1
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Araño KG, Armstrong BL, Boeding E, Yang G, Meyer HM, Wang E, Korkosz R, Browning KL, Malkowski T, Key B, Veith GM. Functionalized Silicon Particles for Enhanced Half- and Full-Cell Cycling of Si-Based Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:10554-10569. [PMID: 36791306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene carbonate (VC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been investigated as functional agents that mimic the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry of silicon (Si). VC and PEO are known to contribute to the stability of Si-based lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte additive and as a SEI component, respectively. In this work, covalent surface functionalization was achieved via a facile route, which involves ball-milling the Si particles with sacrificial VC and PEO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy indicate that the additives are strongly bound to Si. In particular, MAS NMR shows Si-R or Si-O-R groups, which confirm functionalization of the Si after milling in VC or PEO. Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering reveals that the additives facilitate particle size reduction and that the functionalized particles result in more stable dispersions based on zeta potential measurements. Raman mapping of the electrodes fabricated from the VC and PEO-coated active material with a polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder reveals a more homogenous distribution of Si and the carbon conductive additive compared to the electrodes prepared from the neat Si. Furthermore, the VC-milled Si strikingly exhibited the highest capacity in both half- and full-cell configurations, with more than 200 mAh g-1 measured capacity compared to the neat Si in the half-cell format. This is linked to an improved electrode processing based on the Raman and zeta potential measurements as well as a thinner SEI (with more organic components for the functionalized Si relative to the neat Si) based on XPS analysis of the cycled electrodes. The effect of binder was also investigated by comparing PAA with P84 (polyimide type), where an increased capacity is observed in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn G Araño
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ethan Boeding
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Harry M Meyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Evelyna Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rachel Korkosz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Katie L Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas Malkowski
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Baris Key
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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2
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Korkosz RJ, Tyler JL, McAuliffe RD, Heroux L, Doucet M, Hoelzer DT, Kanbargi N, Naskar AK, Veith GM. Understanding the Solution Dynamics and Binding of a PVDF Binder with Silicon, Graphite, and NMC Materials and the Influence on Cycling Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23322-23331. [PMID: 35575682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the binding, solution structure, and solution dynamics of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with silicon on its performance as compared to traditional graphite and Li1.05Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC) electrode materials was explored. Through refractive index (RI) measurements, the concentration of the binder adsorbed on the surface of electrode materials during electrode processing was determined to be less than half of the potentially available material resulting in excessive free binder in solution. Using ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), it was found that PVDF forms a conformal coating over the entirety of the silicon particle. This is in direct contrast to graphite-PVDF and NMC-PVDF slurries, where PVDF only covers part of the graphite surface, and the PVDF chains make a network-like graphite-PVDF structure. Conversely, a thick layer of PVDF covers NMC particles, but the coating is porous, allowing for ion and electronic transport. The homogeneous coating of silicon breaks up percolation pathways, resulting in poor cycling performance of silicon materials as widely reported. These results indicate that the Si-PVDF interactions could be modified from a binder to a dispersant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Burdette-Trofimov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Rachel J Korkosz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - J Landon Tyler
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Rebecca D McAuliffe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Luke Heroux
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - David T Hoelzer
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Nihal Kanbargi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Amit K Naskar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 United States
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3
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Heroux L, Doucet M, Sacci RL, Veith GM. Structure and dynamics of small polyimide oligomers with silicon as a function of aging. Soft Matter 2021; 17:7729-7742. [PMID: 34342318 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00961c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of UV curing and shearing on the structure and behavior of a polyimide (PI) binder as it disperses silicon particles in a battery electrode slurry was investigated. PI dispersant effectiveness increases with UV curing time, which controls the overall binder molecular weight. The shear force during electrode casting causes higher molecular weight PI to agglomerate, resulting in battery anodes with poorly dispersed Si particles that do not cycle well. It is hypothesized that when PI binder is added above a critical amount, it conformally coats the silicon particles and greatly impedes Li ion transport. There is an "interzonal region" for binder loading where it disperses silicon well and provides a coverage that facilitates Li transport through the anode material and into the silicon particles. These results have implications in ensuring reproducible electrode manufacturing and increasing cell performance by optimizing the PI structure and coordination with the silicon precursor.
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4
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Sacci RL, McAuliffe RD, Malkowski TF, Kidder N, Chen XC, Huq A, Kirkham M, Armstrong BL, Daemen LL, Veith GM. La 2Zr 2O 7 Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Al-Doped Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Garnet. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10012-10021. [PMID: 34143616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we modified the reaction pathway to quickly (minutes) incorporate lithium and stabilize the ionic conducting garnet phase by decoupling the formation of a La-Zr-O network from the addition of lithium. To do this, we synthesized La2Zr2O7 (LZO) nanoparticles to which LiNO3 was added. This method is a departure from typical solid-state synthesis methods that require high-energy milling to promote mixing and intimate particle-particle contact and from sol-gel syntheses as a unique porous microstructure is obtained. We show that the reaction time is limited by the rate of nitrate decomposition and that this method produces a porous high-Li-ion-conducting cubic phase, within an hour, that may be used as a starting structure for a composite electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rebecca D McAuliffe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas F Malkowski
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nathan Kidder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - X Chelsea Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ashfia Huq
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Melanie Kirkham
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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5
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Murphy RP, Heroux L, Doucet M, Trask SE, Rogers AM, Veith GM. Role of Low Molecular Weight Polymers on the Dynamics of Silicon Anodes During Casting. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1049-1058. [PMID: 33848038 PMCID: PMC10476694 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work probes the slurry architecture of a high silicon content electrode slurry with and without low molecular weight polymeric dispersants as a function of shear rate to mimic electrode casting conditions for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and lithium neutralized poly(acrylic acid) (LiPAA) based electrodes. Rheology coupled ultra-small angle neutron scattering (rheo-USANS) was used to examine the aggregation and agglomeration behavior of each slurry as well as the overall shape of the aggregates. The addition of dispersant has opposing effects on slurries made with PAA or LiPAA binder. With a dispersant, there are fewer aggregates and agglomerates in the PAA based silicon slurries, while LiPAA based silicon slurries become orders of magnitude more aggregated and agglomerated at all shear rates. The reorganization of the PAA and LiPAA binder in the presence of dispersant leads to a more homogeneous slurry and a more heterogeneous slurry, respectively. This reorganization ripples through to the cast electrode architecture and is reflected in the electrochemical cycling of these electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Burdette-Trofimov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Luke Heroux
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Science & Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexander M Rogers
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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6
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Liu W, Zheng B, Yin X, Yu X, Zhang Y, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Armstrong BL, Veith GM, Bhatia SR. XPCS Microrheology and Rheology of Sterically Stabilized Nanoparticle Dispersions in Aprotic Solvents. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:14267-14274. [PMID: 33724788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) microrheology and conventional bulk rheology were performed on silica nanoparticle dispersions associated with battery electrolyte applications to probe the properties of these specific complex materials and to explore the utility of XPCS microrheology in characterizing nanoparticle dispersions. Sterically stabilized shear-thickening electrolytes were synthesized by grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) chains onto silica nanoparticles. Coated silica dispersions containing 5-30 wt % nanoparticles dispersed in propylene carbonate were studied. In general, both XPCS microrheology and conventional rheology showed that coated silica dispersions were more viscous at higher concentrations, as expected. The complex viscosity of coated silica dispersions showed shear-thinning behavior over the frequency range probed by XPCS measurements. However, measurements using conventional mechanical rheometry yielded a shear viscosity with weak shear-thickening behavior for dispersions with the highest concentration of 30% particles. Our results indicate that there is a critical concentration needed for shear-thickening behavior, as well as appropriate particle size and surface polymer chain length, for this class of nanoparticle-based electrolytes. The results of this study can provide insights for comparing XPCS microrheology and bulk rheology for related complex fluids and whether XPCS microrheology can capture expected macroscopic rheological properties by probing small-scale particle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Bingqian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xuechen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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7
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Murphy RP, Heroux L, Doucet M, Rogers A, Veith GM. Probing clustering dynamics between silicon and PAA or LiPAA slurries under processing conditions. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2021; 3:2447-2460. [PMID: 37719714 PMCID: PMC10502875 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the complex interplay between slurry aggregation, agglomeration, and conformation (i.e. shape) of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and lithiated poly(acrylic acid) (LiPAA) based silicon slurries as a function of shear rate, and the resulting slurry homogeneity. These values were measured by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology coupled ultra-small angle neutron scattering (rheo-USANS) at conditions relevant to battery electrode casting. Different binder solution preparation methods, either a ball mill (BM) process or a planetary centrifugal mixing (PCM) process, dramatically modify the resulting polymer dynamics and organization around a silicon material. This is due to the different energy profiles of mixing where the more violent and higher energy PCM causes extensive breakdown and reformation of the binder, which is now likely in a branched conformation, while the lower energy BM results in simply lower molecular weight linear polymers. The break down and reorganization of the polymer structure affects silicon slurry homogeneity, which affects subsequent electrode architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology
| | - Luke Heroux
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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8
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Nelson Weker J, Rogers AM, Yang G, Self EC, Armstrong RR, Nanda J, Veith GM. Direct Measure of Electrode Spatial Heterogeneity: Influence of Processing Conditions on Anode Architecture and Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55954-55970. [PMID: 33263996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the spatial (in)homogeneity of aqueous processed silicon electrodes using standard poly(acrylic acid)-based binders and slurry preparation conditions is demonstrated. X-ray nanotomography shows segregation of materials into submicron-thick layers depending on the mixing method and starting binder molecular weights. Using a dispersant, or in situ production of dispersant from the cleavage of the binder into smaller molecular weight species, increases the resulting lateral homogeneity while drastically decreasing the vertical homogeneity as a result of sedimentation and separation due to gravitational forces. This data explains some of the variability in the literature with respect to silicon electrode performance and demonstrates two potential ways to improve slurry-based electrode fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Burdette-Trofimov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Johanna Nelson Weker
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander M Rogers
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ethan C Self
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ryan R Armstrong
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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9
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Phillip ND, Armstrong BL, Daniel C, Veith GM. Role of Surface Acidity in the Surface Stabilization of the High-Voltage Cathode LiNi 0.6Mn 0.2Co 0.2O 2. ACS Omega 2020; 5:14968-14975. [PMID: 32637770 PMCID: PMC7330911 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide coatings have been reported to be an effective approach for stabilizing cathode interfaces, but the associated chemistry is unclear. In this work, thin films of TiO2, ZnO, and Cr2O3, which have different surface acidities/basicities, were used to modify the surface chemistry of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 and study the acidity's role in the cathode/electrolyte interphase composition and impedance under high-voltage cycling (4.5 V vs Li/Li+). Cathodes with more acidic surfaces provided higher initial specific capacity and capacity retention with cycling. More basic surfaces had higher initial impedance and greater impedance growth with cycling. These differences appeared to depend on the degree of LiPF6 salt decomposition at the interface, which was related to acidity, with more neutral surfaces having a LiF/Li x PO y F z ratio close to unity, but basic surfaces had substantially more LiF. This chemistry was more significant than the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) thickness as the more acidic surfaces formed a thicker CEI than the basic surface, resulting in better capacity retention. These results suggest that the Brønsted acidity of cathodes directly influences electrolyte degradation, ion transport, and thus, cell lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Phillip
- The
Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Beth L. Armstrong
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Claus Daniel
- The
Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Energy
and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gabriel M. Veith
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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Kumara C, Leonard DN, Meyer HM, Luo H, Armstrong BL, Qu J. Palladium Nanoparticle-Enabled Ultrathick Tribofilm with Unique Composition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:31804-31812. [PMID: 30141901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a consensus that savings of 1.0-1.4% of a country's gross domestic product may be achieved through lubrication R&D. Recent studies have shown great potential for using surface-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) as lubricant additives to enhance lubricating performance. NPs were reported with ability of producing a low-friction antiwear tribofilm, usually 20-200 nm in thickness, on the contact surface. In contrast, this study reports an unexpected 10 times thicker (2-3 μm) tribofilm formed by dodecanethiol-modified palladium NPs (core size: 2-4 nm) in boundary lubrication of a steel-cast iron contact. Adding 0.5-1.0 wt % such NPs to a lubricating oil resulted in significant reductions in friction and wear by up to 40 and 97%, respectively. Further investigation suggested that the PdNP core primarily was responsible for the improvement in both friction and wear, whereas the thiolate ligand only contributed to the wear protection but had little impact on the friction behavior. In addition, unlike most previously reported tribofilms that contain a substantial amount of metal oxides, this PdNP-induced tribofilm is clearly dominated by Pd/S compounds, as revealed by nanostructural examination and chemical analysis. Such a ultrathick tribofilm with unique composition is believed to be responsible for the superior lubricating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanaka Kumara
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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11
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Moon JW, Eskelsen JR, Ivanov IN, Jacobs CB, Jang GG, Kidder MK, Joshi PC, Armstrong BL, Pierce EM, Oremland RS, Phelps TJ, Graham DE. Improved ZnS nanoparticle properties through sequential NanoFermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8329-8339. [PMID: 30078139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sequential NanoFermentation (SNF) is a novel process which entails sparging microbially produced gas containing H2S from a primary reactor through a concentrated metal-acetate solution contained in a secondary reactor, thereby precipitating metallic sulfide nanoparticles (e.g., ZnS, CuS, or SnS). SNF holds an advantage over single reactor nanoparticle synthesis strategies, because it avoids exposing the microorganisms to high concentrations of toxic metal and sulfide ions. Also, by segregating the nanoparticle products from biological materials, SNF avoids coating nanoparticles with bioproducts that alter their desired properties. Herein, we report the properties of ZnS nanoparticles formed from SNF as compared with ones produced directly in a primary reactor (i.e., conventional NanoFermentation, or "CNF"), commercially available ZnS, and ZnS chemically synthesized by bubbling H2S gas through a Zn-acetate solution. The ZnS nanoparticles produced by SNF provided improved optical properties due to their smaller crystallite size, smaller overall particle sizes, reduced biotic surface coatings, and reduced structural defects. SNF still maintained the advantages of NanoFermentation technology over chemical synthesis including scalability, reproducibility, and lower hazardous waste burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Moon
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. .,National Minerals Information Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 20192, USA.
| | | | - Ilia N Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Gyoung Gug Jang
- Energy & Transportation Science Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Pooran C Joshi
- Material Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Material Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Eric M Pierce
- Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Tommy J Phelps
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David E Graham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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12
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Shen BH, Armstrong BL, Doucet M, Heroux L, Browning JF, Agamalian M, Tenhaeff WE, Veith GM. Shear Thickening Electrolyte Built from Sterically Stabilized Colloidal Particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:9424-9434. [PMID: 29499109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to prepare shear thickening electrolytes consisting of silica nanoparticles in conventional liquid electrolytes with limited flocculation. These electrolytes rapidly and reversibly stiffen to solidlike behaviors in the presence of external shear or high impact, which is promising for improved lithium ion battery safety, especially in electric vehicles. However, in initial chemistries the silica nanoparticles aggregate and/or sediment in solution over time. Here, we demonstrate steric stabilization of silica colloids in conventional liquid electrolyte via surface-tethered PMMA brushes, synthesized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The PMMA increases the magnitude of the shear thickening response, compared to the uncoated particles, from 0.311 to 2.25 Pa s. Ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering revealed a reduction in aggregation of PMMA-coated silica nanoparticles compared to bare silica nanoparticles in solution under shear and at rest, suggesting good stabilization. Conductivity tests of shear thickening electrolytes (30 wt % solids in electrolyte) at rest were performed with interdigitated electrodes positioned near the meniscus of electrolytes over the course of 24 h to track supernatant formation. Conductivity of electrolytes with bare silica increased from 10.1 to 11.6 mS cm-1 over 24 h due to flocculation. In contrast, conductivity of electrolytes with PMMA-coated silica remained stable at 6.1 mS cm-1 over the same time period, suggesting good colloid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wyatt E Tenhaeff
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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Moon JW, Phelps TJ, Fitzgerald Jr CL, Lind RF, Elkins JG, Jang GG, Joshi PC, Kidder M, Armstrong BL, Watkins TR, Ivanov IN, Graham DE. Manufacturing demonstration of microbially mediated zinc sulfide nanoparticles in pilot-plant scale reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7921-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Naguib M, Unocic RR, Armstrong BL, Nanda J. Large-scale delamination of multi-layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides “MXenes”. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9353-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale delamination of MXenes was achieved by using a simple aqueous organic base treatment followed by agitation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Naguib
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Raymond R. Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Beth L. Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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Moon JW, Ivanov IN, Joshi PC, Armstrong BL, Wang W, Jung H, Rondinone AJ, Jellison GE, Meyer HM, Jang GG, Meisner RA, Duty CE, Phelps TJ. Scalable production of microbially mediated zinc sulfide nanoparticles and application to functional thin films. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4474-83. [PMID: 24932768 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of semiconducting zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were scalably, reproducibly, controllably and economically synthesized with anaerobic metal-reducing Thermoanaerobacter species. These bacteria reduced partially oxidized sulfur sources to sulfides that extracellularly and thermodynamically incorporated with zinc ions to produce sparingly soluble ZnS nanoparticles with ∼5nm crystallites at yields of ∼5gl(-1)month(-1). A predominant sphalerite formation was facilitated by rapid precipitation kinetics, a low cation/anion ratio and a higher zinc concentration compared to background to produce a naturally occurring hexagonal form at the low temperature, and/or water adsorption in aqueous conditions. The sphalerite ZnS nanoparticles exhibited narrow size distribution, high emission intensity and few native defects. Scale-up and emission tunability using copper doping were confirmed spectroscopically. Surface characterization was determined using Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, which confirmed amino acid as proteins and bacterial fermentation end products not only maintaining a nano-dimensional average crystallite size, but also increasing aggregation. The application of ZnS nanoparticle ink to a functional thin film was successfully tested for potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Moon
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Ilia N Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Pooran C Joshi
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Environmental Science Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hyunsung Jung
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Adam J Rondinone
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald E Jellison
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Harry M Meyer
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gyoung Gug Jang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Roberta A Meisner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chad E Duty
- Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Tommy J Phelps
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Li J, Armstrong BL, Kiggans J, Daniel C, Wood DL. Optimization of LiFePO4 nanoparticle suspensions with polyethyleneimine for aqueous processing. Langmuir 2012; 28:3783-3790. [PMID: 22292836 DOI: 10.1021/la205157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Addition of dispersants to aqueous based lithium-ion battery electrode formulations containing LiFePO(4) is critical to obtaining a stable suspension. The resulting colloidal suspensions enable dramatically improved coating deposition when processing electrodes. This research examines the colloidal chemistry modifications based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) addition and dispersion characterization required to produce high quality electrode formulations and coatings for LiFePO(4) active cathode material. The isoelectric point, a key parameter in characterizing colloidal dispersion stability, of LiFePO(4) and super P C45 were determined to be pH = 4.3 and 3.4, respectively. PEI, a cationic surfactant, was found to be an effective dispersant. It is demonstrated that 1.0 wt % and 0.5 wt % PEI were required to stabilize the LiFePO(4) and super P C45 suspension, respectively. LiFePO(4) cathode suspensions with 1.5 wt % PEI demonstrated the best dispersibility of all components, as evidenced by viscosity and agglomerate size of the suspensions and elemental distribution within dry cathodes. The addition of PEI significantly improved the LiFePO(4) performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6083, USA.
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Segmuller BE, Armstrong BL, Dunphy R, Oyler AR. Identification of autoxidation and photodegradation products of ethynylestradiol by on-line HPLC-NMR and HPLC-S. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:927-37. [PMID: 11022917 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HPLC-NMR, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-UV were used to characterize the predominant solution autoxidation and photodegradation products of ethynylestradiol (1). A hydroperoxide (2) and a series of isomeric dimeric oxidation products (3-7), were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Segmuller
- The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA
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Burinsky DJ, Armstrong BL, Oyler AR, Dunphy R. Characterization of tepoxalin and its related compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:159-64. [PMID: 8683441 DOI: 10.1021/js9503035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used to identify and elucidate key structural characteristics of a novel dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, tepoxalin (3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyrazolyl]-N-hydroxy- N-methylpropanamide), its synthesis-related byproducts in bulk drug substance, and degradation products stemming from probe stability studies. Such information is needed to assist in synthesis optimization and in the preparation of stable formulations for toxicity studies and clinical trials. High-performance liquid chromatography, in conjunction with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and UV photodiode array detection, can often expedite the gathering of preliminary data that contribute to several aspects of the pharmaceutical development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Burinsky
- R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08869-0602, USA
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Abstract
Williams syndrome is characterized by cardiac defects, varying degrees of physical and developmental delay, stellate eye pattern, possible elevated serum calcium level, and elfin/pixie facial features. A problem perhaps unique to these children is hyperacusis that can be severe enough to disrupt many routine daily activities. Parental questionnaires were used to determine the prevalence of hyperacusis and otitis media in individuals with Williams syndrome. Prevalences of 95% for hyperacusis and 61% for otitis media were found. This was significantly higher than in the general population. Despite the prevalence of hyperacusis, parents of these children were not counseled about management of the problem. The audiologist may become involved with Williams syndrome patients through hearing assessment and management, parental counseling, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Klein
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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Abstract
By the use of pintail (Pt) and brown (b) as markers, the location of Mup-a, a locus controlling electrophoretic variation of one of the components of the major urinary protein (MUP) complex, on mouse linkage group VIII has been determined. The order and intervals determined from recombination frequencies in 121 offspring from a back-cross were Pt 4·1 b 6·6 Mup-a.
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