six had disparities at HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 genes, and 14 differed only at the HLA-DPB1 locus. Among the latter pairs, we found a correlation between HLA-DPB1 mismatches and HTLp frequency, thus suggesting that disparity at this locus influences the alloreactive T-cell response. When the HTLp frequency was correlated with each single mismatch found in the 14 pairs, it appeared that the nature of the amino acid at position beta69 played a relevant role in inducing alloreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Potolicchio
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy
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48
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Scott I, Bunce M, Lowdell M, O’Shea J, Tiercy JM, Prentice G, Goldman J, Madrigal A. NK and CTL alloreactivity due to HLA-C mismatches in BMT. Hum Immunol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(96)85130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Datta AR, Barrett AJ, Jiang YZ, Guimarães A, Mavroudis DA, van Rhee F, Gordon AA, Madrigal A. Distinct T cell populations distinguish chronic myeloid leukaemia cells from lymphocytes in the same individual: a model for separating GVHD from GVL reactions. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14:517-24. [PMID: 7858526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Donor lymphocyte responses to minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) differences are involved in allo-responses between HLA matched pairs causing GVHD and graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL). Since some mHA are tissue-restricted, GVHD and GVL responses may be separable. We studied donor lymphocyte responses to patients with CML in a series of 10 HLA-matched sibling and 10 unrelated donor-recipient pairs comparing proliferation to recipient PHA blasts and CML cells and attempting to selectively deplete responses to PHA blasts in vitro. Responses in counts per min (c.p.m) to CML cells and PHA blasts were, respectively, 2809 +/- 2205 (SD) and 7376 +/- 1877 in related and 12,107 +/- 7191 and 26,136 +/- 22,479 in unrelated pairs. Autologous responses to PHA blasts were significantly lower (mean 779 +/- 735) (p < 0.001). Results correlated with clinical outcome: higher responses to recipient cells correlated with transplant-related death (p = 0.02 for CML and p = 0.06 for PHA blasts). Higher responses to CML correlated with GVHD grade > or = II (p = 0.025). Donor lymphocytes exposed to recipient PHA blasts for 5 days and treated with a ricin-conjugated anti-CD25 antibody retained over 75% of their response to CML but < 10% to PHA blasts. Similarly, depletion of response to CML but not to PHA blasts occurred when CML was the primary challenge. These results indicate that distinct populations of donor T cells respond to recipient leukaemic and non-leukaemic cells, and provide the basis for a clinically applicable technique to selectively deplete donor GVHD reacting cells while conserving GVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Datta
- Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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50
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Jordan F, McWhinnie A, Shah A, Holman R, Cleaver S, Goldman J, Madrigal A. The use of a PCR-SSO molecular typing technique in providing confirmatory analysis of HLA class I antigens for bone marrow donor selection. Hum Immunol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)91964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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