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Ribeiro MG, Pereira TT, de Lima Paz PJ, de Almeida BO, Cerviño CSA, Rodrigues CA, Santos GTS, de Souza Freire LM, Portilho FVR, Filho MFÁ, Paschoal NR, Bello TS, Megid J, Langoni H, Appolinário CM, Borges AS, Amorim RM, Giuffrida R, de Oliveira Filho JP, Siqueira AK, Listoni FJP, Paes AC. Bacterial identification in cerebrospinal fluid of domestic species with neurologic signs: a retrospective case-series study in 136 animals (2005-2021). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:449-457. [PMID: 36571673 PMCID: PMC9944471 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections comprise life-threatening clinical conditions in domestic species, and are commonly related to severe sequelae, disability, or high fatality rates. A set of bacterial pathogens have been identified in central nervous infections in livestock and companion animals, although the most of descriptions are restricted to case reports and a lack of comprehensive studies involving CNS-related bacterial infections have been focused on a great number of domestic species. In this scenario, we retrospectively investigated selected epidemiological data, clinical findings, bacteriological culture, and in vitro susceptibility patterns of 136 nonrepetitive neurologic cases in domestic species (2005-2021). Bacterial isolates were recovered from 25% (34/136) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampled. The isolates were obtained from cattle (9/136 = 6.6%), dogs (7/136 = 5.1%), horses (6/136 = 4.4%), goats (3/136 = 2.2%), pigs (3/136 = 2.2%), sheep (3/136 = 2.2%), cats (2/136 = 1.5%), and asinine (1/136 = 0.7%). Among animals with bacterial isolation, Staphylococcus aureus (6/34 = 17.6%), Escherichia coli (5/34 = 14.7%), Staphylococcus beta-hemolytic (5/34 = 14.7%), and Trueperella pyogenes (3/34 = 8.8%) were predominant, in addition to a miscellaneous of other bacteria isolated in minor frequency, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Enterobacter cloacae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. In vitro susceptibility tests of isolates revealed that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (11/13 = 84.6%), cephalexin (9/11 = 81.8%), and florfenicol (9/12 = 75%) were the most effective antimicrobials. Conversely, isolates exhibited resistance mainly to tetracycline (6/10 = 60%), penicillin (6/11 = 54.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (5/11 = 45.5%). Also, multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 classes of antimicrobials was found in 23.5% (8/34) strains. Data relative to the outcome was available in 79.4% (27/34) of animals that had bacterial isolation, and from these, the lethality rate was 92.6% (25/27). Incoordination (14/34 = 41.2%), recumbency (11/34 = 32.4%), apathy (10/34 = 29.4%), anorexia (9/34 = 26.5%), blindness (7/34 = 20.6%), seizure (6/34 = 17.6%), limb paresis (5/34 = 14.7%), head-pressing (4/34 = 11.8%), and nystagmus (3/34 = 8.8%) were the most frequent clinical signs. A variety of bacterial pathogens were identified in the CSF of domestic species showing neurologic signs, with a predominance of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterobacteria. High lethality of cases, poor in vitro efficacy of conventional antimicrobials, and a high in vitro multidrug resistance pattern of isolates were seen. Our results contribute to etiological characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and clinical-epidemiological findings of bacterial infections in domestic species with neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Tourinho Pereira
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrik Júnior de Lima Paz
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Oliveira de Almeida
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen S Araújo Cerviño
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Aparecida Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Terra Sartori Santos
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria de Souza Freire
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vinicius Ramos Portilho
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fagali Árabe Filho
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Rodrigues Paschoal
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Spessotto Bello
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jane Megid
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Michele Appolinário
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Martins Amorim
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Giuffrida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo - UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Keller Siqueira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern State University - UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando José Paganini Listoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences - FMVZ, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Megid J, Benavides Tala JA, Belaz Silva LD, Castro Castro FF, Ribeiro BLD, Appolinário CM, Katz ISS, Scheffer KC, Silva SR, Rosa AR, Barone GT, Alves Martorelli LF, de Almeida MF. Serological Surveillance of Rabies in Free-Range and Captive Common Vampire Bats Desmodus rotundus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681423. [PMID: 34660750 PMCID: PMC8511519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of vampire bat rabies (VBR) in Brazil is based on the culling of Desmodus rotundus and the surveillance of outbreaks caused by D. rotundus in cattle and humans in addition to vaccination of susceptible livestock. The detection of anti-rabies antibodies in vampire bats indicates exposure to the rabies virus, and several studies have reported an increase of these antibodies following experimental infection. However, the dynamics of anti-rabies antibodies in natural populations of D. rotundus remains poorly understood. In this study, we took advantage of recent outbreaks of VBR among livestock in the Sao Paulo region of Brazil to test whether seroprevalence in D. rotundus reflects the incidence of rabies in nearby livestock populations. Sixty-four D. rotundus were captured during and after outbreaks from roost located in municipalities belonging to three regions with different incidences of rabies in herbivores. Sixteen seropositive bats were then kept in captivity for up to 120 days, and their antibodies and virus levels were quantified at different time points using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Antibody titers were associated with the occurrence of ongoing outbreak, with a higher proportion of bats showing titer >0.5 IU/ml in the region with a recent outbreak. However, low titers were still detected in bats from regions reporting the last outbreak of rabies at least 3 years prior to sampling. This study suggests that serological surveillance of rabies in vampire bats can be used as a tool to evaluate risk of outbreaks in at risk populations of cattle and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Megid
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Julio Andre Benavides Tala
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil.,Centro de Investigación para la sustestabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laís Dário Belaz Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernando Favian Castro Castro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil.,Animal Health Department, Universidad Antonio Narino Cauca Popayan, Popayán, Colômbia
| | | | | | - Iana Suly Santos Katz
- Diagnostics Sector, Immunology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Corrêa Scheffer
- Diagnostics Sector, Immunology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandriana Ramos Silva
- Diagnostics Sector, Immunology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ruckert Rosa
- Diagnostics Sector, Immunology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisely Toledo Barone
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Coordenadoria de vigilância em saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza Ribeiro Mioni M, Vicente AF, Peres MG, Appolinário CM, Ribeiro BLD, Pantoja JCDF, de Almeida JP, Pinto N, Mathias LA, Megid J. Brucellosis Prevalence in Brazilian Slaughterhouses with Different Meat Inspection Systems. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1073-1078. [PMID: 29897272 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, meat inspection occurs in a decentralized manner and consists of three types: (i) federal inspection (SIF), (ii) state inspection (SISP), and (iii) municipal inspection (SIM). The objective of this work was to discuss the three current inspection systems through the apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis, a zoonosis that has an eradication program implemented by the Brazilian government. Nine abattoirs from federal, state, and municipal inspection systems were assessed and 1,490 animals were sampled. Serology for brucellosis was determined by the rose bengal test and the complement fixation test. The overall apparent prevalence (and 95% confidence interval) of brucellosis was 2.2% (1.5 to 2.9%). Apparent prevalence stratified by inspection system for SIF, SISP, and SIM was 0.4% (0.0 to 0.9%), 2.0% (0.8 to 3.2%), and 4.3% (2.5 to 6.1%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the odds ratio for finding an animal positive for brucellosis among inspection systems. A statistical difference ( P < 0.0015) was observed among surveillance systems, with SISP × SIF, SIM × SISP, and SIM × SIF having an odds ratio of 4,996, 2,304, and 11,494, respectively. Hence, the need for increasing official surveillance in state and municipal inspection systems seems to be necessary and could assist in the surveillance of bovine brucellosis and other diseases of interest to the federation. In addition, an increase in official presence would help to improve the selection of slaughtered cattle during ante- and postmortem inspection, with consequent impact on food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - Acácia Ferreira Vicente
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - Marina Gea Peres
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - Camila Michele Appolinário
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - Bruna Letícia Davidé Ribeiro
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | | | - Nogueira Pinto
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
| | - Luis Antônio Mathias
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14844-900, Brazil
| | - Jane Megid
- 1 Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-1570 [M.S.R.M.]); and
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4
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Appolinário CM, Allendorf SD, Peres MG, Ribeiro BD, Fonseca CR, Vicente AF, Antunes JMADP, Megid J. Profile of Cytokines and Chemokines Triggered by Wild-Type Strains of Rabies Virus in Mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:378-83. [PMID: 26711511 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a lethal infectious disease that causes 55,000 human deaths per year and is transmitted by various mammalian species, such as dogs and bats. The host immune response is essential for avoiding viral progression and promoting viral clearance. Cytokines and chemokines are crucial in the development of an immediate antiviral response; the rabies virus (RABV) attempts to evade this immune response. The virus's capacity for evasion is correlated with its pathogenicity and the host's inflammatory response, with highly pathogenic strains being the most efficient at hijacking the host's defense mechanisms and thereby decreasing inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of a set of cytokine and chemokine genes that are related to the immune response in the brains of mice inoculated intramuscularly or intracerebrally with two wild-type strains of RABV, one from dog and the other from vampire bat. The results demonstrated that the gene expression profile is intrinsic to the specific rabies variant. The prompt production of cytokines and chemokines seems to be more important than their levels of expression for surviving a rabies infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Michele Appolinário
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan Dora Allendorf
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gea Peres
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Devidé Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clóvis R Fonseca
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acácia Ferreira Vicente
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo A de Paula Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane Megid
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paula CLD, Mioni MDSR, Appolinário CM, Katayama ER, Allendorf SD, Megid J. Detecção de Brucella spp. em leite bovino não pasteurizado através da Reação de Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Arq Inst Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000252013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A brucelose é uma importante zoonose causada por bactérias do gênero Brucella. O homem é infectado pelo contato com as secreções reprodutivas como placenta, lóquios placentários, sêmen e secreções penianas de animais infectados ou pelo consumo de leite e derivados não pasteurizados. Com o objetivo de pesquisar a presença da bactéria no leite, foram avaliadas, através da técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), 30 amostras de leite cru comercializadas clandestinamente na região de Botucatu, São Paulo, bem como 50 amostras de leite entregues em laticínio, previamente à pasteurização. Das 80 amostras analisadas pela técnica de PCR, 10 (12,5%) foram positivas e 70 (87,5%) negativas. Dentre as amostras positivas, 5 amostras (16,6%) eram provenientes de comerciantes ilegais e outras 5 amostras (10%) foram obtidas no laticínio. A positividade para Brucella spp. demonstra que o patógeno se encontra presente de forma importante na região de Botucatu, São Paulo, e que o risco associado à saúde pública devido à comercialização de produtos clandestinos sem prévia pasteurização é real.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane Megid
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Brasil
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6
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Peres MG, Bacchiega TS, Appolinário CM, Vicente AF, Allendorf SD, Antunes JMAP, Moreira SA, Legatti E, Fonseca CR, Pituco EM, Okuda LH, Pantoja JCDF, Ferreira F, Megid J. Serological study of vaccinia virus reservoirs in areas with and without official reports of outbreaks in cattle and humans in São Paulo, Brazil. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2433-41. [PMID: 23760628 PMCID: PMC3830743 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV), the etiological agent of an exanthematic disease, has been associated with several bovine outbreaks in Brazil since the end of the global vaccination campaign against smallpox. It was previously believed that the vaccine virus used for the WHO global campaign had adapted to an unknown wild reservoir and was sporadically re-emerging in outbreaks in cattle and milkers. At present, it is known that Brazilian VACV is phylogenetically different from the vaccinia virus vaccinal strain, but its origin remains unknown. This study assessed the seroprevalence of orthopoxviruses in domestic and wild animals and farmers from 47 farms in three cities in the southwest region of the state of São Paulo with or without official reports of outbreaks in cattle or humans. Our data indicate a low seroprevalence of antibodies in wild animals and raise interesting questions about the real potential of wild rodents and marsupials as VACV reservoirs, suggesting other routes through which VACV can be spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gea Peres
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antunes JMADP, Allendorf SD, Appolinário CM, Cagnini DQ, Figueiredo PR, Júnior JB, Baños JV, Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Megid J. Rough virulent strain of Brucella ovis induces pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in reproductive tissues in experimentally infected rams. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:339-43. [PMID: 23041076 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ovine brucellosis caused by Brucella ovis has tropism for reproductive tissues but until now the mechanism of bacterial persistence is not understood. Cytokine expression profiles were studied for 8 months in rams after being experimentally infected with the rough virulent strain of B. ovis (R-B. ovis) to study the pathogenesis of B. ovis and immune mechanism possibly associated to bacteria tropism and persistence. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ (INF-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cytokines were quantified by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in reproductive tissues (epididymus, testicles, ampolae, vesicular glands and bulbourethral glands), and non-reproductive (liver, spleen and kidneys) tissues at 30, 60, 120 and 240 days post infection (dpi). During the acute phase of infection at 30 dpi, the host immune response was most notable demonstrating an up-regulation of several cytokines in reproductive tissues, including the epididymus (IL-6, IL-1β and IL-1α), testicles (INF-γ and IL-12), bulbourethral glands (IL-6 and TNF-α) and ampolae (INF-γ, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1α). During the development of infection, cytokine gene expression levels decreased, providing evidence of immunosuppression and evidence of immune evasion that favoured persistence of chronic R-B. ovis infection. During the chronic phase of R-B. ovis infection (120 and 240 dpi), cytokine production was down-regulated in the epididymus (IL-1β and IL-1α), testicles (INF-γ and IL-12), and ampolae (INF-γ, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-1α), with the exception of the bulbourethral glands (IL-6 and TNF-α) and epididymus (IL-6); in these tissues, R-B. ovis infection resulted in up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Herein, we report cytokine expression profiles in tissues of rams experimentally infected with the rough strain of B. ovis, which are associated with bacterial persistence and macrophage activation.
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Allendorf SD, Albas A, Cipriano JRB, Antunes JMAP, Appolinário CM, Peres MG, Megid J. Rabies virus in a pregnant naturally infected southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992011000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Antunes JMAP, Machado GP, Costa LF, Fornazari F, Cipriano JRB, Appolinário CM, Allendorf SD, Bagagli E, Teixeira CR, Megid J. Comparison of infection by Brucella spp. in free-ranging and captive wild animals from São Paulo State, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992010000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Megid J, Appolinário CM, Langoni H, Pituco EM, Okuda LH. Vaccinia virus in humans and cattle in southwest region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79:647-651. [PMID: 18981497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A new outbreak of Vaccinia virus was observed in Southwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The disease was observed in four small dairy farms with manual milking. Lesions were detected in cattle and in humans previously vaccinated and not vaccinated against smallpox. Although several reports of Vaccinia virus outbreaks have been occurring in Brazil, it was not yet reported in this region. This outbreak reinforces the viral circulation in our country. The disease in persons previously vaccinated and not vaccinated against smallpox reinforces the absence of immunity, the risk to the human health, and the need for more epidemiologic and immunologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Megid
- University of São Paulo State, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Megid J, Okuda LH, Langoni H, Appolinário CM, Pituco EM. Vaccinia Virus in Humans and Cattle in Southwest Region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Megid J, Appolinário CM, da Costa Carreira R. Images in clinical tropical medicine: vaccinia virus in humans and cattle in southwest region of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79:646. [PMID: 18981496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Megid
- UNESP, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Megid J, da Costa Carreira R, Appolinário CM. Images in Clinical Tropical Medicine: Vaccinia Virus in Humans and Cattle in Southwest Region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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