1
|
Shuaib M, Adroub S, Mourier T, Mfarrej S, Zhang H, Esau L, Alsomali A, Alofi FS, Ahmad AN, Shamsan A, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Hala S, Pain A. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid 203K/204R mutations on the inflammatory immune response in COVID-19 severity. Genome Med 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 37475040 PMCID: PMC10360309 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive inflammatory responses provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical factors affecting the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Previous work found that two adjacent co-occurring mutations R203K and G204R (KR) on the nucleocapsid (N) protein correlate with increased disease severity in COVID-19 patients. However, links with the host immune response remain unclear. METHODS Here, we grouped nasopharyngeal swab samples of COVID-19 patients into two cohorts based on the presence and absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid KR mutations. We performed nasopharyngeal transcriptome analysis of age, gender, and ethnicity-matched COVID-19 patients infected with either SARS-CoV-2 with KR mutations in the N protein (KR patients n = 39) or with the wild-type N protein (RG patients n = 39) and compared to healthy controls (n = 34). The impact of KR mutation on immune response was further characterized experimentally by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of virus-like-particle (VLP) incubated cells. RESULTS We observed markedly elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferon-stimulated (ISGs) genes in the KR patients compared to RG patients. Using nasopharyngeal transcriptome data, we found significantly higher levels of neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio in KR patients than in the RG patients. Furthermore, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of VLP incubated cells confirmed a similar hyper-inflammatory response mediated by the KR variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate an unforeseen connection between nucleocapsid KR mutations and augmented inflammatory immune response in severe COVID-19 patients. These findings provide insights into how mutations in SARS-CoV-2 modulate host immune output and pathogenesis and may contribute to more efficient therapeutics and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shuaib
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabir Adroub
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Esau
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Nazir Ahmad
- KAUST Health - Fakeeh Care, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Shamsan
- Dr. Suliman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
AlFattani A, AlBedah N, AlShahrani A, Alkawi A, AlMeharish A, Altwaijri Y, Omar A, AlKawi MZ, Khogeer A. Institutional review boards in Saudi Arabia: the first survey-based report on their functions and operations. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:50. [PMID: 37430255 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutional review boards (IRBs) are formally designated to review, approve, and monitor biomedical research. They are responsible for ensuring that researchers comply with the ethical guidelines concerning human research participants. Given that IRBs might face different obstacles that cause delays in their processes or conflicts with investigators, this study aims to report the functions, roles, resources, and review process of IRBs in Saudi Arabia. METHOD This was a cross-sectional self-reported survey conducted from March 2021 to March 2022. The survey was sent to 53 IRB chairpersons and the administration directors (or secretary) across the country through email after receiving verbal consent. The validated survey consisted of eight aspects: (a) organizational aspects, (b) membership and educational training, (c) submission arrangements and materials, (d) minutes, (e) review procedures, (f) communicating a decision, (g) continuing review, and (h) research ethics committee (REC) resources. A total of 200 points indicated optimal IRB functions. RESULTS Twenty-six IRBs across Saudi Arabia responded to the survey. Overall, the IRBs in this study scored a total of 150/200 of the points on the self-assessment tool. Relatively newer IRBs (established less than ten years ago) conducted meetings at least once in a month, had annual funding, had more balanced gender representation, tended to score higher than older IRBs. The organizational aspect score was the lowest among all items in the survey (14.3 score difference, p-value < 0.01). The average turnaround time for expedited research from proposal submission to final decision was 7 days, while it was 20.5 days for the full committee review. CONCLUSION Saudi IRBs performed generally well. However, there is room for focused improvement with respect to extra resources and organizational issues that require closer evaluation and guidance from the regulatory bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areej AlFattani
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah AlBedah
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma AlShahrani
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Alkawi
- Neuroscience center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani AlMeharish
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Altwaijri
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Omar
- Office of Research Affairs, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Zuheir AlKawi
- Research ethics monitoring office, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Research Department, The Strategic Planning Administration, General Directorate of Health Affairs Of Makkah Region, Ministry of Health, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternity & Children Hospital, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Ministry of Health, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mourier T, Shuaib M, Hala S, Mfarrej S, Alofi F, Naeem R, Alsomali A, Jorgensen D, Subudhi AK, Ben Rached F, Guan Q, Salunke RP, Ooi A, Esau L, Douvropoulou O, Nugmanova R, Perumal S, Zhang H, Rajan I, Al-Omari A, Salih S, Shamsan A, Al Mutair A, Taha J, Alahmadi A, Khotani N, Alhamss A, Mahmoud A, Alquthami K, Dageeg A, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Moraga P, Volz E, Almontashiri N, Pain A. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Saudi Arabia implicate nucleocapsid mutations in host response and increased viral load. Nat Commun 2022; 13:601. [PMID: 35105893 PMCID: PMC8807822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread and evolution through genome sequencing is essential in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we sequenced 892 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from patients in Saudi Arabia from March to August 2020. We show that two consecutive mutations (R203K/G204R) in the nucleocapsid (N) protein are associated with higher viral loads in COVID-19 patients. Our comparative biochemical analysis reveals that the mutant N protein displays enhanced viral RNA binding and differential interaction with key host proteins. We found increased interaction of GSK3A kinase simultaneously with hyper-phosphorylation of the adjacent serine site (S206) in the mutant N protein. Furthermore, the host cell transcriptome analysis suggests that the mutant N protein produces dysregulated interferon response genes. Here, we provide crucial information in linking the R203K/G204R mutations in the N protein to modulations of host-virus interactions and underline the potential of the nucleocapsid protein as a drug target during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mourier
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeece Naeem
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Jorgensen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar Subudhi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathia Ben Rached
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingtian Guan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul P Salunke
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amanda Ooi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luke Esau
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Douvropoulou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raushan Nugmanova
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadhasivam Perumal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huoming Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Issaac Rajan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- Dr. Suliman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer Salih
- Dr. Suliman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Shamsan
- Dr. Suliman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jumana Taha
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alahmadi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Khotani
- Infectious Diseases Medical Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital Makkah, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Alhamss
- Gastroenterology Department, King Abdul Aziz Hospital Makkah, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alquthami
- Infectious Diseases Medical Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital Makkah, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Dageeg
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, Makkah, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paula Moraga
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eric Volz
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naif Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal-Jeddah, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20 W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melebari S, Bakri R, Hafiz A, Qabbani F, Khogeer A, Alharthi I, Alhazmi S, Almalki Y, Bulkhi R, Gammash R, Hakim A, Alkhyami A, Bazaid M, Mohammad T. The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:1173-1179. [PMID: 34732548 PMCID: PMC9149740 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the epidemiology of dengue incidence and understand the dynamics of dengue transmission in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), between 2017-2019. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Health and demographic data was obtained for all confirmed dengue cases in Makkah, KSA, in the years 2017-2019 from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (VBZDA) in Makkah and the Makkah Regional Laboratory, KSA. In addition, entomological data about Aedes density was obtained from the VBZDA. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of dengue cases. Results: Laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were higher in 2019 as compared to 2017 and 2018, suggesting an outbreak of dengue in Makkah, KSA, in 2019. The incidence of confirmed dengue cases was 204 in 2017, 163 in 2018 and 748 in 2019. Dengue mostly affected people in the 25-44 age group, accounting for approximately half of the annual dengue cases each year. Men were at a higher dengue incidence risk when compared to women, and Saudi women had a higher risk rate for dengue cases when compared to non-Saudi women in all 3 years studied. There was no dengue related death in these 3 years. Conclusion: The dengue incidence increased in Makkah, KSA, in 2019 as compared to the previous 2 years, owing to heavy rainfall in 2019. Post-rainfall Vector control efforts may help contain the disease in Makkah, KSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Melebari
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rowaida Bakri
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Hafiz
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Abdul Hafiz, Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-8841
| | - Fadel Qabbani
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim Khogeer
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail Alharthi
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Alhazmi
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yehya Almalki
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha Bulkhi
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Razaz Gammash
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashwaq Hakim
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Alkhyami
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Bazaid
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thanaa Mohammad
- From the Department of Molecular Biology (Melebari, Qabbani, Hakim, Bazaid); from the Department of Microbiology (Alharthi, Bulkhi, Gammash, Alkhyami); from the Department of Blood Bank Centre (Mohammad), The Regional Laboratory; from the Department of Research and Planning (Khogeer), General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region; from the Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Administration (Alhazmi, Almalki), Public Health, Ministry of Health, and from the Department of Medical Parasitology (Bakri, Hafiz), College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi C, Ramos-Mandujano G, Tian Y, Hala S, Xu J, Mfarrej S, Esteban CR, Delicado EN, Alofi FS, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Pain A, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Li M. Simultaneous detection and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple respiratory viruses by rapid field-deployable sequencing. Med 2021; 2:689-700.e4. [PMID: 33821249 PMCID: PMC8011639 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies for monitoring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are crucial for combating the pandemic. Detection and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses require separate and complex workflows that rely on highly specialized facilities, personnel, and reagents. To date, no method can rapidly diagnose multiple viral infections and determine variants in a high-throughput manner. METHODS We describe a method for multiplex isothermal amplification-based sequencing and real-time analysis of multiple viral genomes, termed nanopore sequencing of isothermal rapid viral amplification for near real-time analysis (NIRVANA). It can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, human adenovirus, and human coronavirus and monitor mutations for up to 96 samples in real time. FINDINGS NIRVANA showed high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in 70 clinical samples with a detection limit of 20 viral RNA copies per μL of extracted nucleic acid. It also detected the influenza A co-infection in two samples. The variant analysis results of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples mirror the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, NIRVANA could simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) (an omnipresent virus and water-quality indicator) in municipal wastewater samples. CONCLUSIONS NIRVANA provides high-confidence detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and mutation surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 on the fly. We expect it to offer a promising solution for rapid field-deployable detection and mutational surveillance of pandemic viruses. FUNDING M.L. is supported by KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (BAS/1/1080-01). This work is supported by KAUST Competitive Research Grant (URF/1/3412-01-01; M.L. and J.C.I.B.) and Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia (J.C.I.B.). A.M.H. is supported by Saudi Ministry of Education (project 436).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Bi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeteng Tian
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinna Xu
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, No. 135 12, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramos‐Mandujano G, Salunke R, Mfarrej S, Rachmadi AT, Hala S, Xu J, Alofi FS, Khogeer A, Hashem AM, Almontashiri NAM, Alsomali A, Shinde DB, Hamdan S, Hong P, Pain A, Li M. A Robust, Safe, and Scalable Magnetic Nanoparticle Workflow for RNA Extraction of Pathogens from Clinical and Wastewater Samples. Glob Chall 2021; 5:2000068. [PMID: 33786197 PMCID: PMC7995109 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis and surveillance of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depend on nucleic acid isolation. Pandemics at the scale of COVID-19 can cause a global shortage of proprietary commercial reagents and BSL-2 laboratories to safely perform testing. Therefore, alternative solutions are urgently needed to address these challenges. An open-source method, magnetic-nanoparticle-aided viral RNA isolation from contagious samples (MAVRICS), built upon readily available reagents, and easily assembled in any basically equipped laboratory, is thus developed. The performance of MAVRICS is evaluated using validated pathogen detection assays and real-world and contrived samples. Unlike conventional methods, MAVRICS works directly in samples inactivated in phenol-chloroform (e.g., TRIzol), thus allowing infectious samples to be handled safely without biocontainment facilities. MAVRICS allows wastewater biomass immobilized on membranes to be directly inactivated and lysed in TRIzol followed by RNA extraction by magnetic nanoparticles, thereby greatly reducing biohazard risk and simplifying processing procedures. Using 39 COVID-19 patient samples and two wastewater samples, it is shown that MAVRICS rivals commercial kits in detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. Therefore, MAVRICS is safe, fast, and scalable. It is field-deployable with minimal equipment requirements and could become an enabling technology for widespread testing and wastewater monitoring of diverse pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramos‐Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andri Taruna Rachmadi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CentreKing Saud University for Health SciencesMinistry of National Guard Health AffairsJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinna Xu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentKing Fahad HospitalAlmadinah Almunwarah11525Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research DepartmentGeneral Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah RegionMinistry of HealthMecca11176Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy UnitKing Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyFaculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21859Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityAlmadinah Almunwarah71491Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited DiseasesTaibah UniversityAlmadinah Almunwarah71491Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentKing Abdullah Medical ComplexJeddah24246Saudi Arabia
| | - Digambar B. Shinde
- Division of Physical Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Hamdan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei‐Ying Hong
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takahashi M, Tehseen M, Salunke R, Takahashi E, Mfarrej S, Sobhy MA, Alhamlan FS, Hala S, Ramos-Mandujano G, Al-Qahtani AA, Alofi FS, Alsomali A, Hashem AM, Khogeer A, Almontashiri NAM, Lee JM, Mon H, Sakashita K, Li M, Kusakabe T, Pain A, Hamdan SM. Quick and Easy Assembly of a One-Step qRT-PCR Kit for COVID-19 Diagnostics Using In-House Enzymes. ACS Omega 2021; 6:7374-7386. [PMID: 33778250 PMCID: PMC7986002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One-step reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most widely applied method for COVID-19 diagnostics. Notwithstanding the facts that one-step qRT-PCR is well suited for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and that there are many commercially available one-step qRT-PCR kits in the market, their high cost and unavailability due to airport closures and shipment restriction became a major bottleneck that had driven the desire to produce the key components of such kits locally. Here, we provide a simple, economical, and powerful one-step qRT-PCR kit based on patent-free, specifically tailored versions of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and termed R3T (Rapid Research Response Team) one-step qRT-PCR. We also demonstrate the robustness of our enzyme production strategies and provide the optimal reaction conditions for their efficient augmentation in a one-step approach. Our kit was routinely able to reliably detect as low as 10 copies of the synthetic RNAs of SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, our kit successfully detected COVID-19 in clinical samples of broad viral titers with similar reliability and selectivity to that of the Invitrogen SuperScript III Platinum One-step qRT-PCR and TaqPath one-step RT-qPCR kits. Overall, our kit has shown robust performance in both laboratory settings and the Saudi Ministry of Health-approved testing facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Takahashi
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etsuko Takahashi
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mfarrej
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Sobhy
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif Hala
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King
Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Makkah, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Makkah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Stem
Cell
and Regenration Laboratory. Biological and Environmental Sciences
and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S. Alofi
- Infectious
Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 3177, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- King
Abdullah Medical Complex (KAMC), Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines
and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate
of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH Mecca 24321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. M. Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah
University, Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakashita
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist
Hospital
and Research Centre, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Stem
Cell
and Regenration Laboratory. Biological and Environmental Sciences
and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu
University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen
Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M. Hamdan
- Laboratory
of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Long J, Lanchon C, Rambeaud J, Fiard G, Franquet Q, Lefrancq J, Terrier N, Poncet D, Boillot B, Khogeer A, Overs C, Thuillier C, Descotes J. Urétérolyse coelioscopique robot-assistée pour fibrose rétro-péritonéale. Prog Urol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Garnier T, Descotes J, Long J, Thuillier C, Terrier N, Overs C, Poncet D, Lefrancq J, Franquet Q, Khogeer A, Fiard G. Risque hémorragique et estimation des pertes sanguines en chirurgie urologique. Prog Urol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Ali Z, Aman R, Mahas A, Rao GS, Tehseen M, Marsic T, Salunke R, Subudhi AK, Hala SM, Hamdan SM, Pain A, Alofi FS, Alsomali A, Hashem AM, Khogeer A, Almontashiri NAM, Abedalthagafi M, Hassan N, Mahfouz MM. iSCAN: An RT-LAMP-coupled CRISPR-Cas12 module for rapid, sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Virus Res 2020; 288:198129. [PMID: 32822689 PMCID: PMC7434412 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects all aspects of human life. Detection platforms that are efficient, rapid, accurate, specific, sensitive, and user friendly are urgently needed to manage and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. RT-qPCR based methods are the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, these methods require trained personnel, sophisticated infrastructure, and a long turnaround time, thereby limiting their usefulness. Reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), a one-step nucleic acid amplification method conducted at a single temperature, has been used for colorimetric virus detection. CRISPR-Cas12 and CRISPR-Cas13 systems, which possess collateral activity against ssDNA and RNA, respectively, have also been harnessed for virus detection. Here, we built an efficient, rapid, specific, sensitive, user-friendly SARS-CoV-2 detection module that combines the robust virus amplification of RT-LAMP with the specific detection ability of SARS-CoV-2 by CRISPR-Cas12. Furthermore, we combined the RT-LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12 module with lateral flow cells to enable highly efficient point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection. Our iSCAN SARS-CoV-2 detection module, which exhibits the critical features of a robust molecular diagnostic device, should facilitate the effective management and control of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahas
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gundra Sivakrishna Rao
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tin Marsic
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Salunke
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit K Subudhi
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharif M Hala
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa S Alofi
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah Alsomali
- King Abdullah Medical Complex (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs Makkah Region, MOH, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A M Almontashiri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences and Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norhan Hassan
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy M Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Doisy L, Long J, Descotes J, Rambeaud J, Overs C, Lanchon C, Garnier T, Lefrancq J, Franquet Q, Khogeer A. Urétérectomie distale gauche avec réimplantation urétéro-vésicale sur vessie psoïque et curage pelvien étendu par voie coelioscopique robot assisté. Prog Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Doisy L, Long J, Fiard G, Descotes J, Rambeaud J, Overs C, Lanchon C, Garnier T, Lefrancq J, Franquet Q, Khogeer A. Exérèse diverticulaire par voie cœlioscopique robot-assistée. Prog Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Marino S, de Ridder D, Bishop RT, Renema N, Ponzetti M, Sophocleous A, Capulli M, Aljeffery A, Carrasco G, Gens MD, Khogeer A, Ralston SH, Gertsch J, Lamoureux F, Heymann D, Rucci N, Idris AI. Paradoxical effects of JZL184, an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, on bone remodelling in healthy and cancer-bearing mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:452-466. [PMID: 31151929 PMCID: PMC6606522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated bone disease is a serious complication in bone sarcomas and metastatic carcinomas of breast and prostate origin. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, and is responsible for the degradation of the most abundant endocannabinoid in bone, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG). Methods The effects of the verified MAGL inhibitor on bone remodelling were assessed in healthy mice and in mouse models of bone disease caused by prostate and breast cancers and osteosarcoma. Findings JZL184 reduced osteolytic bone metastasis in mouse models of breast and prostate cancers, and inhibited skeletal tumour growth, metastasis and the formation of ectopic bone in models of osteosarcoma. Additionally, JZL184 suppressed cachexia and prolonged survival in mice injected with metastatic osteosarcoma and osteotropic cancer cells. Functional and histological analysis revealed that the osteoprotective action of JZL184 in cancer models is predominately due to inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. In the absence of cancer, however, exposure to JZL184 exerts a paradoxical reduction of bone volume via an effect that is mediated by both Cnr1 and Cnr2 cannabinoid receptors. Interpretation MAGL inhibitors such as JZL184, or its novel analogues, may be of value in the treatment of bone disease caused by primary bone cancer and bone metastasis, however, activation of the skeletal endocannabinoid system may limit their usefulness as osteoprotective agents. The cannabinoid system plays a role in cancer and bone remodelling. Inhibition of MAGL reduced skeletal tumour growth, osteolysis, metastasis and prolonged survival in mouse models. In the absence of cancer, MAGL inhibition exerted a paradoxical reduction of bone volume via an effect mediated by Cnr1/2. Targeting MAGL is of potential therapeutic efficacy in primary bone cancer and bone metastasis. However, activation of cannabinoid receptors may limit the usefulness of MAGL inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Nathalie Renema
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Street, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mattia Capulli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Abdullah Aljeffery
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Giovana Carrasco
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; INSERM, U1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, University of Nantes, Université d'Angers, Blvd Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elhawary NA, Tayeb MT, Sindi IA, Qutub N, Rashad M, Mufti A, Arab AH, Khogeer A, Elhawary EN, Dannoun A, Bogari N. Genetic biomarkers predict susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder through interactive models of inheritance in a Saudi community. Cogent Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2019.1606555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T. Tayeb
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ikhlas A. Sindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen Qutub
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Rashad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Mufti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Arwa H. Arab
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Plan and Research, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Mecca Region, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldin N. Elhawary
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Sciences and Arts University, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anas Dannoun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Neda Bogari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Long JA, Lefrancq J, Lanchon C, Fiard G, Sarrazin C, Grisard S, Franquet Q, Khogeer A, Rambeaud J, Terrier N, Boillot B, Thuillier C, Descotes J. Adénomectomie transvésicale : améliorer les résultats de la voie haute par une voie mini-invasive. Prog Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.07.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Elhawary NA, Jiffri EH, Jambi S, Mufti AH, Dannoun A, Kordi H, Khogeer A, Jiffri OH, Elhawary AN, Tayeb MT. Molecular characterization of exonic rearrangements and frame shifts in the dystrophin gene in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients in a Saudi community. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:18. [PMID: 29631625 PMCID: PMC5891934 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), exon skipping treatment to restore a wild-type phenotype or correct the frame shift of the mRNA transcript of the dystrophin (DMD) gene are mutation-specific. To explore the molecular characterization of DMD rearrangements and predict the reading frame, we simultaneously screened all 79 DMD gene exons of 45 unrelated male DMD patients using a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for deletion/duplication patterns. Multiplex PCR was used to confirm single deletions detected by the MLPA. RESULTS There was an obvious diagnostic delay, with an extremely statistically significant difference between the age at initial symptoms and the age of clinical evaluation of DMD cases (t value, 10.3; 95% confidence interval 5.95-8.80, P < 0.0001); the mean difference between the two groups was 7.4 years. Overall, we identified 147 intragenic rearrangements: 46.3% deletions and 53.7% duplications. Most of the deletions (92.5%) were between exons 44 and 56, with exon 50 being the most frequently involved (19.1%). Eight new rearrangements, including a mixed deletion/duplication and double duplications, were linked to seven cases with DMD. Of all the cases, 17.8% had duplications with no hot spots. In addition, confirmation of the reading frame hypothesis helped account for new DMD rearrangements in this study. We found that 81% of our Saudi patients would potentially benefit from exon skipping, of which 42.9% had a mutation amenable to skipping of exon 51. CONCLUSIONS Our study could generate considerable data on mutational rearrangements that may promote future experimental therapies in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Essam H Jiffri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Jambi
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Hada Military Hospital, Al Hada, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Mufti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Dannoun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Kordi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Plan and Research, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Mecca Region, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama H Jiffri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed T Tayeb
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicine College, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peramuhendige P, Marino S, Bishop RT, de Ridder D, Khogeer A, Baldini I, Capulli M, Rucci N, Idris AI. TRAF2 in osteotropic breast cancer cells enhances skeletal tumour growth and promotes osteolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 29311633 PMCID: PMC5758572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NFκB plays an important role in inflammation and bone remodelling. Tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), a key component of NFκB signalling, has been identified as an oncogene, but its role in the regulation of breast cancer osteolytic metastasis remains unknown. Here, we report that stable overexpression of TRAF2 in parental and osteotropic sub-clones of human MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) breast cancer cells increased cell growth and motility in vitro, whereas TRAF2 knockdown was inhibitory. In vivo, TRAF2 overexpression in the parental MDA-231-P cells enhanced tumour growth after orthotopic injection into the mammary fat pad of mice but failed to promote the metastasis of these cells to bone. In contrast, overexpression of TRAF2 in osteotropic MDA-231-BT cells increased skeletal tumour growth, enhanced osteoclast formation and worsened osteolytic bone loss after intra-tibial injection in mice. Mechanistic and functional studies in osteotropic MDA-231-BT and osteoclasts revealed that upregulation of TRAF2 increased the ability of osteotropic MDA-231-BT cells to migrate and to enhance osteoclastogenesis by a mechanism dependent, at least in part, on NFκB activation. Thus, the TRAF2/NFκB axis is implicated in the regulation of skeletal tumour burden and osteolysis associated with advanced breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Peramuhendige
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Isabella Baldini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Capulli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK. .,Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|