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Andersen JV, Westi EW, Griem-Krey N, Skotte NH, Schousboe A, Aldana BI, Wellendorph P. Deletion of CaMKIIα disrupts glucose metabolism, glutamate uptake, and synaptic energetics in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2024; 168:704-718. [PMID: 36949663 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a key regulator of neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity and neurotransmitter homeostasis are closely coupled to the energy metabolism of both neurons and astrocytes. However, whether CaMKIIα function is implicated in brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism remains unclear. Here, we explored the metabolic consequences of CaMKIIα deletion in the cerebral cortex using a genetic CaMKIIα knockout (KO) mouse. Energy and neurotransmitter metabolism was functionally investigated in acutely isolated cerebral cortical slices using stable 13C isotope tracing, whereas the metabolic function of synaptosomes was assessed by the rates of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration. The oxidative metabolism of [U-13C]glucose was extensively reduced in cerebral cortical slices of the CaMKIIα KO mice. In contrast, metabolism of [1,2-13C]acetate, primarily reflecting astrocyte metabolism, was unaffected. Cellular uptake, and subsequent metabolism, of [U-13C]glutamate was decreased in cerebral cortical slices of CaMKIIα KO mice, whereas uptake and metabolism of [U-13C]GABA were unaffected, suggesting selective metabolic impairments of the excitatory system. Synaptic metabolic function was maintained during resting conditions in isolated synaptosomes from CaMKIIα KO mice, but both the glycolytic and mitochondrial capacities became insufficient when the synaptosomes were metabolically challenged. Collectively, this study shows that global deletion of CaMKIIα significantly impairs cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly of neurons, suggesting a metabolic role of CaMKIIα signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nane Griem-Krey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Lewinska M, Zhuravleva E, Satriano L, Martinez MB, Bhatt DK, Oliveira DVNP, Antoku Y, Keggenhoff FL, Castven D, Marquardt JU, Matter MS, Erler JT, Oliveira RC, Aldana BI, Al-Abdulla R, Perugorria MJ, Calvisi DF, Perez LA, Rodrigues PM, Labiano I, Banales JM, Andersen JB. Fibroblast-Derived Lysyl Oxidase Increases Oxidative Phosphorylation and Stemness in Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:886-901.e7. [PMID: 38096955 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic and transcriptional programs respond to extracellular matrix-derived cues in complex environments, such as the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate how lysyl oxidase (LOX), a known factor in collagen crosslinking, contributes to the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS Transcriptomes of 209 human CCA tumors, 143 surrounding tissues, and single-cell data from 30 patients were analyzed. The recombinant protein and a small molecule inhibitor of the LOX activity were used on primary patient-derived CCA cultures to establish the role of LOX in migration, proliferation, colony formation, metabolic fitness, and the LOX interactome. The oncogenic role of LOX was further investigated by RNAscope and in vivo using the AKT/NICD genetically engineered murine CCA model. RESULTS We traced LOX expression to hepatic stellate cells and specifically hepatic stellate cell-derived inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and found that cancer-associated fibroblast-driven LOX increases oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic fitness of CCA, and regulates mitochondrial function through transcription factor A, mitochondrial. Inhibiting LOX activity in vivo impedes CCA development and progression. Our work highlights that LOX alters tumor microenvironment-directed transcriptional reprogramming of CCA cells by facilitating the expression of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and by increasing stemness and mobility. CONCLUSIONS Increased LOX is driven by stromal inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and correlates with diminished survival of patients with CCA. Modulating the LOX activity can serve as a novel tumor microenvironment-directed therapeutic strategy in bile duct pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lewinska
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ekaterina Zhuravleva
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Letizia Satriano
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta B Martinez
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deepak K Bhatt
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas V N P Oliveira
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasuko Antoku
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Friederike L Keggenhoff
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Medizinische Klinik I, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine T Erler
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui C Oliveira
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luis Arnes Perez
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ibone Labiano
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Salcedo C, Pozo Garcia V, García-Adán B, Ameen AO, Gegelashvili G, Waagepetersen HS, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Increased glucose metabolism and impaired glutamate transport in human astrocytes are potential early triggers of abnormal extracellular glutamate accumulation in hiPSC-derived models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:822-840. [PMID: 38063257 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate recycling between neurons and astrocytes is essential to maintain neurotransmitter homeostasis. Disturbances in glutamate homeostasis, resulting in excitotoxicity and neuronal death, have been described as a potential mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, glutamate neurotransmitter metabolism in different human brain cells, particularly astrocytes, has been poorly investigated at the early stages of AD. We sought to investigate glucose and glutamate metabolism in AD by employing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons carrying mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) gene as found in familial types of AD (fAD). Methods such as live-cell bioenergetics and metabolic mapping using [13C]-enriched substrates were used to examine metabolism in the early stages of AD. Our results revealed greater glycolysis and glucose oxidative metabolism in astrocytes and neurons with APP or PSEN-1 mutations, accompanied by an elevated glutamate synthesis compared to control WT cells. Astrocytes with APP or PSEN-1 mutations exhibited reduced expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), and glutamine uptake increased in mutated neurons, with enhanced glutamate release specifically in neurons with a PSEN-1 mutation. These results demonstrate a hypermetabolic phenotype in astrocytes with fAD mutations possibly linked to toxic glutamate accumulation. Our findings further identify metabolic imbalances that may occur in the early phases of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria Pozo Garcia
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernat García-Adán
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aishat O Ameen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgi Gegelashvili
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Haukedal H, Syshøj Lorenzen S, Winther Westi E, Corsi GI, Gadekar VP, McQuade A, Davtyan H, Doncheva NT, Schmid B, Chandrasekaran A, Seemann SE, Cirera S, Blurton-Jones M, Meyer M, Gorodkin J, Aldana BI, Freude K. Alteration of microglial metabolism and inflammatory profile contributes to neurotoxicity in a hiPSC-derived microglia model of frontotemporal dementia 3. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:353-373. [PMID: 37543250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early-onset dementia, with no current treatment options. FTD linked to chromosome 3 (FTD3) is a rare sub-form of the disease, caused by a point mutation in the Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B (CHMP2B). This mutation causes neuronal phenotypes, such as mitochondrial deficiencies, accompanied by metabolic changes and interrupted endosomal-lysosomal fusion. However, the contribution of glial cells to FTD3 pathogenesis has, until recently, been largely unexplored. Glial cells play an important role in most neurodegenerative disorders as drivers and facilitators of neuroinflammation. Microglia are at the center of current investigations as potential pro-inflammatory drivers. While gliosis has been observed in FTD3 patient brains, it has not yet been systematically analyzed. In the light of this, we investigated the role of microglia in FTD3 by implementing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) with either a heterozygous or homozygous CHMP2B mutation, introduced into a healthy control hiPSC line via CRISPR-Cas9 precision gene editing. These hiPSC were differentiated into microglia to evaluate the pro-inflammatory profile and metabolic state. Moreover, hiPSC-derived neurons were cultured with conditioned microglia media to investigate disease specific interactions between the two cell populations. Interestingly, we identified two divergent inflammatory microglial phenotypes resulting from the underlying mutations: a severe pro-inflammatory profile in CHMP2B homozygous FTD3 microglia, and an "unresponsive" CHMP2B heterozygous FTD3 microglial state. These findings correlate with our observations of increased phagocytic activity in CHMP2B homozygous, and impaired protein degradation in CHMP2B heterozygous FTD3 microglia. Metabolic mapping confirmed these differences, revealing a metabolic reprogramming of the CHMP2B FTD3 microglia, displayed as a compensatory up-regulation of glutamine metabolism in the CHMP2B homozygous FTD3 microglia. Intriguingly, conditioned CHMP2B homozygous FTD3 microglia media caused neurotoxic effects, which was not evident for the heterozygous microglia. Strikingly, IFN-γ treatment initiated an immune boost of the CHMP2B heterozygous FTD3 microglia, and conditioned microglia media exposure promoted neural outgrowth. Our findings indicate that the microglial profile, activity, and behavior is highly dependent on the status of the CHMP2B mutation. Our results suggest that the heterozygous state of the mutation in FTD3 patients could potentially be exploited in form of immune-boosting intervention strategies to counteract neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Signe Syshøj Lorenzen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Emil Winther Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Veerendra P Gadekar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, 92697 Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, 92697 Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Stefan E Seemann
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, 92697 Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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Abghari M, Vu JTCM, Eckberg N, Aldana BI, Kohlmeier KA. Decanoic Acid Rescues Differences in AMPA-Mediated Calcium Rises in Hippocampal CA1 Astrocytes and Neurons in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1461. [PMID: 37892143 PMCID: PMC10604953 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, is associated with high levels of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), which is believed to play a role in cellular damage and signaling changes in AD. Decanoic acid has been shown to be therapeutic in AD. Glutamatergic signaling within neurons and astrocytes of the CA1 region of the hippocampus is critical in cognitive processes, and previous work has indicated deficiencies in this signaling in a mouse model of AD. In this study, we investigated glutamate-mediated signaling by evaluating AMPA-mediated calcium rises in female and male CA1 neurons and astrocytes in a mouse model of AD and examined the potential of decanoic acid to normalize this signaling. In brain slices from 5xFAD mice in which there are five mutations leading to increasing levels of Aβ42, AMPA-mediated calcium transients in CA1 neurons and astrocytes were significantly lower than that seen in wildtype controls in both females and males. Interestingly, incubation of 5xFAD slices in decanoic acid restored AMPA-mediated calcium levels in neurons and astrocytes in both females and males to levels indistinguishable from those seen in wildtype, whereas similar exposure to decanoic acid did not result in changes in AMPA-mediated transients in neurons or astrocytes in either sex in the wildtype. Our data indicate that one mechanism by which decanoic acid could improve cognitive functioning is through normalizing AMPA-mediated signaling in CA1 hippocampal cells.
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Westi EW, Andersen JV, Aldana BI. Using stable isotope tracing to unravel the metabolic components of neurodegeneration: Focus on neuron-glia metabolic interactions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106145. [PMID: 37150307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted brain metabolism is a critical component of several neurodegenerative diseases. Energy metabolism of both neurons and astrocytes is closely connected to neurotransmitter recycling via the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle. Neurons and astrocytes hereby work in close metabolic collaboration which is essential to sustain neurotransmission. Elucidating the mechanistic involvement of altered brain metabolism in disease progression has been aided by the advance of techniques to monitor cellular metabolism, in particular by mapping metabolism of substrates containing stable isotopes, a technique known as isotope tracing. Here we review key aspects of isotope tracing including advantages, drawbacks and applications to different cerebral preparations. In addition, we narrate how isotope tracing has facilitated the discovery of central metabolic features in neurodegeneration with a focus on the metabolic cooperation between neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Duwe L, Munoz-Garrido P, Lewinska M, Lafuente-Barquero J, Satriano L, Høgdall D, Taranta A, Nielsen BS, Ghazal A, Matter MS, Banales JM, Aldana BI, Gao YT, Marquardt JU, Roberts LR, Oliveira RC, Koshiol J, O'Rourke CJ, Andersen JB. MicroRNA-27a-3p targets FoxO signalling to induce tumour-like phenotypes in bile duct cells. J Hepatol 2023; 78:364-375. [PMID: 36848245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous and lethal malignancy, the molecular origins of which remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRs) target diverse signalling pathways, functioning as potent epigenetic regulators of transcriptional output. We aimed to characterise miRNome dysregulation in CCA, including its impact on transcriptome homeostasis and cell behaviour. METHODS Small RNA sequencing was performed on 119 resected CCAs, 63 surrounding liver tissues, and 22 normal livers. High-throughput miR mimic screens were performed in three primary human cholangiocyte cultures. Integration of patient transcriptomes and miRseq together with miR screening data identified an oncogenic miR for characterization. MiR-mRNA interactions were investigated by a luciferase assay. MiR-CRISPR knockout cells were generated and phenotypically characterized in vitro (proliferation, migration, colony, mitochondrial function, glycolysis) and in vivo using subcutaneous xenografts. RESULTS In total, 13% (140/1,049) of detected miRs were differentially expressed between CCA and surrounding liver tissues, including 135 that were upregulated in tumours. CCA tissues were characterised by higher miRNome heterogeneity and miR biogenesis pathway expression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of tumour miRNomes identified three subgroups, including distal CCA-enriched and IDH1 mutant-enriched subgroups. High-throughput screening of miR mimics uncovered 71 miRs that consistently increased proliferation of three primary cholangiocyte models and were upregulated in CCA tissues regardless of anatomical location, among which only miR-27a-3p had consistently increased expression and activity in several cohorts. FoxO signalling was predominantly downregulated by miR-27a-3p in CCA, partially through targeting of FOXO1. MiR-27a knockout increased FOXO1 levels in vitro and in vivo, impeding tumour behaviour and growth. CONCLUSIONS The miRNomes of CCA tissues are highly remodelled, impacting transcriptome homeostasis in part through regulation of transcription factors like FOXO1. MiR-27a-3p arises as an oncogenic vulnerability in CCA. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Cholangiocarcinogenesis entails extensive cellular reprogramming driven by genetic and non-genetic alterations, but the functional roles of these non-genetic events remain poorly understood. By unveiling global miRNA upregulation in patient tumours and their functional ability to increase proliferation of cholangiocytes, these small non-coding RNAs are implicated as critical non-genetic alterations promoting biliary tumour initiation. These findings identify possible mechanisms for transcriptome rewiring during transformation, with potential implications for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Duwe
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Juan Lafuente-Barquero
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dan Høgdall
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andrzej Taranta
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Awaisa Ghazal
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Lübeck, 23558 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rui C Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, USA
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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8
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Andersen JV, Westi EW, Neal ES, Aldana BI, Borges K. β-Hydroxybutyrate and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids are Metabolized by Different Cell Types in Mouse Cerebral Cortex Slices. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:54-61. [PMID: 35999339 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets and medium-chain triglycerides are gaining attention as treatment of neurological disorders. Their major metabolites, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) octanoic acid (C8) and decanoic acid (C10), are auxiliary brain fuels. To which extent these fuels compete for metabolism in different brain cell types is unknown. Here, we used acutely isolated mouse cerebral cortical slices to (1) compare metabolism of 200 µM [U-13C]C8, [U-13C]C10 and [U-13C]βHB and (2) assess potential competition between metabolism of βHB and MCFAs by quantifying metabolite 13C enrichment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The 13C enrichment in most metabolites was similar with [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 as substrates, but several fold lower with [U-13C]βHB. The 13C enrichment in glutamate was in a similar range for all three substrates, whereas the 13C enrichments in citrate and glutamine were markedly higher with both [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 compared with [U-13C]βHB. As citrate and glutamine are indicators of astrocytic metabolism, the results indicate active MCFA metabolism in astrocytes, while βHB is metabolized in a different cellular compartment. In competition experiments, 12C-βHB altered 13C incorporation from [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 in only a few instances, while 12C-C8 and 12C-C10 only further decreased the low [U-13C]βHB-derived 13C incorporation into citrate and glutamine, signifying little competition for oxidative metabolism between βHB and the MCFAs. Overall, the data demonstrate that βHB and MCFAs are supplementary fuels in different cellular compartments in the brain without notable competition. Thus, the use of medium-chain triglycerides in ketogenic diets is likely to be beneficial in conditions with carbon and energy shortages in both astrocytes and neurons, such as GLUT1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elliott S Neal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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9
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Haukedal H, Corsi GI, Gadekar VP, Doncheva NT, Kedia S, de Haan N, Chandrasekaran A, Jensen P, Schiønning P, Vallin S, Marlet FR, Poon A, Pires C, Agha FK, Wandall HH, Cirera S, Simonsen AH, Nielsen TT, Nielsen JE, Hyttel P, Muddashetty R, Aldana BI, Gorodkin J, Nair D, Meyer M, Larsen MR, Freude K. Golgi fragmentation - One of the earliest organelle phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1120086. [PMID: 36875643 PMCID: PMC9978754 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with no current cure. Consequently, alternative approaches focusing on early pathological events in specific neuronal populations, besides targeting the well-studied amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulations and Tau tangles, are needed. In this study, we have investigated disease phenotypes specific to glutamatergic forebrain neurons and mapped the timeline of their occurrence, by implementing familial and sporadic human induced pluripotent stem cell models as well as the 5xFAD mouse model. We recapitulated characteristic late AD phenotypes, such as increased Aβ secretion and Tau hyperphosphorylation, as well as previously well documented mitochondrial and synaptic deficits. Intriguingly, we identified Golgi fragmentation as one of the earliest AD phenotypes, indicating potential impairments in protein processing and post-translational modifications. Computational analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed differentially expressed genes involved in glycosylation and glycan patterns, whilst total glycan profiling revealed minor glycosylation differences. This indicates general robustness of glycosylation besides the observed fragmented morphology. Importantly, we identified that genetic variants in Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) associated with AD could aggravate the Golgi fragmentation and subsequent glycosylation changes. In summary, we identified Golgi fragmentation as one of the earliest disease phenotypes in AD neurons in various in vivo and in vitro complementary disease models, which can be exacerbated via additional risk variants in SORL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Veerendra P Gadekar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pia Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Schiønning
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sarah Vallin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Poon
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Carlota Pires
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Fawzi Khoder Agha
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Tolstrup Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Erik Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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10
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Ameen AO, Freude K, Aldana BI. Fats, Friends or Foes: Investigating the Role of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2778. [PMID: 36359298 PMCID: PMC9687972 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterising Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a metabolic disorder of the brain is gaining acceptance based on the pathophysiological commonalities between AD and major metabolic disorders. Therefore, metabolic interventions have been explored as a strategy for brain energetic rescue. Amongst these, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) supplementations have been reported to rescue the energetic failure in brain cells as well as the cognitive decline in patients. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have also been implicated in AD pathology. Due to the increasing therapeutic interest in metabolic interventions and brain energetic rescue in neurodegenerative disorders, in this review, we first summarise the role of SCFAs and MCFAs in AD. We provide a comparison of the main findings regarding these lipid species in established AD animal models and recently developed human cell-based models of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat O. Ameen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I. Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Chandrasekaran A, Dittlau KS, Corsi GI, Haukedal H, Doncheva NT, Ramakrishna S, Ambardar S, Salcedo C, Schmidt SI, Zhang Y, Cirera S, Pihl M, Schmid B, Nielsen TT, Nielsen JE, Kolko M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A, Hyttel P, Palakodeti D, Gorodkin J, Muddashetty RS, Meyer M, Aldana BI, Freude KK. Astrocytic reactivity triggered by defective autophagy and metabolic failure causes neurotoxicity in frontotemporal dementia type 3. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2736-2751. [PMID: 34678206 PMCID: PMC8581052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia type 3 (FTD3), caused by a point mutation in the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B), affects mitochondrial ultrastructure and the endolysosomal pathway in neurons. To dissect the astrocyte-specific impact of mutant CHMP2B expression, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and confirmed our findings in CHMP2B mutant mice. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how defective autophagy causes perturbed mitochondrial dynamics with impaired glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species, and elongated mitochondrial morphology, indicating increased mitochondrial fusion in FTD3 astrocytes. This shift in astrocyte homeostasis triggers a reactive astrocyte phenotype and increased release of toxic cytokines, which accumulate in nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) pathway activation with increased production of CHF, LCN2, and C3 causing neurodegeneration. FTD3 iPSC-derived astrocytes display impaired autophagy Impaired autophagy affects mitochondria turnover, glucose hypometabolism and TCA cycle FTD3 astrocytes contribute to reactive gliosis by increased C3, LCN2, IL6, and IL8 Reactive astrocyte phenotypes are present in both in vitro and in vivo models
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sarayu Ramakrishna
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sissel I Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Maria Pihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | | | - Troels Tolstrup Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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12
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Andersen JV, Skotte NH, Christensen SK, Polli FS, Shabani M, Markussen KH, Haukedal H, Westi EW, Diaz-delCastillo M, Sun RC, Kohlmeier KA, Schousboe A, Gentry MS, Tanila H, Freude KK, Aldana BI, Mann M, Waagepetersen HS. Hippocampal disruptions of synaptic and astrocyte metabolism are primary events of early amyloid pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:954. [PMID: 34657143 PMCID: PMC8520528 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an unremitting neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and gradual decline in cognitive function. Changes in brain energy metabolism arise in the preclinical phase of AD, suggesting an important metabolic component of early AD pathology. Neurons and astrocytes function in close metabolic collaboration, which is essential for the recycling of neurotransmitters in the synapse. However, this crucial metabolic interplay during the early stages of AD development has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we provide an integrative analysis of cellular metabolism during the early stages of Aβ accumulation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Our electrophysiological examination revealed an increase in spontaneous excitatory signaling in the 5xFAD hippocampus. This hyperactive neuronal phenotype coincided with decreased hippocampal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism mapped by stable 13C isotope tracing. Particularly, reduced astrocyte TCA cycle activity and decreased glutamine synthesis led to hampered neuronal GABA synthesis in the 5xFAD hippocampus. In contrast, the cerebral cortex of 5xFAD mice displayed an elevated capacity for oxidative glucose metabolism, which may suggest a metabolic compensation in this brain region. We found limited changes when we explored the brain proteome and metabolome of the 5xFAD mice, supporting that the functional metabolic disturbances between neurons and astrocytes are early primary events in AD pathology. In addition, synaptic mitochondrial and glycolytic function was selectively impaired in the 5xFAD hippocampus, whereas non-synaptic mitochondrial function was maintained. These findings were supported by ultrastructural analyses demonstrating disruptions in mitochondrial morphology, particularly in the 5xFAD hippocampus. Collectively, our study reveals complex regional and cell-specific metabolic adaptations in the early stages of amyloid pathology, which may be fundamental for the progressing synaptic dysfunctions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip S Polli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Salcedo C, Andersen JV, Vinten KT, Pinborg LH, Waagepetersen HS, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Functional Metabolic Mapping Reveals Highly Active Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Astrocytes, Which Is Impaired in iPSC-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:736580. [PMID: 34603012 PMCID: PMC8484639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.736580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are important nitrogen donors for synthesis of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. The glutamate carbon skeleton originates from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate, while the amino group is derived from nitrogen donors such as the BCAAs. Disturbances in neurotransmitter homeostasis, mainly of glutamate, are strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The divergent BCAA metabolism in different cell types of the human brain is poorly understood, and so is the involvement of astrocytic and neuronal BCAA metabolism in AD. The goal of this study is to provide the first functional characterization of BCAA metabolism in human brain tissue and to investigate BCAA metabolism in AD pathophysiology using astrocytes and neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Mapping of BCAA metabolism was performed using mass spectrometry and enriched [15N] and [13C] isotopes of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in acutely isolated slices of surgically resected cerebral cortical tissue from human brain and in hiPSC-derived brain cells carrying mutations in either amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin-1 (PSEN-1). We revealed that both human astrocytes of acutely isolated cerebral cortical slices and hiPSC-derived astrocytes were capable of oxidatively metabolizing the carbon skeleton of BCAAs, particularly to support glutamine synthesis. Interestingly, hiPSC-derived astrocytes with APP and PSEN-1 mutations exhibited decreased amino acid synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate derived from leucine metabolism. These results clearly demonstrate that there is an active BCAA metabolism in human astrocytes, and that leucine metabolism is selectively impaired in astrocytes derived from the hiPSC models of AD. This impairment in astrocytic BCAA metabolism may contribute to neurotransmitter and energetic imbalances in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tore Vinten
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pinborg
- Epilepsy Clinic and Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Andersen JV, Westi EW, Jakobsen E, Urruticoechea N, Borges K, Aldana BI. Astrocyte metabolism of the medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid and decanoic acid promotes GABA synthesis in neurons via elevated glutamine supply. Mol Brain 2021; 14:132. [PMID: 34479615 PMCID: PMC8414667 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid (C8) and decanoic acid (C10) are gaining attention as beneficial brain fuels in several neurological disorders. The protective effects of C8 and C10 have been proposed to be driven by hepatic production of ketone bodies. However, plasma ketone levels correlates poorly with the cerebral effects of C8 and C10, suggesting that additional mechanism are in place. Here we investigated cellular C8 and C10 metabolism in the brain and explored how the protective effects of C8 and C10 may be linked to cellular metabolism. Using dynamic isotope labeling, with [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 as metabolic substrates, we show that both C8 and C10 are oxidatively metabolized in mouse brain slices. The 13C enrichment from metabolism of [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 was particularly prominent in glutamine, suggesting that C8 and C10 metabolism primarily occurs in astrocytes. This finding was corroborated in cultured astrocytes in which C8 increased the respiration linked to ATP production, whereas C10 elevated the mitochondrial proton leak. When C8 and C10 were provided together as metabolic substrates in brain slices, metabolism of C10 was predominant over that of C8. Furthermore, metabolism of both [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 was unaffected by etomoxir indicating that it is independent of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1). Finally, we show that inhibition of glutamine synthesis selectively reduced 13C accumulation in GABA from [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 metabolism in brain slices, demonstrating that the glutamine generated from astrocyte C8 and C10 metabolism is utilized for neuronal GABA synthesis. Collectively, the results show that cerebral C8 and C10 metabolism is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, which may serve as a protective metabolic mechanism of C8 and C10 supplementation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen E, Denmark.
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen E, Denmark
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen E, Denmark
| | - Nerea Urruticoechea
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen E, Denmark
| | - Karin Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen E, Denmark.
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15
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Jakobsen E, Andersen JV, Christensen SK, Siamka O, Larsen MR, Waagepetersen HS, Aldana BI, Bak LK. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylyl cyclase in astrocytes causes activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and induces breakdown of glycogen. Glia 2021; 69:2828-2844. [PMID: 34378239 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of astrocyte glycogen is key for processes such as synaptic plasticity and memory formation but the link between neuronal activity and glycogen breakdown is not fully known. Activation of cytosolic soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in astrocytes has been suggested to link neuronal depolarization and glycogen breakdown partly based on experiments employing pharmacological inhibition of sAC. However, several studies have revealed that sAC located within mitochondria is a central regulator of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, pharmacological sAC inhibition is likely to affect both cytosolic and mitochondrial sAC and if bioenergetic readouts are studied, the observed effects are likely to stem from inhibition of mitochondrial rather than cytosolic sAC. Here, we report that a pharmacologically induced inhibition of sAC activity lowers mitochondrial respiration, induces phosphorylation of the metabolic master switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreases glycogen stores in cultured primary murine astrocytes. From these data and our discussion of the literature, mitochondrial sAC emerges as a key regulator of astrocyte bioenergetics. Lastly, we discuss the challenges of investigating the functional and metabolic roles of cytosolic versus mitochondrial sAC in astrocytes employing the currently available pharmacological tool compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Siamka
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108719. [PMID: 34273389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Cellular homeostasis of glutamate is of paramount importance for normal brain function and relies on an intricate metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. Glutamate is extensively recycled between neurons and astrocytes in a process known as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. The recycling of glutamate is closely linked to brain energy metabolism and is essential to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, a considerable amount of glutamate is also metabolized and serves as a metabolic hub connecting glucose and amino acid metabolism in both neurons and astrocytes. Disruptions in glutamate clearance, leading to neuronal overstimulation and excitotoxicity, have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the link between brain energy homeostasis and glutamate metabolism is gaining attention in several neurological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamics of synaptic glutamate homeostasis and the underlying metabolic processes with a cellular focus on neurons and astrocytes. In particular, we review the recently discovered role of neuronal glutamate uptake in synaptic glutamate homeostasis and discuss current advances in cellular glutamate metabolism in the context of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Understanding the intricate regulation of glutamate-dependent metabolic processes at the synapse will not only increase our insight into the metabolic mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis, but may reveal new metabolic targets to ameliorate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Salcedo C, Wagner A, Andersen JV, Vinten KT, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Downregulation of GABA Transporter 3 (GAT3) is Associated with Deficient Oxidative GABA Metabolism in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2676-2686. [PMID: 33710537 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neurotransmitter homeostasis, primarily of glutamate and GABA, is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Homeostasis at the synapse is maintained by neurotransmitter recycling between neurons and astrocytes. Astrocytes support neuronal transmission through glutamine synthesis, which can be derived from oxidative metabolism of GABA. However, the precise implications of astrocytic GABA metabolism in AD remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate astrocytic GABA metabolism in AD pathology implementing human induced pluripotent stem cells derived astrocytes. Metabolic mapping of GABA was performed with [U-13C]GABA stable isotopic labeling using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Neurotransmitter and amino acid content was quantified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and protein expression was investigated by Western blot assay. Cell lines carrying mutations in either amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin1 (PSEN-1) were used as AD models and were compared to a control cell line of the same genetic background. AD astrocytes displayed a reduced oxidative GABA metabolism mediated by a decreased uptake capacity of GABA, as GABA transporter 3 (GAT3) was downregulated in AD astrocytes compared to the controls. Interestingly, the carbon backbone of GABA in AD astrocytes was utilized to a larger extent to support glutamine synthesis compared to control astrocytes. The results strongly indicate alterations in GABA uptake and metabolism in AD astrocytes linked to reduced GABA transporter expression, hereby contributing further to neurotransmitter disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonie Wagner
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Tore Vinten
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Andersen JV, Christensen SK, Westi EW, Diaz-delCastillo M, Tanila H, Schousboe A, Aldana BI, Waagepetersen HS. Deficient astrocyte metabolism impairs glutamine synthesis and neurotransmitter homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105198. [PMID: 33242587 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to cerebral accumulation of insoluble amyloid-β plaques causing synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Neurons rely on astrocyte-derived glutamine for replenishment of the amino acid neurotransmitter pools. Perturbations of astrocyte glutamine synthesis have been described in AD, but whether this functionally affects neuronal neurotransmitter synthesis is not known. Since the synthesis and recycling of neurotransmitter glutamate and GABA are intimately coupled to cellular metabolism, the aim of this study was to provide a functional investigation of neuronal and astrocytic energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in AD. To achieve this, we incubated acutely isolated cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices from 8-month-old female 5xFAD mice, in the presence of 13C isotopically enriched substrates, with subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A prominent neuronal hypometabolism of [U-13C]glucose was observed in the hippocampal slices of the 5xFAD mice. Investigating astrocyte metabolism, using [1,2-13C]acetate, revealed a marked reduction in glutamine synthesis, which directly hampered neuronal synthesis of GABA. This was supported by an increased metabolism of exogenously supplied [U-13C]glutamine, suggesting a neuronal metabolic compensation of the reduced astrocytic glutamine supply. In contrast, astrocytic metabolism of [U-13C]GABA was reduced, whereas [U-13C]glutamate metabolism was unaffected. Finally, astrocyte de novo synthesis of glutamate and glutamine was hampered, whereas the enzymatic capacity of glutamine synthetase for ammonia fixation was maintained. Collectively, we demonstrate that deficient astrocyte metabolism leads to reduced glutamine synthesis, directly impairing neuronal GABA synthesis in the 5xFAD brain. These findings suggest that astrocyte metabolic dysfunction may be fundamental for the imbalances of synaptic excitation and inhibition in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Hinca SB, Salcedo C, Wagner A, Goldeman C, Sadat E, Aibar MMD, Maechler P, Brodin B, Aldana BI, Helms HCC. Brain endothelial cells metabolize glutamate via glutamate dehydrogenase to replenish TCA-intermediates and produce ATP under hypoglycemic conditions. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1861-1875. [PMID: 33025588 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier participate in the regulation of glutamate concentrations in the brain interstitial fluid by taking up brain glutamate. However, endothelial glutamate metabolism has not been characterized, nor is its role in brain glutamate homeostasis and endothelial energy production known. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) expression and glutamate metabolism and probe its functional significance. The primary brain endothelial cells were isolated from bovine and mouse brains, and human brain endothelial cells were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. GDH expression on the protein level and GDH function were investigated in the model systems using western blotting, confocal microscopy, 13 C-glutamate metabolism, and Seahorse assay. In this study, it was shown that GDH was expressed in murine and bovine brain capillaries and in cultured primary mouse and bovine brain endothelial cells as well as in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. The endothelial GDH expression was confirmed in brain capillaries from mice carrying a central nervous system-specific GDH knockout. Endothelial cells from all tested species metabolized 13 C-glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, which subsequently entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle. Brain endothelial cells maintained mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, when supplied with glutamate alone, whereas glutamate supplied in addition to glucose did not lead to additional oxygen consumption. In conclusion, brain endothelial cells directly take up and metabolize glutamate and utilize the resulting α-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to ultimately yield ATP if glucose is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven B Hinca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonie Wagner
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Goldeman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edris Sadat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco M D Aibar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, CMU, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Birger Brodin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans C C Helms
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Møller SH, Mellergaard M, Madsen M, Bermejo AV, Jepsen SD, Hansen MH, Høgh RI, Aldana BI, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ, Sustarsic EG, Gerhart-Hines Z, Daskalaki E, Wheelock CE, Hiron TK, Lin D, O'Callaghan CA, Wandall HH, Andresen L, Skov S. Cytoplasmic Citrate Flux Modulates the Immune Stimulatory NKG2D Ligand MICA in Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1968. [PMID: 32849657 PMCID: PMC7431954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance of cancer cells is facilitated by the Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) receptor expressed by different lymphocyte subsets. It recognizes NKG2D ligands that are rarely expressed on healthy cells, but upregulated by tumorigenesis, presenting a target for immunological clearance. The molecular mechanisms responsible for NKG2D ligand regulation remain complex. Here we report that cancer cell metabolism supports constitutive surface expression of the NKG2D ligand MHC class I chain-related proteins A (MICA). Knockout of the N-glycosylation gene N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) in HEK293 cells induced altered metabolism and continuous high MICA surface expression. MGAT5 knockout cells were used to examine the association of cell metabolism and MICA expression through genetic, pharmacological and metabolic assays. Findings were verified in cancer cell lines. Cells with constitutive high MICA expression showed enhanced spare respiratory capacity and elevated mitochondrial efflux of citrate, determined by extracellular flux analysis and metabolomics. MICA expression was reduced by inhibitors of mitochondrial function, FCCP and etomoxir e.g., and depended on conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate by ATP citrate lyase, which was also observed in several cancer cell types. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis revealed that upregulated MICA transcription was associated with an open chromatin structure at the MICA transcription start site. We identify mitochondria and cytoplasmic citrate as key regulators of constitutive MICA expression and we propose that metabolic reprogramming of certain cancer cells facilitates MICA expression and NKG2D-mediated immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie H Møller
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Amaia V Bermejo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stine D Jepsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marie H Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke I Høgh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elahu G Sustarsic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Daskalaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Hiron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Andresen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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21
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Andersen JV, Jakobsen E, Westi EW, Lie MEK, Voss CM, Aldana BI, Schousboe A, Wellendorph P, Bak LK, Pinborg LH, Waagepetersen HS. Extensive astrocyte metabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) sustains glutamine synthesis in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Glia 2020; 68:2601-2612. [PMID: 32584476 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is closely linked to brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism. However, the extent of brain metabolism of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the relative metabolic contributions of neurons and astrocytes, are yet unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the functional significance of brain GABA metabolism using isolated mouse cerebral cortical slices and slices of neurosurgically resected neocortical human tissue of the temporal lobe. By using dynamic isotope labeling, with [15 N]GABA and [U-13 C]GABA as metabolic substrates, we show that both mouse and human brain slices exhibit a large capacity for GABA metabolism. Both the nitrogen and the carbon backbone of GABA strongly support glutamine synthesis, particularly in the human cerebral cortex, indicative of active astrocytic GABA metabolism. This was further substantiated by pharmacological inhibition of the primary astrocytic GABA transporter subtype 3 (GAT3), by (S)-SNAP-5114 or 1-benzyl-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2,3-dione (compound 34), leading to significant reductions in oxidative GABA carbon metabolism. Interestingly, this was not the case when tiagabine was used to specifically inhibit GAT1, which is predominantly found on neurons. Finally, we show that acute GABA exposure does not directly stimulate glycolytic activity nor oxidative metabolism in cultured astrocytes, but can be used as an additional substrate to enhance uncoupled respiration. These results clearly show that GABA is actively metabolized in astrocytes, particularly for the synthesis of glutamine, and challenge the current view that synaptic GABA homeostasis is maintained primarily by presynaptic recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria E K Lie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M Voss
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pinborg
- Epilepsy Clinic and Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Markussen KH, Andersen JV, Sun RC, Waagepetersen HS, Aldana BI, Gentry MS. Lafora Disease: Differential Metabolic Disturbances in Neurons and Astrocytes. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon C. Sun
- University of Kentucky
- Markey Cancer Center
- University of Kentucky Epilepsy Research Center
- University of Kentucky Epilepsy & Brain Metabolism Alliance
| | | | | | - Matthew S. Gentry
- University of Kentucky
- Markey Cancer Center
- University of Kentucky Epilepsy Research Center
- University of Kentucky Epilepsy & Brain Metabolism Alliance
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23
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Skotte NH, Andersen JV, Santos A, Aldana BI, Willert CW, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen ML. Integrative Characterization of the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease Reveals Dysfunctional Astrocyte Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2211-2224. [PMID: 29768217 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, where dysfunction and loss of striatal and cortical neurons are central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we integrated quantitative studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind HD pathology in a systems-wide manner. To this end, we used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry to establish a spatial brain proteome from late-stage R6/2 mice and compared this with wild-type littermates. We observed altered expression of proteins in pathways related to energy metabolism, synapse function, and neurotransmitter homeostasis. To support these findings, metabolic 13C labeling studies confirmed a compromised astrocytic metabolism and regulation of glutamate-GABA-glutamine cycling, resulting in impaired release of glutamine and GABA synthesis. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the role of astrocytes in HD, and our data support that therapeutic strategies to improve astrocytic glutamine homeostasis may help ameliorate symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels H Skotte
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie W Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Vohra R, Aldana BI, Waagepetersen H, Bergersen LH, Kolko M. Dual Properties of Lactate in Müller Cells: The Effect of GPR81 Activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:999-1008. [PMID: 30884529 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Besides being actively metabolized, lactate may also function as a signaling molecule by activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). Thus, we aimed to characterize the metabolic effects of GPR81 activation in Müller cells. Method Primary Müller cells from mice were treated with and without 10 mM L-lactate in the presence or absence of 6 mM glucose. The effects of lactate receptor GPR81 activation were evaluated by the addition of 5 mM 3,5-DHBA (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid), a GPR81 agonist. Western blot analyses were used to determine protein expression of GPR81. Cell survival was assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assays. Lactate release was quantified by commercially available lactate kits. 13C-labeling studies via mass spectroscopy and Seahorse analyses were performed to evaluate metabolism of lactate and glucose, and mitochondrial function. Finally, Müller cell function was evaluated by measuring glutamate uptake. Results The lactate receptor, GPR81, was upregulated during glucose deprivation. Treatment with a GPR81 agonist did not affect Müller cell survival. However, GPR81 activation diminished lactate release allowing lactate to be metabolized intracellularly. Furthermore, GPR81 activation increased metabolism of glucose and mitochondrial function. Finally, maximal glutamate uptake decreased in response to GPR81 activation during glucose deprivation. Conclusions The present study revealed dual properties of lactate via functioning as an active metabolic energy substrate and a regulatory molecule by activation of the GPR81 receptor in primary Müller cells. Thus, combinational therapy of lactate and GPR81 agonists may be of future interest in maintaining Müller cell survival, ultimately leading to increased resistance toward retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andersen JV, Skotte NH, Aldana BI, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS. Enhanced cerebral branched-chain amino acid metabolism in R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2449-2461. [PMID: 30830240 PMCID: PMC11105563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and fatal disease causing profound neurodegeneration. Deficits in cerebral energy and neurotransmitter metabolism have been suggested to play a central role in the neuronal dysfunction and death associated with HD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are important for cerebral nitrogen homeostasis, neurotransmitter recycling and can be utilized as energy substrates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Reduced levels of BCAAs in HD have been validated by several reports. However, it is still unknown how cerebral BCAA metabolism is regulated in HD. Here we investigate the metabolism of leucine and isoleucine in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Acutely isolated cerebral cortical and striatal slices of control and R6/2 mice were incubated in media containing 15N- or 13C-labeled leucine or isoleucine and slice extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine isotopic enrichment of derived metabolites. Elevated BCAA transamination was found from incubations with [15N]leucine and [15N]isoleucine, in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice compared to controls. Metabolism of [U-13C]leucine and [U-13C]isoleucine, entering oxidative metabolism as acetyl CoA, was maintained in R6/2 mice. However, metabolism of [U-13C]isoleucine, entering the TCA cycle as succinyl CoA, was elevated in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice, suggesting enhanced metabolic flux via this anaplerotic pathway. To support the metabolic studies, expression of enzymes in the BCAA metabolic pathway was assessed from a proteomic resource. Several enzymes related to BCAA metabolism were found to exhibit augmented expression in the R6/2 brain, particularly related to isoleucine metabolism, suggesting an increase in the BCAA metabolic machinery. Our results show that the capacity for cerebral BCAA metabolism, predominantly of isoleucine, is amplified in the R6/2 brain and indicates that perturbations in cerebral BCAA homeostasis could have functional consequences for HD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
The high energetic demand of the brain deems this organ rather sensitive to changes in energy supply. Therefore, even minor alterations in energy metabolism may underlie detrimental disturbances in brain function, contributing to the generation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Considerable evidence supports the key role of deficits in cerebral energy metabolism, particularly hypometabolism of glucose and mitochondrial dysfunction, in the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Major breakthroughs in the field of bioenergetics and neurodegeneration have been achieved through the use of in vitro and in vivo models of disease as well as sophisticated neuroimaging techniques in patients, yet these have been mainly focused on neuron and astrocyte function. Remarkably, the subcellular metabolic mechanisms linked to neurodegeneration that operate in other crucial brain cell types such as microglia have remain obscured, although they are beginning to be unraveled. Microglia, the brain-resident immune sentinels, perform a diverse range of functions that require a high-energy expenditure, namely, their role in brain development, maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury and infection, and activation of repair programs. Interestingly, another key mechanism underlying several neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation, which can be associated with chronic microglia activation. Considering that many brain disorders are accompanied by changes in brain energy metabolism and sustained inflammation, and that energy metabolism has a strong influence on the inflammatory responses of microglia, the emerging significance of microglial energy metabolism in neurodegeneration is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Andersen JV, Jakobsen E, Waagepetersen HS, Aldana BI. Distinct differences in rates of oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis of regionally isolated non-synaptic mouse brain mitochondria. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:961-974. [PMID: 30675904 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. The distribution and efficiency of mitochondria display large heterogeneity throughout the regions of the brain. This may imply that the selective regional susceptibility of neurodegenerative diseases could be mediated through inherent differences in regional mitochondrial function. To investigate regional cerebral mitochondrial energetics, the rates of oxygen consumption and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis were assessed in isolated non-synaptic mitochondria of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of the male mouse brain. Oxygen consumption rates were assessed using a Seahorse XFe96 analyzer and ATP synthesis rates were determined by an online luciferin-luciferase coupled luminescence assay. Complex I- and complex II-driven respiration and ATP synthesis, were investigated by applying pyruvate in combination with malate, or succinate, as respiratory substrates, respectively. Hippocampal mitochondria exhibited the lowest basal and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated rate of oxygen consumption when provided pyruvate and malate. However, hippocampal mitochondria also exhibited an increased proton leak and an elevated relative rate of oxygen consumption in response to the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), showing a large capacity for uncoupled respiration in the presence of pyruvate. When the complex II-linked substrate succinate was provided, striatal mitochondria exhibited the highest respiration and ATP synthesis rate, whereas hippocampal mitochondria had the lowest. However, the mitochondrial efficiency, determined as ATP produced/O2 consumed, was similar between the three regions. This study reveals inherent differences in regional mitochondrial energetics and may serve as a tool for further investigations of regional mitochondrial function in relation to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Eichenlaub T, Villadsen R, Freitas FCP, Andrejeva D, Aldana BI, Nguyen HT, Petersen OW, Gorodkin J, Herranz H, Cohen SM. Warburg Effect Metabolism Drives Neoplasia in a Drosophila Genetic Model of Epithelial Cancer. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3220-3228.e6. [PMID: 30293715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancers develop in a complex mutational landscape. Genetic models of tumor formation have been used to explore how combinations of mutations cooperate to promote tumor formation in vivo. Here, we identify lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a key enzyme in Warburg effect metabolism, as a cooperating factor that is both necessary and sufficient for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven epithelial neoplasia and metastasis in a Drosophila model. LDH is upregulated during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia, and neoplasia is prevented by LDH depletion. Elevated LDH is sufficient to drive this transition. Notably, genetic alterations that increase glucose flux, or a high-sugar diet, are also sufficient to promote EGFR-driven neoplasia, and this depends on LDH activity. We provide evidence that increased LDHA expression promotes a transformed phenotype in a human primary breast cell culture model. Furthermore, analysis of publically available cancer data showed evidence of synergy between elevated EGFR and LDHA activity linked to poor clinical outcome in a number of human cancers. Altered metabolism has generally been assumed to be an enabling feature that accelerates cancer cell proliferation. Our findings provide evidence that sugar metabolism may have a more profound role in driving neoplasia than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Eichenlaub
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Flávia C P Freitas
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 61, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Diana Andrejeva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hung Than Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 61, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Héctor Herranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark.
| | - Stephen M Cohen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark.
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Helms HC, Aldana BI, Groth S, Jensen MM, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B. Characterization of the L-glutamate clearance pathways across the blood-brain barrier and the effect of astrocytes in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3744-3758. [PMID: 28145808 PMCID: PMC5718321 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17690760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to characterize the clearance pathways for L-glutamate from the brain interstitial fluid across the blood-brain barrier using a primary in vitro bovine endothelial/rat astrocyte co-culture. Transporter profiling was performed using uptake studies of radiolabeled L-glutamate with co-application of transporter inhibitors and competing amino acids. Endothelial abluminal L-glutamate uptake was almost abolished by co-application of an EAAT-1 specific inhibitor, whereas luminal uptake was inhibited by L-glutamate and L-aspartate (1 mM). L-glutamate uptake followed Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics with high and low affinity at the abluminal and luminal membrane, respectively. This indicated that L-glutamate is taken up via EAAT-1 at the abluminal membrane and exits at the luminal membrane via a low affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter. Metabolism of L-glutamate and transport of metabolites was examined using [U-13C] L-glutamate. Intact L-glutamate and metabolites derived from oxidative metabolism were transported through the endothelial cells. High amounts of L-glutamate-derived lactate in the luminal medium indicated cataplerosis via malic enzyme. Thus, L-glutamate can be transported intact from brain to blood via the concerted action of abluminal and luminal transport proteins, but the total brain clearance is highly dependent on metabolism in astrocytes and endothelial cells followed by transport of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Cc Helms
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- 2 Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Groth
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten M Jensen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- 2 Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten U Nielsen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Birger Brodin
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aldana BI, Zhang Y, Lihme MF, Bak LK, Nielsen JE, Holst B, Hyttel P, Freude KK, Waagepetersen HS. Characterization of energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in cortical glutamatergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel approach to study metabolism in human neurons. Neurochem Int 2017; 106:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Aldana BI, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, White HS, Bulaj G, Walls AB. The novel anticonvulsant neuropeptide and galanin analogue, NAX-5055, does not alter energy and amino acid metabolism in cultured brain cells. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2286-2296. [PMID: 28397993 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that the neuropeptide galanin plays an important role in seizure control. In line with this, it was demonstrated that the galanin analogue, NAX-5055, exerts a potent anticonvulsant activity in animal seizure models. We recently found that the NAX-5055-mediated anticonvulsant action involves modulation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Since homeostasis of neurotransmitters and cerebral energy metabolism are intimately linked, it was investigated whether the effects of NAX-5055 on neurotransmission involve changes in energy metabolism and in particular glucose- and amino acid metabolism. With this aim, cultured neurons from mouse brain were incubated with [U-13 C]glucose in absence or presence of NAX-5055. Since effects of NAX-5055 on neurotransmission were detected during repetitive stimulation, we tested potential metabolic effects while mimicking repetitive bursts of neurotransmitter release as occurring in the intact brain. The metabolic pathways were mapped using gas-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry. We found that NAX-5055 does not modify glucose metabolism in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, the effect of NAX-5055 on astrocyte-neuron metabolic interactions was investigated by incubating co-cultures of astrocytes and either glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons with [U-13 C]glucose or the glial-selective substrate [1,2-13 C]acetate, with or without NAX-5055. In the presence of NAX-5055, no changes in the metabolic landscape were traced. The findings suggest that the anticonvulsant action of NAX-5055 and the accompanying changes in neurotransmission do not involve alterations in energy and amino acid metabolism. Hence, NAX-5055 appears to be an anti-seizure drug candidate displaying no unwanted side effects concerning brain energy and amino acid homeostasis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Steve White
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- University of Utah, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anne B Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Schmid B, Nikolaisen NK, Rasmussen MA, Aldana BI, Agger M, Calloe K, Stummann TC, Larsen HM, Nielsen TT, Huang J, Xu F, Liu X, Bolund L, Meyer M, Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS, Luo Y, Nielsen JE, Holst B, Clausen C, Hyttel P, Freude KK. Patient iPSC-Derived Neurons for Disease Modeling of Frontotemporal Dementia with Mutation in CHMP2B. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:648-658. [PMID: 28216144 PMCID: PMC5355623 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The truncated mutant form of the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) is causative for frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 3 (FTD3). CHMP2B is a constituent of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and, when mutated, disrupts endosome-to-lysosome trafficking and substrate degradation. To understand the underlying molecular pathology, FTD3 patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated into forebrain-type cortical neurons. FTD3 neurons exhibited abnormal endosomes, as previously shown in patients. Moreover, mitochondria of FTD3 neurons displayed defective cristae formation, accompanied by deficiencies in mitochondrial respiration and increased levels of reactive oxygen. In addition, we provide evidence for perturbed iron homeostasis, presenting an in vitro patient-specific model to study the effects of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases. All phenotypes observed in FTD3 neurons were rescued in CRISPR/Cas9-edited isogenic controls. These findings illustrate the relevance of our patient-specific in vitro models and open up possibilities for drug target development. FTD3 neurons show abnormalities in endosomes and mitochondria Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease core genes are altered in FTD3 neurons Iron homeostasis is perturbed in FTD3 neurons Impairments in FTD3 neurons are rescued in CRISPR/Cas9-edited isogenic controls
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Nanett K Nikolaisen
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Blanca I Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Agger
- Stem Cell and Developmental Neurobiology Group, Department of Neurobiology Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Calloe
- The Physiology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Hjalte M Larsen
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Troels T Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinrong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengping Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Stem Cell and Developmental Neurobiology Group, Department of Neurobiology Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Neurometabolism Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Poul Hyttel
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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McNair LF, Kornfelt R, Walls AB, Andersen JV, Aldana BI, Nissen JD, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS. Metabolic Characterization of Acutely Isolated Hippocampal and Cerebral Cortical Slices Using [U-13C]Glucose and [1,2-13C]Acetate as Substrates. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:810-826. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Andersen JV, Christensen SK, Aldana BI, Nissen JD, Tanila H, Waagepetersen HS. Alterations in Cerebral Cortical Glucose and Glutamine Metabolism Precedes Amyloid Plaques in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1589-1598. [PMID: 27686658 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in brain energy metabolism have been suggested to be of fundamental importance for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, specific changes in brain energetics in the early stages of AD are poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate cerebral energy metabolism in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mouse prior to amyloid plaque formation. Acutely isolated cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices of 3-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 and wild-type control mice were incubated in media containing [U-13C]glucose, [1,2-13C]acetate or [U-13C]glutamine, and tissue extracts were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The ATP synthesis rate of isolated whole-brain mitochondria was assessed by an on-line luciferin-luciferase assay. Significantly increased 13C labeling of intracellular lactate and alanine and decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity were observed from cerebral cortical slices of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice incubated in media containing [U-13C]glucose. No changes in glial [1,2-13C]acetate metabolism were observed. Cerebral cortical slices from APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice exhibited a reduced capacity for uptake and oxidative metabolism of glutamine. Furthermore, the ATP synthesis rate tended to be decreased in isolated whole-brain mitochondria of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. Thus, several cerebral metabolic changes are evident in the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mouse prior to amyloid plaque deposition, including altered glucose metabolism, hampered glutamine processing and mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob D Nissen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sitges M, Gómez CD, Aldana BI. Sertraline reduces IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression and overcomes their rise induced by seizures in the rat hippocampus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111665. [PMID: 25364907 PMCID: PMC4218797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered that the antidepressant sertraline is an effective inhibitor of hippocampus presynaptic Na+ channel permeability invitro and of tonic-clonic seizures in animals invivo. Several studies indicate that the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system are increased in epilepsy and depression. On the other hand inhibition of Na+ channels has been shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia. Therefore, the possibility that sertraline could overcome the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by seizures has been investigated. For this purpose, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR in the hippocampus of rats administered once, or for seven consecutive days with sertraline at a low dose (0.75 mg/kg). The effect of sertraline at doses within the range of 0.75 to 25 mg/kg on the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression accompanying generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression induced by lipopolysaccharide was also investigated. We found that under basal conditions, a single 0.75 mg/kg sertraline dose decreased IL-1β mRNA expression, and also TNF-α expression after repeated doses. The increase in IL-1β and TNF-α expression induced by the convulsive agents and by the inoculation of lipopolysaccharide in the hippocampus was markedly reduced by sertraline also. Present results indicate that a reduction of brain inflammatory processes may contribute to the anti-seizure sertraline action, and that sertraline can be safely and successfully used at low doses to treat depression in epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sitges
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos D. Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Blanca I. Aldana
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
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Sitges M, Aldana BI, Gómez CD, Nekrassov V. The antidepressant sertraline prevents the behavioral and EEG changes induced in two animal models of seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:511-6. [PMID: 23153716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate a potential anticonvulsive action of sertraline (i.p.), its effects on seizures, EEG epileptiform activity and EEG amplitude increases induced by two convulsive agents were evaluated and compared with the effects of carbamazepine. Around 20 min following 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), tonic-clonic seizures and epileptiform activity were observed in control animals. A single sertraline pre-injection of 2.5 mg/kg, but not of 0.75 mg/kg, prevented these changes to 4-AP. Repeated daily administration of 0.75 mg/kg for one week, however, effectively inhibited the changes induced by 4-AP. The first generalized tonic-clonic seizure and EEG changes in response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) were observed near the first minute in control animals. Single sertraline doses above 5 mg/kg prevented the PTZ-induced changes. Moreover, a single carbamazepine dose of 25 mg/kg (i.p.), but not of 15 mg/kg, prevented the changes induced by the above convulsive agents. An anti-seizure action of the antidepressant sertraline is strongly suggested by these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sitges
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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Abstract
In the present study, a possible sertraline action on cerebral pre-synaptic Na(+) channels was investigated. For this purpose, the effect of sertraline on responses induced by the Na(+) channel opener, veratridine, namely the increase in Na(+) and in neurotransmitter release in hippocampus-isolated nerve endings was investigated. Results show that sertraline in the low μM range (1.5-25 μM) progressively inhibits the rise in Na(+) and the release of pre-loaded [(3) H]Glu as well as the release of endogenous 5-HT, Glu and GABA (detected by HPLC) induced by veratridine depolarization either under external Ca(2+) -free conditions or in the presence of external Ca(2+) . In addition, under non-depolarized conditions, sertraline (25 μM) increased the external concentration of 5-HT at expense of its internal concentration, and unchanged the external and internal concentrations of the amino acid neurotransmitters and of the 5-HT main metabolite, 5-HIAA. This result is consistent with the sertraline inhibitory action of the serotonin transporter. However, sertraline is unlikely to inhibit pre-synaptic Na(+) channels permeability by increasing external 5-HT. Because 5-HT in a wide concentration range (1-1000 μM) did not change the veratridine-induced increase in Na(+) . In summary, present findings demonstrate that besides the inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, sertraline is an effective inhibitor of pre-synaptic Na(+) channels controlling neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Aldana
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F., México
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