The efficacy of preoperative diffusion tensor tractography on surgical planning and outcomes in patients with intramedullary spinal tumor

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of spinal cord on surgical planning and postoperative neurological outcomes in patients with spinal intramedullary tumors.

METHODS

The study was conducted retrospectively from the radiological and clinical data of our hospital database. Patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors who underwent diffusion tensor imaging for spinal cord lesions were selected between 2019 and 2022. Demographic characteristics and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring data were evaluated. The McCormick scale was used to grade the pre- and postoperative neurological status of the patients. The tumoral lesions were categorized into 3 types according to the fiber course on DTT.

RESULTS

Eleven patients were found to have radiological findings that were compatible with intramedullary tumor; eight (72.7%) of them ultimately underwent surgery following being approved as surgical candidates in the spinal diffusion tensor imaging studies. Six cases had Type 1, one case had Type 2, and 4 cases had Type 3 tumors according to the fiber course. All Type 1 tumors were classified as resectable and all of them were gross totally resected. Type 2 lesion that was rated as resectable by DTI was subtotally resected. Type 3 lesions were followed without surgery except the one with tumoral progression and neurological deficit. The postoperative neurological outcomes were compatible with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring results.

CONCLUSION

Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography may be beneficial regarding the selection of patients suitable for surgery and in the subsequent surgical planning.

Phenotypic and Molecular Spectrum of a Turkish Cohort with Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas

OBJECTIVE

Hereditary multiple osteochondromas is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in EXT1 or EXT2. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and molecular findings of a Turkish cohort with hereditary multiple osteochondroma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty-two patients aged 1.3-49.6 years from 22 families were enrolled. Genetic analyses were made by EXT1 and/or EXT2 sequencing and chromosomal microarray analyses.

RESULTS

We found 17 intragenic pathogenic variants in EXT1 (13/17) and EXT2 (4/17), 12 of which are novel. Four probands had EXT1 deletions, including 2 patients with partial EXT1 microdeletions involving exons 2-11 and 5-11, and 2 patients with whole-gene deletions. In 21 variants, the frequency of truncating and missense variants was 76.1% and 23.8%, respectively. Two families had no detectable variants in EXT1 and EXT2. All patients had multiple osteochondromas at the long bones, mainly at the tibia, forearm, femur, and humerus. Bowing deformity of the forearms (9/32) and the lower extremities (2/32), and scoliosis (6/32) were observed. The clinical severity was not different between patients with EXT1 or EXT2 variants. One patient with an EXT2 variant and another with an EXT1 microdeletion had the most severe phenotype with class III disease. Four patients with no EXT1 or EXT2 variants had milder phenotypes. Intrafamilial variability in disease severity was not observed.

CONCLUSION

We report a hereditary multiple osteochondroma cohort with clinical and molecular data including 12 novel intragenic variants in EXT1 or EXT2, and 4 microdeletions involving EXT1. Taken together, our data expand the existing knowledge of the phenotype-genotype spectrum in hereditary multiple osteochondroma.

A case report of Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome in a patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma: An underestimated cause of encephalopathy in cancer patients

INTRODUCTION

Wernicke's encephalopathy, a disorder caused by thiamin deficiency, is characterized by a classical triad of encephalopathy, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Although alcoholism is the most common predisposing factor, it can also be associated with nonalcoholic states (hyperemesis gravidarum, intestinal obstruction, bariatric surgery, and others). This work presents a case of nonalcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome diagnosed in a cholangiocellular carcinoma patient and literature review.

CASE REPORT

A 65-year-old male patient with a history of cholangiocellular carcinoma (Klatskin tumor) was treated with radiotherapy at the operation site after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. During follow-up, the patient developed gastric outlet obstruction and was diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis after a palliative gastrojejunostomy. As the patient could not tolerate oral nutrition during hospitalization, total parenteral nutrition was administered. After 10 days of admission, the patient showed decreased response to verbal stimuli as well as bilateral horizontal nystagmus, lethargy, and disorientation. Furthermore, the patient displayed confabulation. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Therefore, treatment with intravenous thiamin replacement was initiated. The patient's encephalopathy regressed on the second day after treatment, and he recovered the place-person-time orientation. In the following month, the abnormal imaging findings were almost entirely resolved.

CONCLUSION

In order to prevent irreversible brain damage induced by chronic thiamin deficiency, thiamin replacement therapy with parenteral nutrition solutions should be included as a treatment for hospitalized cancer patients unable to receive enteral nutrition for a long time.

P-683 High Serum Progesterone Levels on Day of Embryo Transfer for Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Artificial Frozen-thawed Blastocyst Transfer; Is There a Ceiling Effect?

Study question

Is there a ceiling effect of high serum progesterone levels on day of embryo transfer for pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing artificial frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer?

Summary answer

There is no ceiling effect of high serum progesterone levels on day of embryo transfer(>40 ng/mL)for pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing artificial frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer.

What is known already

In recent studies, 10 ng/mL was usually used as the lower threshold value for serum progesterone (P4) level on the day of embryo transfer in patients undergoing artificial frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers and pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients with P4 levels above and below this threshold. The main reason for choosing this threshold in the studies is that it reflects the healthy corpus luteum function. Although many studies have investigated the lower threshold value, there is paucity of data on the high threshold value that can indicate the possible ceiling effect of P4 in the literature.

Study design, size, duration

This was a retrospective cohort study including 595 patients undergoing artificial frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer between 2017 to 2021. In order to eliminate the age-related bias, only patients performed euploid embryo transfer according to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy from patients above aged 35 years were included.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

When we evaluated the percentiles of according to the progesterone levels,40.6 ng/ml corresponded to 90th percentile and 23.9 ng/ml corresponded to 50th percentile. Based on this finding, rounding up the numbers, we determined the progesterone levels cut-off as < 20ng/mL,n=220(37.0%);20-40ng/mL,n=312(52.4%) and ≥40ng/mL,n=63(10.6%). The main outcome measure was pregnancy outcomes as clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. We compared pregnancy outcomes according to age, BMI, blastocyst expansion, trophectoderm and inner cell mass grade and progesterone cut-off levels .

Main results and the role of chance

The median age of the patients was 31 (Range 20-46) and the mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 24.5±4.0 kg/m2. The overall clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were 61.8% (368/595) and 52.9% (315/595), respectively. Patients were subdivided into two different groups according to clinical pregnancy and live birth rate outcomes as follows; positive and negative. Age and BMI of patients were comparable between groups.

Blastocyst morphology grade as expansion, trophectoderm and inner cell mass grade are statistically significantly associated with clinical pregnancy (p<.001 for all) and progesterone level between 20-40ng/mL is associated with higher clinical pregnancy rate (p:0.043). In multivariate analysis; only blastocyst expansion and inner cell mass grade were the independently and significantly factors that are associated with clinical pregnancy rate (p:0.011, OR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.13-2.39 and p:0.007, OR: 1.65, CI95%: 1.14-2.39, respectively). Progesterone level and trophectoderm grade were not fount statistically significant (p: 0.310 and p:0.489, respectively).

In evaluation of the association between factors and live birth rate, only blastocyst expansion grade equal or over 4 and trophectoderm grade A or B were associated with statistically significant live birth rates.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The main limitations of current study were the retrospective design and the limited sample size of the ≥40 ng/mL cohort of serum progesterone levels.

Wider implications of the findings

According to this data, we speculated that if the serum P4 level is above 40 ng/mL on the day of embryo transfer in patients undergoing artificial frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, there is no need to reduce the dose of progesterone used.

Trial registration number

N/A

Innovative transdermal delivery of insulin using gelatin methacrylate-based microneedle patches in mice and mini-pigs

Painless and controlled on-demand drug delivery is the ultimate goal for the management of various chronic diseases, including diabetes. To achieve this purpose, microneedle patches are gaining increased attention. While degradable microneedle (MN) arrays are widely employed, the use of non-dissolving MN patches remains a challenge to overcome. In this study, we demonstrate that crosslinking gelatin methacrylate with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) is potent for engineering non-dissolving MN arrays. Incorporation of MoS₂ nanosheets as a photothermal component into MN hydrogels results in MNs featuring on-demand release properties. An optimized MoS₂-MN array patch formed using a hydrogel solution containing 500 μg mL^-1 of MoS₂ and photochemically crosslinked for 5 min shows required mechanical behavior under a normal compressive load to penetrate the stratum corneum of mice or pig skin and allows the delivery of macromolecular therapeutics such as insulin upon swelling. Using ex vivo and in vivo models, we show that the MoS₂-MN patches can be used for loading and releasing insulin for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, transdermal administration of insulin loaded into MoS₂-MN patches reduces blood glucose levels in C57BL/6 mice and mini-pigs comparably to subcutaneously injected insulin. We believe that this on-demand delivery system might alter the current insulin therapies and might be a potential approach for delivery of other proteins.

Photothermal Activatable Mucoadhesive Fiber Mats for On-Demand Delivery of Insulin via Buccal and Corneal Mucosa

Electrospun fiber mats loaded with therapeutics have gained considerable attention as a versatile tool in the biomedical field. While these bandages are largely based on fast-dissolving polymers to release the cargo, stimuli-responsive fiber mats have the advantages of providing a timely and spatially controlled drug delivery platform, which can be refilled and reused several times. These benefits make electrospun fiber patches original platforms for painless and convenient on-demand hormone release. Because of the high need of more convenient and non-invasive methods for delivering insulin, a hormone that is currently used to treat hundred million people with diabetes worldwide, we have investigated the tremendous potential of reduced graphene oxide modified poly(acrylic acid) based fiber mats as an original platform for buccal and corneal insulin delivery on-demand. The PAA@rGO hydrogel-like fibers rendered water-insoluble by incorporating β-cyclodextrin, followed by thermal cross-linking, which showed adequate tensile strength along with high adsorption capacity of insulin at pH 7 and good recyclability. The fiber mats maintained good fibrous morphology and high loading efficiency even after five loading-release cycles. The mucoadhesive nature of the fibers allowed their application for insulin delivery via the eye cornea and the buccal mouth lining, as evidenced in ex vivo studies. Insulin loaded PAA@rGO hydrogel-like fibers showed an insulin flux via buccal lining of pigs of 16.6 ± 2.9 μg cm^-2 h^-1 and 24.3 ± 3.1 μg cm^-2 h^-1 for porcine cornea. Testing on healthy adult volunteers confirmed the excellent, mucoadhesive nature of the bandage, with three out of six volunteers feeling completely comfortable (note 8.3) while wearing the patches in the buccal cavity.

Specific early signs and long-term follow-up findings of Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia (PPRD) in the Turkish cohort

OBJECTIVES

Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is a spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia caused by biallelic variants in CCN6. This study aimed to describe the early signs and follow-up findings in forty-four Turkish PPRD patients.

METHODS

The patients with progressive stiffness of multiple joints, characteristic wide metaphysis of interphalangeal (IP) joints, and platyspondyly were clinically diagnosed with PPRD. Fifteen patients who had first symptoms under 3 years of age were grouped as early-onset, while others were grouped as classical. CCN6 sequencing was performed in 43 patients.

RESULTS

Thirteen pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified, five were novel. c.156C>A(p.Cys52*) variant was found in 53.3% of the families. The initial symptom in the early-onset group was genu varum deformity, while it was widening of IP joints in the classical group. The median age of onset of symptoms and of diagnosis was 4 and 9.7 years, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The median age of onset of IP, elbow, knee, and hip stiffness, which became progressive with growth was 5, 9, 9, and 12.2 years, respectively. Waddling gait occurred in 97.7% of the patients. 47.7% lost independent walking ability at the median age of 12 years. In the early-onset group, waddling gait occurred earlier than in classical group (p< 0.001). Two patients had atypical presentation with late-onset and mild or lack of IP involvement.

CONCLUSION

We observed that genu varum deformity before the age of 3 years was an early sign for PPRD and almost half of the patients lost walking ability at the median age of 12 years.

Efficacy of pulse steroid therapy in patients critically ill with COVID-19

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of pulse steroid therapy administered to patients critically ill with COVID-19 progressing into severe pneumonia.

METHODS

A total of 600 patients included in this retrospective study were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group): 200 patients who did not receive steroid treatment, Group 2: 200 patients who received dexamethasone 1x8 milligram (mg) or methylprednisolone 1x80 mg, Group 3: (pulse steroid therapy group): 200 patients who received 1 g methylprednisolone followed by 1x80 mg methylprednisolone. Demographic and laboratory data were recorded.

RESULTS

Mortality rates in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 77 %, 53.55 %, and 58.5 %, respectively. The ratios of intubated patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 70 %, 45.5 % and 56 %, respectively. The numbers of patients whose D‑dimer values were above 2,250 ng/mL (cut-off value for D-dimer in this study) in groups 2, 1 and 3 were 65, 107, and 105, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Pulse steroid therapy does not shorten the duration of hospital stay, does not reduce the need for intubation and increases the risk of thrombosis by significantly increasing the level of D-dimer among patients critically and severely ill with COVID-19 (Tab. 4, Fig. 3, Ref. 20) Keywords: COVID-19, pulse steroid therapy, thrombosis, d-dimer, corticosteroid.

P–411 Does subcutaneous progesterone (SC-P) administration eliminate the necessity of serum progesterone level monitoring in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles?

Study question

Does SC-P provide similar ongoing pregnancy rates (OPRs) as intramuscular progesterone(IM-P) in hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-FET cycles and do serum progesterone (P) levels on FET day effect on pregnancy outcome? Summary answer: SC-P administration had similar OPR compared to IM-P in HRT-FET cycles. In SC-P group embryo transfer(ET) day P found to be insignificant factor for outcome.

What is known already

Different P routes can be used in HRT-FET cycles such as vaginal P, IM-P and recently SC-P. Only retrospective studies evaluated the comparison of SC-P with other routes in HRT-FET cycles. Here, we assessed prospectively whether SC-P is effective for HRT-FET cycles. Previous studies reported that serum P levels on ET day after vaginal P administration clinical outcomes were closely correlated. The correlation between serum P after IM-P administration and clinical outcomes were conflicting. In addition, there is lack of data on the serum P levels after SC-P administration. Serum P levels on ET day were evaluated in this study.

Study design, size, duration

This prospective cohort study was performed between July 1-October 31 2020, enrolled 224 patients scheduled for HRT-FET cycles with SC-P(25 mg twice daily) or IM-P(50 mg once daily). The route of P was decided according to the patient’s eligibility to hospital. First FET cycle was included after freeze-all cycles for each patients. Female age&gt;35, PGT-A cycles, cleavage ET, &gt;1 ET, patients with uterine pathology and hydrosalpinx, FET with surplus embryos, endometrial thickness&lt;7mm were excluded.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Female age ≤ 35 years old with a triple-layer endometrium &gt;7 mm underwent transfer of single blastocysts after the first ET after freeze-all cycles. The indications for freeze-all were ovarian hyperstimuation syndrome and trigger day P level&gt;1.5 ng/ml. 224 patients were eligible for study; 133 in SC-P group and 91 in IM-P group.The primary endpoint was the ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) beyond pregnancy week 12.

Main results and the role of chance

The demographic, cycle, embryologic characteristics were similar between groups. The median circulating P levels on the day of ET were 19.92(15.195–27.255)ng/&#x2028;ml and 21(16.48–28)ng/ml in the SC-P and IM-P groups,(p = 0.786). The clinical pregnancy rates [86/133(64.7%) vs 57/91(62.6%);p=0.757], miscarriage rates [21/86(24.4%) vs 10/57(17.5%) ;p=0.329], and OPR [65/133 (48.9%) vs 47/91(51.6%); p = 0.683] were comparable between the SC-P and IM-P. Binary logistic regression was performed for ongoing pregnancy as the dependent factor blastocyst morphology was found to be the only significant independent prognostic factor (p = 0.006), whereas the route of P was insignificant. In the SC-P and IM-P &#x2028;groups, the effect of ET day P levels were divided into quartiles(Q) to evaluate the effect on ongoing pregnancy. In SC-P group OPR were similar in four Q [Q1:33.3%(11/33),Q2:50%(17/34),Q3:60.6%(20/33),Q4:51.5%(17/33) (p = 0.1)].For IM-P group; Q1 had a significantly reduced OPR than Q2, Q3, Q4. [26.1%(6/23),65.2%(15/23),54.5%(12/22) and 60.9%(14/23), p = 0.031]. Logistic regression analysis for OP was performed separately in SC-P group and IM-P group. Although in SC-P group, ET day P levels was not found to be a significant factor, in IM-P ET day P level was found to be an independent factor for OP in IM-P group (Q1vs Q2+Q3+Q4; OR: 8,178 95% CI: [1.387–48.223] p:0.02).

.

Limitations, reasons for caution

Although this study has the advantage of being prospective and in a homogenous study population, randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of SC-P to other routes of P. Extrapolation to unselected populations of this study is needed.

Wider implications of the findings: Assignment of threshold of serum P on the day of ET for HRT-FET cycles to optimize outcomes is critical for every route of P. Regarding these results, individual luteal phase for HRT-FET cycles can improve IVF outcome.

Trial registration number

None

Assessment of nail findings in children with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND

Cutaneous findings are well known in atopic dermatitis (AD), but nail changes have not received as much attention.

AIM

To determine the clinical and disease-related capillaroscopic findings of nail findings in paediatric patients with AD.

METHODS

In total, 100 participants aged 2-16 years were sourced from the dermatology outpatient clinic: 50 of these had been diagnosed with AD according to the Hanifin-Rajka criteria, and the others were 50 healthy controls (HCs) without AD. The AD severity score (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis; SCORAD) was calculated for all patients with AD. A digital epiluminescence device was used for nailfold capillaroscopy.

RESULTS

The nail findings detected in patients with AD were pitting, punctate leuconychia, trachyonychia, onycholysis and onychomadesis. Pitting was significantly (P < 0.01) more frequent in the patient group (26%) than in the HC group (6%). Similarly, the patient group had significantly higher rates for capillary density decrease (P < 0.01), capillary array irregularity (P < 0.001), capillary dilatation increase (P < 0.001), tortuosity (P = 0.04), ramification increase (P = 0.02), bush-like appearance (P = 0.02) and avascular areas (P < 0.01). Significant correlations were determined between pitting and trachyonychia (P < 0.05, r = 0.21), capillary density decrease (P < 0.05, r = 0.25), avascular areas (P < 0.001; r = 0.29) and SCORAD (P < 0.05, r = 0.35).

CONCLUSION

The nailfold capillaroscopic images of children with AD were similar to those of scleroderma spectrum disorder. Thus, we believe it would be beneficial to support detailed clinical examination of patients with a capillaroscopic examination.

Efficacy of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty as a first line treatment for otitis media with effusion in children

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of ventilation tube insertion and balloon Eustachian tuboplasty as a first line treatment for otitis media with effusion in children.

METHOD

This was a retrospective evaluation of 62 children, 30 cases that underwent balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (group 1) and 32 cases that underwent ventilation tube insertion (group 2), from July 2016 to April 2018.

RESULTS

The pre-operative air-bone gap of patients who underwent balloon Eustachian tuboplasty was 15-35 dB (mean: 27.6 ± 8.2 dB). The mean pre-operative air-bone gap decreased to 9.6 dB after a mean of 14.4 months (p < 0.05). The air-bone gap decreased from 25.6 dB to 17.6 dB in the ventilation tube group. There was a significant improvement in the air-bone gap values in both groups; however, this decrease was significantly higher in the balloon Eustachian tuboplasty group (p = 0.043).

CONCLUSION

Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty may be an effective and safe method for use as a first-line treatment of otitis media with effusion in children.

A Modification of Internal Bone Transport Method for Reconstruction of Nonunion of Forearm

BACKGROUND

Defects of bone and soft tissue occur frequently after high-energy trauma, infections, and tumor resection. Treatment options are limited and outcomes are controversial in nonunion. Classical reconstruction methods are challenging. We describe a method of internal bone transport for treatment of complicated nonunion of the forearm. This method permits axial and internal bone transport without harming the distorted and complex neurovascular anatomy or soft-tissue envelope.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Five patients (mean age, 27 years) with defect nonunion (3 ulna, 2 radius) were treated. Mean preoperative defect size was 36 mm, mean shortening was 14 (0-30) mm, and the extent of surgical resection was 24 (20-40) mm. Total bone loss due to defect, resection, or shortening was 74 mm. According to Paley classification, two of the patients had B1, and three had B3 defect nonunion. This study treats defect nonunion of the forearm using an internal bone-transport method. Our method involved cannulated screws, a cerclage wire, and a circular fixator being used in combination. When transportation was completed, internal fixation of the docking site with a plate and screws was done, with bone grafting after fixator removal. Bone healing and functional outcomes were assessed with radiographs and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores, respectively.

RESULTS

Mean followup was 67.6 months. Solid osseous union and functional improvement were achieved in all cases. Mean bone loss was 66 mm, mean fixator time was 131.8 days, the lengthening index was 1.3 days/mm, and the fixator index was 2.1 days/mm. DASH score was 82.2 before treatment and 15.36 after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Using our method, internal bone transport and progressive axial docking of defects can be done with minimal effects on surrounding neurovascular arrangements and soft tissues. Size of fixators can be decreased and formation of painful scar tissue can be avoided.

Deformity correction with total knee arthroplasty for severe knee osteoarthritis accompanying extra-articular femoral deformity: the results are promising

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate patients with severe degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular femoral deformities treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and acute deformity correction.

METHODS

Ten patients with severe degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee and extra-articular femoral deformities were included, and the median age was 63 years (range 38-67). The etiology was post-traumatic malunion in four patients, rickets sequelae in four patients, and surgical sequelae due to multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in two patients. The severity of degenerative osteoarthritis and deformity analyses were assessed according to the Kellgren-Lawrence and Paley criteria, respectively. The median number of previous operations the patients had undergone was two (range 0-3), and the median Oxford Knee Society score was 9 (range 5-13) before treatment. All patients were treated with primary TKA and deformity correction in the same surgery. The TKA was completed first, followed by an osteotomy at the apex of the deformity. Finally, a retrograde intramedullary nail was inserted.

RESULTS

The median follow-up period was 44 (31-60) months. A stable and functional knee joint, a physiological mechanical axis, and solid osseous union were achieved in all patients. Late prosthetic failure was seen in one patient due to deep infection. The median Oxford Knee Society score was 42 (range 37-47) at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining several procedures in single setting for the treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis accompanied by extra-articular deformity may eliminate the need for multiple surgeries. Furthermore, a proper physiological mechanical axis can be obtained without causing substantial bone loss.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

IV.

Elliptic Fourier based analysis and multivariate approaches for size and shape distinctions of walnut (

Size and shape data of agricultural crops provide great sources for food processing technologies. The physical attributes of different fruits should be known for the design, developing and innovation of food technologies. In this study, the size and shape distinctions of fifteen national and international walnut cultivars (Midland, Sütyemez-1, Serr, Maraş-18, Maraş-12, Sütyemez-2, Kaman-1, Kaman-5, Pedro, Howard, Chandler, Şebin, Şen-2, Bilecik and KR-1) were determined using elliptic Fourier and multivariate approaches. Firstly, the gravitational features of walnut cultivars were determined, and their dimensional, area and shape attributes were revealed by image processing. Cluster analysis was used to designate the walnut cultivars. Elliptic Fourier descriptors obtained from walnut outlines provided the comparisons among walnut cultivars in shape. The shape index indicated that Serr, Sütyemez-2, Midland and Şen-2 cultivars were oval-shaped, and the others were spherical. The cluster analysis divided the walnut cultivars into four subgroups. Elliptic Fourier descriptors perfectly distinguished the walnut cultivars according to shape.

Cementless total hip arthroplasty for severely dislocated hips previously treated with Schanz osteotomy of the proximal femur

INTRODUCTION

We report the short-term outcomes of total hip arthroplasty(THA) in patients previously treated with Schanz osteotomy (SO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighteen patients [2 male, 16 female; mean age, 55.4 (range, 50-66) years] who had undergone THA after SO were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical evaluation was performed based on the Harris hip score. Radiological evaluation was performed using full-length radiographs of the lower extremities, pelvis, and hip.

RESULTS

The mean follow-up period was 30.8 (range, 18-56) months. Mean femoral shortening was 3.7 (range, 2-5) cm. Perioperative complications occurred in 4 (22.2%) patients. Nonunion was not found at the osteotomy sites. No dislocation was observed. The Trendelenburg sign was positive for five (27.7%) patients, postoperatively. The mean Harris hip score improved from 42.7 to 78.7 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

THA for hips previously treated with SO is technically demanding. If careful preoperative planning is performed, successful treatment can be achieved.

Simultaneous bilateral correction of genu varum with Smart frame

PURPOSE

The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiological results of simultaneous bilateral correction of genu varum with Smart frame.

METHODS

Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 25 patients (10 females, 15 males) who had bilateral genu varum deformity were operated bilaterally with tibial and fibular osteotomy in the same session, using Smart frame. The mean follow-up period was 28.7 (range, 13-45) months. All patients had bilateral tibial varus deformity. Femoral deformity was corrected in an earlier session in nine patients. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Short Form-36 questionnaire was filled by the patients preoperatively and during the last follow-up.

RESULTS

The mean preoperative MAD was 37.6 mm (range, 9-98 mm), which improved to 8.4 mm (range, 3-44 mm) postoperatively ( p < 0.05). The mean preoperative mMPTA was 76°, which improved to 89° ( p < 0.05). The mean preoperative PPTA was 75.5°, which improved to 80.3 ( p < 0.05). Ten problems (20%), two obstacles (4%) and no sequelae occurred in 50 legs of 25 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, Smart frame is an accurate and reliable method for performing bilateral simultaneous deformity correction in patients with bilateral genu varum deformity. It can be applied for various childhood-induced severe tibial deformities such as achondroplasia, rickets, skeletal dysplasia and Blount's disease.

Tracking Hyaluronan: Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coated Carbon Dots for Cancer Cell Targeting and Imaging

War against cancer constantly requires new affinity tools to selectively detect, localize, and quantify biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. Herein, carbon nanodots (CDs), an emerging class of fluorescent nanomaterials, coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are employed as a biocompatible optical imaging tool for probing cancer biomarkers. First, N-doped CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using starch as carbon source and l-tryptophan as nitrogen atom provider to achieve a high quantum yield of 25.1 ± 2%. The CDs have a typical size of ∼3.2 nm and produce an intense fluorescence at 450 nm upon excitation with UV light. A MIP shell for specific recognition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) was then synthesized around the CDs, using the emission of the CDs as an internal light source for photopolymerization. GlcA is a substructure (epitope) of hyaluronan, a biomarker for certain cancers. The biotargeting and bioimaging of hyaluronan on fixated human cervical cancer cells using CD core-MIP shell nanocomposites is demonstrated. Human keratinocytes were used as noncancerous reference cells and indeed, less staining was observed by the CD-MIP.

Is intact fibula a disadvantage in treatment of tibial diaphysis fracture with intramedullary nailing?

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to compare solitary tibial diaphysis fractures and tibial diaphysis fractures associated with fibula fracture treated with the intramedullary nailing method.

METHODS

Records of 254 patients diagnosed with tibial diaphysis fracture and treated with intramedullary nailing between 2010 and 2013 were examined and 30 patients were included in the study. Group 1 comprised patients with solitary tibial diaphysis fracture, and Group 2 was made up of patients with tibial diaphysis fractures associated with fibula fracture. Patients in both groups were compared in terms of time to surgery, duration of surgical tourniquet, time to union, and varus, valgus, recurvatum, and antecurvatum deformities of the tibia at final follow-up.

RESULTS

No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in time to surgery, duration of surgical tourniquet, time to union, or varus, valgus, recurvatum, and antecurvatum deformities.

CONCLUSION

Results indicated that intact fibula in tibial diaphysis fracture treated with intramedullary nailing was not a disadvantage; it did not affect rate of union or lead to loss of reduction, non-union, or malunion.

Comparative Results of External Fixation, Plating, or Nonoperative Management for Diaphyseal Clavicle Fractures

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of mid-diaphyseal clavicular fractures between an external fixator and more widely selected treatment options such as plate osteosynthesis or conservative methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The medical records of 64 patients who were treated for mid-diaphyseal clavicular fracture in our clinic from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was mid-diaphyseal closed clavicular fractures with shortening of more than 2 cm. The Constant and DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) scores at the final follow-up, initial displacement, nonunion, and complication rates were compared. Statistical differences between groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison analysis was used to evaluate the differences within the groups.

RESULTS

Of the 64 patients, 24 (37.5%) were treated with plate osteosynthesis (group 1), 11 (17.2%) with an external fixator (group 2), and 29 (45.3%) conservatively with a figure-of-eight bandage (group 3). The mean follow-up periods were as follows: group 1: 37 ± 10.4 months, group 2: 33 ± 7 months, and group 3: 35 ± 9.4 months. The initial amount of displacement and DASH score were: group 1: 89.1 ± 7.8, group 2: 89.1 ± 7.8, and group 3: 6.1 ± 6.6) (p = 0.079). The Constant score of group 2 (93 ± 6.1) was significantly higher than that of group 3 (85 ± 8.4) (p = 0.013). No statistical difference was found in the distribution of nonunions (p = 0.387). However, in group 3, the number of malunions (11/29, 37.9%) was significantly higher compared to the other 2 groups (group 1: 1/24, 4.2%; group 2: 2/11, 18.2%) (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that the treatment of acute clavicular fractures with an external fixator was a good alternative to plate osteosynthesis or conservative treatment.

A novel biological reconstruction of tibial bone defects arising after resection of tumors

The purpose of this paper is to describe a biologic reconstruction strategy for defects after resection of malignant tibia tumors. Limb-sparing surgery was used for 4 patients with malignant tibia tumors. All patients were male, with an average age of 39.5 years (range: 34-46 years). Mean length of the resected tibia segment was 135 mm (range: 120-150 mm). The defects were primarily reconstructed with bone cement and locked plate until completion of the medical treatment of the tumor. The bone transport was made through locked plate, and the docking site was grafted at the final stage. Mean follow-up period was 49.75 months (range: 71-22 months). Mean distraction index was 1148 mm/days (range: 1130-1175 mm/days), and mean external fixation time was 167 days (range: 152-187 days). According to Paley, functional results were excellent in 2 cases and good in the other 2 cases. Radiological results were excellent in all cases. Two major and 2 minor complications were observed. In this method, stable internal fixation and active usage of extremities are provided until biological reconstruction, and possible wound problems can be completely eliminated during the duration of medical treatment of the tumor.

Angular deformity development after the distal tibial physeal fractures

Several clinical and radiological factors can be prognostic in the development of angular deformity following physeal injuries of the distal tibia. One of the radiological parameters, premature physeal closure (PPC), can be detected during postoperative follow-ups. Aim of our study was to identify the prognostic factors in development of angular deformity and its relationship with PPC. One hundred and four patients treated due to physeal injuries of the distal tibia were included in our study. Patients were divided into three groups based on Salter-Harris (SH) classification. The intergroup relationships between sex, age, the amount of energy sustained during injury, premature physeal closure, the amount of residual gap, and deformity were analyzed. Angular deformity developed in 25% (3/12) of SH Type 2, in 60% (9/15) of Type 3 and 30% (3/10) of Type 4 patients with PPC. A residual displacement of more than 2 mm, age and premature physeal closure were specified as significant risk factors for development of angular deformity. 2 mm limit for residual displacement and findings of premature physeal closure in the radiological evaluations during follow-ups are prognostic factors in avoiding malalignment of the distal tibia.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 3.

Evaluation of outcomes in aseptic non-unions of the forearm bones in adults treated with LCP and autograft

BACKGROUND

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of locking compression plate (LCP) and autografting application in patients with nonunion of forearm fractures on radiologic and clinical outcome.

METHODS

A total of 26 patients (16 males, 10 females; mean age: 45.7 years) with nonunion after surgical treatment of forearm fractures were included. Nonunion was located in the ulna in 14 patients, in the radius in 5 patients, and in both in 7 patients (21 ulna, 12 radius).Infection markers were checked prior to surgery. Samples for microbiologic cultures were peroperatively obtained in 7 patients with a history of open fractures. Autografting from the iliac crest and 3.5-mm LCP were applied. Type of nonunion, time to unification, range of motion in the wrist and elbow joints, and complications were analyzed. Functional evaluation was performedusing the scoring system described by Anderson et al.

RESULTS

Mean follow-up period was 49.3 months (range 24-73 months). Unification was achieved in a mean 5.7 months (range 3-14 months). Additional surgical process was not required. No bacterial proliferation was observed in cultures. Superficial infection was observed in 3 patients and deep infection in 1. Results were scored as excellent in 10 (38.4%) patients, satisfactory in 13 (50%), and unsatisfactory in 3 (11.6%).

CONCLUSION

Treatment of aseptic forearm nonunion in adults with autografting from the iliac crest and 3.5-mmLCP fixation increases unification rate and aids in function recovery.

An aptamer folding-based sensory platform decorated with nanoparticles for simple cocaine testing

The consumption of illicit drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines is still a major health and social problem, creating an abuse in adults especially. Novel techniques which estimate the drug of abuse are needed for the detection of newly revealed psychoactive drugs. Herein, we have constructed a combinatorial platform by using quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as a functional aptamer which selectively recognizes cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE). We have called it an aptamer folding-based sensory device (AFSD). For the fabrication of AFSD, QDs were initially immobilized onto the poly-L-lysine coated μ-well surfaces. Then, the AuNP-aptamer conjugates were bound to the QDs. The addition of cocaine or BE caused a change in the aptamer structure which induced the close interaction of AuNPs with the QDs. Hence, quenching of the fluorescence of QDs was observed depending on the analyte amount. The linearity of cocaine and BE was 1.0-10 nM and 1.0-25 μM, respectively. Moreover, the limits of detection for cocaine and BE were calculated as 0.138 nM and 1.66 μM. The selectivity was tested by using different interfering substances (methamphetamine, bovine serum albumin, codeine, and 3-acetamidophenol). To investigate the use of AFSD in artificial urine matrix, cocaine/BE spiked samples were applied. Also, confirmatory analyses by using high performance liquid chromatography were performed. It is shown that AFSD has a good potential for testing the cocaine abuse and can be easily adapted for detection of various addictive drugs by changing the aptamer according to desired analytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Prospective comparative study of two methods for fixation after distal femur corrective osteotomy for valgus deformity; retrograde intramedullary nailing versus less invasive stabilization system plating

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and functional results of two different methods of fixation for the correction of femoral valgus deformities.

METHODS

Patients who had undergone osteotomy and correction of a valgus deformity from 2007 to 2013 were prospectively followed. Thirty three patients (20 females, 13 males) with 39 lower limbs were included in the study. Seventeen lower limbs were treated with retrograde intramedullary nailing (IMN) and 22 with less invasive stabilization system plating. Standing orthoroentgenograms of the lower limbs were taken pre-operatively and at the final follow-up. mLDFA, aLDFA, mechanical axis deviation (MAD) were measured in this orthoroentgenograms. Knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and knee range of motion were used pre-operatively and at the final follow-up as part of the evaluation of the clinical results. All patients duration of surgery, length of hospital stay were assessed. Operations were performed by two orthopedic surgeons. The choice of correction method for each patient was determined by the surgeon. Pre-operative and post-operative values were simultaneously measured by two additional orthopedic surgeons.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 26.2 years (18.0-51.0) in the plating group and 29.3 years (18.0-55.0) in the nailing group. Patients in the plating and nailing groups were followed up for 24.0 (12.0-60.0) and 27.8 (12.0-60.0) months. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, sex, or duration of follow-up (p > 0.05) Comparison of the pre- and post-operative mLDFA, aLDFA, MAD, length of hospital stay, and duration of surgery between the plating group and nailing group, no significant difference was observed between the groups (p > 0.05). However, patients treated with retrograde IMN had significantly better post-operative results in terms of the KOOS and range of motion of the knee according to plating group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Retrograde IMN does not provide a radiological advantage over the LISS plating technique for valgus deformity but retrograde IMN and correction offered better functional results in cases of femoral valgus deformity than did the LISS plating method.

Polypeptide Functional Surface for the Aptamer Immobilization: Electrochemical Cocaine Biosensing

Electroanalytical technologies as a beneficial subject of modern analytical chemistry can play an important role for abused drug analysis which is crucial for both legal and social respects. This article reports a novel aptamer-based biosensing procedure for cocaine analysis by combining the advantages of aptamers as selective recognition elements with the well-known advantages of biosensor systems such as the possibility of miniaturization and automation, easy fabrication and modification, low cost, and sensitivity. In order to construct the aptasensor platform, first, polythiophene bearing polyalanine homopeptide side chains (PT-Pala) was electrochemically coated onto the surface of an electrode and then cocaine aptamer was attached to the polymer via covalent conjugation chemistry. The stepwise modification of the surface was confirmed by electrochemical characterization. The designed biosensing system was applied for the detection of cocaine and its metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), which exhibited a linear correlation in the range from 2.5 up to 10 nM and 0.5 up to 50 μM for cocaine and BE, respectively. In order to expand its practical application, the proposed method was successfully tested for the analysis of synthetic biological fluids.

Multimodal theranostic assemblies: double encapsulation of protoporphyrine-IX/Gd3+in niosomes

Theranostically engineered protoporphyrin IX/Gd³⁺encapsulated niosomes were prepared and used as multimodal theranostic agent.

Novel glyconanoconjugates: synthesis, characterization and bioapplications

The impressive properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have caused them to gain considerable attention for biological applications such as cancer therapy.

Reproductive performance after hysteroscopic metroplasty in infertile women: complete versus partial uterine septum

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the impact of hysteroscopic metroplasty on pregnancy outcome in women with complete or incomplete uterine septum (US) accompanying infertility.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Seventy-three patients who had hysteroscopic metroplasty for complete and incomplete US with primary and secondary infertility were reviewed. Obstetric outcomes (number of pregnancies, live births, and miscarriages) up to 36 months follow up period were investigated.

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients in complete US and 28 patients in incomplete US became pregnant in 36 months follow up. Postoperative miscarriage rate was significantly lower in patients with complete US (p = 0.0001,p = 0.0001, respectively). The mean gestational week at the time of birth and mean birth weight of the in- fants were significantly lower in patients with complete US compared to the incomplete US cases (p = 0.026, p = 0.049, respectively). Postoperative pregnancy rate was significantly lower in incomplete US patients with primary infertility compared with secondary in- fertility (p = 0.037).

CONCLUSION

Hysteroscopic metroplasty improves fertility and pregnancy performance. This improvement is more prominent in patients with complete US, and incomplete US patients with secondary infertility.

Comparative cell adhesion properties of cysteine extended peptide architectures

This study presents the comparative cell attachment investigation of TAT and well-known RGD peptide modified surfaces.

Comparison of intramedullary nail and plate fixation in distal tibia diaphyseal fractures close to the mortise

BACKGROUND

In this study, we aimed to compare the functional and radiological results of intramedullary nailing and plate fixation techniques in the surgical treatment of distal tibia diaphyseal fractures close to the ankle joint.

METHODS

Between 2005 and 2011, 55 patients (32 males, 23 females; mean age 42 years; range 15 to 72 years) who were treated with intramedullary nailing (21 patients) or plate fixation (34 patients) due to distal tibia diaphyseal fracture were included in the study. The average follow-up period was 27.6 months (range, 12-82 months). The patients were evaluated with regard to nonunion, malunion, infection, and implant irritation. The AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) scale was used for the clinical evaluation.

RESULTS

No statistically significant difference was found between the two surgical methods with respect to unification time, AOFAS score, accompanying fibula fracture, material irritation, and malunion. Nine patients had open fractures, and these patients were treated with plate fixation (p=0.100). Nonunion developed in three patients who were treated with plates. Infection occurred in one patient. Anterior knee pain was significantly higher in patients who were treated with intramedullary nails. There was no malunion in any patient.

CONCLUSION

As the distal fragment is not long enough, plate fixation technique is usually preferred in the treatment of distal tibia diaphyseal fractures. In this study, we observed that if the surgical guidelines are followed carefully, intramedullary nailing is an appropriate technique in this kind of fracture. The malunion rates are not significantly increased, and it also has the advantages of being a minimally invasive surgery with fewer wound problems.

Polythiophene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with Lateral Amino Groups as a Novel Matrix for Biosensor Construction

In the ever-expanding field of conducting polymer research, functionalized graft hybrid copolymers have gained considerable interest in the biomedical engineering and biosensing applications, particularly. In the present work, a new biosensor based on conducting graft copolymer for the detection of phenolic compounds was developed. Thereby, a robust and novel material, namely "polythiophene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with lateral amino groups" (PT-NH2-g-PEG) hybrid conducting polymer was synthesized via Suzuki condensation polymerization and characterized with (1)H NMR analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. PT-NH2-g-PEG architecture was then applied as an immobilization matrix to accomplish extended biosensing function. In a typical process, Laccase was utilized as a model enzyme for the detection of phenolic compounds. Detailed surface characterization of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac was performed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Optimum pH and polymer amount were found to be pH 6.5 and 0.5 mg polymer, respectively, with the linear range of 0.0025-0.05 mM and 132.45 μA/mM sensitivity. The kinetic parameters of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac are 0.026 mM for Km(app) and 7.38 μA for Imax, respectively. Furthermore, the PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac biofilm was retained 82% of its activity for 12 days indicating excellent recovery as tested with artificial wastewater.

Perioperative versus postoperative measurement of Taylor Spatial Frame mounting parameters

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the differences, if any, between application parameters for the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) system obtained during surgery under fluoroscopy and after surgery from digital radiography.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 17 extremities of 15 patients (8 male, 7 female; mean age: 21.9 years, range: 10 to 55 years) who underwent TSF after deformity and fracture. Application parameters measured by fluoroscopy at the end of surgery after mounting the fixator were compared with parameters obtained from anteroposterior and lateral digital radiographs taken 1 day after surgery.

RESULTS

Fixator was applied to the femur in 8 patients, tibia in 6 and radius in 3. Mean time to removal of the frame was 3.5 (range: 3 to 7) months. Mean perioperative anteroposterior, lateral and axial frame offsets of patients were 9.1 (range: 3 to 20) mm, 18.1 (range: 5 to 37) mm and 95.3 (range: 25 to 155) mm, respectively. Mean postoperative anteroposterior, lateral and axial frame offset radiographs were 11.8 (range: 2 to 30) mm, 18 (range: 6 to 47) mm and 109.5 (range: 28 to 195) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

While measurements taken during operation may lengthen the duration in the operation room, fluoroscopy may provide better images and is easier to perform than digital radiography. On the other hand, there is no difference between measurements taken during perioperative fluoroscopy and postoperative digital radiography.

Herbal infusions of black seed and wheat germ oil: Their chemical profiles, in vitro bio-investigations and effective formulations as Phyto-Nanoemulsions

The reported studies related to black seed oil (BSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) have illustrated that they have a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, enhancing the amount of bio-active compounds that caused higher cell based anti-oxidative effect as well as cell proliferation, etc. in seed oils, infusion of crude plant material has been gained importance as a traditional technique. Herein, we accomplished the infusion of Calendula flowers that also contains many phyto-constituents into BSO and WGO. After the infusion of oils, the change of phytochemical amount was investigated and evaluated according to the oils by chromatography, radical scavenging activity. Subsequently, for investigating the biological impact upon live cells, cytotoxicity, cell-based antioxidant capacity, wound healing and radioprotective activity were tested with monkey kidney fibroblast like cells (Vero) and HaCaT keratinocytes. In vitro cell based experiments (wound healing and radioprotective activity) confirmed that Calendula infused BSO and WGO have greater bio-activity when compared to those plain forms. The herbal oils prepared with an effective extraction technique were incorporated into nanoemulsion systems which will be then called as 'Phyto-Nanoemulsion'. After herbal oil biomolecules were encapsulated into nanoemulsion based delivery systems, the designed formulations were investigated in terms of biological activities. In conclusion, these preparations could be a good candidate as a part of dermal cosmetic products or food supplements which have the therapeutic efficiency, especially after radio- or chemotherapy.

Production cross–section calculations of medical 32P, 117Sn, 153Sm and 186,188Re radionuclides used in bone pain palliation treatment

In this study, production cross–section calculations of 32P, 117Sn, 153Sm and 186,188Re radionuclides used in bone pain palliation treatment produced by 30Si(d,γ)32P, 118Sn(γ,n)117Sn, 116Sn(n,γ)117Sn, 150Nd(α,n)153Sm, 154Sm(n,2n)153Sm, 152Sm(n,γ)153Sm, 186W(d,2n)186Re, 187Re(γ,n)186Re, 185Re(n,γ)186Re and 187Re(n,γ)188Re reactions have been investigated in the different incident energy range of 0.003–34 MeV. Two-component exciton and generalised superfluid models of the TALYS 1.6 and exciton and generalised superfluid models of the EMPIRE 3.1 computer codes have been used to pre-equilibrium (PEQ) reaction calculations. The calculated production cross–section results have been compared with available experimental results existing in the experimental nuclear reaction database (EXFOR). Except the 118Sn(γ,n)117Sn, 150Nd(α,n)153Sm and 185Re(n,γ)186Re reactions, the two-component exciton model calculations of TALYS 1.6 code exhibit generally good agreement with the experimental measurements for all reactions used in this present study.