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Simon JF, Bouillez A, Frère JM, Luxen A, Zervosen A. Synthesis of an enantiopure thioester as key substrate for screening the sensitivity of penicillin binding proteins to inhibitors. ARKIVOC 2016. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Henrottin J, Lemaire C, Egrise D, Zervosen A, Van den Eynde B, Plenevaux A, Franci X, Goldman S, Luxen A. Fully automated radiosynthesis of N(1)-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-tryptophan and study of its biological activity as a new potential substrate for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:379-89. [PMID: 27260779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the initial step in the catabolism of l-tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway and exerts immunosuppressive properties in inflammatory and tumor tissues by blocking locally T-lymphocyte proliferation. Recently, 1-(2-[(19)F]fluoroethyl)-dl-tryptophan (1-[(19)F]FE-dl-Trp) was reported as a good and specific substrate of this enzyme. Herein, the radiosynthesis of its radioactive isotopomer (1-[(18)F]FE-dl-Trp, dl-[(18)F]5) is presented along with in vitro enzymatic and cellular uptake studies. METHODS The one-pot n.c.a. radiosynthesis of this novel potential PET imaging tracer, including HPLC purification and formulation, has been fully automated on a FASTlab™ synthesizer. Chiral separation of both isomers and their formulation were implemented on a second cassette. In vitro enzymatic and cellular uptake studies were then conducted with the d-, l- and dl-radiotracers. RESULTS The radiolabeling of the tosylate precursor was performed in DMF (in 5min; RCY: 57% (d.c.), n=3). After hydrolysis, HPLC purification and formulation, dl-[(18)F]5 was obtained with a global radiochemical yield of 18±3% (not decay corrected, n=7, in 80min) and a specific activity of 600±180GBq/μmol (n=5). The subsequent separation of l- and d-enantiomers was performed by chiral HPLC and both were obtained after formulation with an RCY (d.c.) of 6.1% and 5.8%, respectively. In vitro enzymatic assays reveal that l-[(18)F]5 is a better substrate than d-[(18)F]5 for human IDO. In vitro cellular assays show an IDO-specific uptake of the racemate varying from 30% to 50% of that of l-[(18)F]5, and a negligible uptake of d-[(18)F]5. CONCLUSION In vitro studies show that l-[(18)F]5 is a good and specific substrate of hIDO, while presenting a very low efflux. These results confirm that l-[(18)F]5 could be a very useful PET radiotracer for IDO expressing cells in cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Henrottin
- Cyclotron Research Center, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, B6, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Cyclotron Research Center, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Egrise
- PET/Biomedical Cyclotron Unit and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Cyclotron Research Center, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- Cyclotron Research Center, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Franci
- GE Healthcare, MDx PET Chemistry System, Rue Marie Curie 10/2, B-4431, Loncin (Liège), Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- PET/Biomedical Cyclotron Unit and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Center, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Denoël T, Zervosen A, Lemaire C, Joris B, Hervé M, Blanot D, Zaragoza G, Luxen A. Enantioselective synthesis of α-benzylated lanthionines and related tripeptides for biological incorporation into E. coli peptidoglycan. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:9853-63. [PMID: 25355616 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of modified tripeptides (S)-Ala-γ-(R)-Glu-X, where X = (R,S) or (R,R) diastereomers of α-benzyl or α-(4-azidobenzyl)lanthionine, was carried out. The chemical strategy involved the enantioselective alkylation of a 4-MeO-phenyloxazoline. The reductive opening of the alkylated oxazolines, followed by cyclization and oxidation, led to four PMB-protected sulfamidates. Subsequent PMB removal, Boc protection and regioselective opening with cysteine methyl ester led to protected lanthionines. These compounds were further converted in a one pot process to the corresponding protected tripeptides. After ester and Boc deprotection, the four tripeptides were evaluated as potential analogues of the natural tripeptide (S)-Ala-γ-(R)-Glu-meso-A2pm. These compounds were evaluated for introduction, by means of the biosynthetic recycling pathway, into the peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli. A successful in vitro biosynthesis of UDP-MurNAc-tripeptides from the tripeptides containing α-benzyl lanthionine was achieved using purified murein peptide ligase (Mpl). Bioincorporation into E. coli W7 did not occur under different tested conditions probably due to the bulky benzyl group at the Cα carbon of the C-terminal amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Denoël
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 8, Bât B30, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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Henrottin J, Zervosen A, Lemaire C, Sapunaric F, Laurent S, Van den Eynde B, Goldman S, Plenevaux A, Luxen A. N (1)-Fluoroalkyltryptophan Analogues: Synthesis and in vitro Study as Potential Substrates for Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:260-5. [PMID: 25815143 DOI: 10.1021/ml500385d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (hIDO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the indole ring of l-tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway, thereby exerting immunosuppressive properties in inflammatory and tumoral tissues. The syntheses of 1-(2-fluoroethyl)-tryptophan (1-FETrp) and 1-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-tryptophan, two N (1)-fluoroalkylated tryptophan derivatives, are described here. In vitro enzymatic assays with these two new potential substrates of hIDO show that 1-FETrp is a good and specific substrate of hIDO. Therefore, its radioactive isotopomer, 1-[(18)F]FETrp, should be a molecule of choice to visualize tumoral and inflammatory tissues and/or to validate new potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Henrottin
- Cyclotron
Research Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein
Engineering, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Cyclotron
Research Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein
Engineering, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Cyclotron
Research Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein
Engineering, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benoit Van den Eynde
- Ludwig
Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- PET/Biomedical
Cyclotron Unit and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- Cyclotron
Research Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein
Engineering, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron
Research Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolécules Biologiques, Center for Protein
Engineering, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Denoël T, Zervosen A, Gerards T, Lemaire C, Joris B, Blanot D, Luxen A. Stereoselective synthesis of lanthionine derivatives in aqueous solution and their incorporation into the peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4621-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zervosen A, Zapun A, Frère JM. Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-binding protein 2x and Actinomadura R39 DD-peptidase activities by ceftaroline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:661-3. [PMID: 23147739 PMCID: PMC3535952 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01593-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rate of acylation of a penicillin-resistant form of Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin-binding protein 2x (PBP2x) by ceftaroline is 80-fold lower than that of its penicillin-sensitive counterpart, it remains sufficiently high (k(2)/K = 12,600 M(-1) s(-1)) to explain the sensitivity of the penicillin-resistant strain to this new cephalosporin. Surprisingly, the Actinomadura R39 DD-peptidase is not very sensitive to ceftaroline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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Sosič I, Turk S, Sinreih M, Trošt N, Verlaine O, Amoroso A, Zervosen A, Luxen A, Joris B, Gobec S. Exploration of the chemical space of novel naphthalene-sulfonamide and anthranilic Acid-based inhibitors of penicillin-binding proteins. Acta Chim Slov 2012; 59:280-388. [PMID: 24061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillin-binding proteins are a well established, validated and still a very promising target for the design and development of new antibacterial agents. Based on our previous discovery of several noncovalent small-molecule inhibitor hits for resistant PBPs we decided to additionally explore the chemical space around these compounds. In order to clarify their structure-activity relationships for PBP inhibition two new series of compounds were synthesized, characterized and evaluated biochemically: the derivatives of anthranilic acid and naphthalene-sulfonamide derivatives. The target compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities on three different transpeptidases: PBP2a from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, PBP5fm from Enterococcus faecium strains, and PBP1b from Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. The most promising results for both of these series of compounds were obtained against the PBP2a enzyme with the IC50 values in the micromolar range. Although these results do not represent a significant breakthrough in the field of noncovalent PBP inhibitors, they do provide useful structure-activity relationship data, and thus a more solid basis for the design of potent and noncovalent inhibitors of resistant PBPs.
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Zervosen A, Bouillez A, Herman A, Amoroso A, Joris B, Sauvage E, Charlier P, Luxen A. Synthesis and evaluation of boronic acids as inhibitors of Penicillin Binding Proteins of classes A, B and C. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3915-24. [PMID: 22579615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In response to the widespread use of β-lactam antibiotics bacteria have evolved drug resistance mechanisms that include the production of resistant Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs). Boronic acids are potent β-lactamase inhibitors and have been shown to display some specificity for soluble transpeptidases and PBPs, but their potential as inhibitors of the latter enzymes is yet to be widely explored. Recently, a (2,6-dimethoxybenzamido)methylboronic acid was identified as being a potent inhibitor of Actinomadura sp. R39 transpeptidase (IC(50): 1.3 μM). In this work, we synthesized and studied the potential of a number of acylaminomethylboronic acids as inhibitors of PBPs from different classes. Several derivatives inhibited PBPs of classes A, B and C from penicillin sensitive strains. The (2-nitrobenzamido)methylboronic acid was identified as a good inhibitor of a class A PBP (PBP1b from Streptococcus pneumoniae, IC(50) = 26 μM), a class B PBP (PBP2xR6 from Streptococcus pneumoniae, IC(50) = 138 μM) and a class C PBP (R39 from Actinomadura sp., IC(50) = 0.6 μM). This work opens new avenues towards the development of molecules that inhibit PBPs, and eventually display bactericidal effects, on distinct bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Sliwa A, Dive G, Zervosen A, Verlaine O, Sauvage E, Marchand-Brynaert J. Unprecedented inhibition of resistant penicillin bindingproteins by bis-2-oxoazetidinylmacrocycles. Med Chem Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis-2-oxoazetidinyl macrocycles, obtained as unexpected products of RCM cyclizations, exhibit good activities against d,d-peptidase from Actinomadura R39 and revealed very promising activities against PBP2a from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sliwa
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST)
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Georges Dive
- Centre d'ingénierie des Protéines (CIP)
- Université de Liège
- Sart-Tilman
- Belgium
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron
- B30, Université de Liège
- Sart Tilman
- Belgium
| | - Olivier Verlaine
- Centre d'ingénierie des Protéines (CIP)
- Université de Liège
- Sart-Tilman
- Belgium
| | - Eric Sauvage
- Centre d'ingénierie des Protéines (CIP)
- Université de Liège
- Sart-Tilman
- Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN)
- Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST)
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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Contreras-Martel C, Amoroso A, Woon ECY, Zervosen A, Inglis S, Martins A, Verlaine O, Rydzik AM, Job V, Luxen A, Joris B, Schofield CJ, Dessen A. Structure-guided design of cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors that overcome β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:943-51. [PMID: 21732689 DOI: 10.1021/cb2001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics have long been a treatment of choice for bacterial infections since they bind irreversibly to Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), enzymes that are vital for cell wall biosynthesis. Many pathogens express drug-insensitive PBPs rendering β-lactams ineffective, revealing a need for new types of PBP inhibitors active against resistant strains. We have identified alkyl boronic acids that are active against pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The crystal structures of PBP1b complexed to 11 different alkyl boronates demonstrate that in vivo efficacy correlates with the mode of inhibitor side chain binding. Staphylococcal membrane analyses reveal that the most potent alkyl boronate targets PBP1, an autolysis system regulator, and PBP2a, a low β-lactam affinity enzyme. This work demonstrates the potential of boronate-based PBP inhibitors for circumventing β-lactam resistance and opens avenues for the development of novel antibiotics that target Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Amoroso
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Esther C. Y. Woon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Inglis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Olivier Verlaine
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna M. Rydzik
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - André Luxen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Joris
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie, B6a, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
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Zervosen A, Herman R, Kerff F, Herman A, Bouillez A, Prati F, Pratt RF, Frère JM, Joris B, Luxen A, Charlier P, Sauvage E. Unexpected Tricovalent Binding Mode of Boronic Acids within the Active Site of a Penicillin-Binding Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10839-48. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200696y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Prati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - R. F. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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Turk S, Verlaine O, Gerards T, Živec M, Humljan J, Sosič I, Amoroso A, Zervosen A, Luxen A, Joris B, Gobec S. New noncovalent inhibitors of penicillin-binding proteins from penicillin-resistant bacteria. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19418. [PMID: 21573060 PMCID: PMC3090393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are well known and validated targets for antibacterial therapy. The most important clinically used inhibitors of PBPs β-lactams inhibit transpeptidase activity of PBPs by forming a covalent penicilloyl-enzyme complex that blocks the normal transpeptidation reaction; this finally results in bacterial death. In some resistant bacteria the resistance is acquired by active-site distortion of PBPs, which lowers their acylation efficiency for β-lactams. To address this problem we focused our attention to discovery of novel noncovalent inhibitors of PBPs. Methodology/Principal Findings Our in-house bank of compounds was screened for inhibition of three PBPs from resistant bacteria: PBP2a from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), PBP2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 5204, and PBP5fm from Enterococcus faecium strain D63r. Initial hit inhibitor obtained by screening was then used as a starting point for computational similarity searching for structurally related compounds and several new noncovalent inhibitors were discovered. Two compounds had promising inhibitory activities of both PBP2a and PBP2x 5204, and good in-vitro antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains. Conclusions We found new noncovalent inhibitors of PBPs which represent important starting points for development of more potent inhibitors of PBPs that can target penicillin-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Turk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olivier Verlaine
- Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gerards
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matej Živec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Humljan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Amoroso
- Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Joris
- Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Woon ECY, Zervosen A, Sauvage E, Simmons KJ, Živec M, Inglis SR, Fishwick CWG, Gobec S, Charlier P, Luxen A, Schofield CJ. Structure guided development of potent reversibly binding penicillin binding protein inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:219-23. [PMID: 24900305 DOI: 10.1021/ml100260x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following from the evaluation of different types of electrophiles, combined modeling and crystallographic analyses are used to generate potent boronic acid based inhibitors of a penicillin binding protein. The results suggest that a structurally informed approach to penicillin binding protein inhibition will be useful for the development of both improved reversibly binding inhibitors, including boronic acids, and acylating inhibitors, such as β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C. Y. Woon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Zervosen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Universite de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Sauvage
- Centre d’Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Institut de Physique B5, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Katie J. Simmons
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Matej Živec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Steven R. Inglis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paulette Charlier
- Centre d’Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Institut de Physique B5, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, B30, Universite de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Derouaux A, Turk S, Olrichs NK, Gobec S, Breukink E, Amoroso A, Offant J, Bostock J, Mariner K, Chopra I, Vernet T, Zervosen A, Joris B, Frère JM, Nguyen-Distèche M, Terrak M. Small molecule inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis targeting the lipid II precursor. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1098-105. [PMID: 21356201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (GTs) of family 51 catalyze the polymerization of the lipid II precursor into linear peptidoglycan strands. This activity is essential to bacteria and represents a validated target for the development of new antibacterials. Application of structure-based virtual screening to the National Cancer Institute library using eHits program and the structure of the glycosyltransferase domain of the Staphylococcus aureus penicillin-binding protein 2 resulted in the identification of two small molecules analogues 5, a 2-[1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-5-methylsulfanylindol-3-yl]ethanamine and 5b, a 2-[1-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-5-methylsulfanylindol-3-yl]ethanamine that exhibit antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria but were less active on Gram-negative bacteria. The two compounds inhibit the activity of five GTs in the micromolar range. Investigation of the mechanism of action shows that the compounds specifically target peptidoglycan synthesis. Unexpectedly, despite the fact that the compounds were predicted to bind to the GT active site, compound 5b was found to interact with the lipid II substrate via the pyrophosphate motif. In addition, this compound showed a negatively charged phospholipid-dependent membrane depolarization and disruption activity. These small molecules are promising leads for the development of more active and specific compounds to target the essential GT step in cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Derouaux
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Allée de la chimie, B6a, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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16
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Mercier F, Zervosen A, Teller N, Frère JM, Herman R, Pennartz A, Joris B, Luxen A. 1,6-AnhMurNAc derivatives for assay development of amidase AmiD. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7422-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Sauvage E, Zervosen A, Dive G, Herman R, Amoroso A, Joris B, Fonzé E, Pratt RF, Luxen A, Charlier P, Kerff F. Structural basis of the inhibition of class A beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins by 6-beta-iodopenicillanate. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:15262-9. [PMID: 19919161 DOI: 10.1021/ja9051526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6-Beta-halogenopenicillanates are powerful, irreversible inhibitors of various beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. Upon acylation of these enzymes, the inhibitors are thought to undergo a structural rearrangement associated with the departure of the iodide and formation of a dihydrothiazine ring, but, to date, no structural evidence has proven this. 6-Beta-iodopenicillanic acid (BIP) is shown here to be an active antibiotic against various bacterial strains and an effective inhibitor of the class A beta-lactamase of Bacillus subtilis BS3 (BS3) and the D,D-peptidase of Actinomadura R39 (R39). Crystals of BS3 and of R39 were soaked with a solution of BIP and their structures solved at 1.65 and 2.2 A, respectively. The beta-lactam and the thiazolidine rings of BIP are indeed found to be fused into a dihydrothiazine ring that can adopt two stable conformations at these active sites. The rearranged BIP is observed in one conformation in the BS3 active site and in two monomers of the asymmetric unit of R39, and is observed in the other conformation in the other two monomers of the asymmetric unit of R39. The BS3 structure reveals a new mode of carboxylate interaction with a class A beta-lactamase active site that should be of interest in future inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sauvage
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines and Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.
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18
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Kerff F, Petrella S, Mercier F, Sauvage E, Herman R, Pennartz A, Zervosen A, Luxen A, Frère JM, Joris B, Charlier P. Specific structural features of the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase AmiD from Escherichia coli and mechanistic implications for enzymes of this family. J Mol Biol 2009; 397:249-59. [PMID: 20036252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AmiD is the fifth identified N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine zinc amidase of Escherichia coli. This periplasmic lipoprotein is anchored in the outer membrane and has a broad specificity. AmiD is capable of cleaving the intact peptidoglycan (PG) as well as soluble fragments containing N-acetylmuramic acid regardless of the presence of an anhydro form or not, unlike the four other amidases, AmiA, AmiB, AmiC, and AmpD, which have some specificity. AmiD function is, however, not clearly established but it could be part of the enzymatic machinery involved in the PG turnover in E. coli. We solved three structures of the E. coli zinc amidase AmiD devoid of its lipidic anchorage: the holoenzyme, the apoenzyme in complex with the substrate anhydro-N-acetylmuramic-acid-L-Ala-gamma-d-Glu-L-Lys, and the holoenzyme in complex with the L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys peptide, the product of the hydrolysis of this substrate by AmiD. The AmiD structure shows a relatively flexible N-terminal extension that allows an easy reach of the PG by the enzyme inserted into the outer membrane. The C-terminal domain provides a potential extended geometrical complementarity to the substrate. AmiD shares a common fold with AmpD, the bacteriophage T7 lysozyme, and the PG recognition proteins, which are receptor proteins involved in the innate immune responses of a wide range of organisms. Analysis of the different structures reveals the similarity between the catalytic mechanism of zinc amidases of the AmiD family and the thermolysin-related zinc peptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Kerff
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, Bât B5a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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19
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Inglis SR, Zervosen A, Woon ECY, Gerards T, Teller N, Fischer DS, Luxen A, Schofield CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acids as D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6097-106. [PMID: 19731939 DOI: 10.1021/jm9009718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) catalyze steps in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls and are the targets for the beta-lactam antibiotics. Non-beta-lactam based antibiotics that target PBPs are of interest because bacteria have evolved resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics. Boronic acids have been developed as inhibitors of the mechanistically related serine beta-lactamases and serine proteases; however, they have not been explored extensively as PBP inhibitors. Here we report aromatic boronic acid inhibitors of the D,D-carboxypeptidase R39 from Actinomadura sp. strain. Analogues of an initially identified inhibitor [3-(dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acid 1, IC(50) 400 microM] were prepared via routes involving pinacol boronate esters, which were deprotected via a two-stage procedure involving intermediate trifluorborate salts that were hydrolyzed to provide the free boronic acids. 3-(Dihydroxyboryl)benzoic acid analogues containing an amide substituent in the meta, but not ortho position were up to 17-fold more potent inhibitors of the R39 PBP and displayed some activity against other PBPs. These compounds may be useful for the development of even more potent boronic acid based PBP inhibitors with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.
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20
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Miguet L, Zervosen A, Gerards T, Pasha FA, Luxen A, Distèche-Nguyen M, Thomas A. Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5926-36. [PMID: 19746934 DOI: 10.1021/jm900625q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) are involved in the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan layer constitutive of the bacterial envelope. They have been targeted for more than half a century by extensively derived molecular scaffolds of penicillins and cephalosporins. Streptococcus pneumoniae resists the antibiotic pressure by inducing highly mutated PBPs that can no longer bind the beta-lactam containing agents. To find inhibitors of PBP2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae (spPBP2x) with novel chemical scaffold so as to circumvent the resistance problems, a hierarchical virtual screening procedure was performed on the NCI database containing approximately 260000 compounds. The calculations involved ligand-based pharmacophore mapping studies and molecular docking simulations in a homology model of spPBP2x from the highly resistant strain 5204. A total of 160 hits were found, and 55 were available for experimental tests. Three compounds harboring two novel chemical scaffolds were identified as inhibitors of the resistant strain 5204-spPBP2x at the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Miguet
- Laboratoire de Dynamique Moleculaire, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel (CEA/CNRS/UJF), Grenoble, France
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21
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Duez C, Zervosen A, Teller N, Melkonian RÃ, Banzubazé E, Bouillenne F, Luxen A, Frère JM. Characterization of the proteins encoded by theBacillus subtilis yoxA-dacCâ operon. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 300:42-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Zervosen A, Saegerman C, Antoniotti I, Robert B, Ruth N, Collard A, Schynts F, Galleni M, Mercuri PS. Characterization of the cattle serum antibody responses against TEM beta-lactamase and the nonimmunogenic Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STaI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 54:319-29. [PMID: 19049644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to test the use of a subunit recombinant vaccine for its capacity to induce antibodies against the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin STa from Escherichia coli and the TEM-1 beta-lactamase, cattle were immunized with a hybrid protein created by insertion of the STa sequence at position 197 of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Specific anti-STa IgG and IgG1 antibodies were detected at low levels, while no IgG2 antibodies were detected. In contrast, high levels of the different anti-TEM IgG subtypes were detected in cattle sera. In addition, beta-lactamase activity was inhibited by the sera. The presence of antibodies against STa and TEM-1 beta-lactamase was assessed in sera from 366 cattle taken from the field. No significant level of IgGs against the toxin or the TEM-1 was detected. A comparison of the antibody level between the immunized and the nonimmunized animals clearly demonstrated that STa was not able to induce a significant level of antibodies in the vaccinated animals. In contrast, a strong antibody response against TEM-1 beta-lactamase was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zervosen
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, B6 Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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23
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Beck J, Gharbi S, Herteg-Fernea A, Vercheval L, Bebrone C, Lassaux P, Zervosen A, Marchand-Brynaert J. Aminophosphonic Acids and Aminobis(phosphonic acids) as Potential Inhibitors of Penicillin-Binding Proteins. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Macheboeuf P, Fischer DS, Brown T, Zervosen A, Luxen A, Joris B, Dessen A, Schofield CJ. Structural and mechanistic basis of penicillin-binding protein inhibition by lactivicins. Nat Chem Biol 2007; 3:565-9. [PMID: 17676039 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins, inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for bacterial cell wall biogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved efficient antibiotic resistance mechanisms that, in Gram-positive bacteria, include mutations to PBPs that enable them to avoid beta-lactam inhibition. Lactivicin (LTV; 1) contains separate cycloserine and gamma-lactone rings and is the only known natural PBP inhibitor that does not contain a beta-lactam. Here we show that LTV and a more potent analog, phenoxyacetyl-LTV (PLTV; 2), are active against clinically isolated, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Crystallographic analyses of S. pneumoniae PBP1b reveal that LTV and PLTV inhibition involves opening of both monocyclic cycloserine and gamma-lactone rings. In PBP1b complexes, the ring-derived atoms from LTV and PLTV show a notable structural convergence with those derived from a complexed cephalosporin (cefotaxime; 3). The structures imply that derivatives of LTV will be useful in the search for new antibiotics with activity against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Macheboeuf
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel Commissariat à l'énergie atomique - Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique - Université Joseph Fourier, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble, France
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25
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Fraipont C, Sapunaric F, Zervosen A, Auger G, Devreese B, Lioux T, Blanot D, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Herdewijn P, Van Beeumen J, Frère JM, Nguyen-Distèche M. Glycosyl Transferase Activity of the Escherichia coli Penicillin-Binding Protein 1b: Specificity Profile for the Substrate. Biochemistry 2006; 45:4007-13. [PMID: 16548528 DOI: 10.1021/bi051055m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glycosyl transferase of the Escherichia coli bifunctional penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1b catalyzes the assembly of lipid-transported N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-A2pm-D-Ala-D-Ala units (lipid II) into linear peptidoglycan chains. These units are linked, at C1 of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), to a C55 undecaprenyl pyrophosphate. In an in vitro assay, lipid II functions both as a glycosyl donor and as a glycosyl acceptor substrate. Using substrate analogues, it is suggested that the specificity of the enzyme for the glycosyl donor substrate differs from that for the acceptor. The donor substrate requires the presence of both N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and MurNAc and a reactive group on C1 of the MurNAc and does not absolutely require the lipid chain which can be replaced by uridine. The enzyme appears to prefer an acceptor substrate containing a polyprenyl pyrophosphate on C1 of the MurNAc sugar. The problem of glycan chain elongation that presumably proceeds by the repetitive addition of disaccharide peptide units at their reducing end is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Fraipont
- Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie B6a, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Zervosen A, Lu WP, Chen Z, White RE, Demuth TP, Frère JM. Interactions between penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and two novel classes of PBP inhibitors, arylalkylidene rhodanines and arylalkylidene iminothiazolidin-4-ones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:961-9. [PMID: 14982790 PMCID: PMC353079 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.3.961-969.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several non-beta-lactam compounds were active against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. The MICs of arylalkylidene rhodanines and arylalkylidene iminothiazolidin-4-ones were lower than those of ampicillin and cefotaxime for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MI339 and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium EF12. Several compounds were found to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of S. aureus and the last two steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis catalyzed by ether-treated cells of Escherichia coli or cell wall membrane preparations of Bacillus megaterium. The effects of the arylalkylidene rhodanines and arylalkylidene iminothiazolidin-4-one derivatives on E. coli PBP 3 and PBP 5, Streptococcus pneumoniae PBP 2xS (PBP 2x from a penicillin-sensitive strain) and PBP 2xR (PBP 2x from a penicillin-resistant strain), low-affinity PBP 2a of S. aureus, and the Actinomadura sp. strain R39 and Streptomyces sp. strain R61 DD-peptidases were studied. Some of the compounds exhibited inhibitory activities in the 10 to 100 microM concentration range. The inhibition of PBP 2xS by several of them appeared to be noncompetitive. The dissociation constant for the best inhibitor (Ki = 10 microM) was not influenced by the presence of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zervosen
- Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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27
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Zervosen A, Valladares MH, Devreese B, Prosperi-Meys C, Adolph HW, Mercuri PS, Vanhove M, Amicosante G, van Beeumen J, Frère JM, Galleni M. Inactivation of Aeromonas hydrophila metallo-beta-lactamase by cephamycins and moxalactam. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:3840-50. [PMID: 11432752 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of moxalactam and cefoxitin with the Aeromonas hydrophila metallo-beta-lactamase CphA leads to enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of both compounds and to irreversible inactivation of the enzyme by the reaction products. As shown by electrospray mass spectrometry, the inactivation of CphA by cefoxitin and moxalactam is accompanied by the formation of stable adducts with mass increases of 445 and 111 Da, respectively. The single thiol group of the inactivated enzyme is no longer titrable, and dithiothreitol treatment of the complexes partially restores the catalytic activity. The mechanism of inactivation by moxalactam was studied in detail. Hydrolysis of moxalactam is followed by elimination of the 3' leaving group (5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole), which forms a disulfide bond with the cysteine residue of CphA located in the active site. Interestingly, this reaction is catalyzed by cacodylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zervosen
- Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Belgium
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Zervosen A, Nieder V, Gallego RG, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Elling L. Synthesis of nucleotide-activated oligosaccharides by beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Biol Chem 2001; 382:299-311. [PMID: 11308028 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic access to nucleotide-activated oligosaccharides by a glycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction was explored. The nucleotide sugars UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-Glc were tested as acceptor substrates for beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using lactose as donor substrate. The UDP-disaccharides Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) (UDP-LacNAc) and Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) (UDP-Lac) and the UDP-trisaccharides Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP and Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) were formed stereo- and regioselectively. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The synthesis in frozen solution at -5 degrees C instead of 30 degrees C gave significantly higher product yields with respect to the acceptor substrates. This was due to a remarkably higher product stability in the small liquid phase of the frozen reaction mixture. Under optimized conditions, at -5 degrees C and pH 4.5 with 500 mM lactose and 100 mM UDP-GlcNAc, an overall yield of 8.2% (81.8 micromol, 62.8 mg with 100% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) and 3.6% (36.1 micromol, 35 mg with 96% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) was obtained. UDP-Glc as acceptor gave an overall yield of 5.0% (41.3 micromol, 32.3 mg with 93% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) and 1.6% (13.0 micromol, 12.2 mg with 95% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP). The analysis of other nucleotide sugars revealed UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc, UDP-Xyl and dTDP-, CDP-, ADP- and GDP-Glc as further acceptor substrates for beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zervosen
- Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Elling L, Zervosen A, Gallego RG, Nieder V, Malissard M, Berger EG, Vliegenthart JF, Kamerling JP. UDP-N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as acceptor substrate of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Enzymatic synthesis of UDP-N-acetyllactosamine. Glycoconj J 1999; 16:327-36. [PMID: 10619705 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007039825505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as an in vitro acceptor substrate for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT1, EC 2.4.1.38) from human and bovine milk and for recombinant human beta4GalT1, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated. It turned out that each of the enzymes is capable to transfer Gal from UDP-alpha-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) to UDP-GlcNAc, affording Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP (UDP-LacNAc). Using beta4GalT1 from human milk, a preparative enzymatic synthesis of UDP-LacNAc was carried out, and the product was characterized by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Studies with all three beta4GalTs in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin showed that the UDP-LacNAc synthesis is inhibited and that UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not an acceptor substrate. This is the first reported synthesis of a nucleotide-activated disaccharide, employing a Leloir glycosyltransferase with a nucleotide-activated monosaccharide as acceptor substrate. Interestingly, in these studies beta4GalT1 accepts an alpha-glycosidated GlcNAc derivative. The results imply that beta4GalT1 may be responsible for the biosynthesis of UDP-LacNAc, previously isolated from human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Elling
- Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, Germany.
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Hokke CH, Zervosen A, Elling L, Joziasse DH, van den Eijnden DH. One-pot enzymatic synthesis of the Gal alpha 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc sequence with in situ UDP-Gal regeneration. Glycoconj J 1996; 13:687-92. [PMID: 8872127 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The trisaccharide Gal alpha 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->O-(CH2)8COOCH3 was enzymatically synthesized, with in situ UDP-Gal regeneration. By combination in one pot of only four enzymes, namely, sucrose synthase, UDP-Glc 4'-epimerase, UDP-Gal:GlcNAc beta 4-galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal:Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc alpha 3-galactosyltransferase, Gal alpha 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->O-(CH2)8COOCH3 was formed in a 2.2 mumol ml-1 yield starting from the acceptor GlcNAc beta 1-->O-(CH2)8COOCH3. This is an efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of the Gal alpha 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc epitope which pays an important role in various biological and immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hokke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zervosen A, Elling L. A Novel Three-Enzyme Reaction Cycle for the Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine with in Situ Regeneration of Uridine 5‘-Diphosphate Glucose and Uridine 5‘-Diphosphate Galactose. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja953495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zervosen
- Contribution from the Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, P.O. Box 2050, D-52404 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Contribution from the Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, P.O. Box 2050, D-52404 Jülich, Germany
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Zervosen A, Stein A, Adrian H, Elling L. Combined enzymatic synthesis of nucleotide (deoxy) sugars from sucrose and nucleoside monophosphates. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- L Elling
- Institute for Enzyme Technology of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Research Center Jülich, Germany
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Zervosen A, Elling L, Kula MR. Kontinuierliche enzymatische Synthese von 2′-Desoxythymidin-5′-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-diphosphat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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