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Zeng X, Vidlund J, Gillespie B, Cao L, Agga GE, Lin J, Dego OK. Evaluation of immunogenicity of enterobactin conjugate vaccine for the control of Escherichia coli mastitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7147-7163. [PMID: 37210351 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cows that incurs severe economic losses to the dairy industry. Currently, environmental mastitis pathogens are a major problem for most dairy farms. A current commercially available Escherichia coli vaccine does not prevent clinical mastitis and production losses, likely due to antibody accessibility and antigenic variation issues. Therefore, a novel vaccine that prevents clinical disease and production losses is critically needed. Recently a nutritional immunity approach, which restricts bacterial iron uptake by immunologically sequestering conserved iron-binding enterobactin (Ent), has been developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the keyhole limpet hemocyanin-enterobactin (KLH-Ent) conjugate vaccine in dairy cows. Twelve pregnant Holstein dairy cows in their first through third lactations were randomized to the control or vaccine group, with 6 cows per group. The vaccine group received 3 subcutaneous vaccinations of KLH-Ent with adjuvants at drying off (D0), 20 (D21), and 40 (D42) days after drying off. The control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) mixed with the same adjuvants at the same time points. Vaccination effects were assessed over the study period until the end of the first month of lactation. The KLH-Ent vaccine did not cause any systemic adverse reactions or reduction in milk production. Compared with the control group, the vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of serum Ent-specific IgG at calving (C0) and 30 d postcalving (C30), mainly its IgG2 fraction, which was significantly higher at D42, C0, C14, and C30 d, with no significant change in IgG1 levels. Milk Ent-specific IgG and IgG2 levels in the vaccine group were significantly higher on C30. Fecal microbial community structures were similar for both control and vaccine groups on the same day and shifted directionally along the sampling days. In conclusion, the KLH-Ent vaccine successfully triggered strong Ent-specific immune responses in dairy cows without significantly affecting the gut microbiota diversity and health. The results show that Ent conjugate vaccine is a promising nutritional immunity approach in control of E. coli mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - J Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - B Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - L Cao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - G E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - J Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - O Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
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2
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Inker LA, Ferrè S, Baliker M, Barr A, Bonebrake L, Chang AR, Chaudhari J, Cooper K, Diamantidis CJ, Forfang D, Gillespie B, Gregoriou P, Gwadry-Sridhar F, Ladin K, Maxwell C, Mitchell KR, Murphy KP, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Rocco MV, Spry LA, Sharma A, Tangri N, Warfield C, Willis K. A National Registry for People With All Stages of Kidney Disease: The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Patient Network. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:210-221.e1. [PMID: 36191726 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) launched the first national US kidney disease patient registry, the NKF Patient Network, that is open to patients throughout the continuum of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Network provides individualized education and will facilitate patient-centered research, clinical care, and health policy decisions. Here, we present the overall design and the results of a feasibility study that was conducted July through December 2020. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal observational cohort study of patient-entered data with or without electronic health care record (EHR) linkage in collaboration with health systems. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS People with CKD, age≥18 years, are invited through their provider, NKF communications, or national outreach campaign. People self-enroll and share their data through a secure portal that offers individualized education and support. The first health system partner is Geisinger. EXPOSURE Any cause and stage of CKD, including dialysis and kidney transplant recipients. OUTCOME Feasibility of the EHR data transfer, participants' characteristics, and their perspectives on usability and content. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Data were collected and analyzed through the registry portal powered by the Pulse Infoframe healthie 2.0 platform. RESULTS During the feasibility study, 80 participants completed their profile, and 42 completed a satisfaction survey. Mean age was 57.5 years, 51% were women, 83% were White, and 89% were non-Hispanic or Latino. Of the participants, 60% were not aware of their level of estimated glomerular filtration rate and 91% of their urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. LIMITATIONS Challenges for the Network are lack of awareness of kidney disease for many with CKD, difficulty in recruiting vulnerable populations or those with low digital readiness, and loss to follow-up, all leading to selection bias. CONCLUSIONS The Network is positioned to become a national and international platform for real-world data that can inform the development of patient-centered research, care, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | | | - Anne Barr
- Brown and Toland, Oakland, California
| | | | - Alexander R Chang
- Kidney Health Research Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Juhi Chaudhari
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Clarissa J Diamantidis
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology and Department of Population Health Science, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Barbara Gillespie
- Labcorp Drug Development, Princeton, New Jersey; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Keren Ladin
- Departments of Occupational Therapy and Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael V Rocco
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leslie A Spry
- Lincoln Nephrology & Hypertension, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Amit Sharma
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Navdeep Tangri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Hinenoya A, Wang H, Patrick EM, Zeng X, Cao L, Li XP, Lindsey RL, Gillespie B, He Q, Yamasaki S, Lin J. Longitudinal surveillance and comparative characterization of Escherichia albertii in wild raccoons in the United States. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Wang H, Zhang L, Cao L, Zeng X, Gillespie B, Lin J. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia albertii originated from the broiler farms in Mississippi and Alabama. Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109379. [PMID: 35219009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne enteropathogen with increasing outbreaks worldwide, particularly in Japan recently. However, major features of this zoonotic pathogen, such as prevalence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance (AR), still remain under characterized. In a recent pilot study, we reported isolation of E. albertii from a chicken farm in Tennessee, suggesting chicken is an important reservoir for E. albertii. In this large-scale study, we examined prevalence of E. albertii in 9 farms in Mississippi and Alabama. Of a total of 270 cloacal swabs (30 per farm), 43 were PCR positive and 12 E. albertii strains were isolated with different isolation rates in individual farms ranging from 0 to 23.3 %. Both PFGE and whole genome analysis showed the E. albertii from different farms were phylogenetically distant, but those from the same farm displayed clonal relationships. Consistently, the antibiogram, AR gene profiles, and plasmid replicon types were similar across the strains in the same farm. Notably, 9 of the 12 E. albertii strains displayed multidrug resistance; one strain was even resistant to imipenem, a clinically important carbapenem antibiotic. In addition, comparative genomics analysis showed that two chicken E. albertii clusters displayed very close evolutionary relationships and similar virulence gene profiles to human E. albertii strains. In vitro growth assay demonstrated that the anti-enterobactin antibodies could dramatically inhibit the growth of two representative chicken E. albertii, supporting the feasibility of the novel enterobactin-based immune intervention for controlling this emerging pathogen. Taken together, the findings from this study further indicated chickens as an important reservoir for E. albertii in the U.S., highlighting the need to prevent and control E. albertii in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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5
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Alfego D, Ennis J, Gillespie B, Lewis MJ, Montgomery E, Ferrè S, Vassalotti JA, Letovsky S. Chronic Kidney Disease Testing Among At-Risk Adults in the U.S. Remains Low: Real-World Evidence From a National Laboratory Database. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2025-2032. [PMID: 34353883 PMCID: PMC8740927 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An estimated 37 million Americans have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nearly 90% do not know about their condition because of low awareness about the importance of CKD testing and diagnosis among practitioners and people at risk for CKD. This study uses data from a national clinical laboratory to identify guideline-recommended CKD testing rates across the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp) testing between 2013 and 2019 were defined as at risk for CKD if they had any testing ordered with diagnosis codes for diabetes and/or hypertension. Guideline-concordant CKD assessment was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) testing within the study year. RESULTS We identified 28,295,982 at-risk patients (mean age 60.6 ± 14.8 years; 53.6% women): 16.2% had diabetes, 63.8% had hypertension, and 20.1% had both comorbidities. Of these, 80.3% did not receive guideline-concordant assessment during the study period. Furthermore, only 21.0% had uACR testing versus 89.6% with eGFR. CKD assessment occurred at least once in 28.7% of patients with diabetes, 10.5% of patients with hypertension, and 41.4% of patients with both conditions. In a state-by-state comparison, annual testing rates ranged from 5 to 30%. The nationwide rate increased modestly each year between 2013 and 2018 (from 10.7% to 15.2%). CONCLUSIONS Despite guideline recommendations, testing for CKD with uACR and eGFR in U.S. adults with diabetes and hypertension is low in routine clinical care. These data highlight the need for strategies to improve routine CKD assessment nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alfego
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC
| | - Jennifer Ennis
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, NC.,Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Covance Inc., Princeton, NJ.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A Vassalotti
- National Kidney Foundation, New York, NY.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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6
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Ishida JH, Chauhan C, Gillespie B, Gruchalla K, McCullough PA, Quella S, Romero A, Rossignol P, Wheeler DC, Malley MA, West M, Herzog CA. Understanding and Overcoming the Challenges Related to Cardiovascular Trials Involving Patients with Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1435-1444. [PMID: 33893163 PMCID: PMC8729590 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.17561120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a prevalent and prognostically important comorbidity among patients with kidney disease, and individuals with kidney disease make up a sizeable proportion (30%-60%) of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, several systematic reviews of cardiovascular trials have observed that patients with kidney disease, particularly those with advanced kidney disease, are often excluded from trial participation. Thus, currently available trial data for cardiovascular interventions in patients with kidney disease may be insufficient to make recommendations on the optimal approach for many therapies. The Kidney Health Initiative, a public-private partnership between the American Society of Nephrology and the US Food and Drug Administration, convened a multidisciplinary, international work group and hosted a stakeholder workshop intended to understand and develop strategies for overcoming the challenges with involving patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular clinical trials, with a particular focus on those with advanced disease. These efforts considered perspectives from stakeholders, including academia, industry, contract research organizations, regulatory agencies, patients, and care partners. This article outlines the key challenges and potential solutions discussed during the workshop centered on the following areas for improvement: building the business case, re-examining study design and implementation, and changing the clinical trial culture in nephrology. Regulatory and financial incentives could serve to mitigate financial concerns with involving patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular trials. Concerns that their inclusion could affect efficacy or safety results could be addressed through thoughtful approaches to study design and risk mitigation strategies. Finally, there is a need for closer collaboration between nephrologists and cardiologists and systemic change within the nephrology community such that participation of patients with kidney disease in clinical trials is prioritized. Ultimately, greater participation of patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular trials will help build the evidence base to guide optimal management of cardiovascular disease for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Ishida
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Clinical Research, Foster City, California
| | | | - Barbara Gillespie
- Covance by LabCorp, Nephrology Therapeutic Area, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Peter A McCullough
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Alain Romero
- Relypsa, Inc., a Vifor Pharma Group company, Medical Affairs, Redwood City, California
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique Pierre Drouin 1433, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical U1116, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charles A Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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7
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Hinenoya A, Li XP, Zeng X, Sahin O, Moxley RA, Logue CM, Gillespie B, Yamasaki S, Lin J. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia albertii in poultry at the pre-harvest level. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:213-225. [PMID: 33528112 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii, often misidentified as Escherichia coli, has become an emerging foodborne human enteric pathogen. However, the prevalence and major animal reservoirs of this significant pathogen are still not clear. Here, we performed comprehensive microbiological, molecular, comparative genomics and animal studies to understand the status and features of E. albertii in the US domestic and food animals. Although no E. albertii was identified in a total of 1,022 diverse E. coli strains isolated from pets and food animals in a retrospective screening, in a pilot study, E. albertii was successfully isolated from a broiler farm (6 out of 20 chickens). The chicken E. albertii isolates showed clonal relationship as indicated by both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequence analysis. The isolated chicken E. albertii displayed multidrug resistance; all the resistance determinants including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, carried by plasmids, could be conjugatively transferred to E. coli, which was further confirmed by S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization. Whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed the chicken E. albertii strains were phylogenetically close to those of human origins. Challenge experiment demonstrated that the E. albertii strains isolated from human and wild bird could successfully colonize in the chicken intestine. Together, this study, for the first time, reported the isolation of E. albertii in poultry at the pre-hrvest level. The findings from multi-tier characterization of the chicken E. albertii strains indicated the importance of chickens as a reservoir for E. albertii. A large scale of E. albertii survey in poultry production at the pre-harvest level is highly warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hinenoya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rodney A Moxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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8
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O'Lone E, Viecelli AK, Craig JC, Tong A, Sautenet B, Herrington WG, Herzog CA, Jafar TH, Jardine M, Krane V, Levin A, Malyszko J, Rocco MV, Strippoli G, Tonelli M, Wang AYM, Wanner C, Zannad F, Winkelmayer WC, Wheeler DC, Craig JC, Tong A, Manns B, Pecoits-Filho R, Harris T, Wheeler DC, Winkelmayer W, Levin A, O'Lone E, Herrington WG, Herzog CA, Rocco MV, Strippoli G, Jardine M, Kleinpeter M, Ju A, Cho Y, Gutman T, Bernier-Jean A, James L, Hamiwka L, Viecelli AK, Jardine A, Bello A, Stengel B, Schiller B, Johnson D, Bavlovlenkov E, Caskey F, Gillespie B, Block G, Phan HA, Heerspink HL, Madero M, Ruospo M, Unruh M, Laville M, Bansal N, Mark P, Blankestijn P, Roy-Chaudhury P, Perlman R, Agarwal R, Mehrotra R, Seliger S, Shafi T, Hiemstra T, Jassal V, Perkovic V, Simplice A, White D, Eilers D, Alexander H, Landry Y, Landry G, Wilkie C. Establishing Core Cardiovascular Outcome Measures for Trials in Hemodialysis: Report of an International Consensus Workshop. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:109-120. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Siebert L, Staton ME, Headrick S, Lewis M, Gillespie B, Young C, Almeida RA, Oliver SP, Pighetti GM. Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with milk leukocyte phenotypes following experimental challenge with Streptococcus uberis. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:553-562. [PMID: 29862454 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is a detrimental disease in the dairy industry that decreases milk quality and costs upwards of $2 billion annually. Often, mastitis results from bacteria entering the gland through the teat opening. Streptococcus uberis is responsible for a high percentage of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Following an intramammary experimental challenge with S. uberis on Holstein cows (n = 40), milk samples were collected and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association Laboratory. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have utilized test day SCC or SCC lactation averages to identify loci of interest. Our approach utilizes SCC collected following a S. uberis experimental challenge to generate three novel phenotypes: (1) area under the curve (AUC) of SCC for 0-7 days and (2) 0-28 days post-challenge; and (3) when SCC returned to below 200,000 cells/mL post-challenge (< 21 days, 21-28 days, or > 28 days). Polymorphisms were identified using Illumina's BovineSNP50 v2 DNA BeadChip. Associations were tested using Plink software and identified 16 significant (p < 1.0 × 10-4) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the phenotypes. Most significant SNPs were in genes linked to cell signaling, migration, and apoptosis. Several have been recognized in relation to infectious processes (ATF7, SGK1, and PACRG), but others less so (TRIO, GLRA1, CELSR2, TIAM2, CPE). Further investigation of these genes and their roles in inflammation (e.g., SCC) can provide potential targets that influence resolution of mammary gland infection. Likewise, further investigation of the identified SNP with mastitis and other disease phenotypes can provide greater insight to the potential of these SNP as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Siebert
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Margaret E Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Susan Headrick
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mark Lewis
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Charles Young
- Zoetis, 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, NJ, 07932, USA
| | - Raul A Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephen P Oliver
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,AgResearch, The University of Tennessee, 2621 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gina M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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10
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Siebert L, Headrick S, Lewis M, Gillespie B, Young C, Wojakiewicz L, Kerro-Dego O, Prado ME, Almeida R, Oliver SP, Pighetti GM. Genetic variation in CXCR1 haplotypes linked to severity of Streptococcus uberis infection in an experimental challenge model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 190:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Zeng X, Gillespie B, Lin J. Important Role of a Putative Lytic Transglycosylase Cj0843c in β-Lactam Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1292. [PMID: 26635760 PMCID: PMC4647113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics are an important class of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. Despite prevalent β-lactam resistance in Campylobacter jejuni, the leading bacterial cause of human diarrhea in developed countries, molecular mechanism of β-lactam resistance in C. jejuni is still largely unknown. In this study, C. jejuni 81–176 was used for random transposon mutagenesis. Screening of a 2,800-mutant library identified 22 mutants with increased susceptibility to ampicillin. Of these mutants, two mutants contains mutations in Cj0843c (a putative lytic transglycosylase gene) and in its upstream gene Cj0844c, respectively. Complementation experiment demonstrated that the Cj0843 contributes to β-lactam resistance. The Cj0843c insertional mutation was subsequently introduced to diverse C. jejuni clinical strains for MIC test, showing that Cj0843c contributes to both intrinsic and acquired β-lactam resistance of C. jejuni. Consistent with this finding, inactivation of Cj0843c also dramatically reduced β-lactamase activity. Genomic examination and PCR analysis showed Cj0843c is widely distributed in C. jejuni. High purity recombinant Cj0843c was produced for generation of specific antiserum. The Cj0843 was localized in the periplasm, as demonstrated by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Turbidimetric assay further demonstrated the capability of the purified Cj0843c to hydrolyze cell walls. Inactivation of Cj0843c also significantly reduced C. jejuni colonization in the intestine. Together, this study identifies a mechanism of β-lactam resistance in C. jejuni and provides insights into the role of cell wall metabolism in regulating β-lactamase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
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12
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Zeng X, Brown S, Gillespie B, Lin J. A single nucleotide in the promoter region modulates the expression of the -lactamase OXA-61 in Campylobacter jejuni. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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El Minshawy O, Ghabrah T, Hamza A, Fadl A, Adam M, El Bassuoni E, Saran R, Tilea A, Sands R, Kiser M, Han SW, Stack A, Finkelstein F, Eisele G, Kotanko P, Levin N, Gillespie B, Krane V, Bhuvanakrishna T, Burnapp L, Hilton R, Sibley-Allen C, Blake G, Goldsmith D, Taylor-Stokes G, Ozbay AB, Sayers J, Marx SE, Yanai M, Okada K, Takeuchi K, Matsuyama K, Nitta K, Takahashi S, Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Moranne O, Lutteri L, Bruyere O, Krzesinski JM, Silverwood RJ, Richards M, Pierce M, Hardy R, Sattar N, Ferro C, Savage C, Kuh D, Nitsch D, Shin JH, Kim SH, Yu SH, Oberdhan D, Krasa HB, Cheng R, Hays RD, Chapman A, Perrone R, Cole JC, Tilea A, Hedgeman E, Steffick D, Rein-Weston A, Banerjee T, Powe N, Rios-Burrows N, Williams D, Saran R, Nagasawa Y, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Hasuike Y, Kuragano T, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Nakanishi T, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Tsuruya K, Yoshida H, Fujimoto S, Asahi K, Watanabe T, Moriyama T, Warren S, Rutherford P, Van Den Bosch J, Kusztal M, Trafidlo E, Madziarska K, Augustyniak-Bartosik H, Golebiowski T, Krajewska M, Rymaszewska J, Weyde W, Klinger M, Sato Y, Fujimoto S, Konta T, Iseki K, Moriyama T, Yamagata K, Tsuruya K, Yoshida H, Asahi K, Kurahashi I, Ohashi Y, Watanabe T, Elsayed I, Khwaja A, Siddall S, Mortimer F, Ando M, Hara M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Hiwatashi A, Hagiwara M, Tsuruoka S, Usui J, Nagai K, Kai H, Morito N, Saito C, Yoh K, Hosojima M, Saito A, Yamagata K, Stack AG, Chernenko T, Abdalla AA, Saran R, Nguyen HT, Hedgeman E, Hannigan A, Casserly LF, Abd ElHafeez S, Gad Z, Sallam S, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, ElWakil H, Awad N, Sestigiani E, Tedesco D, Mandreoli M, Ubaldi G, Olmeda F, Monti M, Rucci P, Gibertoni D, Santoro A, Zaza G, Bernich P, Lupo A, Rogacev KS, Seiler S, Zawada AM, Fliser D, Heine GH, Douros A, Schaeffner E, Jakob O, Kreutz R, Ebert N, Gerasimovska Kitanovska B, Bogdanovska S, Severova Andreevska G, Gerasimovska V, Sikole A, Rakov V, Schiepe F, Rutkowski B, Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Zdrojewski L, Rutkowski M, Gaciong Z, Solnica B, Jedrzejczyk T, Krol E, Wyrzykowski B, Nacak H, van Diepen M, de Goeij MCM, Dekker FW, Suzuki K, Konta T, Kamei K, Sato H, Kudo K, Nagasawa A, Ichikawa K, Kubota I, Clavero R, Vasquez N, Tapia B, Aldunate T, Heleniak Z, Cieplinska M, Pryczkowska M, Szychlinski T, Bartosinska E, Wiatr H, Kotlowska H, Tylicki L, Rutkowski B, So B, Methven S, Hair MD, Jardine AG, MacGregor MS, Jankowski V, Schulz A, Zidek W, Jankowski J, Holmar J, Fridolin I, Uhlin F, Luman M, Fernstrom A, Rodriguez I, Ortega O, Hinostroza J, Cobo G, Gallar P, Mon C, Herrero JC, Ortiz M, Di Giogia C, Oliet A, Vigil A, Premuzic V, Vrdoljak A, Fucek M, Karanovic S, Vukovic-Lela I, Kos J, Fistrek M, Dika Z, Cvitkovic A, Juric D, Laganovic M, Rogic D, Katalinic L, Jelakovic B, Vrdoljak A, Fucek M, Premuzic V, Karanovic S, Vukovic Lela I, Kos J, Fistrek M, Cvitkovic A, Jelakovic B, Deger SM, Onec K, Derici UB, Guz G, Ozturk MA, Sindel S, Arinsoy T, Hojs N, Bevc S, Hojs R, Ekart R, Koycheva R, Cholakov V, Penev M, Andreev J, Iliev R, Macia M, Jarque A, del Castillo N, Mendez ML, Martin JA, Tevar E, Bermudez C, NasrAllah MM, Osman N, Osanlou O, Greer AB, Morgan H, Archer T, Ryan N, Khalil A, Ahmed S, Melemadathil S, Ashok AV, El-Wakil HS, Asaad SH, Nawar MM, Adam AG, Abdel-Gawad MM. Epidemiology - renal outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:i140-i154. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Griva K, Mooppil N, Pala Krishnan DS, McBain H, Newman SP, Tripepi G, Pannier B, Mallamaci F, London G, Zoccali C, Sood M, Manns B, Kappel J, Naimark D, Dart A, Komenda P, Rigatto C, Hiebert B, Tangri N, Perl J, Karaboyas A, Tentori F, Morgenstern H, Sen A, Rayner H, Vanholder R, Combe C, Hasegawa T, Mapes D, Robinson B, Pisoni R, Tentori F, Zepel L, Karaboyas A, Mendelssohn D, Ikizler T, Pisoni R, Fukuhara S, Gillespie B, Bieber B, Robinson B, Wilkie M, Karaboyas A, Rayner H, Fluck R, Morgenstern H, Li Y, Kerr P, Mendelssohn D, Wikstrom B, Tentori F, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Vanita Jassal S, Comment L, Karaboyas A, Bieber B, Morgenstern H, Sen A, De Sequera P, Marshall M, Fukuhara S, Robinson B, Pisoni R, Jin HM, Pan Y, Raimann JG, Etter M, Kooman J, Levin N, Marcelli D, Marelli C, van der Sande F, Thijssen S, Usvyat L, Kotanko P, Lu KC, Yang HY, Su SL, Palmer S, Saglimbene V, Ruospo M, Craig J, Celia E, Gelfman R, Stroumza P, Bednarek A, Dulawa J, Frazao J, Del Castillo D, Ecder T, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GFM, Hecking M, Bieber B, Ethier J, Kautzky-Willer A, Jadoul M, Saito A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Saemann M, Gillespie B, Horl W, Mariani L, Ramirez S, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Port F, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Leonardis D, Zoccali C, Fukuma S, Akizawa T, Akiba T, Saito A, Kurokawa K, Fukuhara S, Pannier B, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, London G, Stack AG, Casserly LF, Abdalla AA, Murthy BVR, Hegarty A, Cronin CJ, Hannigan A, Shaw C, Pitcher D, Sandford R, Spoto B, Pizzini P, Cutrupi S, D'Arrigo G, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Ghalia K, Gubensek J, Arnol M, Ponikvar R, Buturovic-Ponikvar J, Palmer S, de Berardis G, Craig JC, Pellegrini F, Ruospo M, Tong A, Tonelli M, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GFM, Pizzini P, Torino C, Cutrupi S, Spoto B, D'Arrigo G, Tripepi R, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, von Gersdorff G, Usvyat L, Schaller M, Wong M, Thijssen S, Marcelli D, Barth C, Kotanko P, Torino C, D'Arrigo G, Postorino M, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Chanouzas D, Ng KP, Baharani J, Endo M, Nakamura Y, Hara M, Murakami T, Tsukahara H, Watanabe Y, Matsuoka Y, Fujita K, Inoue M, Simizu T, Gotoh H, Goto Y, Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Moranne O, Krzesinski JM, Warling X, Smelten N, Pottel H, Schneider S, Malecki AK, Haller HG, Boenisch O, Kielstein JT, Movilli E, Camerini C, Gaggia P, Zubani R, Feller P, Poiatti P, Pola A, Carli O, Valzorio B, Possenti S, Bregoli L, Foini P, Cancarini G, Palmer S, Ruospo M, Natale P, Gargano L, Saglimbene V, Pellegrini F, Johnson DW, Craig JC, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GFM, Brunelli S, Krishnan M, Van Wyck D, Provenzano R, Goykhman I, Patel C, Nissenson A, De Mauri A, Conte MM, Chiarinotti D, David P, Capurro F, De Leo M, Postorino M, Marino C, Vilasi A, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, Dialysis C, Helps A, Edwards G, Mactier R, Coia J, Abe Y, Ito K, Ogahara S, Sasatomi Y, Saito T, Nakashima H, Jean-Charles C, Morgane V, Leila P, Carole S, Pierre-Louis C, Philippe Z, Jean-Francois T, Couchoud C, Dantony E, Guerrin MH, Villar E, Ecochard R, Nishi S, Goto S, Nakai K, Kono K, Yonekura Y, Ito J, Fujii H, Korkmaz S, Ersoy A, Gulten S, Ercan I, Koca N, Serdengecti K, Suleymanlar G, Altiparmak M, Seyahi N, Jager K, Trabulus S, Erek E, Cobo Jaramillo G, Gallar P, Di Gioia C, Rodriguez I, Ortega O, Herrero JC, Oliet A, Vigil A, Pechter U, Luman M, Ilmoja M, Sinimae E, Auerbach A, Lilienthal K, Kallaste M, Sepp K, Piel L, Seppet E, Muliin M, Telling K, Seppet E, Kolvald K, Veermae K, Ots-Rosenberg M, Ambrus C, Kerkovits L, Szegedi J, Benke A, Toth E, Nagy L, Borbas B, Rozinka A, Nemeth J, Varga G, Kulcsar I, Gergely L, Szakony S, Kiss I, Koo JR, Choi MJ, Yoon MH, Park JY, No EY, Seo JW, Lee YK, Noh JW. Epidemiology - CKD 5D II. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gillespie B, Zia-Amirhosseini P, Salfi M, Kakkar T, Wang J, Gupta S, Smith B, Robson R, Sullivan JT. Effect of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics of Palifermin. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 46:1460-8. [PMID: 17101745 DOI: 10.1177/0091270006292705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Palifermin (deltaN23KGF) decreases the incidence, severity, and duration of oral mucositis. The objectives of this open-label study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of single-dose palifermin in subjects with varying degrees of renal function. A single 90-mcg/kg intravenous dose of palifermin was administered to 31 subjects with varying levels of renal function (normal to requiring hemodialysis). Pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted using serum palifermin concentrations. There was considerable overlap in mean palifermin serum clearance among the groups, ranging from 318 to 495 mL/h/kg, indicating that the level of renal function did not affect clearance in humans; thus, no dose adjustment of palifermin is indicated for patients with renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gillespie
- Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, MS 38-3-A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.
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Paradis MÈ, Haine D, Gillespie B, Oliver SP, Messier S, Comeau J, Scholl DT. Bayesian estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of a multiplex real-time PCR assay and bacteriological culture for 4 common bovine intramammary pathogens. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6436-48. [PMID: 22981579 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriological culture (BC) is the traditional method for intramammary infection diagnosis but lacks sensitivity and is time consuming. Multiplex real-time PCR (mr-PCR) enables testing the presence of several bacteria and reduces diagnosis time. Our objective was to estimate bacterial species-specific sensitivity (Se) and specificity of both BC and mr-PCR tests for detecting bacteria in milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and from apparently normal quarters, using a Bayesian latent class model. Milk samples from 1,014 clinical mastitis cases and 1,495 samples from apparently normal quarters were analyzed by BC and mr-PCR. Two positive culture definitions were used: ≥1 cfu/0.01 mL and ≥10 cfu/0.01 mL of the specified bacteria. The mr-PCR was designed to simultaneously detect Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The priors used in our Bayesian model were weakly informative, with BC priors using the best available error data. Results were compared with those obtained using uniform priors for mr-PCR to test robustness. Weak and uniform priors gave about the same posterior distributions except for Strep. uberis from normal quarters and Strep. agalactiae. Multiplex real-time PCR Se on milk from clinical mastitis were lower than mr-PCR Se on milk from normal quarters. Multiplex real-time PCR Se was higher than BC on milk from normal quarters. Multiplex real-time PCR Se was generally lower than BC on milk from clinical mastitis and it varied by clinical severity. The estimate specificities of detection for all pathogens were ≥99%, regardless of sample type. The effect of milk sample preservation before testing was evaluated and may have been a factor that affected our observed results. A significant association was observed between sample age and mr-PCR results leading to reduced detection of E. coli and Strep. agalactiae in nonclinical samples. Differences in sample age between conduct of BC and of mr-PCR did not concur with any apparent differences between Se estimates of the 2 tests. Further work should be done to extend these results to other PCR-based tests for detecting bacterial species in milk samples, for which presented results could be used as prior parameter distributions. Limits of sample handling and storage and the potential existence of substances in clinical case samples that may interfere with PCR reactions also are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-È Paradis
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada, C.P. 5000, J2S 7C6.
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Coentrao L, Ribeiro C, Santos-Araujo C, Neto R, Pestana M, Kleophas W, Kleophas W, Karaboyas A, LI Y, Bommer J, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Port F, Celik G, Burcak Annagur B, Yilmaz M, Demir T, Kara F, Trigka K, Dousdampanis P, Vaitsis N, Aggelakou-Vaitsi S, Turkmen K, Guney I, Turgut F, Altintepe L, Tonbul HZ, Abdel-Rahman E, Sclauzero P, Galli G, Barbati G, Carraro M, Panzetta GO, Van Diepen M, Schroijen M, Dekkers O, Dekker F, Sikole A, Severova- Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Amitov V, Pavleska- Kuzmanovska S, Karaboyas A, Rayner H, LI Y, Vanholder R, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Port F, Hecking M, Jung B, Leung M, Huynh F, Chung T, Marchuk S, Kiaii M, Er L, Werb R, Chan-Yan C, Beaulieu M, Malindretos P, Makri P, Zagkotsis G, Koutroumbas G, Loukas G, Nikolaou E, Pavlou M, Gourgoulianni E, Paparizou M, Markou M, Syrgani E, Syrganis C, Raimann J, Usvyat LA, Bhalani V, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Huang X, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Barany P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ, Chang JH, Sung JY, Jung JY, Lee HH, Chung W, Kim S, Han JS, Kim S, Chang JH, Jung JY, Chung W, Na KY, Raimann J, Usvyat LA, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Fragoso A, Pinho A, Malho A, Silva AP, Morgado E, Leao Neves P, Joki N, Tanaka Y, Iwasaki M, Kubo S, Hayashi T, Takahashi Y, Hirahata K, Imamura Y, Hase H, Castledine C, Gilg J, Rogers C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Caskey F, Na KY, Kim S, Chung W, Jung JY, Chang JH, Lee HH, Sandhu JS, Bajwa GS, Kansal S, Sandhu J, Jayanti A, Nikam M, Ebah L, Summers A, Mitra S, Agar J, Perkins A, Simmonds R, Tjipto A, Amet S, Launay-Vacher V, Laville M, Tricotel A, Frances C, Stengel B, Gauvrit JY, Grenier N, Reinhardt G, Clement O, Janus N, Rouillon L, Choukroun G, Deray G, Bernasconi A, Waisman R, Montoya AP, Liste AA, Hermes R, Muguerza G, Heguilen R, Iliescu EL, Martina V, Rizzo MA, Magenta P, Lubatti L, Rombola G, Gallieni M, Loirat C, Loirat C, Mellerio H, Labeguerie M, Andriss B, Savoye E, Lassale M, Jacquelinet C, Alberti C, Aggarwal Y, Baharani J, Tabrizian S, Ossareh S, Zebarjadi M, Azevedo P, Travassos F, Frade I, Almeida M, Queiros J, Silva F, Cabrita A, Rodrigues R, Couchoud C, Kitty J, Benedicte S, Fergus C, Cecile C, Couchoud C, Sahar B, Emmanuel V, Christian J, Rene E, Barahimi H, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Nafar M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Sciancalepore M, Gargano L, Natale P, Vecchio MC, Saglimbene V, Pellegrini F, Gentile G, Stroumza P, Frantzen L, Leal M, Torok M, Bednarek A, Dulawa J, Celia E, Gelfman R, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Palmer S, Johnson DW, Ford PJ, Craig JC, Strippoli GF, Ruospo M, El Hayek B, Hayek B, Baamonde E, Bosch E, Ramirez JI, Perez G, Ramirez A, Toledo A, Lago MM, Garcia-Canton C, Checa MD, Canaud B, Canaud B, Lantz B, Pisoni R, Granger-Vallee A, Lertdumrongluk P, Molinari N, Ethier J, Jadoul M, Gillespie B, Port F, Bond C, Wang S, Alfieri T, Braunhofer P, Newsome B, Wang M, Bieber B, Guidinger M, Bieber B, Wang M, Zuo L, Pisoni R, Yu X, Yang X, Qian J, Chen N, Albert J, Yan Y, Ramirez S, Bernasconi A, Waisman R, Beresan M, Lapidus A, Canteli M, Heguilen R, Tong A, Palmer S, Manns B, Craig J, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Strippoli G, Mortazavi M, Vahdatpour B, Shahidi S, Ghasempour A, Taheri D, Dolatkhah S, Emami Naieni A, Ghassami M, Khan M, Abdulnabi K, Pai P, Ruospo M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Sciancalepore M, Gargano L, Vecchio M, Saglimbene V, Natale P, Pellegrini F, Gentile G, Stroumza P, Frantzen L, Leal M, Torok M, Bednarek A, Dulawa J, Celia E, Gelfman R, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Palmer S, Johnson DW, Ford PJ, Craig JC, Strippoli GF, Muqueet MA, Muqueet MA, Hasan MJ, Kashem MA, Dutta PK, Liu FX, Noe L, Quock T, Neil N, Inglese G, Qian J, Bieber B, Guidinger M, Bieber B, Chen N, Yan Y, Pisoni R, Wang M, Zuo L, Yu X, Yang X, Wang M, Albert J, Ramirez S, Ossareh S, Motamed Najjar M, Bahmani B, Shafiabadi A, Helve J, Haapio M, Groop PH, Gronhagen-Riska C, Finne P, Helve J, Haapio M, Sund R, Groop PH, Gronhagen-Riska C, Finne P, Cai M, Baweja S, Clements A, Kent A, Reilly R, Taylor N, Holt S, Mcmahon L, Usvyat LA, Carter M, Van der Sande FM, Kooman J, Raimann J, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Usvyat LA, Malhotra R, Ouellet G, Penne EL, Raimann J, Thijssen S, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Etter M, Tashman A, Guinsburg A, Grassmann A, Barth C, Marelli C, Marcelli D, Van der Sande FM, Von Gersdorff G, Bayh I, Kooman J, Scatizzi L, Lam M, Schaller M, Thijssen S, Toffelmire T, Wang Y, Sheppard P, Usvyat LA, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Neri L, Andreucci VA, Rocca-Rey LA, Bertoli SV, Brancaccio D, Tjipto A, Simmonds R, Agar J, Huang X, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Barany P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ, Vecchio M, Palmer S, De Berardis G, Craig J, Lucisano G, Johnson D, Pellegrini F, Nicolucci A, Sciancalepore M, Saglimbene V, Gargano L, Bonifati C, Ruospo M, Navaneethan SD, Montinaro V, Stroumza P, Zsom M, Torok M, Celia E, Gelfman R, Bednarek-Skublewska A, Dulawa J, Graziano G, Gentile G, Ferrari JN, Santoro A, Zucchelli A, Triolo G, Maffei S, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, De Cosmo S, Manfreda VM, Strippoli GF, Janus N, Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Janus N, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Grace B, Clayton P, Cass A, Mcdonald S, Baharani J, Furumatsu Y, Kitamura T, Fujii N, Ogata S, Nakamoto H, Iseki K, Tsubakihara Y, Chien CC, Wang JJ, Hwang JC, Wang HY, Kan WC, Kuster N, Kuster N, Patrier L, Bargnoux AS, Morena M, Dupuy AM, Badiou S, Canaud B, Cristol JP, Desmet JM, Fernandes V, Collart F, Spinogatti N, Pochet JM, Dratwa M, Goffin E, Nortier J, Zilisteanu DS, Voiculescu M, Rusu E, Achim C, Bobeica R, Balanica S, Atasie T, Florence S, Anne-Marie S, Michel L, Cyrille C, Emmanuel V, Strakosha A, Strakosha A, Pasko N, Kodra S, Thereska N, Lowney A, Lowney E, Grant R, Murphy M, Casserly L, O' Brien T, Plant WD, Radic J, Radic J, Ljutic D, Kovacic V, Radic M, Dodig-Curkovic K, Sain M, Jelicic I, Fujii N, Hamano T, Nakano C, Yonemoto S, Okuno A, Katayama M, Isaka Y, Nordio M, Limido A, Postorino M, Nichelatti M, Khil M, Dudar I, Khil V, Shifris I, Momtaz M, Soliman AR, El Lawindi MI, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Pavleska-Kuzmanovska S, Trajceska L, Nikolov I, Selim G, Gelev S, Amitov V, Sikole A, Shoji T, Kakiya R, Hayashi T, Tatsumi-Shimomura N, Tsujimoto Y, Tabata T, Shima H, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Tahara H, Koyama H, Emoto M, Ishimura E, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M. Epidemiology and outcome research in CKD 5D. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Demond A, Franzblau A, Garabrant D, Jiang X, Adriaens P, Chen Q, Gillespie B, Hao W, Hong B, Jolliet O, Lepkowski J. Human exposure from dioxins in soil. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:1296-1302. [PMID: 22136605 DOI: 10.1021/es2022363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins are a family of chemical compounds that has received considerable attention, both historically and currently. This article reviews scientific field studies that examine the relationship between living on soil contaminated with dioxins and the level of dioxins in people's serum, with an emphasis on the University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study (UMDES), the largest and most comprehensive study of its kind. These studies conclude that the levels of dioxins in serum are most strongly correlated with age, gender, body mass index, weight loss, breast feeding, and smoking. Levels of dioxins in soil are not significant predictors for dioxin concentrations in serum. The increase in serum dioxin levels that is seen with age results from historic exposure and does not represent ongoing exposure. Based on the scientific field studies conducted to date, it appears that, in the absence of the consumption of contaminated animal products, there is little evidence of ongoing exposure from contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Demond
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
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Kuo KL, Hung SC, Tarng DC, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Gelev S, Stojcev N, Dzekova P, Trajcevska L, Severova G, Pavleska S, Sikole A, Combe C, Thumma J, Gillespie B, De Sequera P, Yamamoto H, Robinson B, Matsushita Y, Tasaki H, Tohara Y, Yamauchi E, Matsuoka K, Arizono K, Bellasi A, Ferramosca E, Ratti C, Block G, Raggi P, Drozdz M, Krasniak A, Chmiel G, Podolec P, Pasowicz M, Tracz W, Kowalczyk-Michalek M, Sulowicz W, Kalantzi K, Korantzopoulos P, Bechlioulis A, Vlachopanou A, Foulidis V, Pagiati E, Nikolopoulos P, Gouva C, Arroyave I, Rodelo J, Cardona M, Garcia A, Henao J, Mejia G, Rico J, Arbelaez M, Fujimori A, Okada S, Yamamoto K, Okamoto S, Kamiura N, Sakai M, Tanikake M, Kutlay S, Sengul S, Keven K, Nergizoglu G, Erturk S, Ates K, Duman N, Karatan O, Erbay B, Sameiro-Faria M, Costa E, Rocha-Pereira P, Borges A, Nascimento H, Mendonca D, Amado L, Reis F, Miranda V, Quintanilha A, Belo L, Santos-Silva A, Oh JS, Kim SM, Sin YH, Kim JK, Ishihara M, Otsubo S, Kimata N, Akiba T, Nitta K, Kim KM, Baek CH, Kim SB, Testa A, Sanguedolce MC, Spoto B, Mallamaci F, Malatino L, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, Lee JE, Moon SJ, Kim JK, An HR, Ha SK, Pakr HC, Bahlmann FH, Becker E, Sperber V, Triem S, Noll C, Zewinger S, Fliser D, Laufs U, Thijssen S, Usvyat LA, Raimann JG, Balter P, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Hornum M, Bay JT, Clausen P, Melchior Hansen J, Mathiesen ER, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Garred P, Sural S, Panja CS, Bhattacharya SK, Cernaro V, Lacquaniti A, Lorenzano G, Romeo A, Donato V, Buemi M, Raimann JG, Usvyat L, Thijssen S, Rogus J, Lacson E, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Robinson BM, Karaboyas A, Sen A, Hecking M, Mendelssohn D, Jadoul M, Kawanishi H, Saran R, Kolarz M, Undas A, Wyroslak J, Malyszko J, Klejna K, Naumnik B, Koc-Zurawska E, Mysliwiec M, Piecha G, Kuczera P, Adamczak M, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY, Wiecek A, Gungor O, Kircelli F, Asci G, Carrero JJ, Tatar E, Demirci M, Toz H, Ozkahya M, Ok E, Bansal V, Shareain K, Hoppensteadt D, Litinas E, Fareed J, Kim MJ, Lee SW, Song JH, Kweon J, Kim WH, Sasaki K, Yasuda K, Hatanaka M, Hayashi T, Katsipi I, Tatsiopoulos A, Papanikolaou P, Doulgerakis C, Kollia K, Kardouli E, Asmanis E, Gennadiou M, Kyriazis J, Panizo S, Barrio-Vazquez S, Carrillo-Lopez N, Fernandez-Vazquez A, Braga S, Rodriguez-Rebollar A, Naves-Diaz M, Cannata-Andia JB, Nikodimopoulou M, Liakos S, Kapoulas S. Cardiovascular complications in CKD 5D (1). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Robinson B, Zhang J, Thumma J, Gillespie B, Combe C, Fukuhara S, Harambat J, Morgenstern H, Port F, Pisoni R, Collier T, Steenkamp R, Tomson C, Caskey F, Ansell D, Roderick P, Nitsch D, Chanouzas D, Ng KP, Fallouh B, Baharani J, Righetti M, Ferrario G, Serbelloni P, Milani S, Lisi L, Tommasi A, Okuno S, Ishimura E, Yamakawa K, Tsuboniwa N, Norimine K, Kagitani S, Shoji S, Yamakawa T, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M, de Jager DJ, Halbesma N, Krediet RT, Boeschoten EW, le Cessie S, Dekker FW, Grootendorst DC, Miranda AC, Bento D, Madeira J, Cruz J, Saglimbene VM, De berardis G, Pellegrini F, Johnson DW, Craig JC, Hegbrant JBA, Strippoli GFM, Tzanno C, Nisihara F, Stein G, Clesco P, Uezima C, Martins JP, Esposito P, Di Benedetto A, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Marcelli D, Dal Canton A, Capurro F, De Mauri A, David P, Navino C, Chiarinotti D, De Leo M, De Leo M, Sato Y, Sato M, Johtoku Y, Appunu K, Baharani J, Kara B, Severova- Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Amitov V, Sikole A, Lomidze M, Rtskhiladze I, Metreveli D, Bartel J, Abramishvili N, Zangurashvili L, Barnova M, Buachidze K, Jashiashvili N, Kankia N, Khitarishvili T, Dzagania T, Tschokhonelidze I, Sarishvili N, Shamanadze A, Amet S, Launay-Vacher V, Stengel B, Castot A, Frances C, Gauvrit JY, Grenier N, Reinhardt G, Clement O, Kreft-Jais C, Janus N, Choukroun G, Laville M, Deray G, Szlanka B, Borbas B, Joseph J, Somers F, Vanga SR, Alscher MD, Rutherford P, De Mauri A, Conte M, Capurro F, David P, De Maria M, Navino C, De Leo M, De Mauri A, Conte M, Capurro F, David P, Chiarinotti D, Navino C, De Leo M, Kan WC, Chien CC, Wang HY, Hwang JC, Wang CJ, Castledine C, Gilg J, Rogers C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Yoav C, Dattolo P, Amidone M, Antognoli G, Michelassi S, Sisca S, Pizzarelli F, Kimber A, Tomson C, Maggs C, Steenkamp R, Smith H, Madziarska K, Weyde W, Kopec W, Penar J, Krajewska M, Klak R, Zukowska Szczechowska E, Gosek K, Golebiowski T, Strempska B, Kusztal M, Klinger M, Ito M, Masakane I, Ito S, Nagasawa J, Liao SC, Lee IN, Cheng CT, Halle MP, Hertig A, Kengue AP, Ashuntantang G, Rondeau E, Ridel C, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Gelev S, Stojcev N, Dzekova P, Trajcevska L, Severova G, Pavleska S, Sikole A, Paunovic K, Dimitrijevic Z, Paunovic G, Ljubenovic S, Djordjevic V, Stojanovic M, Mitsopoulos E, Tsiatsiou M, Ginikopoulou E, Minasidis I, Kousoula V, Tsikeloudi M, Manou E, Tsakiris D, Ortalda V, Yabarek T, Aslam N, Tomei P, Messa M, Lupo A, Ito S, Masakane I, Kudo K, Ito M, Nagasawa J, Osthus TBH, Amro A, Preljevic V, Leivestad T, Dammen T, Os I, Panocchia N, Di Stasio E, Liberatori M, Tazza L, Bossola M, Wilson R, Smyth M, Copley JB, Hanafusa N, Yamagata K, Nishi H, Nishi S, Iseki K, Tsubakihara Y, Fusaro M, Tripepi G, Crepaldi G, Maggi S, D'Angelo A, Naso A, Plebani M, Vajente N, Giannini S, Calo L, Miozzo D, Cristofaro R, Gallieni M, Hung PH, Shen CH, Hsiao CY, Chiang PC, Hung KY. Epidemiology & outcome in CKD 5D (2). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Paller CJ, Ye X, Wozniak P, Gillespie B, Sieber P, Greengold R, Stockton B, Hertzman B, Efros M, Roper R, Liker H, Carducci MA. A phase II study of pomegranate extract for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following primary therapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tebbi C, Costanzi J, Shulman R, Dreisbach L, Jacobs B, Blaney M, Ashby M, Gillespie B, Begelman S. Abstract No. 146: Tenecteplase for restoration of function in dysfunctional central venous catheters: TROPICS 2. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tumlin J, Goldman J, Spiegel D, Roer D, Ntoso K, Blaney M, Jacobs J, Gillespie B, Begelman S. Abstract No. 152: A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tenecteplase for improvement of hemodialysis catheter function: TROPICS 3. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Demond A, Adriaens P, Towey T, Chang SC, Hong B, Chen Q, Chang CW, Franzblau A, Garabrant D, Gillespie B, Hedgeman E, Knutson K, Lee CY, Lepkowski J, Olson K, Ward B, Zwica L, Luksemburg W, Maier M. Statistical comparison of residential soil concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs from two communities in Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:5441-5448. [PMID: 18754458 DOI: 10.1021/es702554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The University of Michigan dioxin exposure study was undertaken to address concerns that the industrial discharge of dioxin-like compounds in the Midland, MI area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and downwind of the incinerator. The study was designed in a rigorously statistical manner comprising soil measurements of 29 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 766 residential properties, selected probabilistically, in the Midland area and in Jackson and Calhoun Counties (Michigan) as a background comparison. A statistical comparison determined that the geometric mean toxic equivalent (TEQ) levels in samples from the target populations were statistically significantly above background. In addition, the probabilities of being above the 75th and 95th percentiles of background were also greater. Congener contributions to the TEQ were dominated by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in the floodplain and by 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the incinerator plume. However, PCB 126 was the top congener contributing to the background TEQ. On the basis of statistical inference to the total population, it was estimated that about 36% of the properties in the floodplain and incinerator plume have at least one soil sample over the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality's soil direct contact criterion of 90 pg/g TEQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Demond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Inrig JK, Oddone EZ, Hasselblad V, Gillespie B, Patel UD, Reddan D, Toto R, Himmelfarb J, Winchester JF, Stivelman J, Lindsay RM, Szczech LA. Association of intradialytic blood pressure changes with hospitalization and mortality rates in prevalent ESRD patients. Kidney Int 2007; 71:454-61. [PMID: 17213873 PMCID: PMC3149815 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients is complex and incompletely understood. This study sought to assess the relationship between blood pressure changes with hemodialysis and clinical outcomes during a 6-month period. This study is a secondary analysis of the Crit-Line Intradialytic Monitoring Benefit Study, a randomized trial of 443 hemodialysis subjects, designed to determine whether blood volume monitoring reduced hospitalization. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between BP changes with hemodialysis (Deltasystolic blood pressure=postdialysis-predialysis systoic BP (SBP) and the primary outcome of non-access-related hospitalization and death. Subjects whose systolic blood pressure fell with dialysis were younger, took fewer blood pressure medications, had higher serum creatinine, and higher dry weights. After controlling for baseline characteristics, lab variables, and treatment group, subjects whose SBP remained unchanged with hemodialysis (N=150, DeltaSBP -10 to 10 mm Hg) or whose SBP rose with hemodialysis (N=58, DeltaSBP > or =10 mm Hg) had a higher odds of hospitalization or death compared to subjects whose SBP fell with hemodialysis (N=230, DeltaSBP < or =-10 mm Hg) (odds ratio: 1.85, confidence interval: 1.15-2.98; and odds ratio: 2.17, confidence interval: 1.13-4.15). Subjects whose systolic blood pressure fell with hemodialysis had a significantly decreased risk of hospitalization or death at 6 months, suggesting that hemodynamic responses to dialysis are associated with short-term outcomes among a group of prevalent hemodialysis subjects. Further research should attempt to elucidate the mechanisms behind these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Inrig
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
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Manning S, Howard L, Gillespie B, Tallman P, Borchardt S, Marrs C, Foxman B. Group B Streptococcus acquisition among college students living in a single dormitory. Ann Epidemiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schiller AM, Wunder J, Gillespie B, Watkins BA, Warber SL. A PILOT COHORT STUDY OF EPHEDRA-BASED HERBAL WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS ON OVERWEIGHT WOMEN. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200305001-01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manning SD, Tallman P, Marrs CF, Baker CJ, Gillespie B, Pearlman MD, Foxman B. #89-S predictors of group b Streptococcus Colonization in healthy, young men and women. Ann Epidemiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ai AL, Peterson C, Gillespie B, Bolling SF, Jessup MG, Behling BA, Pierce F. Designing clinical trials on energy healing: ancient art encounters medical science. Altern Ther Health Med 2001; 7:83-90. [PMID: 11452571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Demand for energy healing is growing rapidly in the United States. Until recently, however, few clinical trials have been conducted to investigate its clinical efficacy, risks, and cost-effectiveness. This article discusses principles underlying the research design of clinical trials on energy healing, based on the experience of an interdisciplinary team conducting a large-sample clinical study on qigong funded by the National Institutes of Health. The first part overviews the background and contemporary practice of qigong therapy. The second addresses some difficulties and unique issues to be considered in designing a clinical trial on energy healing. These issues include research emphasis on outcome versus mechanism, randomization, control, expectations/placebo effects, staff and practitioner bias/conflict of interest, patients' belief, selection bias, intent-to-treat analysis, ethics, informed consent, sample size, and outcome report. The ultimate goal is to promote more scholarly and clinical discussion on the evaluation of energy healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ai
- University of Michigan's Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Center for Cadiovascular Diseases, Ann Arbor, Mich, USA
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Foxman B, Somsel P, Tallman P, Gillespie B, Raz R, Colodner R, Kandula D, Sobel JD. Urinary tract infection among women aged 40 to 65: behavioral and sexual risk factors. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54:710-8. [PMID: 11438412 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study to explore the role of health behavior and sexual and medical history on urinary tract infection (UTI) risk among otherwise healthy women aged 40-65. Cases and controls were recruited from nine practices and clinics in Michigan and a single clinic in Israel. In both countries, several factors were reported significantly more frequently among UTI cases than controls: a previous UTI within 12 months, incontinence symptoms, a recent episode of 30-plus minutes of cold hands, feet, back or buttocks, and recent antibiotic use. Cases were less likely than controls to report recent estrogen use, but the results were only statistically significant in Michigan. Sexual activity during the previous 2 weeks and having ceased menses were modestly, but not statistically significantly, protective at both study sites. Risk factors for UTI among women 40-65 differ from those for younger women and these differences cannot be attributed solely to changes in menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Paciocco G, Martinez FJ, Bossone E, Pielsticker E, Gillespie B, Rubenfire M. Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2001; 17:647-52. [PMID: 11401059 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.01.17406470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are no reliable predictors of mortality in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). This study assessed whether exercise oxygen desaturation and distance achieved during a six-minute walk are associated with mortality in moderately symptomatic patients with PPH. Thirty-four patients with PPH underwent a pretreatment six-minute walk test, and an invasive haemodynamic assessment of pulmonary vasodilator reserve, to select the best treatment option (epoprostenol in 27 and nifedipine in 7). Median follow-up was 26 months (12 months for the nonsurvivors was 26%), and median survival, >46 months by Kaplan-Maier estimate. The mean+/-SD distance walked was 275+/-155 m and reduction in arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) at maximal distance (deltaSa,O2) was 8.4+/-4.5%). A distance < or =300 m increased mortality risk by 2.4, and a deltaSa,O2 of > or = 10% increased mortality risk by 2.9. Only Sa,O2 at peak distance, deltaSa,O2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were related to mortality. After adjusting for PVR, there remained a 27% increase in risk of death for each per cent decrease in Sa,O2. The six-minute walk distance and exercise oxygen saturation may be helpful in selecting patients with primary pulmonary hypertension for whom transplant listing is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paciocco
- Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Bossone E, Avelar E, Bach DS, Gillespie B, Rubenfire M, Armstrong WF. Diagnostic value of resting tricuspid regurgitation velocity and right ventricular ejection flow parameters for the detection of exercise induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Card Imaging 2000; 16:429-36. [PMID: 11482708 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010604913656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our objectives were to evaluate resting tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) and right ventricular outflow tract velocity curve (RVOTvc) profiles as markers for development of exercise induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (ExPHT). ExPHT is an elusive cause of dyspnea and fatigue. When present, Doppler echocardiography can detect and quantify elevated pulmonary pressure. However, the characteristics and diagnostic value of resting TRV and RVOTvc indices in patients with ExPHT have not been fully addressed. The study population consisted of 52 subjects (mean age 40.5 +/- 10.9, range 22-68 years) and was divided into three subsets as follows: 1. Patients (n = 22) with overt pulmonary hypertension (PHT), 2. Patients (n = 8) with ExPHT, 3. Healthy, asymptomatic volunteers (n = 22). RVOTvc indices included: Mean and peak velocity, systolic velocity time integral (VTI); velocity time integral at peak velocity (VTImax), acceleration time; ejection time. TRV was used as an index of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. There were significant differences between normals and ExPHT for TRV, acceleration time, VTI(Vmax). TRV and VTImax were predictive of EXPHT in a logistic regression model. CONCLUSION (1) Patients with ExPHT have distinct Doppler velocity patterns suggesting the presence of a compromised pulmonary vascular bed even with normal pulmonary pressure at rest. (2) TRV and RVOTvc indices have potential diagnostic value in the early detection of ExPHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bossone
- Department of Echocardiographic Research, San Donato Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children receiving child care outside the home are at greater risk of upper respiratory infection, but whether parents of those children are also at increased risk is undocumented. We describe the incidence of 2 or more respiratory symptoms in the previous 2 weeks among 185 mothers of children 3 years of age or younger by child care use. METHODS Mothers in Michigan and Nebraska were interviewed by phone regarding respiratory symptoms, use of outside child care (for an index child), sleeping habits, and demographic information. RESULTS Nearly one half (46.5%) reported 2 or more symptoms during the past 2 weeks; 15.1% had contacted a health care provider and 13.0% spent 1 or more days in bed because of their symptoms, which lasted an average of 5.5 days. Prevalence of symptoms was invariant to sociodemographic characteristics. Mothers using outside child care (74.6%) were twice as likely as those without outside care to have been ill in the past 2 weeks (odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12,4.54). Most mothers (69.2%) reported having their sleep interrupted by their children at least once in the last 2 weeks or sharing a bed with a child part or all of the night (61.1%); 25.4% slept 6 hours or less nightly. Women reporting that they rarely or never felt rested (26. 5%) were 2.65 times more likely to be ill (95% CI: 1.26,5.55), compared with those reporting that they frequently or always felt rested (46.5%), after adjusting for any outside child care. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should focus on risk factors that can be modified to reduce illness among both children and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H d'Arcy
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the annual incidence, cumulative probability of presumed urinary tract infection (UTI) by age, and the social costs. METHODS Analysis of a random digit dialing survey of 2000 women in the United States. RESULTS 10.8 percent (95% CI: 9.4, 12.1%) of women aged 18 and older reported at least one presumed UTI during the past 12 months, with the majority of the cases occurring among women with a history of two or more UTI episodes in their life. We estimate that by age 24, one-third of women will have at least one physician-diagnosed UTI that was treated with prescription medication. Overall, an estimated 11.3 million women in the United States had at least one presumed UTI treated with antibiotics in 1995. We estimate the annual cost of UTI cases with prescriptions to be $1.6 billion in 1995. If the costs occurring after 1995 are discounted at 5% annually, the total cost over 20 years has a present value of $25.5 billion. CONCLUSION If a vaccine were developed that would prevent either initial or recurrent UTI the net benefits to society would be substantial, even at a developmental cost of one billion dollars.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Feigal RJ, Musherure P, Gillespie B, Levy-Polack M, Quelhas I, Hebling J. Improved sealant retention with bonding agents: a clinical study of two-bottle and single-bottle systems. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1850-6. [PMID: 11145354 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vitro work and a short clinical study suggest that adding a bonding agent layer between sealant and saliva-contaminated enamel allows for adequate bond strength and retention of resin sealants and may improve success of all sealant applications. This five-year clinical study scored 617 occlusal and 441 buccal/lingual molar sealants, with use of a split-mouth design, with half receiving sealant alone and half bonding agent plus sealant. Treatment effects and potential risk factors for sealant failure were tested by means of a Cox regression model. Three bonding agent groups were analyzed for treatment effect: Tenure primer, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, and 3 single-bottle dentin bonding agents as a third group. The single-bottle group was successful in reducing risk of sealant failure, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.53 (p = 0.014) for occlusal and 0.35 (p = 0.006) for buccal/lingual sealants. Scotchbond was detrimental to occlusal sealant success, with a HR of 2.96 (p = 0.0003). Tenure primer was neutral, showing HRs close to 1.0. Variables that affected success differed between occlusal and buccal/lingual sealants, suggesting that failures on these two surfaces may be dependent upon differing factors. Early eruption stage was a significant risk factor for both surfaces (HR = 2.91, p = 0.00001, occlusal; and HR = 1.52, p = 0.015, buccal/lingual). Behavior (HR = 1.96, p = 0.0007), salivary problems (HR = 1.73, p = 0.002), and visually apparent variations in enamel (HR = 1.51, p = 0.018) were significant risk factors for occlusal sealants only. In addition to completing detailed analyses of risk factors for sealant survival, this study shows that single-bottle bonding agents protect sealant survival, yielding half the usual risk of failure for occlusal sealants and one-third the risk of failure for buccal/lingual sealants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Feigal
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
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Abstract
Theory suggests that the otherwise rapid folding of simple heteropolymer models becomes "glassy"-dominated by multiple kinetically trapped misfolded states-at low temperatures or when the overall bias toward the native state is reduced relative to the depth of local minima. Experimental observations of nonsingle-exponential protein-folding kinetics have been taken as evidence that the protein-folding free energy landscape is similarly rough. No equivalent analysis, however, has been reported for a simple single-domain protein lacking prolines, disulfide bonds, prosthetic groups, or other gross structural features that might complicate folding. In an effort to characterize the glassiness of a folding free energy landscape in the absence of these potentially complicating factors, we have monitored the folding of a kinetically simple protein, peptostreptococcal protein L (protein L). We observe no statistically significant deviation from homogeneous single-exponential relaxation kinetics across temperatures ranging from near the protein's melting temperature to as low as -15 degrees C. On the basis of these observations, we estimate that, if there is a glass transition in the folding of protein L, it occurs at least 45 degrees C and possibly more than 145 degrees C below the freezing point of water. Apparently the folding free energy landscape of protein L is extremely smooth, which may be indicative of a rate-limiting step in folding that is, effectively, a nonglassy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gillespie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Foxman B, Gillespie B, Koopman J, Zhang L, Palin K, Tallman P, Marsh JV, Spear S, Sobel JD, Marty MJ, Marrs CF. Risk factors for second urinary tract infection among college women. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:1194-205. [PMID: 10905532 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the etiology of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), the authors followed a cohort of 285 female college students with first UTI for 6 months or until second UTI. A first UTI due to Escherichia coli was followed by a second UTI three times more often than was a non-E. coli first UTI (24 vs. 8%; p = 0.02). In a logistic regression analysis limited to the 224 women from the University of Michigan Health Service and the University of Texas at Austin Health Service from September 1992 to December 1994, with a first UTI due to E. coli, vaginal intercourse increased the risk of a second UTI with both a different (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 2.15) and the same (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.07) uropathogen, as did using a diaphragm, cervical cap, and/or spermicide (same uropathogen: OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.47; different uropathogen: OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.58). Condom use decreased the risk of a second UTI caused by a different uropathogen (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.99) but had no effect on a second UTI caused by the same E. coli (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.50). Type or duration of treatment was not associated with a second UTI. Although the risk of second UTI is strongly influenced by sexual behavior, women with a first UTI caused by E. coli are more likely than are those with a non-E. coli first UTI to have a second UTI within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA.
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38
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to formulate fetal and birth weight references for twins from longitudinal data. STUDY DESIGN This historic cohort study was based on 1831 pregnancies of twins born alive at >/=28 weeks' gestation from Baltimore, Maryland; Miami, Florida; Charleston, South Carolina; and Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESULTS When we compared singletons and twins, the percentiles of twins fell substantially below the 10th percentile of singletons by 28 weeks' gestation, below the 50th percentile by 30 weeks' gestation, and below the 90th percentile by 34 weeks' gestation. The difference at the 50th percentile was 147 g (10%) at 30 weeks' gestation, 242 g (14%) at 32 weeks' gestation, 347 g (17%) at 34 weeks' gestation, 450 g (19%) at 36 weeks' gestation, 579 g (22%) at 38 weeks' gestation, and 772 g (27%) at 40 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION This new reference demonstrates that, although the overall pattern of fetal growth is slower for twins versus singletons from about 30 weeks' gestation, well-grown twins and singletons do not differ as much as previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Min
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0264, USA
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39
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Incidence of Candida vaginitis by age and racial or ethnic group is poorly described. GOAL Estimate incidence, cumulative probability of presumed C vaginitis by age, racial or ethnic group, and associated costs. STUDY DESIGN Random digit-dialing survey of 2000 US women. RESULTS A total of 6.5 percent (95% CI, 5.4-7.5%) of women older than 18 years reported a least one episode of presumed C vaginitis during the previous 2 months. Women reporting a 1-year period with four or more episodes comprised 8.0% of the sample but accounted for 37.2% of women reporting episodes. Black women reported approximately three times more yeast infections in the previous 2 months (17.4%; 95% CI, 11.2-23.5%) than white women (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.7-6.9%). CONCLUSION The high incidence and the propensity for recurrence underscore the need for a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis, and stress the need for the development of more accurate, rapid diagnostics and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA.
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40
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Abstract
We have used native state exchange to examine the energy landscape of the well-characterized protein T4 lysozyme. Although the protein exhibits two-state behavior by traditional probes, the energy landscape determined here is much more complex. The average stability of the C-terminal subdomain is significantly higher than that for the N-terminus suggesting at least two regions of unfolding. At a more detailed level, there appears to be a broad continuum of stabilities throughout each region. The overall subdomain hierarchy of energies does not mirror data on the folding pathway for this protein, challenging the relationship between energy landscapes and folding trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Llinás
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 229 Stanley Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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41
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Davit B, Reynolds K, Yuan R, Ajayi F, Conner D, Fadiran E, Gillespie B, Sahajwalla C, Huang SM, Lesko LJ. FDA evaluations using in vitro metabolism to predict and interpret in vivo metabolic drug-drug interactions: impact on labeling. J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 39:899-910. [PMID: 10471980 DOI: 10.1177/00912709922008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in in vitro metabolism methods have led to an improved ability to predict clinically relevant metabolic drug-drug interactions. To address the relationships of in vitro metabolism data and in vivo metabolism outcomes, the Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, evaluated a number of recently approved new drug applications. The goal of these evaluations was to determine the contribution of in vitro metabolism data in (1) predicting in vivo drug-drug interactions, (2) determining the need to conduct an in vivo drug-drug interaction study, and (3) incorporating findings into drug product labeling. Ten cases are presented in this article. They fall into two major groups: (1) in vitro data were predictive of in vivo results, and (2) in vitro data were not predictive of in vivo results. Discussion of these cases highlights factors limiting predictability of in vivo metabolic interactions from in vitro metabolism data. The integration of these findings into drug product labeling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Davit
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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42
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Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is the most studied model system for signaling by the widely spread family of two-component regulatory systems. It is controlled by changes in the phosphorylation level of the chemotactic response regulator, CheY, mediated by a histidine kinase (CheA) and a specific phosphatase (CheZ). While it is known that CheA activity is regulated, via the receptors, by chemotactic stimuli, the input that may regulate CheY dephosphorylation by CheZ has not been found. We measured, by using stopped-flow fluorometry, the kinetics of CheZ-mediated dephosphorylation of CheY. The onset of dephosphorylation was delayed by approximately 50 ms after mixing phosphorylated CheY (CheY approximately P) with CheZ, and a distinct overshoot was observed in the approach to the new steady state of CheY approximately P. The delay and overshoot were not observed in a hyperactive mutant CheZ protein (CheZ54RC) that does not support chemotaxis in vivo and appears to be constitutively active. CheZ activity was cooperative with respect to CheY approximately P, with a Hill-coefficient of 2.5. The observed delayed modulation of CheZ activity and its cooperativity suggest that the phosphatase activity is regulated at the level of CheY approximately P-CheZ interaction. This novel kind of interplay between a response regulator and its phosphatase may be involved in signal tuning and in adaptation to chemotactic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blat
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Luke B, Min SJ, Gillespie B, Avni M, Witter FR, Newman RB, Mauldin JG, Salman FA, O'Sullivan MJ. The importance of early weight gain in the intrauterine growth and birth weight of twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:1155-61. [PMID: 9822493 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was our objective to evaluate the association between early maternal weight gain (before 20 weeks), midpregnancy weight gain (20-28 weeks), and late pregnancy weight gain (28 weeks to birth) with fetal growth and birth weight in twins. STUDY DESIGN This historic cohort study was based on 1564 births of live twins >/=28 weeks' gestation from Baltimore, Maryland, Miami, Florida, Charleston, South Carolina, and Ann Arbor, Michigan. RESULTS Early fetal growth was affected only by smoking and chorionicity. Factors in models of both mid and late fetal growth included maternal age, pregravid weight, parity, rates of early pregnancy and midpregnancy maternal weight gain, smoking, and pre-eclampsia. Increased midpregnancy fetal growth was associated with early maternal weight gain (10.91 g/wk per pound per week) and midpregnancy maternal weight gain (15.89 g/wk per pound per week). Increased late fetal growth was associated with early maternal weight gain (16.86 g/wk per pound per week) and midpregnancy maternal weight gain (23.88 g/wk per pound per week). Increased birth weight was associated with early (283.02 g per pound per week), mid (163.58 g per pound per week), and late (69.76 g per pound per week) maternal weight gains. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the importance of early maternal weight gain in twin fetal growth and birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Luke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Foxman B, Marsh JV, Gillespie B, Sobel JD. Frequency and response to vaginal symptoms among white and African American women: results of a random digit dialing survey. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 1998; 7:1167-74. [PMID: 9861594 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of vaginal symptoms and response to those symptoms in a nonclinic setting has not been previously described. Two thousand women living throughout the United States identified by random digit dialing completed a computer-assisted telephone interview about history of vaginal symptoms and use of healthcare services in response to these symptoms. The analysis was limited to 1698 white (WA) and 144 African American (AA) women (n = 1842). An episode of vaginal symptoms of any severity during 1995 was reported by 7.5% of WA women and 18.1% of AA women. Fifty-five percent of WA women and 83% of AA women with symptoms consulted a healthcare professional about their most recent episode. The racial difference in prevalence and consultation was not explained by marital status, education, employment, or lifetime number of sex partners. Most women purchased an over-the-counter antifungal preparation to treat their symptoms, whether or not a physician was consulted. The racial differences in prevalence and use of health services in response to vaginal symptoms observed here should be confirmed, and the potential causes should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
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Foxman B, Marsh J, Gillespie B, Rubin N, Koopman J, Spear S. Condom Use and First-Time Urinary Tract Infection. J Urol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J. Marsh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B. Gillespie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - N. Rubin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J.S. Koopman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - S. Spear
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Lewin Group, San Francisco, California and University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Vashi AR, Wojno KJ, Gillespie B, Oesterling JE. A model for the number of cores per prostate biopsy based on patient age and prostate gland volume. J Urol 1998; 159:920-4. [PMID: 9474183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The systematic sextant biopsy is currently the gold standard for the tissue diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, it is unknown whether this 6 core approach provides optimal sampling of all prostate glands in men of all ages. The goal of the current study was to determine the appropriate number of cores per prostate biopsy based on patient age and prostate gland volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient age and tumor volume doubling time were used to calculate life threatening, clinically significant tumor volumes at diagnosis for 5-year intervals of patient age. A mathematical model was created to determine the minimum number of cores necessary to identify these life threatening tumor volumes in prostate glands 10 to 80 cm.3 without detecting clinically insignificant cancers. RESULTS Younger men and men with larger prostate glands require more than 6 cores to ensure the diagnosis of life threatening prostate cancer. These prostates are currently under sampled by sextant biopsy. In a select group of older men who require fewer than 6 cores sextant biopsy may over sample these prostates and lead to over treatment. CONCLUSIONS The standard sextant biopsy provides optimal sampling of only a minority of prostate glands. An approach to prostate biopsy based on patient age and prostate gland volume maximizes the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vashi
- Section of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48019, USA
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47
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate the association between maternal weight gain and twin birth weight. STUDY DESIGN This historic cohort study was based on 646 live-born twin births of > or = 28 weeks from Baltimore, Maryland, Miami, Florida, and Ann Arbor, Michigan. The sum of twin-pair birth weight was modeled as a function of either net maternal weight at delivery or rates of maternal weight gain with use of multiple regression. RESULTS Birth weight was significantly associated with weight gain before 20 weeks in underweight women, before 20 weeks and after 28 weeks in overweight women, and during all three gestational periods in normal-weight women. Weight gain before 20 weeks had the largest effect on infants of underweight women, less of an effect on infants of normal-weight women, and half as much effect on infants of overweight women. Weight gain after 28 weeks significantly affected the infant birth weights of normal-weight and overweight women, but the effect was half as great among infants of the latter group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that weight gain during critical periods of gestation significantly influences twin birth weight; these critical periods vary by maternal pregravid weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Luke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0264, USA
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48
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Abstract
We evaluated the effects of condom use, lubricated condom use, and spermicide use on risk of acquiring first urinary tract infection in a case-control study of sexually active college women ages 18-39 years. Cases (N = 144) were women with first urinary tract infection that was confirmed by culture recruited at the student health service; controls (N = 286) were women without a history of urinary tract infection who were randomly sampled from all women enrolled at the university. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding type and frequency of condom use during the previous 2 weeks. Condoms and spermicides usually were used in combination with each other or oral contraceptives. After adjusting for frequency of vaginal intercourse, using unlubricated condoms compared with using no birth control method strongly increased the risk of first urinary tract infection (odds ratio = 29.1; 95% confidence interval = 3.1-1,335). Using a lubricated condom (with or without spermicide in the lubricant) or a spermicidal cream or gel with an unlubricated condom was associated with two- to eightfold risk of first urinary tract infection. Unlubricated condom use was strongly associated with risk of first urinary tract infection, but this effect was largely neutralized by using a spermicidal cream or gel with the unlubricated condom or by using a lubricated condom.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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49
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Luke B, Gillespie B, Min SJ, Witter FR, O'Sullivan MJ. Critical periods of maternal weight gain: Effect on twin birthweight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(97)80526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Foxman B, Zhang L, Tallman P, Palin K, Rode C, Bloch C, Gillespie B, Marrs CF. Virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli causing first urinary tract infection predict risk of second infection. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1536-41. [PMID: 7594713 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/172.6.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli causes most urinary tract infections (UTIs) in ambulatory populations. Several bacterial virulence factors occur more frequently among urinary E. coli isolates than among fecal isolates, but none have been reported to predict risk of second UTIs. DNA hybridization was used to characterize the bacterial virulence profiles of urinary E. coli isolates from 174 women with first UTI and compared for risk of second UTI. Of the women, 28 (16%) had a culture-confirmed second UTI within 6 months of a negative test-of-cure. Three virulence factors were associated with a significantly lower risk of second UTI: cytotoxic necrotizing factor (relative risk [RR] = 0.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0, 0.42); hemolysin (RR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.69), and S fimbrial adhesin (RR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.06, 1.00). Dr binding was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of second UTI (RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.23, 4.29). Half of all paired first and second UTI isolates from the same subject were apparently the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (School of Public Health), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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