1
|
Jordao H, Herink K, Ka E, McVicker L, Kearns C, McMenamin ÚC. Pre-eclampsia during pregnancy and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37173714 PMCID: PMC10182685 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia may be associated with the development of endometrial cancer; however, previous findings have been conflicting. OBJECTIVES To investigate if pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. METHOD Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts of studies identified in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception until March 2022. Studies were included if they investigated pre-eclampsia and subsequent risk of endometrial cancer (or precursor lesions). Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between pre-eclampsia during pregnancy and endometrial cancer risk. MAIN RESULTS There were seven articles identified which investigated endometrial cancer, of which one also investigated endometrial cancer precursors. Overall, the studies include 11,724 endometrial cancer cases. No association was observed between pre-eclampsia and risk of endometrial cancer with moderate heterogeneity observed (pooled HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.79-1.46, I2 = 34.1%). In sensitivity analysis investigating risk of endometrial neoplasia (atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, or cancer), there was some evidence that pre-eclampsia was associated with an increased risk (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.57, I2 = 29.6%). CONCLUSIONS Pre-eclampsia was not associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Additional large studies with information on pre-eclampsia sub-type aiming to investigate endometrial cancer precursor conditions are merited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jordao
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
| | - K Herink
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Eastwood Ka
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
- Department of St. Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - L McVicker
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - C Kearns
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Ú C McMenamin
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences-B Building, Royal Victoria Hospital site, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kearns C, Taylor G, Oberoi S, Mertz E. Dominant Power and the Concept of Caste: Implications for Dentistry and Oral Health Inequality. Community Dent Health 2022; 39:137-142. [PMID: 35543466 PMCID: PMC9156562 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_iadr22kearns06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the issues of caste and casteism in the U.S. as described by Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Isabel Wilkerson in her 2020 book "Caste: The Origin of Our Discontents". Wilkerson argues that a caste system not only exists in the U.S. but operates as a hidden force affecting social inequality. The paper draws on Wilkerson's work to explore caste as an analytical concept. It begins by defining caste and casteism in contrast with racism, the eight pillars of a caste system, the consequences of casteism, and the psychological drivers of casteism. The paper then applies to concept of caste to understanding power, dentistry, and oral health inequality. The paper concludes by emphasizing that the concept of caste and its relationship to oral health inequality must be understood it if we want to create real social change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kearns
- University of California, San Francisco
| | - G Taylor
- University of California, San Francisco
| | - S Oberoi
- University of California, San Francisco
| | - E Mertz
- University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jamieson L, Kearns C, Ankeny R, Hedges J, Thomson WM. Neoliberalism and Indigenous oral health inequalities: a global perspective. Community Dent Health 2021; 38:44-47. [PMID: 33507648 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00159jamieson04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neoliberalism is the dominant ideology underpinning the operation of many governments. Its tenets include policies of economic liberalization such as privatization, deregulation, free trade and reduced public expenditures on infrastructure and social services. Champions of neoliberalism claim that expansion of global trade has rescued millions from abject poverty and that direct foreign investment successfully transfers technology to developing economies. However, critics have urged governments to pay greater attention to how neoliberalism shapes population health. Indigenous populations experience inequalities in ways that are unique and distinct from the experiences of other marginalised groups. This is largely due to colonial influences that have resulted in sustained loss of lands, identity, languages and the control to live life in a traditional, cultural way that is meaningful. Oral health is simultaneously a reflection of material circumstances, structural inequities and access to health services. Indigenous populations carry a disproportionate burden of oral health inequalities at a global level. In this commentary, we contend that neoliberalism has overwhelmingly contributed to these inequities in three ways: (1) increased dominance of transnational corporations; (2) privatization of health and; (3) the neoliberal emphasis on personal responsibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jamieson
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Kearns
- School of Dentistry, UCSF, United States
| | - R Ankeny
- School of Humanities, History Department, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Hedges
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - W M Thomson
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kearns C, Burke A, Gallagher W, Kelly C. Patient-informed learning to assist development of personalised treatment care plans for breast cancer patients and survivors. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Watt R, Daly B, Allison P, Macpherson L, Venturelli R, Listl S, Weyant R, Mathur M, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Celeste R, Peres M, Kearns C, Benzian H. The Lancet Oral Health Series: Implications for Oral and Dental Research. J Dent Res 2019; 99:8-10. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519889050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.G. Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - B. Daly
- Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P. Allison
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - L.M.D. Macpherson
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. Venturelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - S. Listl
- Department of Dentistry–Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Section for Translational Health Economics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R.J. Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M.R. Mathur
- Public Health Foundation of India, Institutional Area Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - C.C. Guarnizo-Herreño
- Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R.K. Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M.A. Peres
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - C. Kearns
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H. Benzian
- WHO Collaborating Center Evidence-based Dentistry and Quality Improvement, College of Global Public Health and College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Porcu P, Haverkos B, Brem E, Vallurupalli A, Feldman T, Alpdogan O, Brammer J, Bryan L, Barta S, Schriefer A, Obrzut S, Shen H, Rochford R, Baiocchi R, Casper C, Gutheil J, Melink T, Kearns C, Burner D, McRae R, Daniels P, Warren M, Woody J, Royston I, Faller D. A PHASE 1B/2 STUDY OF ORAL NANATINOSTAT (N) AND VALGANCICLOVIR (VG) IN SUBJECTS WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMAS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.148_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Porcu
- Medical Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia United States
| | - B. Haverkos
- Hematology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora United States
| | - E. Brem
- Hematology/Oncology; University of California Irvine; Orange United States
| | - A. Vallurupalli
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City United States
| | - T. Feldman
- Hematology & Oncology; John Theurer Cancer Center; Hackensack United States
| | - O. Alpdogan
- Medical Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia United States
| | - J. Brammer
- Hematology; Ohio State University; Columbus United States
| | - L.J. Bryan
- Oncology; Augusta University; Augusta United States
| | - S. Barta
- Hematology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia United States
| | - A. Schriefer
- Oncologia; Clinica Cehon; Canela Salvador Brazil
| | - S. Obrzut
- Radiology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla United States
| | - H. Shen
- Microbiology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia United States
| | - R. Rochford
- Immunology & Microbiology; University of Colorado; Aurora United States
| | - R. Baiocchi
- Hematology; Ohio State University; Columbus United States
| | - C. Casper
- Research; Infectious Disease Research Institute; Seattle United States
| | - J. Gutheil
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - T. Melink
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - C. Kearns
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - D. Burner
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - R. McRae
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | - P. Daniels
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | | | - J. Woody
- Latterell Venture Partners; San Francisco United States
| | - I. Royston
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | - D. Faller
- Hematology & Medical Oncology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Kearns
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. .,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - L Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - D Apollonio
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - S Glantz
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA.,Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arkoulis N, Kearns C, Deeny M, Telfer J. The interdigitating Y-plasty procedure for the correction of transverse vaginal septa. BJOG 2016; 124:331-335. [PMID: 27457120 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transverse vaginal septa are rare congenital abnormalities of the female genital tract, the surgical management of which is hardly described in the literature. While thicker septa might require complex reconstructive surgery, this paper proposes a simple technique for the surgical management of thin septa, utilising two interdigitating Y-plasties, without the need for excision of any septal tissue. The authors also present their series of eight consecutive cases where this technique was used, with no major complications or any cases of vaginal re-stenosis. This technique can also be used in imperforate hymen correction, therefore it might also be of interest to the general gynaecologist. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Interdigitating Y-plasties in transverse vaginal septa: presentation of a new technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Arkoulis
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Kearns
- The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Deeny
- Department of Gynaecology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jrc Telfer
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, Kearns C, McGonagle E, Appel B. Elucidation of the mechanism of disease in DYNC1H1-associated motor neuron disease and potential therapeutic targets. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Sergeant ESG, Marshall DJ, Eamens GJ, Kearns C, Whittington RJ. Evaluation of an absorbed ELISA and an agar-gel immuno-diffusion test for ovine paratuberculosis in sheep in Australia. Prev Vet Med 2003; 61:235-48. [PMID: 14623409 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivities and specificities of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an agar-gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) test for the detection of Johne's disease in sheep were estimated using data from six known infected and 12 assumed uninfected sheep flocks. Sensitivities were estimated for all histologically positive sheep, as well as by histological lesion score, lesion type (paucibacillary or multibacillary) and sheep body-condition score, with ELISA sensitivities estimated at 95 and 99% specificity. Logistic-regression analysis was used to test for significant effects of lesion score and condition score, with flock included in the model as a random effect. Estimated specificities were 95% (95% CI: 93.4, 95.6%) and 99% (98.4, 99.4%) for ELISA cut-point ratios of 2.4 and 3.6, respectively, and 100% (99.7, 100.0%) for the AGID. Estimated sensitivities for all infected sheep were 41.5% (35.0, 48.3%), 21.9% (16.6, 27.9%) and 24.6% (19.1, 30.7%) for ELISA cut-point ratios of 2.4 and 3.6 and for AGID, respectively. Sensitivities of all tests and cut-points varied significantly between flocks and between categories of lesion score and condition score. Sensitivity ranged from 25 to 73, 10 to 47 and 9.2 to 63% between flocks, for the ELISA with cut-points of 2.4 and 3.6, and for the AGID, respectively. Sensitivity was highest in thin sheep and in sheep with multibacillary lesions. The effects of lesion type and condition score on test sensitivity were significant in the logistic regressions for the AGID and ELISA at both cut-points and the flock effect was significant for the AGID but not for the ELISA at either cut-point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S G Sergeant
- AusVet Animal Health Services, 69 Turner Crescent, NSW 2800, Orange, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Edge CJ, Hyman N, Addy V, Anslow P, Kearns C, Stacey R, Waldmann C. Posterior spinal ligament rupture associated with laryngeal mask insertion in a patient with undisclosed unstable cervical spine. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:514-7. [PMID: 12402735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of posterior spinal ligament rupture associated with a general anaesthetic for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported. The role of the general anaesthetic in this case is discussed and a review of the literature is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Edge
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Edge C, Hyman N, Addy V, Anslow P, Kearns C, Stacey R, Waldmann C. Posterior spinal ligament rupture associated with laryngeal mask insertion in a patient with undisclosed unstable cervical spine. Br J Anaesth 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/89.3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
13
|
Kearns C. Leveling the playing field for EMS services. Emerg Med Serv 2001; 30:25-7, 67. [PMID: 11212610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Pinellas County's emergency medical services system is a public utility model EMS system where as the purchaser of services, the EMS Authority can achieve the highest-quality, most cost-effective and most reliable EMS services. Pinellas County's use of an absolute level-playing-field, non-political bidding process that isolated quality and pricing issues has raised the bar for government purchasing. The entire EMS industry has seen how contract services can be evaluated fairly, in a non-political atmosphere, for the betterment of the citizens of the community. Our EMS Authority voted to award the contract to the best overall proposal based on fact and merit. The new agreement allows us to provide significantly improved paramedic ambulance services to our citizens at a substantial cost reduction to the county.
Collapse
|
14
|
Whittington RJ, Reddacliff LA, Marsh I, Kearns C, Zupanovic Z, Callinan RB. Further observations on the epidemiology and spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southeastern Australia and a recommended sampling strategy for surveillance. Dis Aquat Organ 1999; 35:125-130. [PMID: 10092975 DOI: 10.3354/dao035125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) is an iridovirus confined to Australia and is known only from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and redfin perch Perca fluviatilis. Outbreaks of disease caused by EHNV in trout populations have invariably been of low severity, affecting only 0+ post-hatchery phase fingerlings < 125 mm in length. To date the virus has been demonstrated in very few live in-contact fish, and anti-EHNV antibodies have not been found in survivors of outbreaks, suggesting low infectivity but high case fatality rates in trout. During an on-going study on an endemically infected farm (Farm A) in the Murrumbidgee River catchment of southeastern New South Wales, EHNV infection was demonstrated in 4 to 6 wk old trout fingerlings in the hatchery as well as in 1+ to 2+ grower fish. During a separate investigation of mortalities in 1+ to 2+ trout on Farm B in the Shoalhaven River catchment in southeastern New South Wales, EHNV infection was demonstrated in both fingerlings and adult fish in association with nocardiosis. A 0.7% prevalence of antibodies against EHNV was detected by ELISA in the serum of grower fish at this time, providing the first evidence that EHNV might not kill all infected trout. EHNV infection on Farm B occurred after transfer of fingerlings from Farm C in the Murrumbidgee river catchment. When investigated, there were no obvious signs of diseases on Farm C. 'Routine' mortalities were collected over 10 d on Farm C and EHNV was detected in 2.1% of 190 fish. Tracing investigations of sources of supply of fingerlings to Farm B also led to investigation of Farm D in Victoria, where the prevalence of anti-EHNV antibodies in 3+ to 4+ fish was 1.3%. The results of this study indicate that EHNV may be found in trout in all age classes, need not be associated with clinically detectable disease in the population, can be transferred with shipments of live fish, can be detected in a small proportion of 'routine' mortalities and may be associated with specific antibodies in a small proportion of older fish. Sampling to detect EHNV for certification purposes should be based on examination of 'routine' mortalities rather than random samples of live fish. Antigen-capture ELISA can be used as a cost effective screening test to detect EHNV on a farm provided that sampling rates conform with statistical principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Whittington
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Sera from the amphibian Bufo marinus (cane or marine toad) were investigated using a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to ranaviruses (Family Iridoviridae). Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) or Bohle iridovirus (BIV) was affinity purified from cell culture supernatants and simultaneously bound to the solid phase using specific linker antibodies. After binding to antigen, antibodies in Bufo marinus serum were then detected with a specific anti-immunoglobulin reagent. Of 21 Bufo marinus sera, 3 contained antibodies against EHNV, BIV or related viruses in the ranavirus group, at titres greater than 3200. Reactivity of cane toad antibodies against BIV, an amphibian virus, was greater than that against similar concentrations of EHNV, a piscine virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Whittington
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herbst R, Skarin A, Bailey A, Kearns C, Leong T, DiBaccaro E, Sugarbaker O. 781 The prognosis of lung cancer in patients (pts) under age 40. Lung Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(97)80164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Whittington RJ, Kearns C, Hyatt AD, Hengstberger S, Rutzou T. Spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis) in southern Australia. Aust Vet J 1996; 73:112-4. [PMID: 8660213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Whittington
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aisner J, Belani CP, Kearns C, Conley B, Hiponia D, Engstrom C, Zuhowski E, Egorin MJ. Feasibility and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and concurrent radiotherapy for regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and for regionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 1995; 22:17-21. [PMID: 7481856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy offer considerable improvements in the care of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Improved survival for lung cancer and organ preservation in head and neck cancer have occurred with this approach, but local control remains a problem. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy can potentially improve both local control and control of micrometastases. We previously showed that concurrent carboplatin plus radiotherapy is a useful potential treatment for advanced NSCLC and SCCHN, producing good local control and acceptable toxicity. Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has recently demonstrated strong single-agent activity against both NSCLC and SCCHN. Paclitaxel has also shown favorable interactions with radiotherapy and with platinum compounds. We therefore added weekly paclitaxel at 45 mg/m2 given after premedication and before carboplatin (100 mg/m2) weekly during concurrent standard-dose radiotherapy. Twenty patients (seven with SCCHN and 13 with NSCLC) have been treated (38 and 73 weekly doses, respectively). Toxicities have been manageable with delay or dose reduction in five and eight patients, respectively, for SCCHN and NSCLC. Based on these toxicities paclitaxel dose has been reduced to 40 mg/m2/wk. Plasma pharmacokinetics have shown that concurrent carboplatin and radiotherapy do not alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel compared with single-agent data. Concurrent therapy with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and radiotherapy is feasible on this schedule. Further case accrual to assess efficacy is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aisner
- Medical Oncology Division, University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duffy C, Manninen P, Chan A, Kearns C. COMPARISON OF CEREBRAL OXIMETERY AND EVOKED POTENTIALS IN CAROTID ENDARTECTOMY. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00008506-199510000-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Rodman JH, Relling MV, Stewart CF, Synold TW, McLeod H, Kearns C, Stute N, Crom WR, Evans WE. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs in children. Semin Oncol 1993; 20:18-29. [PMID: 8475406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic variability in children with cancer is substantial and confounds drawing conclusions regarding optimal therapy based only on dose-response relationships. Careful pharmacokinetic studies performed during drug development in conjunction with an assessment of patient characteristics, such as age, renal and hepatic function, and concomitant therapy, is essential for defining those factors that may alter drug disposition. By integrating pharmacokinetic studies with measures of efficacy and toxicity, a pharmacodynamic framework can be established for guiding therapy to minimize differences in systemic exposure among subpopulations of patients (eg, impaired renal function and neonates). In selected instances when pharmacokinetic variability cannot be predicted by patient covariates, the potential for individualizing dosages based on patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters is now a clinically feasible option. The need for and benefits of incorporating such strategies into routine therapy represents an exciting area for further clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Rodman
- Pharmaceutical Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santana VM, Mirro J, Kearns C, Schell MJ, Crom W, Blakley RL. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine produces a high rate of complete hematologic remission in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:364-70. [PMID: 1346800 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1992.10.3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purine analog 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) was well tolerated and showed promising anti-leukemic activity in a phase I trial conducted at St Jude Children's Research Hospital. To substantiate and extend this result, we performed a phase II trial in a representative group of children and young adults with relapsed acute leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients (median age, 11 years) with acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia in first or later relapse (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], 17; acute lymphoid leukemia [ALL], seven) were given continuous infusion 2-CDA for 5 days at 8.9 mg/m2/d. Patients with residual blast cells 10 days after treatment received a second course of 2-CDA that was identical to the first. Detailed pharmacokinetic studies were performed on plasma collected from five patients. RESULTS Eight (47%) of the 17 patients with AML had complete hematologic remissions (four after the initial course of 2-CDA), and two (12%) had partial remissions, for a total response rate of 59%. Only one child with ALL achieved remission. Seven of the responding patients underwent allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation, with six remaining free of leukemia for a median of 7 months (range, 1 to 11 months). The major form of drug-induced toxicity was hematologic, with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (National Cancer Institute [NCI] grade 3 or 4) developing in 34 of the 36 courses of 2-CDA. In responding patients, the median times to recovery of neutrophil counts greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelet counts greater than 50 x 10(9)/L were 18 and 21 days, respectively. There were no deaths due to toxicity. The mean steady-state plasma concentration of 2-CDA was 34.6 nmol/L (range, 20 to 54 nmol/L). CONCLUSION 2-CDA given by prolonged continuous infusion has clinically significant activity against AML and merits further testing in multidrug regimens for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Santana
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|