1
|
Wang J, Zhang D, Wen Y, Cao X, Ma J, George Wang P. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of UDP-α-6-N 3-glucose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1148-1151. [PMID: 30826291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemo-enzymatic synthetic method for UDP-α-6-N3-glucose was developed by combining the versatility of chemical synthesis and natural enzyme stereo-selectivity of Bifidobacterium longum (BLUSP). This flexible and efficient platform expanded the substrate scope for UDP-sugars on an improved scale, particularly for UDP-sugar substrates containing bioorthogonal functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Dongzhe Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhang Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weïwer M, Sherwood T, Green DE, Chen M, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis of uridine 5'-diphosphoiduronic acid: a potential substrate for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7631-7. [PMID: 18759479 PMCID: PMC2639712 DOI: 10.1021/jo801409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of the biological activities of heparin requires structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides. The chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides relies on glycosyltransferases that use UDP-sugar nucleotides as donors. Uridine 5'-diphosphoiduronic acid (UDP-IdoA) and uridine 5'-diphosphohexenuronic acid (UDP-HexUA) have been synthesized as potential analogues of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) for enzymatic incorporation into heparin oligosaccharides. Non-natural UDP-IdoA and UDP-HexUA were tested as substrates for various glucuronosyltransferases to better understand enzyme specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Weïwer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Trevor Sherwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Dixy E. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Miao Chen
- University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, CB no. 7360 Beard Hall, Room 309, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jian Liu
- University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, CB no. 7360 Beard Hall, Room 309, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takaku H, Sato J, Ishida HK, Inazu T, Ishida H, Kiso M. A chemical synthesis of UDP-LacNAc and its regioisomer for finding 'oligosaccharide transferases'. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:565-73. [PMID: 17006647 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-7836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A chemical synthesis of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetyllactosamine (Galbeta(1-->4)GlcNAc-UDP; UDP-LacNAc) and Galbeta(1-->3)GlcNAc-UDP is described. Coupling of the disaccharide imidate derivatives with dibenzylphosphate gave the corresponding 1-phosphates, which were condensed with UMP-imidazolate to give the target UDP-oligosaccharides after purification by anion exchange HPLC and gel filtration column chromatography. Using this methodology a variety of oligosaccharide nucleotide analogues can be synthesized. These UDP-oligosaccharides may be useful for finding so-called ;oligosaccharide transferases', the glycosyltransferases which transfer the oligosaccharide moiety onto glycosyl acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Takaku
- United Graduate School of Agricultual Science, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
[structure: see text]. The use of Leloir glycosyltransferases to prepare biologically relevant oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates requires access to sugar nucleoside diphosphates, which are notoriously difficult to efficiently synthesize and purify. We report a novel stereoselective route to UDP- and GDP-alpha-D-mannose as well as UDP- and GDP-beta-L-fucose via direct displacement of acylated glycosyl bromides with nucleoside 5'-diphosphates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rejzek M, Mukhopadhyay B, Wenzel CQ, Lam JS, Field RA. Direct oxidation of sugar nucleotides to the corresponding uronic acids: TEMPO and platinum-based procedures. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:460-6. [PMID: 17087923 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The direct oxidation of UDP-alpha-d-glucose and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-d-glucosamine to the corresponding uronic acids was explored using either TEMPO or platinum-catalysed oxidation with molecular oxygen. Whilst TEMPO-based procedures gave rise to substantial over-oxidation and/or degradation of UDP-glucose, oxidation of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to UDP-N-acetyl-glucosaminuronic acid was achieved with >90% conversion and ca. 65% isolated yield using a platinum-catalysed procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rejzek
- Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohashi T, Cramer N, Ishimizu T, Hase S. Preparation of UDP-galacturonic acid using UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase. Anal Biochem 2006; 352:182-7. [PMID: 16581011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UDP-galacturonic acid, the activated form of galacturonic acid (GalUA), is synthesized both de novo and by salvage pathways. The UDP-GalUA pyrophosphorylase gene involved in the salvage pathway has not been identified. Here we show that UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase from Pisum sativum with a broad specificity has UDP-GalUA pyrophosphorylase activity. The enzyme catalyzed the formation of UDP-GalUA and pyrophosphate from GalUA 1-phosphate and UTP with an equilibrium constant value of 0.24. The recombinant UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase had optimal pH of 6.0, and the apparent K(m) values for GalUA 1-phosphate, UTP, UDP-GalUA, and pyrophosphate were 2.27, 1.15, 0.70, and 1.26 mM, respectively. In the presence of inorganic pyrophosphatase, the recombinant enzyme produced UDP-GalUA in an 84% yield (based on the GalUA 1-phosphate substrate) on a preparative scale. Thus, this UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase is useful for the highly efficient production of UDP-GalUA for studies on pectin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jungdon Bae
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takaya K, Nagahori N, Kurogochi M, Furuike T, Miura N, Monde K, Lee YC, Nishimura SI. Rational design, synthesis, and characterization of novel inhibitors for human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6054-65. [PMID: 16162007 DOI: 10.1021/jm0504297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An affinity labeling reagent, uridine 5'-(6-amino-{2-[(7-bromomethyl-2-naphthyl)methoxycarbonylmethoxy]ethoxy}acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate (1a), was designed on the basis of 3D docking simulation and synthesized to investigate the functional role of Trp310 residue located in the small loop near the active site of human recombinant galactosyltransferase (betaGalT-1). Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the Trp310 residue of betaGalT1 can be selectively modified with the naphthylmethyl group of compound 1a at the C-3 position of the indole ring. This result motivated us to synthesize novel uridine-5'-diphosphogalactose (UDP-Gal) analogues as candidates for mechanism-based inhibitors for betaGalT-1. We found that uridine 5'-(6-O-[10-(2-naphthyl)-3,6,9-trioxadecanyl]-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate (2) is the strongest inhibitor (K(i) = 1.86 microM) against UDP-Gal (Km = 4.91 microM) among compounds reported previously. A cold spray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study demonstrated that the complex of this inhibitor and betaGalT-1 cannot interact with an acceptor substrate in the presence of Mn2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takaya
- Division of Biological Sciences, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khaled A, Ivannikova T, Augé C. Synthesis of unnatural sugar nucleotides and their evaluation as donor substrates in glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions. Carbohydr Res 2005; 339:2641-9. [PMID: 15519322 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
New unnatural sugar nucleotides, UDP-Fuc and CDP-Fuc were synthesized from fucose-beta-1-phosphate and nucleotide monophosphates activated as morpholidates. Furthermore, a nucleotide analogue was prepared by phosphorylation of 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)cyanuric acid, itself obtained as a protected derivative by condensation of the persilylated derivative of cyanuric acid with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose in 74% yield. This phosphate activated according to the same procedure was condensed with fucose-beta-1-phosphate, affording a new sugar nucleotide conjugate (NDP-Fuc) which was evaluated together with UDP-Fuc, CDP-Fuc and ADP-Fuc, as fucose donors in alpha-(1-->4/3)-fucosyltransferase (FucT-III) catalyzed reaction. Fucose transfer could be observed with each of the donors and kinetic parameters were determined using a fluorescent acceptor substrate. Efficiency of the four analogues towards FucT-III was in the following order: UDP-Fuc=ADP-Fuc>NDP-Fuc>CDP-Fuc. According to the same strategy ADP-GlcNAc was prepared from AMP-morpholidate and N-acetylglucosamine-alpha-1-phosphate; tested as a glucosaminyl donor towards Neisseria meningitidis N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (LgtA), ADP-GlcNAc was recognized with 0.1% efficiency as compared with UDP-GlcNAc, the natural donor substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Khaled
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Multifonctionnelle, UMR 8614, GDR 2590, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, Bât 420, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang R, Moquist P, Finney NS. Chemical synthesis of UDP-4-O-methyl-GlcNAc, a potential chain terminator of chitin synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2005; 339:1531-6. [PMID: 15178397 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitin synthase converts uridine diphosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to chitin (poly-beta-(1-->4)-GlcNAc). During polymerization, elongation occurs at the 4-OH (nonreducing) terminus of the growing chitin chain. Blockage of the 4-OH via incorporation of UDP-N-acetyl-4-O-methylglucosamine (UDP-4-OMe-GlcNAc, 3) can potentially terminate chitin polymerization, and represents a novel strategy for chitin synthase inhibition. The chemical synthesis of 3 and preliminary evaluation of its possible incorporation by chitin synthase are reported herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Arbuzov reaction of O-acetyl-protected glycosylthiomethyl chlorides with triethyl phosphite and then phosphonate ethyl ester cleavage with trimethylsilyl bromide afforded glycosylthiomethyl phosphonates 13, 18, 22, and 26. These intermediates could be readily transformed into the O-deprotected phosphonates 7-10 and into title compounds 1-4. Similarly, sulfonomethyl phosphonate moieties containing UDP-sugar analogues 5 and 6 were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Zhu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach M 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Leloir transferases, like UDP-d-xylosyl transferase and arabinosyl transferase, utilize nucleoside diphosphate sugars to build up plant oligo- and polysaccharides. By the described, scalable three-step synthesis a simple route is described to arrive at the respective enzyme substrates, which are otherwise difficult to obtain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ernst
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
VanNieuwenhze MS, Mauldin SC, Zia-Ebrahimi M, Winger BE, Hornback WJ, Saha SL, Aikins JA, Blaszczak LC. The first total synthesis of lipid II: the final monomeric intermediate in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3656-60. [PMID: 11929255 DOI: 10.1021/ja017386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan is composed of a network of beta-[1,4]-linked glyan strands that are cross-linked through pendant peptide chains. The final product, the murein sacculus, is a single, covalently closed macromolecule that precisely defines the size and shape of the bacterial cell. The recent increase in bacterial resistance to cell wall active agents has led to a resurgence of activity directed toward improving our understanding of the resistance mechanisms at the molecular level. The biosynthetic enzymes and their natural substrates can be invaluable tools in this endeavor. While modern experimental techniques have led to isolation and purification of the biosynthetic enzymes utilized in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, securing useful quantities of their requisite substrates from natural substrates has remained problematic. In an effort to address this issue, we report the first total synthesis of lipid II (4), the final monomeric intermediate utilized by Gram positive bacteria for peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S VanNieuwenhze
- Discovery Chemistry Research and the Department of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zervosen A, Nieder V, Gallego RG, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF, Elling L. Synthesis of nucleotide-activated oligosaccharides by beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Biol Chem 2001; 382:299-311. [PMID: 11308028 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic access to nucleotide-activated oligosaccharides by a glycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction was explored. The nucleotide sugars UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-Glc were tested as acceptor substrates for beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using lactose as donor substrate. The UDP-disaccharides Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) (UDP-LacNAc) and Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) (UDP-Lac) and the UDP-trisaccharides Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP and Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) were formed stereo- and regioselectively. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The synthesis in frozen solution at -5 degrees C instead of 30 degrees C gave significantly higher product yields with respect to the acceptor substrates. This was due to a remarkably higher product stability in the small liquid phase of the frozen reaction mixture. Under optimized conditions, at -5 degrees C and pH 4.5 with 500 mM lactose and 100 mM UDP-GlcNAc, an overall yield of 8.2% (81.8 micromol, 62.8 mg with 100% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) and 3.6% (36.1 micromol, 35 mg with 96% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP) was obtained. UDP-Glc as acceptor gave an overall yield of 5.0% (41.3 micromol, 32.3 mg with 93% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP) and 1.6% (13.0 micromol, 12.2 mg with 95% purity) for Gal(beta1-4)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(alpha1-UDP). The analysis of other nucleotide sugars revealed UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc, UDP-Xyl and dTDP-, CDP-, ADP- and GDP-Glc as further acceptor substrates for beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Zervosen
- Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Uridine-5'-diphospho-beta-L-arabinofuranose, a possible donor of L-arabinofuranose residues in plants, was synthesized. This compound, in the presence of UDP-galactopyranose mutase, underwent interconversion with UDP-beta-L-arabinopyranose that is a likely precursor of L-arabinofuranose in vivo. This result provided a working model for the biogenesis of arabinofuranose in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Galacturonic acid (GalA) is a major component of plant cell-wall-derived pectins. It can be also found in the cell-surface polysaccharides of different microorganisms, including several symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Uridine diphosphogalacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) is a likely donor for GalA during the biosynthesis of these polysaccharides. A highly efficient, yet simple, method is presented for generating and purifying UDP-[14C]GalA. Commercially available UDP-[14C]-galactose was quantitatively oxidized (>95% conversion) to UDP-[14C]GalA in the presence of high levels of galactose oxidase and catalase, at prolonged incubation times. Following this one-step enzymatic oxidation, UDP-[14C]GalA was purified using a polyethyleneimine cellulose column with a single-step 1 M NaCl elution. The authenticity of the purified UDP-[14C]GalA was verified by its relative mobility on thin-layer chromatograms, analysis of its chemical hydrolysis products, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Our yield of >90% is much higher than by previously described methods. The method may serve as a prototype for the preparation of other radiolabeled uronic acids and their nucleotide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Basu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Orellana A, Mohnen D. Enzymatic synthesis and purification of [(3)H]uridine diphosphate galacturonic acid for use in studying Golgi-localized transporters. Anal Biochem 1999; 272:224-31. [PMID: 10415092 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphosphate galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) is a substrate for the galacturonosyltransferases that synthesize the three pectic polysaccharides homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, and rhamnogalacturonan II. Pectin synthesis occurs in the Golgi and it is hypothesized that UDP-GalA is transported into the lumen of the Golgi by membrane-localized transporters. To study the transport and metabolism of UDP-GalA in the Golgi, UDP-GalA labeled in the uridine moiety is required. Here we present a high-yield method for the synthesis of [(3)H]UDP-GalA from [(3)H]UTP and Glc-1-P by sequential reactions catalyzed by UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Glc dehydrogenase, and UDP-GlcA-4-epimerase and the separation of the reaction products over a Dionex CarboPac PA1 anion-exchange column using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). Approximately half of the [(3)H]UTP was converted into [(3)H]UDP-GalA and the remaining 50% was recovered as [(3)H]UDP-GlcA. Both products were purified and the identity of the [(3)H]UDP-GalA was confirmed by its conversion into [(3)H]UDP-GlcA by UDP-GlcA-4-epimerase. The enzymatic synthesis of diverse nucleotide sugars radiolabeled in the nucleotide by the use of nucleotide-converting enzymes, combined with the high-resolution separation of the nucleotide sugars and their purification by HPAEC, can provide unique substrates required for the study of diverse nucleotide sugar transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Orellana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elling L, Zervosen A, Gallego RG, Nieder V, Malissard M, Berger EG, Vliegenthart JF, Kamerling JP. UDP-N-Acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine as acceptor substrate of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Enzymatic synthesis of UDP-N-acetyllactosamine. Glycoconj J 1999; 16:327-36. [PMID: 10619705 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007039825505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as an in vitro acceptor substrate for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT1, EC 2.4.1.38) from human and bovine milk and for recombinant human beta4GalT1, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was evaluated. It turned out that each of the enzymes is capable to transfer Gal from UDP-alpha-D-galactose (UDP-Gal) to UDP-GlcNAc, affording Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(alpha1-UDP (UDP-LacNAc). Using beta4GalT1 from human milk, a preparative enzymatic synthesis of UDP-LacNAc was carried out, and the product was characterized by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Studies with all three beta4GalTs in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin showed that the UDP-LacNAc synthesis is inhibited and that UDP-alpha-D-glucose is not an acceptor substrate. This is the first reported synthesis of a nucleotide-activated disaccharide, employing a Leloir glycosyltransferase with a nucleotide-activated monosaccharide as acceptor substrate. Interestingly, in these studies beta4GalT1 accepts an alpha-glycosidated GlcNAc derivative. The results imply that beta4GalT1 may be responsible for the biosynthesis of UDP-LacNAc, previously isolated from human milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Elling
- Institute of Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Research Center Jülich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liljebjelke K, Adolphson R, Baker K, Doong RL, Mohnen D. Enzymatic synthesis and purification of uridine diphosphate [14C]galacturonic acid: a substrate for pectin biosynthesis. Anal Biochem 1995; 225:296-304. [PMID: 7762795 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pectins are complex polysaccharides that contain 1,4-linked alpha-D-galactosyluronic acid residues found in the primary wall of all higher plant cells. The pectic polysaccharides play critical roles in cell wall structure and in plant growth and development. As a first step in studying pectin biosynthesis a method was developed to routinely generate and purify UDP-[U-14C]galacturonic acid (UDP-[14C]GalA), the nucleotide sugar substrate for homogalacturonan biosynthesis. UDP-[14C]GalA was enzymatically synthesized by 4-epimerization of commercially available UDP-[U-14C]glucuronic acid (UDP-[14C]GlcA) using a particulate preparation from radish roots. The resulting mixture of UDP-[14C]GalA and UDP-[14C]GlcA was separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using a Dionex CarboPac PA1 anion-exchange column. The UDP-sugars were detected by their absorbance at 262 nm or by pulsed amperometric detection following postcolumn addition of NaOH. The yield of UDP-[14C]GalA obtained using this procedure was 16% of the starting UDP-[14C]GlcA. Establishment of a reliable method to synthesize and purify UDP-[14C]GalA will facilitate the identification and purification of the galacturonosyltransferase(s) involved in pectin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Liljebjelke
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barber GA, Behrman EJ. The synthesis and characterization of uridine 5'-(beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl diphosphate) and its role in the enzymic synthesis of rutin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1991; 288:239-42. [PMID: 1898019 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90190-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-(beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl diphosphate) was synthesized by the condensation of uridine 5'-diphenylpyrophosphate and beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl phosphate. That sugar 1-phosphate was made via the phosphitylation of the hemiacetal hydroxyl group of 2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-L-rhamnopyranose. An enzyme preparation from the primary leaves of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) was shown to catalyze the transfer of L-rhamnose from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to the flavonol D-glucoside isoquercitrin to form rutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Barber
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
UDP-GlcN was synthesized from GlcN and UTP by a two step hollow fiber enzyme reactor method. In step 1, GlcN was converted to GlcN 6-P and then to GlcN 1-P by hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase, respectively, and UTP was used as the phosphate donor. In step 2, GlcN 1-P was converted to UDP-GlcN by UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase. All the enzymes required for the synthesis of UDP-GlcN were enclosed in hollow fiber bundles which allow for the free diffusion of substrates and products across the membranes to and from the enzymes, allow for the reutilization of the enzymes, and simplify the isolation of the product, UDP-GlcN. We show that both UTP and GlcN 6-P are inhibitors of the yeast UDPG pyrophosphorylase and therefore their concentrations must be regulated to obtain maximum yields of UDP-GlcN. The UDP-GlcN produced can be N-acetylated with [14C]acetic anhydride to produce UDP-[14C]GlcNAc. This method can also be used to synthesize [32P]UDP-GlcN and [32P]UDP-GlcNAc from [alpha-32P]UTP and GlcN 1-P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Ropp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7220
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Drake RR, Evans RK, Wolf MJ, Haley BE. Synthesis and properties of 5-azido-UDP-glucose. Development of photoaffinity probes for nucleotide diphosphate sugar binding sites. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:11928-33. [PMID: 2745423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A new active site directed photoaffinity probe, which is a model compound for studying nucleotide diphosphate sugar binding proteins, has been synthesized by coupling 5-azido-UTP and [32P]Glc-1-P using yeast UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase to produce [beta-32P]5-azidouridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (5N3UDP-Glc). This probe has photochemical properties similar to that of 5-azidoUTP (Evans, R. K., and Haley, B. E. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 269-276). The efficacy of 5N3UDP-Glc as an active site directed probe was demonstrated using yeast UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase. Saturation effects of photoinsertion were observed with an apparent Kd of 51 microM and the natural substrate, UDP-Glc, prevented photoinsertion of [beta-32P]5N3UDP-Glc with an apparent Kd of 87 microM. Prevention of photoinsertion was also seen with UTP and pyrophosphate with apparent Kd values less than 200 microM. UMP, UDP, ATP, and GTP were much less effective competitors. Selective photoinsertion was observed with several partially purified enzymes including UDP-Glc dehydrogenase, UDP-Gal-4-epimerase, Gal-1-P uridyltransferase, and phosphorylase a. The absence of nonselective photoinsertion into bulk proteins was demonstrated with crude homogenates of rabbit liver as well as with several UDP-Glc binding proteins. Of the six purified enzymes tested, only phosphoglucomutase has been shown to incorporate radiolabel from the photoprobe in the absence of UV irradiation. These results and a discussion of the utility of 5N3UDP-Glc for detecting UDP-Glc binding proteins and isolating active site peptides are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Drake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, Lexington 40536
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Simon ES, Toone EJ, Ostroff G, Bednarski MD, Whitesides GM. Preparation of cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid; syntheses of alpha-2, 6-sialyllactosamine, alpha-2, 6-sialyllactose, and hyaluronic acid. Methods Enzymol 1989; 179:275-87. [PMID: 2560122 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(89)79129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Thomas RL, Abbas SA, Matta KL. Synthesis of uridine 5'-(2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate and uridine 5'-(2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate. Carbohydr Res 1988; 184:77-85. [PMID: 3242817 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was converted into its 4-O-(methylsulfonyl) derivative (2) by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine. Displacement of the methylsulfonyloxy group of 2 with fluoride ion afforded benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosi de, which on hydrogenolysis, followed by acetylation, furnished 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-galactopyranose. Treatment of this and of 2-acetamido-1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucopyranose with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in 1,2-dichloroethane at approximately 50 degrees afforded the 4-deoxy-4-fluoro- or the 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-oxazolines (5) and (11), respectively. Reaction of 5 and 11 with dibenzyl phosphate in 1,2-dichloroethane produced the alpha-linked dibenzyl phosphate derivatives 6 and 12, respectively. Catalytic hydrogenation of 6 provided 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosy l phosphate (7), and that of 12 gave 2-acetamido-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate (13). Coupling of 7 and 13 with uridine 5'-monophosphomorpholidate in dry pyridine at approximately 37 degrees, followed by O-deacetylation, furnished the title compounds, respectively, isolated and characterized as their respective dilithium salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Thomas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
UDP[6-3H]galactose of high specificity can be obtained by oxidation of the C-6 hydroxymethyl group of UDP-galactose by galactose oxidase and subsequent reduction by sodium borotritide. One-step purification of the nucleotide sugar involves anion-exchange chromatography on a Pharmacia Mono Q column. Radiolabeled UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine can also be synthesized and purified by this procedure. Both nucleotide sugars can be used for sugar incorporation studies using the appropriate glycosyltransferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fudem-Goldin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mar A, Dworkin J, Oró J. Non-enzymatic synthesis of the coenzymes, uridine diphosphate glucose and cytidine diphosphate choline, and other phosphorylated metabolic intermediates. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 1987; 17:307-19. [PMID: 2819807 DOI: 10.1007/bf02386470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG), cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline), glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) has been accomplished under simulated prebiotic conditions using urea and cyanamide, two condensing agents considered to have been present on the primitive Earth. The synthesis of UDPG was carried out by reacting G1P and UTP at 70 degrees C for 24 hours in the presence of the condensing agents in an aqueous medium. CDP-choline was obtained under the same conditions by reacting choline phosphate and CTP X G1P and G6P were synthesized from glucose and inorganic phosphate at 70 degrees C for 16 hours. Separation and identification of the reaction products have been performed by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, enzymatic analysis and ion pair reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that metabolic intermediates could have been synthesized on the primitive Earth from simple precursors by means of prebiotic condensing agents.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars derived from 5-fluorouridine were studied in cultured AS-30D hepatoma cells as well as in kinetic enzyme assays in vitro in comparison with the physiologic uridine diphospho sugars. Hepatoma cells converted 5-fluoro [14C]uridine to 5-fluorouridine diphospho (FUDP) glucose, FUDP-galactose, FUDP-N-acetylglucosamine, FUDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, and trace amounts of FUDP-glucuronate, as analyzed by different systems of high-performance liquid chromatography. 5-Fluoro[14C]uridine and [14C]uridine, at concentrations of 5 microM in the culture medium, were phosphorylated by the cells during 60 min to similar amounts of FUTP and UTP, respectively, while the synthesis of [14]FUDP-sugars was reduced to 14% as compared to that of [14C]UDP-sugars. FUDP-sugars, synthesized by chemical and enzymatic procedures, were assayed in vitro as substrates for enzymes of UDP-sugar metabolism. Km and V values in a range comparable to that of the respective UDP-sugars were determined for FUDP-sugars in the reactions catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, glycogen synthase, and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. Our experiments in hepatoma cells and with enzymes in vitro have revealed additional reactions of FUDP-sugar metabolism demonstrating a metabolite pattern analogous to that of UDP-sugars. The amounts of FUDP-sugars formed relative to UDP-sugars in intact cells were smaller than suggested on the basis of their kinetic comparison in vitro.
Collapse
|
28
|
Piller F, Eckhardt AE, Hill RL. The preparation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine employing UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase. Anal Biochem 1982; 127:171-7. [PMID: 7165084 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
29
|
Druzhinina TN, Kusov YY, Shibaev VN, Kochetkov NK, Bielý P, Kucár S, Bauer S. Uridine diphosphate 2-deoxyglucose. Chemical synthesis, enzymic oxidation and epimerization. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975; 381:301-7. [PMID: 1091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes chemical synthesis of uridine diphosphate 2-deocyglucose (UDPdGLc) through reaction of uridine 5'-phosphomorpholidate with 2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate. The prepared analog of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPGlc) served as a substrate for calf liver UDPGlc dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.22), the reaction product was identified as nucleotide deoxyhexuronic acid derivative. The apparent Km for UDPdGlc was found to be 60 times that of UDPGlc, and the relative V value for the analog was 0.09. The peculiar lag-eriod in reaction kinetics has been observed for the analog and is presumably connected with the slow rate of the initial stages of the reaction. UDPdGlc was found to be quite an efficient substrate for UDPGlc 4-epimerases (EC 5.13.2) from yeast, calf liver and mung bean seedlings.
Collapse
|
30
|
Druzhinina TN, Kusov II, Shibaev VN. [Mechanism of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase. The chemical synthesis of uridine diphosphate glucose-6-H3 and its oxidation by uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase]. Biokhimiia 1975; 40:123-6. [PMID: 1138993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of UDP-glucose-6-s-H was performed through condensation of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate-6-3-H and uridine 5'-phosphomorpholidate. Enzymic oxidation of UDP-glucose-6-3-H with calf liver UDP-glucose dehydrogenase was found to proceed with direct transfer of the hydrogen from C-6 of UDP-glucose onto NAD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wee TG, Frey PA. Studies on the mechanism of action of uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase. II. Substrate-dependent reduction by sodium borohydride. J Biol Chem 1973; 248:33-40. [PMID: 4348210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
32
|
Barker R, Olsen KW, Shaper JH, Hill RL. Agarose derivatives of uridine diphosphate and N-acetylglucosamine for the purification of a galactosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:7135-47. [PMID: 4674085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
|